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Tyagi AM. Mechanism of action of gut microbiota and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on skeletal remodeling in mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e440. [PMID: 37505196 PMCID: PMC10782069 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbiota (GM) is the collection of small organisms such as bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages and protozoans living in the intestine in symbiotics relation within their host. GM regulates host metabolism by various mechanisms. METHODS This review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the effect of GM on bone health. For this, an online search of the literature was conducted using the keywords gut microbiota, bone mass, osteoporosis, Lactobacillus and sex steroid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is a considerable degree of variation in bone mineral density (BMD) within populations, and it is estimated that a significant component of BMD variability is due to genetics. However, the remaining causes of bone mass variance within populations remain largely unknown. A well-recognized cause of phenotypic variation in bone mass is the composition of the microbiome. Studies have shown that germ-free (GF) mice have higher bone mass compared to conventionally raised (CR) mice. Furthermore, GM dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is defined as any alteration in the composition of the microbial community that has been colonized in the host intestine and associated with the development of bone diseases. For instance, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and diabetes. GM can be modulated by several factors such as genetics, age, drugs, food habits and probiotics. Probiotics are defined as viable bacteria that confer health benefits by modulating GM when administered in adequate quantity. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a great example of such a probiotic. LGG has been shown to regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as ovariectomized (OVX) mice via two different mechanisms. This review will focus on the literature regarding the mechanism by which GM and probiotic LGG regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as in OVX mice, a model of PMO.
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Yang H, Yu B, OUYang P, Li X, Lai X, Zhang G, Zhang H. Machine learning-aided risk prediction for metabolic syndrome based on 3 years study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2248. [PMID: 35145200 PMCID: PMC8831522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of physiological states of metabolic disorders, which may increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the onset of MetS and the corresponding risk factors. In this study, we investigate the risk prediction for MetS using a data set of 67,730 samples with physical examination records of three consecutive years provided by the Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, P.R. China. Specifically, the prediction for MetS takes the numerical features of examination records as well as the differential features by using the examination records over the past two consecutive years, namely, the differential numerical feature (DNF) and the differential state feature (DSF), and the risk factors of the above features w.r.t different ages and genders are statistically analyzed. From numerical results, it is shown that the proposed DSF in addition to the numerical feature of examination records, significantly contributes to the risk prediction of MetS. Additionally, the proposed scheme, by using the proposed features, yields a superior performance to the state-of-the-art MetS prediction model, which provides the potential of effective prescreening the occurrence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Yang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Electronics and Information Engineering, SCNU, Foshan, 528225, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Cardiovascular Individual Medicine & Big Data, SCNU, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baoxian Yu
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Electronics and Information Engineering, SCNU, Foshan, 528225, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Cardiovascular Individual Medicine & Big Data, SCNU, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ping OUYang
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Signal and Image Processing of Guangdong Provincial, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Electronics and Information Engineering, SCNU, Foshan, 528225, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Cardiovascular Individual Medicine & Big Data, SCNU, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Karavaev AS, Ishbulatov YM, Prokhorov MD, Ponomarenko VI, Kiselev AR, Runnova AE, Hramkov AN, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya OV, Kurths J, Penzel T. Simulating Dynamics of Circulation in the Awake State and Different Stages of Sleep Using Non-autonomous Mathematical Model With Time Delay. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612787. [PMID: 33519518 PMCID: PMC7838681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system. The model allows one to simulate the main heart rate, its variability under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, breathing process, and oscillations of blood pressure. For the first time, the model takes into account the activity of the cerebral cortex structures that modulate the autonomic control loops of blood circulation in the awake state and in various stages of sleep. The adequacy of the model is demonstrated by comparing its time series with experimental records of healthy subjects in the SIESTA database. The proposed model can become a useful tool for studying the characteristics of the cardiovascular system dynamics during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly S. Karavaev
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yurii M. Ishbulatov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail D. Prokhorov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Ponomarenko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton R. Kiselev
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anastasiia E. Runnova
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | | | | | - Jürgen Kurths
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Physics Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Research Department Complexity Science, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Smart Sleep Laboratory, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bhosale VV, Singh S, Srivastava M, Pathak P, Prakash S, Sonkar S, Misra AK, Misra R, Ghatak A. A case control study of clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome with special attention among young and middle aged population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2653-2659. [PMID: 31405690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and biochemical parameters of MS and its complications (cerebrovascular accidents, cardiovascular accidents, DN or chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy controls especially among the younger population in Northern India. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 245 (healthy, MS and it's complicated) aged 18-70 years participated in the Open-Label, Single Centered; hospital-based random selection case-control comparative study. All anthropometric and biochemical assessment was done after proper consent. The metabolic syndrome was determined by IDF criteria. RESULTS The key risk parameters in three groups i.e. Control, Metabolic syndrome, and Complicated was TG (96.5 ± 46.9, 194.1 ± 87.8, 148.0 ± 102.2). LDL (91.2 ± 27.2, 114.0 ± 31.8, 69.1 ± 42.5, BP (120.1 ± 9.9, 139.3 ± 13.3, 132.1 ± 15.0) and high fasting glucose (81.1 ± 13.7, 164.5 ± 84.3, 138.0 ± 74.5). The hs-CRP is also significantly increased in the complicated group. The subanalysis of data also indicates that younger middle age (36-55 years) group both male and female is obese, hypertensive, diabetic with lipid abnormality according to IDF criteria. CONCLUSION The risk factors like high TG, low HDL, high BP, and high fasting glucose were found higher particularly in younger population which may lead to diagnosis & complications of diabetes, hypertension and lipid abnormality. Due to changing physiology in young and middle age population these individuals are moving towards metabolic syndrome easily and needs frequent monitoring, preventive checkups, and lifestyle changes to prevent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek V Bhosale
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Shail Singh
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mukesh Srivastava
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Pathak
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shakti Prakash
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Satyendra Sonkar
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Arvind K Misra
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Ravi Misra
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Ashim Ghatak
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow, 226031, India
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Abnormalities in autonomic function in obese boys at-risk for insulin resistance and obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:790-798. [PMID: 30420708 PMCID: PMC6494692 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Current evidence in adults suggests that, independent of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to autonomic dysfunction and impaired glucose metabolism, but these relationships are less clear in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among OSA, glucose metabolism, and daytime autonomic function in obese pediatric subjects. METHODS Twenty-three obese boys participated in: overnight polysomnography; a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; and recordings of spontaneous cardiorespiratory data in both the supine (baseline) and standing (sympathetic stimulus) postures. RESULTS Baseline systolic blood pressure and reactivity of low-frequency heart rate variability to postural stress correlated with insulin resistance, increased fasting glucose, and reduced beta-cell function, but not OSA severity. Baroreflex sensitivity reactivity was reduced with sleep fragmentation, but only for subjects with low insulin sensitivity and/or low first-phase insulin response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that vascular sympathetic activity impairment is more strongly affected by metabolic dysfunction than by OSA severity, while blunted vagal autonomic function associated with sleep fragmentation in OSA is enhanced when metabolic dysfunction is also present.
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Cheng L, Wei GW, Leil T. Review of quantitative systems pharmacological modeling in thrombosis. COMMUNICATIONS IN INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2019; 19:219-240. [PMID: 34045928 DOI: 10.4310/cis.2019.v19.n3.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis and thrombosis are often thought as two sides of the same clotting mechanism whereas hemostasis is a natural protective mechanism to prevent bleeding and thrombosis is a blood clot abnormally formulated inside a blood vessel, blocking the normal blood flow. The evidence to date suggests that at least arterial thrombosis results from the same critical pathways of hemostasis. Analysis of these complex processes and pathways using quantitative systems pharmacological model-based approach can facilitate the delineation of the causal pathways that lead to the emergence of thrombosis. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with hemostasis and thrombosis, and review the models and quantitative system pharmacological modeling approaches that are relevant in characterizing the interplay among the multiple factors and pathways of thrombosis. An emphasis is given to computational models for drug development. Future trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Cheng
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Tarek Leil
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Nair AR, Mariappan N, Stull AJ, Francis J. Blueberry supplementation attenuates oxidative stress within monocytes and modulates immune cell levels in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2018; 8:4118-4128. [PMID: 29019365 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries (BB) have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in obese and pre-diabetic humans, and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, and ameliorate cardio-renal damage in rodents. This indicates that blueberries have a systemic effect and are not limited to a particular organ system. In order for blueberries to exert beneficial effects on the whole body, the mechanism would logically have to operate through modulation of cellular humoral factors. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of blueberries in modulating immune cell levels and attenuating circulatory and monocyte inflammation and oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study was conducted in adults with MetS, in which they received a blueberry (22.5 g freeze-dried) or placebo smoothie twice daily for six weeks. Free radical production in the whole blood and monocytes, dendritic cell (DC) levels, expression of cytokines in monocytes and serum inflammatory markers were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Baseline free radical levels in MetS subjects' samples were not different between groups. Treatment with blueberries markedly decreased superoxide and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in whole blood and monocytes compared to the placebo (p ≤ 0.05). The baseline DC numbers in MetS subjects' samples in both groups were not different, however treatment with blueberries significantly increased myeloid DC (p ≤ 0.05) and had no effect on plasmacytoid cells. Blueberry treatment decreased monocyte gene expression of TNFα, IL-6, TLR4 and reduced serum GMCSF in MetS subjects when compared to the placebo treatment (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study demonstrate that blueberries exert immunomodulatory effects and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in adults with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand R Nair
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Castaneda A, Jauregui-Maldonado E, Ratnani I, Varon J, Surani S. Correlation between metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:66-71. [PMID: 29765510 PMCID: PMC5951892 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i4.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The so-called “metabolic syndrome” (MS), constitutes a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, including fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and waist circumference that arise from insulin resistance. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, involving cessation or significant decreased airflow, with intermittent hypoxemia, frequent arousals from sleep and recurrent oxyhemoglobin desaturations that interfere with normal sleep patterns generating difficulty falling asleep, unrefreshing sleep and loud snoring. The relation between these two entities is known as “Syndrome Z”, and there is no question about the impact of these risk factors on health and disease. This clinical condition presents a growing epidemic Worldwide, affecting approximately 60% of the general population with both MS and OSA due to the constant increase of body mass index in humans. This article presents evidence-based data that focuses on the direct relationship between MS and OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqbal Ratnani
- DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Joseph Varon
- Department of Acute and Continuing Care. The University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Texas A and M University, Health Science Center, Corpus Christi, TX 78404, United States
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Del Rio R, Quintanilla RA, Orellana JA, Retamal MA. Neuron-Glia Crosstalk in the Autonomic Nervous System and Its Possible Role in the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome: A New Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:350. [PMID: 26648871 PMCID: PMC4664731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by the following physiological alterations: increase in abdominal fat, insulin resistance, high concentration of triglycerides, low levels of HDL, high blood pressure, and a generalized inflammatory state. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of this syndrome is the presence of neurohumoral activation, which involve autonomic imbalance associated to hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. Indeed, enhanced sympathetic drive has been linked to the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarct, and obstructive sleep apnea. Glial cells, the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, control synaptic transmission, and regulate neuronal function by releasing bioactive molecules called gliotransmitters. Recently, a new family of plasma membrane channels called hemichannels has been described to allow the release of gliotransmitters and modulate neuronal firing rate. Moreover, a growing amount of evidence indicates that uncontrolled hemichannel opening could impair glial cell functions, affecting synaptic transmission and neuronal survival. Given that glial cell functions are disturbed in various metabolic diseases, we hypothesize that progression of MS may relies on hemichannel-dependent impairment of glial-to-neuron communication by a mechanism related to dysfunction of inflammatory response and mitochondrial metabolism of glial cells. In this manuscript, we discuss how glial cells may contribute to the enhanced sympathetic drive observed in MS, and shed light about the possible role of hemichannels in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Del Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Científica del Sur Lima, Perú
| | | | - Juan A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
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Joseph BK, Liu HY, Francisco J, Pandya D, Donigan M, Gallo-Ebert C, Giordano C, Bata A, Nickels JT. Inhibition of AMP Kinase by the Protein Phosphatase 2A Heterotrimer, PP2APpp2r2d. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10588-98. [PMID: 25694423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP kinase is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates a number of metabolic processes, including lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. AMP kinase activity is regulated by phosphorylation, and the kinases involved have been uncovered. The particular phosphatases counteracting these kinases remain elusive. Here we discovered that the protein phosphatase 2A heterotrimer, PP2A(Ppp2r2d), regulates the phosphorylation state of AMP kinase by dephosphorylating Thr-172, a residue that activates kinase activity when phosphorylated. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies indicated that PP2A(Ppp2r2d) directly interacted with AMP kinase. PP2A(Ppp2r2d) dephosphorylated Thr-172 in rat aortic and human vascular smooth muscle cells. A positive correlation existed between decreased phosphorylation, decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acc1 phosphorylation, and sterol response element-binding protein 1c-dependent gene expression. PP2A(Ppp2r2d) protein expression was up-regulated in the aortas of mice fed a high fat diet, and the increased expression correlated with increased blood lipid levels. Finally, we found that the aortas of mice fed a high fat diet had decreased AMP kinase Thr-172 phosphorylation, and contained an Ampk-PP2A(Ppp2r2d) complex. Thus, PP2A(Ppp2r2d) may antagonize the aortic AMP kinase activity necessary for maintaining normal aortic lipid metabolism. Inhibiting PP2A(Ppp2r2d) or activating AMP kinase represents a potential pharmacological treatment for many lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Bata
- Invivotek, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691
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Nair AR, Elks CM, Vila J, Del Piero F, Paulsen DB, Francis J. A blueberry-enriched diet improves renal function and reduces oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome animals: potential mechanism of TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111976. [PMID: 25372283 PMCID: PMC4221362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of health factors that indicate a higher risk for cardio-renal diseases. Recent evidence indicates that antioxidants from berries are alternative to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation-induced renal damage is triggered by the activation of TLR4, and subsequent modulation of redox-sensitive molecules and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Methods Five-week old lean and obese Zucker rats (LZR and OZR) were fed a blueberry-enriched diet or an isocaloric control diet for 15 weeks. A glucose tolerance test and acute renal clearance experiments were performed. Gene and protein expression levels for TLR4, cytokines and phosphorylation of ERK and p38MAPK were measured. Kidney redox status and urinary albumin levels were quantified. Renal pathology was evaluated histologically. Results Control OZR exhibited lower glucose tolerance; exacerbated renal function parameters; increased oxidative stress. Gene and protein expression levels of TLR4 were higher and this was accompanied by increased renal pathology with extensive albuminuria and deterioration in antioxidant levels in OZR. In addition, OZR had increased phosphorylation of ERK and p38MAPK. Blueberry-fed OZR exhibited significant improvements in all these parameters compared to OZR. Conclusion TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway is a key to the renal structural injury and dysfunction in MetS and blueberry (BB) protect against this damage by inhibiting TLR4. Significance This is the first study to put forth a potential mechanism of TLR4-induced kidney damage in a model of MetS and to elucidate a downstream mechanism by which blueberry exert their reno-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand R. Nair
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Carrie M. Elks
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jorge Vila
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Paulsen
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Foddai M, Kasabri V, Afifi FU, Azara E, Petretto GL, Pintore G. In vitro inhibitory effects of SardinianPistacia lentiscusL. andPistacia terebinthusL. on metabolic enzymes: Pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordan
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordan
| | - Emanuela Azara
- National Research Center; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; Sassari Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
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13
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Rice LM, Donigan M, Yang M, Liu W, Pandya D, Joseph BK, Sodi V, Gearhart TL, Yip J, Bouchard M, Nickels JT. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates low density lipoprotein uptake through regulating sterol response element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) DNA binding. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17268-79. [PMID: 24770487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) uptake by Ldlr is regulated at the transcriptional level by the cleavage-dependent activation of membrane-associated sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP-2). Activated SREBP-2 translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to an LDLR promoter sterol response element (SRE), increasing LDLR gene expression and LDL-C uptake. SREBP-2 cleavage and translocation steps are well established. Several SREBP-2 phosphorylation sites have been mapped and functionally characterized. The phosphatases dephosphorylating these sites remain elusive. The phosphatase(s) regulating SREBP-2 represents a novel pharmacological target for treating hypercholesterolemia. Here we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) promotes SREBP-2 LDLR promoter binding in response to cholesterol depletion. No binding to an LDLR SRE was observed in the presence of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, lovastatin, when PP2A activity was inhibited by okadaic acid or depleted by siRNA methods. SREBP-2 cleavage and nuclear translocation were not affected by loss of PP2A. PP2A activity was required for SREBP-2 DNA binding. In response to cholesterol depletion, PP2A directly interacted with SREBP-2 and altered its phosphorylation state, causing an increase in SREBP-2 binding to an LDLR SRE site. Increased binding resulted in induced LDLR gene expression and increased LDL uptake. We conclude that PP2A activity regulates cholesterol homeostasis and LDL-C uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Donigan
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | - Muhua Yang
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | - Weidong Liu
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | - Devanshi Pandya
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | - Biny K Joseph
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | | | - Tricia L Gearhart
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Jenny Yip
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
| | - Michael Bouchard
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Joseph T Nickels
- the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691 and
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14
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Foddai M, Kasabri V, Petretto GL, Azara E, Sias A, Afifi FU, Delogu G, Chessa M, Pintore G. In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Limonium contortirameum and L. virgatum Extracts from Sardinia on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), α-amylase and α-glucosidase are interesting pharmacological targets for the management of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity-diabetes. Limonium spp (Plumbaginaceae) are endemic to Sardinia, Italy. Comparable with acarbose, aqueous extracts (AE) of L. contortirameum and L. virgatum, and their phytoconstituent gallic acid concentration gradients (mg/mL) were identified as in vitro potent ( p<0.001, n=3) and efficacious dual inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with respective IC50 (mg/mL) values of 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 0.15 ± 0.02. Equivalent to orlistat (PL IC50 of 0.114 ± 0.004 μg/mL), L. contortirameum, L. virgatum AE and their phytoprinciple gallic acid inhibited PL substantially ( p<0.001, n=3) in a dose-dependent manner in vitro with PL- IC50 (μg/mL) of 920.4 ± 105.2, 593.1 ± 56.8 and 8.4 ± 0.9, respectively. LC-MS analysis of extracts revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in their aglycon and glycoside forms. These are catechins, flavones, epigallocatechins and flavonols. Flavonoid- and polyphenol-rich L contortirameum and L. virgatum, modulating gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid digestion and absorption, may be advocated as candidates for obesity-diabetes prevention and phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Giacomo L. Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Azara
- National Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sias
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- National Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Chessa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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