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Sun J, Song W, Chang Y, Wang Y, Lu T, Zhang Z. OsLMP1, Encoding a Deubiquitinase, Regulates the Immune Response in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814465. [PMID: 35116051 PMCID: PMC8805587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants have become an effective material for understanding plant-microbe interactions and the immune mechanism in plants. Although many mechanisms responsible for the lesion mimic phenotype have been clarified in plants, the mechanism by which lesion mimic is regulated by posttranslational modification remained largely elusive, especially in rice. In this study, a mutant with the lesion mimic phenotype was obtained and named lmp1-1. Physiological measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the defense response was activated in the mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed that the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) pathway was activated in the mutant, causing the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). The results of mapping based cloning showed that OsLMP1 encodes a deubiquitinase. OsLMP1 can cleave ubiquitination precursors. Furthermore, OsLMP1 epigenetically modifies SA synthetic pathway genes by deubiquitinating H2B and regulates the immune response in rice. In summary, this study deepens our understanding of the function of OsLMP1 in the plant immune response and provides further insight into the relationship between plants and pathogenic microorganisms.
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Zhang Z, Cui X, Wang Y, Wu J, Gu X, Lu T. The RNA Editing Factor WSP1 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:86-98. [PMID: 27622591 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORFs) in the plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana have been extensively studied, molecular details underlying how MORFs affect plant development in other species, particularly in rice, remain largely unknown. Here we describe the characterization of wsp1, a rice mutant with white-stripe leaves and panicles. Notably, wsp1 exhibited nearly white immature panicles at the heading stage. Transmission electron microscopy analysis and chlorophyll content measurement revealed a chloroplast developmental defect and reduced chlorophyll accumulation in wsp1. Positional cloning of WSP1 found a point mutation in Os04g51280, whose putative product shares high sequence similarity with MORF proteins. Complementation experiments demonstrated that WSP1 was responsible for the variegated phenotypes of wsp1. WSP1 is localized to chloroplasts and the point mutation in wsp1 affected the editing of multiple organellar RNA sites. Owing to the defect in plastid RNA editing, chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and ndhA splicing were also impaired in wsp1, which may affect normal chloroplast development in the leaves and panicles at the heading stage. Together, our results demonstrate the importance of rice WSP1 protein in chloroplast development and broaden our knowledge about MORF family members in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuean Cui
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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Johnston HJ, Mouras R, Brown DM, Elfick A, Stone V. Exploring the cellular and tissue uptake of nanomaterials in a range of biological samples using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:505102. [PMID: 26584818 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/50/505102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of nanomaterials (NMs) by cells is critical in determining their potential biological impact, whether beneficial or detrimental. Thus, investigation of NM internalization by cells is a common consideration in hazard and efficacy studies. There are currently a number of approaches that are routinely used to investigate NM-cell interactions, each of which have their own advantages and limitations. Ideally, imaging modalities used to investigate NM uptake by cells should not require the NM to be labelled (e.g. with fluorophores) to facilitate its detection. We present a multimodal imaging approach employing a combination of label-free microscopies that can be used to investigate NM-cell interactions. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy was used in combination with either two-photon photoluminescence or four-wave mixing (FWM) to visualize the uptake of gold or titanium dioxide NMs respectively. Live and fixed cell imaging revealed that NMs were internalized by J774 macrophage and C3A hepatocyte cell lines (15-31 μg ml(-1)). Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to NMs (intratracheal instillation, 62 μg) and NMs were detected in blood and lung leucocytes, lung and liver tissue, demonstrating that NMs could translocate from the exposure site. Obtained data illustrate that multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy may help overcome current challenges in the assessment of NM cellular uptake and biodistribution. It is therefore a powerful tool that can be used to investigate unlabelled NM cellular and tissue uptake in three dimensions, requires minimal sample preparation, and is applicable to live and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinor J Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Elsaesser A, Taylor A, de Yanés GS, McKerr G, Kim EM, O’Hare E, Howard CV. Quantification of nanoparticle uptake by cells using microscopical and analytical techniques. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1447-57. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of nanoparticles in biological systems (i.e., cells, tissues and organs) is becoming a vital part of nanotoxicological and nanomedical fields. Dose is a key parameter when assessing behavior and any potential risk of nanomaterials. Various techniques for nanoparticle quantification in cells and tissues already exist but will need further development in order to make measurements reliable, reproducible and intercomparable between different techniques. Microscopy allows detection and location of nanoparticles in cells and has been used extensively in recent years to characterize nanoparticles and their pathways in living systems. Besides microscopical techniques (light microscopy and electron microscopy mainly), analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, an established technique in trace element analysis, have been used in nanoparticle research. Other techniques require ‘labeled’ particles, fluorescently, radioactively or magnetically. However, these techniques lack spatial resolution and subcellular localization is not possible. To date, only electron microscopy offers the resolving power to determine accumulation of nanoparticles in cells due to its ability to image particles individually. So-called super-resolution light microscopy techniques are emerging to provide sufficient resolution on the light microscopy level to image or ‘see’ particles as individual particles. Nevertheless, all microscopy techniques require statistically sound sampling strategies in order to provide quantitative results. Stereology is a well-known sampling technique in various areas and, in combination with electron microscopy, proves highly successful with regard to quantification of nanoparticle uptake by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elsaesser
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
| | - Gesa Staats de Yanés
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
| | - George McKerr
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
| | - Eun-Mee Kim
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Eugene O’Hare
- School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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