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Fibronectin-Enriched Biomaterials, Biofunctionalization, and Proactivity: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112412111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modern innovation in reconstructive medicine implies the proposition of material-based strategies suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. The development of such systems necessitates the design of advanced materials and the control of their interactions with their surrounding cellular and molecular microenvironments. Biomaterials must actively engage cellular matter to direct and modulate biological responses at implant sites and beyond. Indeed, it is essential that a true dialogue exists between the implanted device and the cells. Biomaterial engineering implies the knowledge and control of cell fate considering the globality of the adhesion process, from initial cell attachment to differentiation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex microenvironment able to meet these essential needs to establish a relationship between the material and the contacting cells. The ECM exhibits specific physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics. Considering the complexity, heterogeneity, and versatility of ECM actors, fibronectin (Fn) has emerged among the ECM protagonists as the most pertinent representative key actor. The following review focuses on and synthesizes the research supporting the potential to use Fn in biomaterial functionalization to mimic the ECM and enhance cell–material interactions.
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Vannozzi L, Gouveia P, Pingue P, Canale C, Ricotti L. Novel Ultrathin Films Based on a Blend of PEG- b-PCL and PLLA and Doped with ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21398-21410. [PMID: 32302103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel nanofilm type is proposed based on a blend of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) methyl ether (PEG-b-PCL) and poly(l-lactic acid), doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL). All nanofilm types were featured by a thickness value of ∼500 nm. Increasing ZnO NP concentrations implied larger roughness values (∼22 nm for the bare nanofilm and ∼67 nm for the films with 10 mg/mL of NPs), larger piezoelectricity (average d33 coefficient for the film up to ∼1.98 pm/V), and elastic modulus: the nanofilms doped with 1 and 10 mg/mL of NPs were much stiffer than the nondoped controls and nanofilms doped with 0.1 mg/mL of NPs. The ZnO NP content was also directly proportional to the material melting point and crystallinity and inversely proportional to the material degradation rate, thus highlighting the stabilization role of ZnO particles. In vitro tests were carried out with cells of the musculoskeletal apparatus (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and myoblasts). All cell types showed good adhesion and viability on all substrate formulations. Interestingly, a higher content of ZnO NPs in the matrix demonstrated higher bioactivity, boosting the metabolic activity of fibroblasts, myoblasts, and chondrocytes and enhancing the osteogenic and myogenic differentiation. These findings demonstrated the potential of these nanocomposite matrices for regenerative medicine applications, such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Liberta 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Gouveia
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Pasqualantonio Pingue
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Liberta 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Gand A, Tabuteau M, Chat C, Ladam G, Atmani H, Van Tassel PR, Pauthe E. Fibronectin-based multilayer thin films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:313-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Silva JM, Reis RL, Mano JF. Biomimetic Extracellular Environment Based on Natural Origin Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4308-42. [PMID: 27435905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterials is a well-known approach to enable an adequate biointerface between the implant and the surrounding tissue, dictating the initial acceptance or rejection of the implantable device. Since its discovery in early 1990s layer-by-layer (LbL) approaches have become a popular and attractive technique to functionalize the biomaterials surface and also engineering various types of objects such as capsules, hollow tubes, and freestanding membranes in a controllable and versatile manner. Such versatility enables the incorporation of different nanostructured building blocks, including natural biopolymers, which appear as promising biomimetic multilayered systems due to their similarity to human tissues. In this review, the potential of natural origin polymer-based multilayers is highlighted in hopes of a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its use as building blocks of LbL assembly. A deep overview on the recent progresses achieved in the design, fabrication, and applications of natural origin multilayered films is provided. Such films may lead to novel biomimetic approaches for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, implantable devices, cell-based biosensors, diagnostic systems, and basic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Silva
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Sun M, Deng J, Tang Z, Wu J, Li D, Chen H, Gao C. A correlation study of protein adsorption and cell behaviors on substrates with different densities of PEG chains. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chondrocyte Behavior on Micropatterns Fabricated Using Layer-by-Layer Lift-Off: Morphological Analysis. J Med Eng 2013; 2013:560328. [PMID: 27006918 PMCID: PMC4782616 DOI: 10.1155/2013/560328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell patterning has emerged as an elegant tool in developing cellular arrays, bioreactors, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices and for use in engineering neotissue for repair or regeneration. In this study, micropatterned surfaces were created using the layer-by-layer lift-off (LbL-LO) method for analyzing canine chondrocytes response to patterned substrates. Five materials were chosen based on our previous studies. These included: poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), collagen, and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The substrates were patterned with these five different materials, in five and ten bilayers, resulting in the following multilayer nanofilm architectures: (PSS/PDDA)5, (PSS/PDDA)10; (CS/PEI)4/CS, (CS/PEI)9/CS; (PSS/PEI)5, (PSS/PEI)10; (PSS/Collagen)5, (PSS/Collagen)10; (PSS/PEI)4/PSS, (PSS/PEI)9/PSS. Cell characterization studies were used to assess the viability, longevity, and cellular response to the configured patterned multilayer architectures. The cumulative cell characterization data suggests that cell viability, longevity, and functionality were enhanced on micropatterned PEI, PSS, collagen, and CS multilayer nanofilms suggesting their possible use in biomedical applications.
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Shaik J, Shaikh Mohammed J, McShane MJ, Mills DK. In vitro evaluation of chondrosarcoma cells and canine chondrocytes on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled multilayer nanofilms. Biofabrication 2012; 5:015004. [PMID: 23220789 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Short-term cell-substrate interactions of two secondary chondrocyte cell lines (human chondrosarcoma cells, canine chondrocytes) with layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer nanofilms were investigated for a better understanding of cellular-behaviour dependence on a number of nanofilm layers. Cell-substrate interactions were studied on polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms (PMNs) of eleven different biomaterials. Surface characterization of PMNs performed using AFM showed increasing surface roughness with increasing number of layers for most of the biomaterials. LDH-L and MTT assays were performed on chondrosarcoma cells and canine chondrocytes, respectively. A major observation was that 10-bilayer nanofilms exhibited lesser cytotoxicity towards human chondrosarcoma cells than their 5-bilayer counterparts. In the case of canine chondrocytes, BSA enhanced cell metabolic activity with increasing number of layers, underscoring the importance of the multilayer nanofilm architecture on cellular behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shaik
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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Ricotti L, Taccola S, Bernardeschi I, Pensabene V, Dario P, Menciassi A. Quantification of growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells on PSS–PAH-based polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer nanofilms. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:031001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shukla P, Gupta G, Singodia D, Shukla R, Verma AK, Dwivedi P, Kansal S, Mishra PR. Emerging trend in nano-engineered polyelectrolyte-based surrogate carriers for delivery of bioactives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:993-1011. [PMID: 20716016 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.510830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In recent decades a new colloidal drug delivery system based on layer-by-layer (LbL) technology has emerged, which offers promising means of delivering bioactive agents, specifically biological macromolecules including peptides and DNA. Nano-engineered capsules specifically fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable polyelectrolytes (PEs) can provide a better option for encapsulation of cells thereby protecting cells from immunological molecules in the body, and their selective permeability can ensure the survival of encapsulated cells. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review encompasses a strategic approach to fabricate nano-engineered microcapsules through meticulous selection of polyelectrolytes and core materials based on LbL technology. The content of the article provides evidence for its wide array of applications in medical therapeutics, as indicated by the quantity of research and patents in this area. Recent developments and approaches for tuning drug release, biocompatibility and cellular interaction are discussed thoroughly. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review aims to provide an overview on the development of LbL capsules with specific orientation towards drug and macromolecular delivery and its integration with other drug delivery systems, such as liposomes. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Selection of PEs for the fabrication of LbL microcapsules has a profound effect on stability, drug release, biocompatibility and encapsulation efficacy. The release can be easily modulated by varying different physicochemical as well as physiological conditions. Scale-up approaches for the fabrication of LbL microcapsules by means of automation must be considered to improve the possibility of application of LbL microcapsules on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shukla
- Central Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutis Division, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Boudou T, Crouzier T, Ren K, Blin G, Picart C. Multiple functionalities of polyelectrolyte multilayer films: new biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:441-67. [PMID: 20217734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of advanced functional materials with nanometer- and micrometer-scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer-by-layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under "mild" conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra-cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio-temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design "reservoirs," as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell "niches."
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boudou
- Grenoble-INP, LMGP-MINATEC, CNRS UMR 5628 3, Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
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Mohammed JS, McShane M. Polymer/colloid surface micromachining: micropatterning of hybrid multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13796-13803. [PMID: 18989945 DOI: 10.1021/la802637u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of multicomponent patterned films comprising polymer/nanoparticle multilayers using conventional lithography and bottom-up layer-by-layer nanofabrication techniques is described. The work is motivated by the potential to extend polymer surface micromachining capabilities toward construction of integrated systems by connecting discrete domains of active materials containing functional nanoparticles. Modified surfaces illustrate tunability of the physical (thickness, roughness, 3D structures) and chemical (inorganic/organic material combinations) properties of the nanocomposite micropatterns. Intriguing nanoscale phenomena were observed for the structures when the order of material deposition was changed; the final multilayer thickness and surface roughness and mechanical integrity of the patterns were found to be interdependent and related to the roughness of layers deposited earlier in the process.
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Soumetz FC, Pastorino L, Ruggiero C. Human osteoblast-like cells response to nanofunctionalized surfaces for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 84:249-55. [PMID: 17514672 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cells are sensitive both to the micro/nanotopographic and chemical features of their surrounding environment. The engineering of the surface properties of biomaterials is then critical to develop bioactive devices with which to elicit appropriate cellular responses. To this regard, the layer by layer (LBL) self assembly technique represents a simple and versatile method to modify surface properties by the deposition of ultrathin films with specific and predetermined properties. In this work biomimetic coatings containing fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, were assembled by means of the LBL technique, and tested for the growth of MG63 human osteoblast-like cells, in order to evaluate their potential for the treatment of materials employed in bone-tissue engineering. As a first step the assembly process was optimized by quartz crystal microbalance measurements and subsequently was repeated on nickel/titanium, silicon and glass samples. The results obtained from the investigation of cell response to the modified surfaces, put in evidence that the deposited nanostructured ultrathin films are effective in promoting cell proliferation. Our results show the high potential of the developed bioactive coatings for the engineering of biomimetic implants and for the optimization of their integration with the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Caneva Soumetz
- Department of Communication, Computer and System Sciences, University of Genova, Via Opera Pia, 13-16145 Genova, Italy.
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Wittmer CR, Phelps JA, Saltzman WM, Van Tassel PR. Fibronectin terminated multilayer films: protein adsorption and cell attachment studies. Biomaterials 2006; 28:851-60. [PMID: 17056106 PMCID: PMC1773012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatically driven layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a simple and robust method for producing structurally tailored thin film biomaterials, of thickness ca. 10nm, containing biofunctional ligands. We investigate the LbL formation of multilayer films composed of polymers of biological origin (poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and dextran sulfate (DS)), the adsorption of fibronectin (Fn)--a matrix protein known to promote cell adhesion--onto these films, and the subsequent spreading behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We employ optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) and quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCMD) to characterize multilayer assembly in situ, and find adsorbed Fn mass on PLL-terminated films to exceed that on DS terminated films by 40%, correlating with the positive charge and lower degree of hydration of PLL terminated films. The extent and initial rate of Fn adsorption to both PLL and DS-terminated films exceed those onto the bare substrate, indicating the important role of electrostatic complexation between negatively charged protein and positively charged PLL at or near the film surface. We use phase-contrast optical microscopy to investigate the time-dependent morphological changes of HUVEC as a function of layer number, charge of terminal layer, and the presence of Fn. We observe HUVEC to attach, spread, and lose circularity on all surfaces. Positively charged PLL-terminated films exhibit a greater extent of cell spreading than do (negatively charged) DS-terminated films, and spreading is enhanced while circularity loss is suppressed by the presence of adsorbed Fn. The number of layers plays a significant role only for DS-terminated films with Fn, where spreading on a bilayer greatly exceeds that on a multilayer, and PLL-terminated films without Fn, where initial spreading is significantly higher on a monolayer. We observe initial cell spreading to be followed by retraction (i.e. decreased cell area and circularity with time) for films without Fn, and for DS-terminated films with Fn. Overall, the Fn-coated PLL monolayer and the Fn-coated PLL-terminated multilayer are the best performing films in promoting cell spreading. We conclude the presence of Fn to be an important factor (more so than film charge or layer number) in controlling the interaction between multilayer films and living cells, and thus to represent a promising strategy toward in vivo applications such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne R Wittmer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, P.O. Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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