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Yoon Y, Shin H, Byun D, Woo J, Cho Y, Choi N, Cho IJ. Neural probe system for behavioral neuropharmacology by bi-directional wireless drug delivery and electrophysiology in socially interacting mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5521. [PMID: 36130965 PMCID: PMC9492903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the neurological and behavioral effects of drugs is important in developing pharmacological treatments, as well as understanding the mechanisms associated with neurological disorders. Herein, we present a miniaturized, wireless neural probe system with the capability of delivering drugs for the real-time investigation of the effects of the drugs on both behavioral and neural activities in socially interacting mice. We demonstrate wireless drug delivery and simultaneous monitoring of the resulting neural, behavioral changes, as well as the dose-dependent and repeatable responses to drugs. Furthermore, in pairs of mice, we use a food competition assay in which social interaction was modulated by the delivery of the drug, and the resulting changes in their neural activities are analyzed. During modulated food competition by drug injection, we observe changes in neural activity in mPFC region of a participating mouse over time. Our system may provide new opportunities for the development of studying the effects of drugs on behaviour and neural activity. Technologies for monitoring electrophysiological effects of drugs in behaving animals have limitations. Here the authors report a wireless neural probe system with drug delivery capability for real-time monitoring of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousang Yoon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Byun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Vėbraitė I, David-Pur M, Rand D, Głowacki ED, Hanein Y. Electrophysiological investigation of intact retina with soft printed organic neural interface. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34736225 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac36ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Understanding how the retina converts a natural image or an electrically stimulated one into neural firing patterns is the focus of on-going research activities.Ex vivo, the retina can be readily investigated using multi electrode arrays (MEAs). However, MEA recording and stimulation from an intact retina (in the eye) has been so far insufficient.Approach.In the present study, we report new soft carbon electrode arrays suitable for recording and stimulating neural activity in an intact retina. Screen-printing of carbon ink on 20µm polyurethane (PU) film was used to realize electrode arrays with electrodes as small as 40µm in diameter. Passivation was achieved with a holey membrane, realized using laser drilling in a thin (50µm) PU film. Plasma polymerized 3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene was used to coat the electrode array to improve the electrode specific capacitance. Chick retinas, embryonic stage day 13, both explanted and intact inside an enucleated eye, were used.Main results.A novel fabrication process based on printed carbon electrodes was developed and yielded high capacitance electrodes on a soft substrate.Ex vivoelectrical recording of retina activity with carbon electrodes is demonstrated. With the addition of organic photo-capacitors, simultaneous photo-electrical stimulation and electrical recording was achieved. Finally, electrical activity recordings from an intact chick retina (inside enucleated eyes) were demonstrated. Both photosensitive retinal ganglion cell responses and spontaneous retina waves were recorded and their features analyzed.Significance.Results of this study demonstrated soft electrode arrays with unique properties, suitable for simultaneous recording and photo-electrical stimulation of the retina at high fidelity. This novel electrode technology opens up new frontiers in the study of neural tissuein vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vėbraitė
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 699780, Israel
| | - Moshe David-Pur
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 699780, Israel
| | - David Rand
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 699780, Israel
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 699780, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 699780, Israel
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Kim J, Shin H, Kweon SJ, Lee S, Ha S, Je M. A Scalable Readout IC Based on Wideband Noise Cancelling for Full-Rate Scanning of High-Density Microelectrode Arrays. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:7344-7347. [PMID: 34892794 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a highly scalable readout IC for high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Although the recent development of large-scale high-density MEAs provides opportunities to achieve sub-cellular neural recording over a wide network area, it is challenging to implement the readout IC that can operate with such MEAs. The requirement of high-speed recording in large-scale arrays induces wideband-noise folding, which makes it challenging to achieve a good noise performance for high-fidelity neural recording. Moreover, for the wideband readout, the major noise contributor changes from the readout circuit to the cell-electrode interface. In this paper, we first show why the interface noise becomes the dominant noise source and elucidate its component that contributes the most: sealing resistance. Then, we propose a new readout circuit structure, which can effectively cancel the wideband interface noise. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio of input neural spike signals is improved dramatically in all cell-attachment or sealing conditions. Particularly, it is shown that under weakly sealed conditions, the spikes can be detected only when the proposed wideband noise cancellation technique is applied.
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Mierzejewski M, Steins H, Kshirsagar P, Jones PD. The noise and impedance of microelectrodes. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:052001. [PMID: 33055360 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb3b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the positive correlation between impedance and noise of microelectrodes is well known, their quantitative relationship is too rarely described. Knowledge of this relationship provides useful information for both microsystems engineers and electrophysiologists. APPROACH We discuss the physical basis of noise in recordings with microelectrodes, and compare measurements of impedance spectra to noise of microelectrodes. MAIN RESULTS Microelectrode recordings intrinsically include thermal noise, [Formula: see text], with the real component of impedance integrated over the recording frequency band. Impedance spectroscopy allows the quantitative prediction of thermal noise. Optimization of microelectrode noise should also consider the contribution of amplifier noise. These measures enable a quantitative evaluation of microelectrodes' recording quality which is more informative than common but limited comparisons based on the impedance magnitude at 1 kHz. SIGNIFICANCE Improved understanding of the origin of microelectrode noise will support efforts to produce smaller yet low noise microelectrodes, capable of recording from higher numbers of neurons. This tutorial is relevant for single microelectrodes, tetrodes, neural probes and microelectrode arrays, whether used in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mierzejewski
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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Viswam V, Obien M, Frey U, Franke F, Hierlemann A. Acquisition of Bioelectrical Signals with Small Electrodes. IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE : HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY : [PROCEEDINGS]. IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:1-4. [PMID: 29780971 DOI: 10.1109/biocas.2017.8325216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of recording bioelectrical signals from different types of electrogenic cells (neurons, cardiac cells etc.) by means of planar metal electrodes have been extensively studied, the recording characteristics and conditions for very small electrode sizes are not yet established. Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to elucidate, how the electrode size influences the recorded signals, and how inherent properties of the electrode, such as impedance, noise, and transmission characteristics shape the signal. We demonstrate that good quality recordings can be achieved with electrode diameters of less than 10 µm, provided that impedance reduction measures have been implemented and provided that a set of requirements for signal amplification has been met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswam
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Obien
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland.,MaxWell Biosystems AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland.,MaxWell Biosystems AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Franke
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
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Guo J, Yuan J, Chan M. Modeling of the cell-electrode interface noise for microelectrode arrays. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2012; 6:605-613. [PMID: 23853261 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2012.2189569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrodes are widely used in the physiological recording of cell field potentials. As microelectrode signals are generally in the μV range, characteristics of the cell-electrode interface are important to the recording accuracy. Although the impedance of the microelectrode-solution interface has been well studied and modeled in the past, no effective model has been experimentally verified to estimate the noise of the cell-electrode interface. Also in existing interface models, spectral information is largely disregarded. In this work, we developed a model for estimating the noise of the cell-electrode interface from interface impedances. This model improves over existing noise models by including the cell membrane capacitor and frequency dependent impedances. With low-noise experiment setups, this model is verified by microelectrode array (MEA) experiments with mouse muscle myoblast cells. Experiments show that the noise estimated from this model has <;10% error, which is much less than estimations from existing models. With this model, noise of the cell-electrode interface can be estimated by simply measuring interface impedances. This model also provides insights for micro- electrode design to achieve good recording signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Pradhan R, Mitra A, Das S. Characterization of Electrode/Electrolyte Interface of ECIS Devices. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Joye N, Schmid A, Leblebici Y. Electrical modeling of the cell–electrode interface for recording neural activity from high-density microelectrode arrays. Neurocomputing 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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