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Parra J, Calvache C, Alzamendi G, Ibarra E, Soláque L, Peterson SD, Zañartu M. Asymmetric triangular body-cover model of the VFs with bilateral intrinsic muscle activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585590. [PMID: 38562893 PMCID: PMC10983898 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Many voice disorders are linked to imbalanced muscle activity and known to exhibit asymmetric vocal fold vibration. However, the relation between imbalanced muscle activation and asymmetric vocal fold vibration is not well understood. This study introduces an asymmetric triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds, controlled by the activation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles, to investigate the effects of muscle imbalance on vocal fold oscillation. Various scenarios were considered, encompassing imbalance in individual muscles and muscle pairs, as well as accounting for asymmetry in lumped element parameters. The results highlight the antagonistic effect between the thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles on the elastic and mass components of the vocal folds, as well as the impact on the vocal process from the imbalance in the lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid adductor muscles. Measurements of amplitude and phase asymmetry were employed to emulate the oscillatory behavior of two pathological cases: unilateral paralysis and muscle tension dysphonia. The resulting simulations exhibit muscle imbalance consistent with expectations in the composition of these voice disorders, yielding asymmetries exceeding 30% for paralysis and below 5% for dysphonia. This underscores the versatility of muscle imbalance in representing phonatory scenarios and its potential for characterizing asymmetry in vocal fold vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Parra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Vocology Center, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Alzamendi
- Institute for Research and Development on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB), CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos 3100, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Emiro Ibarra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leonardo Soláque
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
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Cuadros J, Z-Rivera L, Castro C, Whitaker G, Otero M, Weinstein A, Martínez-Montes E, Prado P, Zañartu M. DIVA Meets EEG: Model Validation Using Formant-Shift Reflex. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:7512. [PMID: 38435340 PMCID: PMC10906992 DOI: 10.3390/app13137512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The neurocomputational model 'Directions into Velocities of Articulators' (DIVA) was developed to account for various aspects of normal and disordered speech production and acquisition. The neural substrates of DIVA were established through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), providing physiological validation of the model. This study introduces DIVA_EEG an extension of DIVA that utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) to leverage the high temporal resolution and broad availability of EEG over fMRI. For the development of DIVA_EEG, EEG-like signals were derived from original equations describing the activity of the different DIVA maps. Synthetic EEG associated with the utterance of syllables was generated when both unperturbed and perturbed auditory feedback (first formant perturbations) were simulated. The cortical activation maps derived from synthetic EEG closely resembled those of the original DIVA model. To validate DIVA_EEG, the EEG of individuals with typical voices (N = 30) was acquired during an altered auditory feedback paradigm. The resulting empirical brain activity maps significantly overlapped with those predicted by DIVA_EEG. In conjunction with other recent model extensions, DIVA_EEG lays the foundations for constructing a complete neurocomputational framework to tackle vocal and speech disorders, which can guide model-driven personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhosmary Cuadros
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Grupo de Bioingeniería, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal 5001, Venezuela
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2350026, Chile
| | - Christian Castro
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2350026, Chile
| | - Grace Whitaker
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Mónica Otero
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Centro Basal Ciencia & Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8580000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Weinstein
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2350026, Chile
| | | | - Pavel Prado
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510602, Chile
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
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Ng WC, Lokanathan Y, Baki MM, Fauzi MB, Zainuddin AA, Azman M. Tissue Engineering as a Promising Treatment for Glottic Insufficiency: A Review on Biomolecules and Cell-Laden Hydrogel. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123082. [PMID: 36551838 PMCID: PMC9775346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glottic insufficiency is widespread in the elderly population and occurs as a result of secondary damage or systemic disease. Tissue engineering is a viable treatment for glottic insufficiency since it aims to restore damaged nerve tissue and revitalize aging muscle. After injection into the biological system, injectable biomaterial delivers cost- and time-effectiveness while acting as a protective shield for cells and biomolecules. This article focuses on injectable biomaterials that transport cells and biomolecules in regenerated tissue, particularly adipose, muscle, and nerve tissue. We propose Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (IP-SCs), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and extracellular vesicle (EV) as potential cells and macromolecules to be included into biomaterials, with some particular testing to support them as a promising translational medicine for vocal fold regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chiew Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Marina Mat Baki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ani Amelia Zainuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mawaddah Azman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Weerathunge HR, Alzamendi GA, Cler GJ, Guenther FH, Stepp CE, Zañartu M. LaDIVA: A neurocomputational model providing laryngeal motor control for speech acquisition and production. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010159. [PMID: 35737706 PMCID: PMC9258861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many voice disorders are the result of intricate neural and/or biomechanical impairments that are poorly understood. The limited knowledge of their etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms hampers effective clinical management. Behavioral studies have been used concurrently with computational models to better understand typical and pathological laryngeal motor control. Thus far, however, a unified computational framework that quantitatively integrates physiologically relevant models of phonation with the neural control of speech has not been developed. Here, we introduce LaDIVA, a novel neurocomputational model with physiologically based laryngeal motor control. We combined the DIVA model (an established neural network model of speech motor control) with the extended body-cover model (a physics-based vocal fold model). The resulting integrated model, LaDIVA, was validated by comparing its model simulations with behavioral responses to perturbations of auditory vocal fundamental frequency (fo) feedback in adults with typical speech. LaDIVA demonstrated capability to simulate different modes of laryngeal motor control, ranging from short-term (i.e., reflexive) and long-term (i.e., adaptive) auditory feedback paradigms, to generating prosodic contours in speech. Simulations showed that LaDIVA’s laryngeal motor control displays properties of motor equivalence, i.e., LaDIVA could robustly generate compensatory responses to reflexive vocal fo perturbations with varying initial laryngeal muscle activation levels leading to the same output. The model can also generate prosodic contours for studying laryngeal motor control in running speech. LaDIVA can expand the understanding of the physiology of human phonation to enable, for the first time, the investigation of causal effects of neural motor control in the fine structure of the vocal signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini R. Weerathunge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriel A. Alzamendi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Institute for Research and Development on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB), CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Gabriel J. Cler
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frank H. Guenther
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cara E. Stepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
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Alzamendi GA, Peterson SD, Erath BD, Hillman RE, Zañartu M. Triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds with coordinated activation of the five intrinsic laryngeal muscles. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:17. [PMID: 35105008 PMCID: PMC8727069 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Poor laryngeal muscle coordination that results in abnormal glottal posturing is believed to be a primary etiologic factor in common voice disorders such as non-phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction. Abnormal activity of antagonistic laryngeal muscles is hypothesized to play a key role in the alteration of normal vocal fold biomechanics that results in the dysphonia associated with such disorders. Current low-order models of the vocal folds are unsatisfactory to test this hypothesis since they do not capture the co-contraction of antagonist laryngeal muscle pairs. To address this limitation, a self-sustained triangular body-cover model with full intrinsic muscle control is introduced. The proposed scheme shows good agreement with prior studies using finite element models, excised larynges, and clinical studies in sustained and time-varying vocal gestures. Simulations of vocal fold posturing obtained with distinct antagonistic muscle activation yield clear differences in kinematic, aerodynamic, and acoustic measures. The proposed tool is deemed sufficiently accurate and flexible for future comprehensive investigations of non-phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction and other laryngeal motor control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Alzamendi
- Institute for Research and Development on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB), CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos 3100, Argentina
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Byron D Erath
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA
| | - Robert E Hillman
- Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
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Calvache C, Solaque L, Velasco A, Peñuela L. Biomechanical Models to Represent Vocal Physiology: A Systematic Review. J Voice 2021; 37:465.e1-465.e18. [PMID: 33678534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical modeling allows obtaining information on physical phenomena that cannot be directly observed. This study aims to review models that represent voice production. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and IEEE Xplore databases. To select the papers, we used the protocol PRISMA Statement. A total of 53 publications were included in this review. This article considers a taxonomic classification of models found in the literature. We propose four categories in the taxonomy: (1) Models representing the Source (Vocal folds); (2) Models representing the Filter (Vocal Tract); (3) Models representing the Source - Filter Interaction; and (4) Models representing the Airflow - Source Interaction. We include a bibliographic analysis with the evolution of the publications per category. We provide an analysis of the number as well of publications in journals per year. Moreover, we present an analysis of the term occurrence and its frequency of usage, as found in the literature. In each category, different types of vocal production models are mentioned and analyzed. The models account for the analysis of evidence about aerodynamic, biomechanical, and acoustic phenomena and their correlation with the physiological processes involved in the production of the human voice. This review gives an insight into the state of the art related to the mathematical modeling of voice production, analyzed from the viewpoint of vocal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calvache
- Vocology Center, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo Solaque
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Velasco
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina Peñuela
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
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