1
|
Jo W, Stern S, Westermeier F, Rysov R, Riepp M, Schmehr J, Lange J, Becker J, Sprung M, Laurus T, Graafsma H, Lokteva I, Grübel G, Roseker W. Single and multi-pulse based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3315-3324. [PMID: 36785327 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pulsed nature of synchrotron radiation opens up the possibility of studying microsecond dynamics in complex materials via speckle-based techniques. Here, we present the study of measuring the dynamics of a colloidal system by combining single and multiple X-ray pulses of a storage ring. In addition, we apply speckle correlation techniques at various pulse patterns to collect correlation functions from nanoseconds to milliseconds. The obtained sample dynamics from all correlation techniques at different pulse patterns are in very good agreement with the expected dynamics of Brownian motions of silica nanoparticles in water. Our study will pave the way for future pulsed X-ray investigations at various synchrotron X-ray sources using individual X-ray pulse patterns.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun FZ, Liao GQ, Lei HY, Wang TZ, Wei YY, Wang D, Chen H, Liu F, Li YT, Zhang J. A non-collinear autocorrelator for single-shot characterization of ultrabroadband terahertz pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:123003. [PMID: 36586913 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional terahertz (THz) waveform or spectral diagnostics mainly employ the electro-optic-based techniques or the multi-shot Michelson interferometer. Simultaneously, single-shot, ultrabroadband THz spectral measurements remain challenging. In this paper, a novel probe-free scheme based on the non-collinear autocorrelation technique is proposed to characterize the ultrabroadband THz spectrum at a single-shot mode. The non-collinear autocorrelator is a modified beam-division interferometer, in which the two beams are recombined non-collinearly onto a camera. The temporal or spectral resolution and range depend on the noncollinear configuration and camera parameters. This simple approach has been applied experimentally to characterize the ultrashort THz pulse generated from ultraintense laser-solid interactions, demonstrating the capability of single-shot ultrabroadband measurements without an auxiliary ultrafast laser probe. The proposed non-collinear autocorrelator here would be much useful for characterization and applications of low-repetition-rate intense THz sources and could also be extended to other frequency bands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zheng Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Qian Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Yi Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian-Ze Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Design of a Hybrid Split-Delay Line for Hard X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable the study of fast dynamics on microsecond time scales. Split-delay lines (SDLs) further bring the time scale down to femtoseconds by splitting and delaying the XFEL pulses. Crystals and multilayers are two common types of optical elements in SDLs, offering either long delay ranges or high temporal accuracy. In this work, we introduce the design of a hybrid SDL for the coherent diffraction endstation of Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE). It uses crystals for the first branch and multilayers for the second one, thus simultaneously offering a relatively long delay range and high temporal accuracy. Moreover, a third branch can be installed to switch the SDL to the all-crystal configuration for longer delay ranges.
Collapse
|
4
|
A perfect X-ray beam splitter and its applications to time-domain interferometry and quantum optics exploiting free-electron lasers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117906119. [PMID: 35140184 PMCID: PMC8851450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117906119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) deliver ultrabright X-ray pulses, but not the sequences of phase-coherent pulses required for time-domain interferometry and control of quantum states. For conventional split-and-delay schemes to produce such sequences, the challenge stems from extreme stability requirements when splitting Ångstrom wavelength beams, where the tiniest path-length differences introduce phase jitter. We describe an FEL mode based on selective electron-bunch degradation and transverse beam shaping in the accelerator, combined with a self-seeded photon emission scheme. Instead of splitting the photon pulses after their generation by the FEL, we split the electron bunch in the accelerator, prior to photon generation, to obtain phase-locked X-ray pulses with subfemtosecond duration. Time-domain interferometry becomes possible, enabling the concomitant program of classical and quantum optics experiments with X-rays. The scheme leads to scientific benefits of cutting-edge FELs with attosecond and/or high-repetition rate capabilities, ranging from the X-ray analog of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to damage-free measurements.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou G, Jiao Y, Raubenheimer TO, Wang J, Holman AJ, Tsai CY, Wu JY, Wu W, Yang C, Yoon M, Wu J. Coherence time characterization method for hard X-ray free-electron lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:10928-10938. [PMID: 32403614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.010928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coherence time is one of the fundamental characteristics of light sources. Methods based on autocorrelation have been widely applied from optical domain to soft X-rays to characterize the radiation coherence time. However, for the hard X-ray regime, due to the lack of proper mirrors, it is extremely difficult to implement such autocorrelation scheme. In this paper, a novel approach for characterizing the coherence time of a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) is proposed and validated numerically. A phase shifter is adopted to control the correlation between X-ray and microbunched electrons. The coherence time of the FEL pulse can be extracted from the cross-correlation. Semi-analytical analysis and three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulations are presented to elaborate the details. A coherence time of 218.2 attoseconds for 6.92 keV X-ray FEL pulses is obtained in our simulation based on the configuration of Linac Coherent Light Source. This approach provides critical temporal coherence diagnostics for X-ray FELs, and is decoupled from machine parameters, applicable for any photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou G, Decker FJ, Ding Y, Jiao Y, Lutman AA, Maxwell TJ, Raubenheimer TO, Wang J, Holman AJ, Tsai CY, Wu JY, Wu W, Yang C, Yoon M, Wu J. Attosecond Coherence Time Characterization in Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5961. [PMID: 32249769 PMCID: PMC7136262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in scientific researches based on free-electron lasers (FELs) is the characterization of the coherence time of the ultra-fast hard x-ray pulse, which fundamentally influences the interaction process between x-rays and materials. Conventional optical methods, based on autocorrelation, are very difficult to realize due to the lack of mirrors. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel method which yields a coherence time of 174.7 attoseconds for the 6.92 keV FEL pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. In our experiment, a phase shifter is adopted to control the cross-correlation between x-ray and microbunched electrons. This approach provides critical diagnostics for the temporal coherence of x-ray FELs and is universal for general machine parameters; applicable for wide range of photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Yuantao Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Yi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Timothy J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Tor O Raubenheimer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Jiuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aaron J Holman
- Department of Physics and The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jerome Y Wu
- Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E Meadow Dr, Palo Alto, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- JSerra Catholic High School, 26351 Junipero Serra Road, San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | - Chuan Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Moohyun Yoon
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Juhao Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Osaka T, Inoue I, Kinjo R, Hirano T, Morioka Y, Sano Y, Yamauchi K, Yabashi M. A micro channel-cut crystal X-ray monochromator for a self-seeded hard X-ray free-electron laser. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1496-1502. [PMID: 31490137 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519008841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A channel-cut Si(111) crystal with a channel width of 90 µm was developed for achieving reflection self-seeding in hard X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). With the crystal a monochromatic seed pulse is produced from a broadband XFEL pulse generated in the first undulator section with an optical delay of 119 fs at 10 keV. The small optical delay allows a temporal overlap between the seed optical pulse and the electron bunch by using a small magnetic chicane for the electron beam placed between two undulator sections. Peak reflectivity reached 67%, which is reasonable compared with the theoretical value of 81%. By using this monochromator, a monochromatic seed pulse without broadband background in the spectrum was obtained at SACLA with a conversion efficiency from a broadband XFEL pulse of 2 × 10-2, which is ∼10 times higher than the theoretical efficiency of transmission self-seeding using a thin diamond (400) monochromator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taito Osaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ryota Kinjo
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Morioka
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Sano
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamauchi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Möller J, Reiser M, Hallmann J, Boesenberg U, Zozulya A, Rahmann H, Becker AL, Westermeier F, Zinn T, Zontone F, Gutt C, Madsen A. Implications of disturbed photon-counting statistics of Eiger detectors for X-ray speckle visibility experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1705-1715. [PMID: 31490162 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on coherent scattering experiments in the low-count regime with less than one photon per pixel per acquisition on average, conducted with two detectors based on the Eiger single-photon-counting chip. The obtained photon-count distributions show systematic deviations from the expected Poisson-gamma distribution, which result in a strong overestimation of the measured speckle contrast. It is shown that these deviations originate from an artificial increase of double-photon events, which is proportional to the detected intensity and inversely proportional to the exposure time. The observed miscounting effect may have important implications for new coherent scattering experiments emerging with the advent of high-brilliance X-ray sources. Different correction schemes are discussed in order to obtain the correct photon distributions from the data. A successful correction is demonstrated with the measurement of Brownian motion from colloidal particles using X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, University Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, University Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rysov R, Roseker W, Walther M, Grübel G. Compact hard X-ray split-and-delay line for studying ultrafast dynamics at free-electron laser sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1052-1057. [PMID: 31274427 PMCID: PMC6613117 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519004570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A compact hard X-ray split-and-delay line for studying ultrafast dynamics at free-electron laser sources is presented. The device is capable of splitting a single X-ray pulse into two fractions to introduce time delays from -5 to 815 ps with femtosecond resolution. The split-and-delay line can operate in a wide and continuous energy range between 7 and 16 keV. Compact dimensions of 60 × 60 × 30 cm with a total weight of about 60 kg make it portable and suitable for direct installation in an experimental hutch. The concept of the device is based on crystal diffraction. The piezo-driven stages utilized in the device give nanometre positioning accuracy. On-line monitoring systems based on X-ray cameras and intensity monitors are implemented to provide active alignment feedback. Performance estimates of the system are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Rysov
- Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walther
- Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Wang N, Song S, Sun P, Chollet M, Sato T, van Driel TB, Nelson S, Plumley R, Montana-Lopez J, Teitelbaum SW, Haber J, Hastings JB, Baron AQR, Sutton M, Fuoss PH, Robert A, Zhu D. Compact hard x-ray split-delay system based on variable-gap channel-cut crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2582-2585. [PMID: 31090737 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the concept and a prototypical implementation of a compact x-ray split-delay system that is capable of performing continuous on-the-fly delay scans over a range of ∼10 ps with sub-100 nanoradian pointing stability. The system consists of four channel-cut silicon crystals, two of which have gradually varying gap sizes from intentional 5 deg asymmetric cuts. The delay adjustment is realized by linear motions of these two monolithic varying-gap channel cuts, where the x-ray beam experiences pairs of anti-parallel reflections, and thus becomes less sensitive in output beam pointing to motion imperfections of the translation stages. The beam splitting is accomplished by polished crystal edges. A high degree of mutual coherence between the two branches at the focus is observed by analyzing small-angle coherent x-ray scattering patterns. We envision a wide range of applications including single-shot x-ray pulse temporal diagnostics, studies of high-intensity x-ray-matter interactions, as well as measurement of dynamics in disordered material systems using split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Roseker W, Lee S, Walther M, Rysov R, Sprung M, Grübel G. Spatial and temporal pre-alignment of an X-ray split-and-delay unit by laser light interferometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:045106. [PMID: 31042974 DOI: 10.1063/1.5089496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel experimental setup for performing a precise pre-alignment of a hard X-ray split-and-delay unit based on low coherence light interferometry and high-precision penta-prisms. A split-and-delay unit is a sophisticated perfect crystal-optics device that splits an incoming X-ray pulse into two sub-pulses and generates a controlled time-delay between them. While the availability of a split-and-delay system will make ultrafast time-correlation and X-ray pump-probe experiments possible at free-electron lasers, its alignment process can be very tedious and time-consuming due to its complex construction. By implementing our experimental setup at beamline P10 of PETRA III, we were able to reduce the time of alignment to less than 3 h. We also propose an alternate method for finding the zero-time delay crossing without the use of X-rays or pulsed laser sources. The successful demonstration of this method brings prospect for operating the split-and-delay systems under alignment-time-critical environments such as X-ray free electron laser facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Roseker
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lee
- Frontier in Extreme Physics, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - M Walther
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Rysov
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tono K, Hara T, Yabashi M, Tanaka H. Multiple-beamline operation of SACLA. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:595-602. [PMID: 30855272 PMCID: PMC6412171 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The SPring-8 Ångstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) began parallel operation of three beamlines (BL1-3) in autumn 2017 to increase the user beam time of the X-ray free-electron laser. The success of the multiple-beamline operation is based on two technological achievements: (i) the fast switching operation of the SACLA main linear accelerator, which provides BL2 and BL3 with pulse-by-pulse electron beams, and (ii) the relocation and upgrade of the SPring-8 Compact SASE Source for BL1, for the generation of a soft X-ray free-electron laser. Moreover, the photon beamlines and experimental stations were upgraded to facilitate concurrent user experiments at the three beamlines and accommodate more advanced experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tono
- XFEL Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Toru Hara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- XFEL Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coherence and pulse duration characterization of the PAL-XFEL in the hard X-ray regime. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3300. [PMID: 30824784 PMCID: PMC6397240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the spatial and temporal coherence properties of hard X-ray pulses from the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL, Pohang, Korea). The measurement of the single-shot speckle contrast, together with the introduction of corrections considering experimental conditions, allows obtaining an intrinsic degree of transverse coherence of 0.85 ± 0.06. In the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission regime, the analysis of the intensity distribution of X-ray pulses also provides an estimate for the number of longitudinal modes. For monochromatic and pink (i.e. natural bandwidth provided by the first harmonic of the undulator) beams, we observe that the number of temporal modes is 6.0 ± 0.4 and 90.0 ± 7.2, respectively. Assuming a coherence time of 2.06 fs and 0.14 fs for the monochromatic and pink beam respectively, we estimate an average X-ray pulse duration of 12.6 ± 1.0 fs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Koivurova M, Ahad L, Geloni G, Setälä T, Turunen J, Friberg AT. Interferometry and coherence of nonstationary light. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:522-525. [PMID: 30702669 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We consider temporally integrating interferometric measurements and their relation to the coherence properties of nonstationary light. We find that performing such experiments as a function of time delay is equivalent to spectrally resolving the interference patterns, and time-domain coherence information can be obtained from field autocorrelation only if the source is of the Schell-model type. In an analogy to autocorrelation, we introduce field cross-correlation, which can be used to determine the complete complex field of unknown signal pulses if suitable probe pulses are available. We demonstrate our findings with simulated supercontinuum and free-electron laser ensembles, and discuss the prospect of carrying out experiments.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu W, Friedrich B, Noll T, Zhou K, Hallmann J, Ansaldi G, Roth T, Serkez S, Geloni G, Madsen A, Eisebitt S. Development of a hard X-ray split-and-delay line and performance simulations for two-color pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063121. [PMID: 29960553 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A hard X-ray Split-and-Delay Line (SDL) under construction for the Materials Imaging and Dynamics station at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) is presented. This device aims at providing pairs of X-ray pulses with a variable time delay ranging from -10 ps to 800 ps in a photon energy range from 5 to 10 keV for photon correlation and X-ray pump-probe experiments. A custom designed mechanical motion system including active feedback control ensures that the high demands for stability and accuracy can be met and the design goals achieved. Using special radiation configurations of the European XFEL's SASE-2 undulator (SASE: Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission), two-color hard x-ray pump-probe schemes with varying photon energy separations have been proposed. Simulations indicate that more than 109 photons on the sample per pulse-pair and up to about 10% photon energy separation can be achieved in the hard X-ray region using the SDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Lu
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - B Friedrich
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Noll
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - J Hallmann
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G Ansaldi
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T Roth
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Serkez
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G Geloni
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Madsen
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Eisebitt
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun Y, Decker FJ, Turner J, Song S, Robert A, Zhu D. Pulse intensity characterization of the LCLS nanosecond double-bunch mode of operation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:642-649. [PMID: 29714175 PMCID: PMC5929352 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800348x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent demonstration of the `nanosecond double-bunch' operation mode, i.e. two X-ray pulses separated in time between 0.35 and hundreds of nanoseconds and by increments of 0.35 ns, offers new opportunities to investigate ultrafast dynamics in diverse systems of interest. However, in order to reach its full potential, this mode of operation requires the precise characterization of the intensity of each X-ray pulse within each pulse pair for any time separation. Here, a transmissive single-shot diagnostic that achieves this goal for time separations larger than 0.7 ns with a precision better than 5% is presented. It also provides real-time monitoring feedback to help tune the accelerator parameters to deliver double pulse intensity distributions optimized for specific experimental goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Physics Department, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gorobtsov OY, Mukharamova N, Lazarev S, Chollet M, Zhu D, Feng Y, Kurta RP, Meijer JM, Williams G, Sikorski M, Song S, Dzhigaev D, Serkez S, Singer A, Petukhov AV, Vartanyants IA. Diffraction based Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry at a hard x-ray free-electron laser. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2219. [PMID: 29396400 PMCID: PMC5797123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide extremely bright and highly spatially coherent x-ray radiation with femtosecond pulse duration. Currently, they are widely used in biology and material science. Knowledge of the XFEL statistical properties during an experiment may be vitally important for the accurate interpretation of the results. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry performed in diffraction mode at an XFEL source. It allowed us to determine the XFEL statistical properties directly from the Bragg peaks originating from colloidal crystals. This approach is different from the traditional one when HBT interferometry is performed in the direct beam without a sample. Our analysis has demonstrated nearly full (80%) global spatial coherence of the XFEL pulses and an average pulse duration on the order of ten femtoseconds for the monochromatized beam, which is significantly shorter than expected from the electron bunch measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Yu Gorobtsov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Mukharamova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Chollet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - D Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - Y Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - R P Kurta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J-M Meijer
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - G Williams
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 53 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Sikorski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - D Dzhigaev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Serkez
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Singer
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - A V Petukhov
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - I A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|