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Pommella A, Griffiths P, Coativy G, Dalmas F, Ranoo S, Schmidt AM, Méchin F, Bernard J, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Meille S, Baeza GP. Fate of Magnetic Nanoparticles during Stimulated Healing of Thermoplastic Elastomers. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17394-17404. [PMID: 37578990 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the heating mechanism in industrially relevant, multi-block copolymers filled with Fe nanoparticles and subjected to an oscillatory magnetic field that enables polymer healing in a contactless manner. While this procedure aims to extend the lifetime of a wide range of thermoplastic polymers, repeated or prolonged stimulus healing is likely to modify their structure, mechanics, and ability to heat, which must therefore be characterized in depth. In particular, our work sheds light on the physical origin of the secondary heating mechanism detected in soft systems subjected to magnetic hyperthermia and triggered by copolymer chain dissociation. In spite of earlier observations, the origin of this additional heating remained unclear. By using both static and dynamic X-ray scattering methods (small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively), we demonstrate that beyond magnetic hysteresis losses, the enormous drop of viscosity at the polymer melting temperature enables motion of nanoparticles that generates additional heat through friction. Additionally, we show that applying induction heating for a few minutes is found to magnetize the nanoparticles, which causes them to align in dipolar chains and leads to nonmonotonic translational dynamics. By extrapolating these observations to rotational dynamics and the corresponding amount of heat generated through friction, we not only clarify the origin of the secondary heating mechanism but also rationalize the presence of a possible temperature maximum observed during induction heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Pommella
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Pablo Griffiths
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LGEF, EA682, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Gildas Coativy
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LGEF, EA682, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Florent Dalmas
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Surojit Ranoo
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Annette M Schmidt
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Françoise Méchin
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne Cédex F-69621, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne Cédex F-69621, France
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvain Meille
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Guilhem P Baeza
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working long shifts (≥12 h) experience higher levels of burnout. Yet other shift characteristics, including fixed versus rotating night work, weekly hours and breaks have not been considered. Choice over shift length may moderate the relationship; however, this has not been tested. AIMS To examine the association between shift work characteristics and burnout and exhaustion, and whether choice over shift length influences burnout and exhaustion. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey of nursing staff working in the UK and Ireland. We recruited two large National Health Service Trusts, through trade union membership, online/print nursing magazines and social media. We assessed associations using both univariable and multivariable generalized linear models. RESULTS We had 873 valid responses. Reports of inadequate staffing levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08-3.90) and less choice over shift length (OR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06-0.54) were associated with higher burnout in multivariable models. Similar associations were found for exhaustion, where rarely or never taking breaks was also a predictor (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.05-2.52). Nurses who worked long shifts had less choice than those working shifts of 8 h or less (66% of 12-h shift nurses versus 44% 8-h shift nurses reporting having no choice), but choice did not moderate the relationship between shift length and burnout and exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between long shifts and increased burnout reported previously might have arisen from a lack of choice for those staff working long shifts. Whether limited choice for staff is intrinsically linked to long shifts is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dall’Ora
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
| | - O-Z Ejebu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
| | - J Ball
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
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Rousham EK, Goudet S, Markey O, Griffiths P, Boxer B, Carroll C, Petherick ES, Pradeilles R. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption in Children and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1669-1696. [PMID: 35362512 PMCID: PMC9526862 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This WHO-commissioned review contributed to the update of complementary feeding recommendations, synthesizing evidence on effects of unhealthy food and beverage consumption in children on overweight and obesity. We searched PubMed (Medline), Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for articles, irrespective of language or geography. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and pre/post studies with control; 2) participants aged ≤10.9 y at exposure; 3) studies reporting greater consumption of unhealthy foods/beverages compared with no or low consumption; 4) studies assessing anthropometric and/or body composition; and 5) publication date ≥1971. Unhealthy foods and beverages were defined using nutrient- and food-based approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I (risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions version I) and RoB2 [Cochrane RoB (version 2)] tools for nonrandomized and randomized studies, respectively. Narrative synthesis was complemented by meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Of 26,542 identified citations, 60 studies from 71 articles were included. Most studies were observational (59/60), and no included studies were from low-income countries. The evidence base was low quality, as assessed by ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools. Evidence synthesis was limited by the different interventions and comparators across studies. Evidence indicated that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and unhealthy foods in childhood may increase BMI/BMI z-score, percentage body fat, or odds of overweight/obesity (low certainty of evidence). Artificially sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice consumption make little/no difference to BMI, percentage body fat, or overweight/obesity outcomes (low certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses of a subset of studies indicated a positive association between SSB intake and percentage body fat, but no association with change in BMI and BMI z-score. High-quality epidemiological studies that are designed to assess the effects of unhealthy food consumption during childhood on risk of overweight/obesity are needed to contribute to a more robust evidence base upon which to design policy recommendations. This protocol was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020218109.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - S Goudet
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - O Markey
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - P Griffiths
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - C Carroll
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - E S Petherick
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R Pradeilles
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Kular S, Holmes H, Hart A, Griffiths P, Connolly D. Evaluation of the Prevalence of Punctate White Matter Lesions in a Healthy Volunteer Neonatal Population. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1210-1213. [PMID: 35863781 PMCID: PMC9575410 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic injury is the most common cause of neonatal encephalopathy. T1-weighted punctate white matter lesions have been described in hypoxic-ischemic injury. We have reviewed a healthy volunteer neonatal population to assess the prevalence of punctate white matter lesions in neonates with no clinical signs of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Fifty-two subjects were scanned on a neonatal-specific 3T MR imaging scanner. Twelve patients were excluded due to the lack of T1-weighted imaging, leaving a total of 40 patients (35 term, 5 preterm) assessed in the study. One had a solitary T1-punctate white matter lesion. We concluded that solitary punctate white matter lesions have a low prevalence in healthy neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kular
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.K., H.H., P.G., D.C.)
| | - H Holmes
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.K., H.H., P.G., D.C.)
| | - A Hart
- Neurology (A.H.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.K., H.H., P.G., D.C.)
| | - D Connolly
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.K., H.H., P.G., D.C.)
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Jiang L, Griffiths P, Balouet J, Faure T, Lyons R, Fustin CA, Baeza GP. Magneto-Responsive Nanocomposites with a Metal–Ligand Supramolecular Matrix. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyin Jiang
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pablo Griffiths
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julie Balouet
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Titouan Faure
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rowanne Lyons
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guilhem P. Baeza
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Hills J, Simon E, Mignacca S, Beck K, Vickery C, Lockey R, Thorne J, Griffiths P, Spiropoulos J. Have the Biological Properties of Classical BSE Changed After the Implementation of the Reinforced Feed Ban in 1996 in the UK? J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Turner L, Culliford D, Ball J, Kitson-Reynolds E, Griffiths P. The association between midwifery staffing levels and the experiences of mothers on postnatal wards: Cross sectional analysis of routine data. Women Birth 2022; 35:e583-e589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Griffiths P, Coativy G, Dalmas F, Falco G, Jiang L, Xiang Z, Le MQ, Ducharne B, Le Roy D, Méchin F, Bernard J, Meille S, Baeza GP. Ultrafast Remote Healing of Magneto-Responsive Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Griffiths
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gildas Coativy
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florent Dalmas
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Falco
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Liuyin Jiang
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, IMP, UMR 5223, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Minh-Quyen Le
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Ducharne
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- ELyTMaX UMI 3757, CNRS─Université de Lyon─Tohoku University, International Joint Unit, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Méchin
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, IMP, UMR 5223, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, IMP, UMR 5223, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Meille
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guilhem P. Baeza
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Palczak K, Moreira M, Griffiths P. The future of the drug phenomenon and drug monitoring in Europe until 2030. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We are living in an era of fast and fundamental changes with an uneven impact on geographies and generations. The pace of the social transformations and technology innovations is accelerating and outpacing policies and responses in place. Also, the European drug situation and drug markets are becoming more complex and dynamic, with important implications for the EU drug monitoring system and research. Therefore the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) conducted the first ‘futures exercise' to inform the agency's strategic reflection on how to improve the response of the EU monitoring system in the context of rapid changes in the information environment and new information needs. The EMCDDA piloted the usefulness of the foresight approach for transforming the agency and its monitoring activities into a more sensitive and agile system, which could, in turn, help increase Europe's preparedness for future challenges in health and security areas. The ‘futures exercise' applied the horizon-scanning method to study events, issues, and trends affecting the drug area and went far beyond the drugs or the addiction field and the European region. It analysed global drivers of change that may have in the future implications for the drugs situation, drug monitoring and related responses. The methods applied ranged from literature review, thematic analysis, workshops and expert panels. It had a robust participatory component to enable stakeholders representing different disciplines and countries to contribute to and benefit from the process. Out of 14 Megatrends, five were selected as most significant for the drugs field, and the future EMCDDA work: technological change, climate change and environmental degradation, diversified inequalities, shifts in health challenges and population. Moreover, four categories of emerging changes in the drugs field were identified: shifts in drug policy, the discourse of addictions, drug markets and drug services.
Key messages
Foresight is a valuable tool for analysis going beyond specific areas of expertise and recognising that a single-issue focus is often insufficient in dealing with emerging threats and opportunities. A participatory approach contributes to building a shared vision of the major drivers of change impacting the drugs field, information needs and future developments in the EU drug monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Palczak
- Scientific Coordination, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Moreira
- Scientific Coordination, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Griffiths
- Scientific Coordination, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
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Recio-Saucedo A, Smith GB, Redfern O, Maruotti A, Griffiths P. Observational study of the relationship between nurse staffing levels and compliance with mandatory nutritional assessments in hospital. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:679-686. [PMID: 33406321 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, it is recommended that hospital patients have their nutritional status assessed within 24 h of admission using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). The present study aimed to examine the association between nurse staffing levels and missed nutritional status assessments. METHODS A single-centre, retrospective, observational study was employed using routinely collected MUST assessments from 32 general adult hospital wards over 2 years, matched to ward nurse staffing levels. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to control for ward characteristics and patient factors. RESULTS Of 43 451 instances where staffing levels could be linked to a patient for whom an assessment was due, 21.4% had no MUST score recorded within 24 h of admission. Missed assessments varied between wards (8-100%). There was no overall association between registered nurse staffing levels and missed assessments; although higher admissions per registered nurse were associated with more missed assessments [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, P = 0.005]. Higher healthcare assistant staffing was associated with lower rates of missed assessments (OR = 0.80, P < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between registered nurses and healthcare assistants staffing levels (OR = 0.97, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Despite a written hospital policy requiring a nutritional assessment within 24 h of admission, missed assessments were common. The observed results show that compliance with the policy for routine MUST assessments within 24 h of hospital admission is sensitive to staffing levels and workload. This has implications for planning nurse staffing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Recio-Saucedo
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Heath Research and Care (Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G B Smith
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - O Redfern
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A Maruotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Libera Universita Maria Santissima Assunta, Roma, Italy
| | - P Griffiths
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Heath Research and Care (Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Falco G, Griffiths P, Coutouly C, Fustin CA, Baeza GP. Supramolecular Superparamagnetic Nanocomposites Based on a Magnetite-Filled Unentangled Terpyridine-Functionalized Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Falco
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pablo Griffiths
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Coutouly
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis
Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis
Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guilhem P. Baeza
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Goudet S, Jayaraman A, Chanani S, Osrin D, Devleesschauwer B, Bogin B, Madise N, Griffiths P. Cost effectiveness of a community based prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition programme in Mumbai slums, India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205688. [PMID: 30412636 PMCID: PMC6226164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Children in slums are at high risk of acute malnutrition and death. Cost-effectiveness of community-based management of severe acute malnutrition programmes has been demonstrated previously, but there is limited evidence in the context of urban slums where programme cost structure is likely to vary tremendously. This study assessed the cost-utility of adding a community based prevention and treatment for acute malnutrition intervention to Government of India Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) standard care for children in Mumbai slums. The intervention is delivered by community health workers in collaboration with ICDS Anganwadi community health workers. The analysis used a decision tree model to compare the costs and effects of the two options: standard ICDS services with the intervention and prevention versus standard ICDS services alone. The model used outcome and cost data from the Society for Nutrition, Education & Health Action’s Child Health and Nutrition programme in Mumbai slums, which delivered services to 12,362 children over one year from 2013 to 2014. An activity-based cost model was used, with calculated costs based on programme financial records and key informant interviews. Cost data were coupled with programme effectiveness data to estimate disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. The community based prevention and treatment programme averted 15,016 DALYs (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 12,246–17,843) at an estimated cost of $23 per DALY averted (95%UI:19–28) and was thus highly cost-effective. This study shows that ICDS Anganwadi community health workers can work efficiently with community health workers to increase the prevention and treatment coverage in slums in India and can lead to policy recommendations at the state, and potentially the national level, to promote such programmes in Indian slums as a cost-effective approach to tackling moderate and severe acute malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Goudet
- Loughborough University, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - D. Osrin
- UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B. Bogin
- Loughborough University, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - N. Madise
- African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - P. Griffiths
- Loughborough University, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Graham A, Langston A, Griffiths P. DEMENTIA AND THE LOADED GUN: KEEPING AND BEARING ARMS WHEN COGNITION AND CAPACITY BECOME COMPROMISED. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Freytes I, Schmitzberger M, Findley K, Griffiths P, Kunik M, Rupper R, Pettey K. DEMENTIA EXPERT LINK TO IMPROVE VETERANS EXPERIENCE WITH RURAL CAREGIVING (DELIVER). Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Findley
- NF/SG VHS Center of Innovation on Disability & Rehabilitation Research
| | | | - M Kunik
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
| | | | - K Pettey
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center- SLC
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Remillard E, Griffiths P, Mitzner TL, Sanford JA, Arch M, Rogers WA. TECHSAGE MINIMUM BATTERY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Remillard
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - P Griffiths
- Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - T L Mitzner
- Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - J A Sanford
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - M Arch
- Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - W A Rogers
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL USA
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16
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Kovaleva M, Bilsborough E, Griffiths P, Nocera J, Hepburn K. TELEHEALTH IS GOOD, BUT HOW TO MAKE IT GREAT? Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Kovaleva
- Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - E Bilsborough
- Student, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Griffiths
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Nocera
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Hepburn
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Emory University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Soothill G, Hessey S, Erotocritou M, Griffiths P, Ijaz S, Thorburn D, Ankcorn M, Irish D. Diagnostic utility of hepatitis E virus antigen-specific ELISA versus PCR testing in a cohort of post liver transplant patients in a large university hospital. J Clin Virol 2018; 106:44-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Brockelsby C, Frost F, Griffiths P, Greenwood J, Walshaw M. P234 Transplant eligibility perceptions amongst a cystic fibrosis multidisciplinary team. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Griffiths P, Calvert P, Hilton N, Frost F. P156 Mobile phone step-counter data does not correlate with objective measures of exercise capacity. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Brockelsby C, Frost F, Griffiths P, Walshaw M. EPS2.08 Clinical characteristics of patients with one known cystic fibrosis-related mutation despite extended genotype testing. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Griffiths P, Brockelsby C, Frost F, Lee X, Ledson M, Walshaw M. Diagnostic accuracy of routine coded versus 72-hour CT reporting in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Griffiths P, Mounteney J. Disruptive Potential of the Internet to Transform Illicit Drug Markets and Impact on Future Patterns of Drug Consumption. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:176-178. [PMID: 27995611 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Griffiths
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA); Lisbon Portugal
| | - J Mounteney
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA); Lisbon Portugal
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23
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Sermeus W, Cullum N, Balzer K, Schröder R, Junghans A, Stahl U, Träder JM, Köpke S, Dichter MN, Palm R, Halek M, Bartholomeyczik S, Meyer G, Holle D, Graf R, Rosier U, Reuther S, Roes M, Halek M, Gouveia BR, Jardim HG, Martins MM, Freitas DL, Maia JA, Rose DJ, Gouveia ÉR, Bruyneel L, Lesaffre E, Sermeus W, Ball JE, Bruyneel L, Aiken L, Tishelman C, Sermeus W, Griffiths P, Papastavrou E, Andreou P, Sasso L, Bagnasco A, Zanini MP, Catania G, Aleo G, Spandonaro F, Icardi G, Watson R, Sermeus W, Fleischer S, Burckhardt M, Meyer G, Berg A, Van Hecke A, Malfait S, Van Daele J, Eeckloo K, Deschodt M, Van Grootven B, Milisen K, Flamaing J, Rahn AC, Köpke S, Backhus I, Kasper J, Krützelmann A, Kleiter I, Mühlhauser I, Heesen C. European Academy of Nursing Science 2016 Summer Conference. BMC Nurs 2016. [PMCID: PMC5260782 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-016-0186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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24
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Khalil A, Bennet S, Thilaganathan B, Paladini D, Griffiths P, Carvalho JS. Prevalence of prenatal brain abnormalities in fetuses with congenital heart disease: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:296-307. [PMID: 27062519 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have shown an association between congenital heart defects (CHDs) and postnatal brain abnormalities and neurodevelopmental delay. Recent evidence suggests that some of these brain abnormalities are present before birth. The primary aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to quantify the prevalence of prenatal brain abnormalities in fetuses with CHDs. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched electronically. Reference lists within each article were hand-searched for additional reports. The outcomes observed included structural brain abnormalities (on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and changes in brain volume (on MRI, three-dimensional (3D) volumetric MRI, 3D ultrasound and phase-contrast MRI), brain metabolism or maturation (on magnetic resonance spectroscopy and phase-contrast MRI) and brain blood flow (on Doppler ultrasound, phase-contrast MRI and 3D power Doppler ultrasound) in fetuses with CHDs. Cohort and case-control studies were included and cases of chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, case reports and editorials were excluded. Proportion meta-analysis was used for analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) test. RESULTS The search yielded 1943 citations, and 20 studies (n = 1175 cases) were included in the review. Three studies reported data on structural brain abnormalities, while data on altered brain volume, metabolism and blood flow were reported in seven, three and 14 studies, respectively. The three studies (221 cases) reporting on structural brain abnormalities were suitable for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The prevalence of prenatal structural brain abnormalities in fetuses with CHD was 28% (95% CI, 18-40%), with a similar prevalence (25% (95% CI, 14-39%)) when tetralogy of Fallot was considered alone. These abnormalities included ventriculomegaly (most common), agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventricular bleeding, increased extra-axial space, vermian hypoplasia, white-matter abnormalities and delayed brain development. Fetuses with CHD were more likely than those without CHD to have reduced brain volume, delay in brain maturation and altered brain circulation, most commonly in the form of reduced middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio. These changes were usually evident in the third trimester, but some studies reported them from as early as the second trimester. CONCLUSION In the absence of known major aneuploidy or genetic syndromes, fetuses with CHD are at increased risk of brain abnormalities, which are discernible prenatally. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S Bennet
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - D Paladini
- Fetal Medicine & Surgery Unit - Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Griffiths
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J S Carvalho
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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25
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Malik FT, Clement RM, Gethin DT, Kiernan M, Goral T, Griffiths P, Beynon D, Parker AR. Hierarchical structures of cactus spines that aid in the directional movement of dew droplets. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20160110. [PMID: 27354735 PMCID: PMC4928504 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three species of cactus whose spines act as dew harvesters were chosen for this study: Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana, Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis and Parodia mammulosa and compared with Ferocactus wislizenii whose spines do not perform as dew harvesters. Time-lapse snapshots of C. cinerea showed movement of dew droplets from spine tips to their base, even against gravity. Spines emanating from one of the areoles of C. cinerea were submerged in water laced with fluorescent nanoparticles and this particular areole with its spines and a small area of stem was removed and imaged. These images clearly showed that fluorescent water had moved into the stem of the plant. Lines of vascular bundles radiating inwards from the surface areoles (from where the spines emanate) to the core of the stem were detected using magnetic resonance imaging, with the exception of F. wislizenii that does not harvest dew on its spines. Spine microstructures were examined using SEM images and surface roughness measurements (Ra and Rz) taken of the spines of C. cinerea It was found that a roughness gradient created by tapered microgrooves existed that could potentially direct surface water from a spine tip to its base.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Malik
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R M Clement
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D T Gethin
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M Kiernan
- Cyden, Technium Two, Kings Road, Swansea SA1 8PJ, UK
| | - T Goral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD,, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D Beynon
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A R Parker
- Green Templeton College, Oxford University, 43 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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Abstract
Cervical traction is one of the most common methods of treating neck and arm pain, but its effects are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis, firstly, that mechanical traction is effective in relieving clinical symptoms and, as a secondary part of a study described elsewhere,1 that the mechanism may be a reduction in muscle tension. One hundred patients with neck and arm pain were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: (1) weighted cervical traction (6-15lbs) applied according to a technique commonly used by physiotherapists; (2) placebo traction, applied in exactly the same way, but producing a force of not more than 11b on the head. Both groups were given neck-care education. The weighted traction group tended to improve slightly more than the placebo group on measures of pain, sleep disturbance, social dysfunction, ADL and range of movement at the neck. No significant post-treatment differences were found between the two treatment groups except on flexion and right-side flexion.
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Abstract
Mechanical cervical traction is often used on the assumption that it reduces muscle tension.1-5 The first 52 patients, included in a larger clinical trial of 100 patients with neck and arm pain described elsewhere6 who had been randomly allocated to weighted or placebo traction, had surface electromyography (EMG) recordings taken over the upper trapezius muscle. Results were based on 44 sets of useable data, and showed that both forms of traction (weighted and placebo) significantly reduced muscle tension when patients were reclining ( p<0.05). This reduction was not maintained when the patient returned to an upright position. No significant differences in EMG reductions were found between placebo and weighted traction.
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Abstract
Eight members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) family have been discovered to date. All the viruses have a characteristic virion structure and share a number of other features. From the perspective of potential treatments, these include the encoding of a protease enzyme which is essential for virus assembly, a DNA polymerase and at least one kinase enzyme which can phosphorylate nucleosides. The herpesviruses also demonstrate a number of mechanisms for avoiding the host immune system, including interference with different stages of the presentation of viral peptides on the cell surface by class I human leukcocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. Three members of the herpesvirus family (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) have been discovered within the last 10 years. Both HHV-6 and HHV-7 cause exonthem subitum, although HHV-7 seems to be less pathogenic than HHV-6. HHV-6 also appears to be associated with a number of other disorders. HHV-8 was discovered by the newly developed technique of representational difference analysis, and was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissue. Although the studies to date do not prove that HHV-8 causes KS, they show that the virus is closely associated with the disease. Since discovery of these HHV has been facilitated by the development of new techniques, further technological advances could help to uncover new members of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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29
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Griffiths P, Heaton J, Claxton S, Hughes D. P290 Do lung function indices correlate with risk of pneumothorax following CT-guided biopsy? Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Hardy AB, Cowdell S, Griffiths P. M14 Surgical interventions for emphysema: The experience of a community based COPD service. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Navaratnam A, Ramsay I, Harber M, Griffiths P. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant patients: Not always iatrogenic. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Skolimowska K, Ramsay I, O’Beirne JSL, Griffiths P. Response of resistant CMV post-transplant to maribavir. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Stewart N, Norquay G, Parra-Robles J, Marshall H, Leung G, Murphy P, Schulte R, Elliot C, Condliffe R, Billings C, Smith I, Griffiths P, Wolber J, Whyte M, Kiely D, Wild J. P273 Assessment Of Lung Microstructure In Interstitial Lung Disease With Hyperpolarised Gas Mri. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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34
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Wagland R, Richardson A, Armes J, Hankins M, Lennan E, Griffiths P. Treatment-related problems experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:605-17. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Wagland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Highfield; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - A. Richardson
- Faculty of Health Science, Southampton General Hospital; University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK
| | - J. Armes
- Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery King's College London; London UK
| | - M. Hankins
- Centre for Innovation and Leadership in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - E. Lennan
- University Hospital Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - P. Griffiths
- Centre for Innovation and Leadership in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Highfield; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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Chirwa ED, Griffiths P, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Pettifor JM, Norris SA. Postnatal growth velocity and overweight in early adolescents: a comparison of rural and urban African boys and girls. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:643-51. [PMID: 24948025 PMCID: PMC4329380 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare growth velocity of two African child cohorts and examine the relationship between postnatal growth velocity in infancy/early childhood and the risk of overweight/stunting in early adolescence. Methods The study used data from two child cohorts from urban (Birth to Twenty Cohort, South Africa) and rural (Lungwena Child Survival Study, Malawi) African settings. Mixed effect modelling was used to derive growth and peak growth velocities. T-tests were used to compare growth parameters and velocities between the two cohorts. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between growth velocity and early adolescent (ages 9–11 years) body mass index and odds of being overweight. Results Children in the BH cohort were significantly taller and heavier than those in the Lungwena cohort, and exhibited faster weight and height growth velocity especially in the first year of life (P < 0.05). No significant association was shown between baseline weight (αw) and overweight in early adolescence (OR = 1.25, CI = 0.67, 2.34). The weight growth velocity parameter βw was highly associated with odds of being overweight. Association between overweight in adolescence and weight velocity was stronger in infancy than in early childhood (OR at 3 months = 4.80, CI = 2.49, 9.26; OR at 5 years = 2.39, CI = 1.65, 3.47). Conclusion High weight and height growth velocity in infancy, independent of size at birth, is highly associated with overweight in early adolescence. However, the long term effects of rapid growth in infancy may be dependent on a particular population's socio-economic status and level of urbanization. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:643–651, 2014. © 2014 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Chirwa
- Wits/MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Chu C, Griffiths P, Asquith P, Naidoo C, Horsley J, McDonald P. 9 * HOW ACCURATE IS OUR DIAGNOSIS OF A URINARY TRACT INFECTION? Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu036.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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37
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Jackson C, Griffiths P. Dirt and disgust as key drivers in nurses' infection control behaviours: an interpretative, qualitative study. J Hosp Infect 2014; 87:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Connor JL, Griffiths P, Gautam M, Youzguin A. P72 In the Post Ultrasound Era, are Core Medical Trainees Struggling to get Experience in Chest Drain Insertion? Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Moran D, Griffiths P, Moore V. P129 Estimating Service Capacity for Commissioning an Anticoagulation Service in Line with NICE Guidance in the NHS, England. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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40
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Lea R, Griffiths P, Moore V. P172 Challenges of Measuring the Uptake of National Public Health Guidance in the UK: A New Methodology. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Douzgou S, Clayton-Smith J, Gardner S, Day R, Griffiths P, Strong K. Dysmorphology at a distance: results of a web-based diagnostic service. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:327-32. [PMID: 23838594 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the DYSCERNE pilot project funded by the European Commission Public Health Executive Agency (EU DG Sanco) aimed at setting up a network of expertise for patients with rare dysmorphic disorders. As part of DYSCERNE, a Dysmorphology Diagnostic System (DDS) was set up to enable clinicians throughout the EU to submit cases electronically for diagnosis using a secure, web-based interface, hosted at specified access points (Submitting nodes), in 26 different European countries. We report the outcome of this service for 200 cases submitted consecutively between January 2010 and 2012. Each case was reviewed by an average of five expert reviewers. An average of three possible syndromic diagnoses was suggested per case. In 22.5% of the cases, a consensus clinical diagnosis was reached. Genetic testing was suggested in 70.5% of the cases, whereas other laboratory investigations and diagnostic imaging were recommended in 35.5 and 26% of the cases, respectively. Further specialized opinions were suggested in 23.5% of the cases. Overall, a total of 181 very rare or extremely rare genetic syndromes were considered in the differential diagnosis of the 200 cases. In two cases, the reviewers suggested that the findings represented a new syndrome, and in one of these syndromes the underlying genetic cause was subsequently identified. Other benefits of the submission process included the possibility of directing the case submitters to specific centres for diagnostic testing or participation in research and educational benefit derived for both case submitters and reviewers.
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42
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Parrott AC, Corazza O, Schifano F, Griffiths P, Sedefov R, Gallegos A, Murray RM, Demetrovics Z, Curran V, Bersani G, Singer LT. Editorial: Second International Conference on Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPSs): keynote addresses and conference abstracts. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2013; 6:255-6. [PMID: 25311094 PMCID: PMC10187763 DOI: 10.2174/187447370604140616121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L T Singer
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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43
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Abstract
The Beaudesert Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), originally built in 1966 and augmented in 1977, is a typical biological trickling filter (TF) STP comprising primary sedimentation tanks (PSTs), TFs and humus tanks. The plant, despite not originally being designed for nitrogen removal, has been consistently achieving over 60% total nitrogen reduction and low effluent ammonium concentration of less than 5 mg NH3-N/L. Through the return of a NO3(-)-rich stream from the humus tanks to the PSTs and maintaining an adequate sludge age within the PSTs, the current plant is achieving a substantial degree of denitrification. Further enhanced denitrification has been achieved by raising the recycle flows and maintaining an adequate solids retention time (SRT) within the PSTs. This paper describes the approach to operating a TF plant to achieve a high degree of nitrification and denitrification. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through the pilot plant trial. The results from the pilot trial demonstrate a significant improvement in nitrogen removal performance whilst maximising the asset life of the existing infrastructure. This shows great potential as a retrofit option for small and rural communities with pre-existing TFs that require improvements in terms of nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dai
- CH2M HILL, Level 1, Queensland, Australia.
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44
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O’Connell S, Griffiths P, Clemes S. Seasonal variation in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in UK adults. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Pharris A, Wiessing L, Sfetcu O, Hedrich D, Botescu A, Fotiou A, Nikolopoulos GK, Malliori M, Salminen M, Suk JE, Griffiths P, van de Laar MJ. Human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Europe following a reported increase of cases in Greece and Romania, 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:20032. [PMID: 22172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Greece and Romania reported an increased number of HIV cases among injecting drug users (IDUs) during 2011. Most European countries reported no changes in the rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV or HIV prevalence in IDUs; however, six countries did report increases and several additional countries reported increases in injecting risk indicators or low coverage of prevention services. These indicate a potential risk for increased HIV transmission and future outbreaks unless adequate prevention is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pharris
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Pharris A, Wiessing L, Sfetcu O, Hedrich D, Botescu A, Fotiou A, Nikolopoulos GK, Malliori M, Salminen M, Suk JE, Griffiths P, van de Laar MJ. Human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Europe following a reported increase of cases in Greece and Romania, 2011. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.48.20032-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Greece and Romania reported an increased number of HIV cases among injecting drug users (IDUs) during 2011. Most European countries reported no changes in the rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV or HIV prevalence in IDUs; however, six countries did report increases and several additional countries reported increases in injecting risk indicators or low coverage of prevention services. These indicate a potential risk for increased HIV transmission and future outbreaks unless adequate prevention is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pharris
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Wiessing
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - O Sfetcu
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Hedrich
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Botescu
- National Observatory on Drugs, National Anti-Drug Agency, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Fotiou
- National Focal Point of the EMCDDA, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - G K Nikolopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - M Malliori
- Organisation Against Drugs (OKANA), Athens, Greece
| | - M Salminen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J E Suk
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Griffiths
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M J van de Laar
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Armes J, Griffiths P, Richardson A, Wagland R, Finnegan-John J, Corner J. 4157 ORAL Developing and Feasibility Testing of Nurse Sensitive Outcome Measures for Ambulatory Cancer Chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Murray C, Hall SK, Griffiths P. An evaluation of the Sebia capillarys Neonat Haemoglobin FAST™ system for routine newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:533-9. [PMID: 21535479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The West Midlands Newborn Screening Laboratory (NBSL) at Birmingham Children's Hospital (BCH), UK, screens approximately 71 000 babies per annum using the Bio-Rad automated VARIANT™ nbs (Vnbs) high-pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Any abnormal haemoglobins detected, including S, C, D-Punjab, E and O-Arab as directed by the NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening Programme (NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening Programme Website, http://sct.screening.nhs.uk), are then confirmed using Resolve® isoelectric electric focusing (IEF) kits supplied by Perkin-Elmer. The Sebia capillarys Neonat Haemoglobin FAST™ system was evaluated as a possible replacement for the first- or second-line methods used. Both the Sebia and Bio-Rad methods were compared using anonymized blood spots with known haemoglobin patterns. These results were then confirmed when necessary by IEF. The Sebia-recommended sample preparation was also modified to enable testing to be more comparable with our current processes. Percentages of haemoglobins calculated from integration of areas under the peaks were compared between the Bio-Rad Vnbs HPLC and Sebia capillarys Neonat Haemoglobin FAST™ system. Of the 347 blood spots tested by both HPLC and capillary electrophoresis, there were no significant differences. The Sebia capillarys Neonat Haemoglobin FAST™ system can be used to successfully screen newborns for sickle cell disease in blood spots collected for newborn screening with full positive sample identification and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Murray
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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49
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Hignett S, Sands G, Griffiths P. Exploring the contributory factors for un-witnessed in-patient falls from the National Reporting and Learning System database. Age Ageing 2011; 40:135-8. [PMID: 21071455 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Hignett
- Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety research Unit (HEPSU), Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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50
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Wu L, Forbes A, Griffiths P, Milligan P, While A. Telephone follow-up to improve glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1217-25. [PMID: 20950378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of telephone follow-up interventions on glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using The Cochrane Library, including the Cochrane central register of controlled trials; MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL, together with citation searching. The included studies were randomized controlled trials examining the effect of a telephone follow-up intervention on glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. All the included trials were subject to critical appraisal. Data were extracted on study design, characteristics of patients, exact nature of the telephone intervention and details of comparison. Pooled standardized effects were calculated for the primary outcome. Glycaemic control was measured by HbA(1c) . RESULTS HbA(1c) levels reported in the reviewed studies were pooled using random effects models. The standardized effect of telephone follow-up was equivocal, with endpoint data showing weighted mean differences of -0.44 (95% CI -0.93 to 0.06) (Z = -1.72, P=0.08) in favour of the telephone follow-up intervention. Subgroup analysis of more intensive interventions (interactive follow-up with health professional plus automated follow-up or non-interactive follow-up) showed (n=1057) a significant benefit in favour of the treatment group, with a standardized mean difference of -0.84 (95% CI -1.67 to 0.0) (Z=1.97, P=0.05), indicating that more intensive (targeted) modes of follow-up may have better effects on glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS The analysis suggested that telephone follow-up interventions following a more intensive targeted approach could have a positive impact on glycaemic control for Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- King's College London, The Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, 57 Waterloo Road, London, UK
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