Dual Adversarial Attention Mechanism for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentation

MEF-UNet: An end-to-end ultrasound image segmentation algorithm based on multi-scale feature extraction and fusion

Ultrasound image segmentation is a challenging task due to the complexity of lesion types, fuzzy boundaries, and low-contrast images along with the presence of noises and artifacts. To address these issues, we propose an end-to-end multi-scale feature extraction and fusion network (MEF-UNet) for the automatic segmentation of ultrasound images. Specifically, we first design a selective feature extraction encoder, including detail extraction stage and structure extraction stage, to precisely capture the edge details and overall shape features of the lesions. In order to enhance the representation capacity of contextual information, we develop a context information storage module in the skip-connection section, responsible for integrating information from adjacent two-layer feature maps. In addition, we design a multi-scale feature fusion module in the decoder section to merge feature maps with different scales. Experimental results indicate that our MEF-UNet can significantly improve the segmentation results in both quantitative analysis and visual effects.

Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectives

Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks in medical imaging. However, these approaches primarily focus on supervised learning, assuming that the training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution. Unfortunately, this assumption may not always hold true in practice. To address these issues, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) techniques have been developed to transfer knowledge from a labeled domain to a related but unlabeled domain. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in UDA, resulting in a wide range of methodologies, including feature alignment, image translation, self-supervision, and disentangled representation methods, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive literature review of recent deep UDA approaches in medical imaging from a technical perspective. Specifically, we categorize current UDA research in medical imaging into six groups and further divide them into finer subcategories based on the different tasks they perform. We also discuss the respective datasets used in the studies to assess the divergence between the different domains. Finally, we discuss emerging areas and provide insights and discussions on future research directions to conclude this survey.

Pathogenomics for accurate diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of oncology: a cutting edge overview

The capability to gather heterogeneous data, alongside the increasing power of artificial intelligence to examine it, leading a revolution in harnessing multimodal data in the life sciences. However, most approaches are limited to unimodal data, leaving integrated approaches across modalities relatively underdeveloped in computational pathology. Pathogenomics, as an invasive method to integrate advanced molecular diagnostics from genomic data, morphological information from histopathological imaging, and codified clinical data enable the discovery of new multimodal cancer biomarkers to propel the field of precision oncology in the coming decade. In this perspective, we offer our opinions on synthesizing complementary modalities of data with emerging multimodal artificial intelligence methods in pathogenomics. It includes correlation between the pathological and genomic profile of cancer, fusion of histology, and genomics profile of cancer. We also present challenges, opportunities, and avenues for future work.

Unsupervised deep consistency learning adaptation network for cardiac cross-modality structural segmentation

Deep neural networks have recently been succeessful in the field of medical image segmentation; however, they are typically subject to performance degradation problems when well-trained models are tested in another new domain with different data distributions. Given that annotated cross-domain images may inaccessible, unsupervised domain adaptation methods that transfer learnable information from annotated source domains to unannotated target domains with different distributions have attracted substantial attention. Many methods leverage image-level or pixel-level translation networks to align domain-invariant information and mitigate domain shift issues. However, These methods rarely perform well when there is a large domain gap. A new unsupervised deep consistency learning adaptation network, which adopts input space consistency learning and output space consistency learning to realize unsupervised domain adaptation and cardiac structural segmentation, is introduced in this paper The framework mainly includes a domain translation path and a cross-modality segmentation path. In domain translation path, a symmetric alignment generator network with attention to cross-modality features and anatomy is introduced to align bidirectional domain features. In the segmentation path, entropy map minimization, output probability map minimization and segmentation prediction minimization are leveraged to align the output space features. The model conducts supervised learning to extract source domain features and conducts unsupervised deep consistency learning to extract target domain features. Through experimental testing on two challenging cross-modality segmentation tasks, our method has robust performance compared to that of previous methods. Furthermore, ablation experiments are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of our framework.