1
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Koprivnikar J, Thieltges DW, Johnson PTJ. Consumption of trematode parasite infectious stages: from conceptual synthesis to future research agenda. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e33. [PMID: 36971341 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Given their sheer cumulative biomass and ubiquitous presence, parasites are increasingly recognized as essential components of most food webs. Beyond their influence as consumers of host tissue, many parasites also have free-living infectious stages that may be ingested by non-host organisms, with implications for energy and nutrient transfer, as well as for pathogen transmission and infectious disease dynamics. This has been particularly well-documented for the cercaria free-living stage of digenean trematode parasites within the Phylum Platyhelminthes. Here, we aim to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding cercariae consumption by examining: (a) approaches for studying cercariae consumption; (b) the range of consumers and trematode prey documented thus far; (c) factors influencing the likelihood of cercariae consumption; (d) consequences of cercariae consumption for individual predators (e.g. their viability as a food source); and (e) implications of cercariae consumption for entire communities and ecosystems (e.g. transmission, nutrient cycling and influences on other prey). We detected 121 unique consumer-by-cercaria combinations that spanned 60 species of consumer and 35 trematode species. Meaningful reductions in transmission were seen for 31 of 36 combinations that considered this; however, separate studies with the same cercaria and consumer sometimes showed different results. Along with addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research directions, we highlight how the conceptual and empirical approaches discussed here for consumption of cercariae are relevant for the infectious stages of other parasites and pathogens, illustrating the use of cercariae as a model system to help advance our knowledge regarding the general importance of parasite consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - D W Thieltges
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - P T J Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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2
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Cirtwill AR, Wootton KL. Stable motifs delay species loss in simulated food webs. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary, Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Kate L. Wootton
- Biofrontiers Inst., Univ. of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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3
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McLeod AM, Leroux SJ. Incongruent drivers of network, species and interaction persistence in food webs. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. McLeod
- Dept of Biology, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland St John's NL Canada
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Dept of Biology, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland St John's NL Canada
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4
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Beauchesne D, Cazelles K, Archambault P, Dee LE, Gravel D. On the sensitivity of food webs to multiple stressors. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2219-2237. [PMID: 34288313 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems is becoming increasingly vital with global changes. The role of species interactions in propagating the effects of stressors, although widely acknowledged, has yet to be formally explored. Here, we conceptualise how stressors propagate through food webs and explore how they affect simulated three-species motifs and food webs of the Canadian St. Lawrence System. We find that overlooking species interactions invariably underestimate the effects of stressors, and that synergistic and antagonistic effects through food webs are prevalent. We also find that interaction type influences a species' susceptibility to stressors; species in omnivory and tri-trophic food chain interactions in particular are sensitive and prone to synergistic and antagonistic effects. Finally, we find that apex predators were negatively affected and mesopredators benefited from the effects of stressors due to their trophic position in the St. Lawrence System, but that species sensitivity is dependent on food web structure. In conceptualising the effects of multiple stressors on food webs, we bring theory closer to practice and show that considering the intricacies of ecological communities is key to assess the net effects of stressors on species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beauchesne
- Département de biologie, ArcticNet, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, ArcticNet, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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5
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Biodiversity and community structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101176118. [PMID: 33608419 PMCID: PMC7980413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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6
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Runghen R, Poulin R, Monlleó-Borrull C, Llopis-Belenguer C. Network Analysis: Ten Years Shining Light on Host-Parasite Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:445-455. [PMID: 33558197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological interactions are key drivers of ecological and evolutionary processes. The complexity of such interactions hinders our understanding of ecological systems and our ability to make effective predictions in changing environments. However, network analysis allows us to better tackle the complexity of ecosystems because it extracts the properties of an ecological system according to the number and distribution of links among interacting entities. The number of studies using network analysis to solve ecological and evolutionary questions in parasitology has increased over the past decade. Here, we synthesise the contribution of network analysis toward disentangling host-parasite processes. Furthermore, we identify current trends in mainstream ecology and novel applications of network analysis that present opportunities for research on host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogini Runghen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Clara Monlleó-Borrull
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, ES-46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Llopis-Belenguer
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, ES-46071, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Flick AJ, Coudron TA, Elderd BD. Intraguild predation decreases predator fitness with potentially varying effects on pathogen transmission in a herbivore host. Oecologia 2020; 193:789-799. [PMID: 32419048 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Predators and pathogens often regulate the population dynamics of their prey or hosts. When species interact with both their predators and their pathogens, understanding each interaction in isolation may not capture the system's dynamics. For instance, predators can influence pathogen transmission via consumptive effects, such as feeding on infected prey, or non-consumptive effects, such as changing the prey's susceptibility to infection. A prey species' infection status can, in turn, influence predator's choice of prey and have negative fitness consequences for the predator. To test how intraguild predation (IGP), when predator and pathogen share the same prey/host, affects pathogen transmission, predator preference, and predator fitness, we conducted a series of experiments using a crop pest (Pseudoplusia includens), a generalist predator (Podisus maculiventris), and a generalist pathogen (Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrovirus, AcMNPV). Using a field experiment, we quantified the effects of consumptive and non-consumptive predators on pathogen transmission. We found that a number of models provided similar fits to the data. These models included null models showing no effects of predation and models that included a predation effect. We also found that predators consumed infected prey more often when choosing between live infected or live healthy prey. Infected prey also reduced predator fitness. Developmental times of predators fed infected prey increased by 20% and longevity decreased by 45%, compared with those that consumed an equivalent number of non-infected prey. While this research shows an effect of the pathogen on intraguild predator fitness, we found no support that predators affected pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Flick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Tom A Coudron
- USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Insects Laboratory, Research Park, 1502 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Bret D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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8
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Cirtwill AR, Dalla Riva GV, Baker NJ, Ohlsson M, Norström I, Wohlfarth IM, Thia JA, Stouffer DB. Related plants tend to share pollinators and herbivores, but strength of phylogenetic signal varies among plant families. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:909-920. [PMID: 31917859 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Related plants are often hypothesized to interact with similar sets of pollinators and herbivores, but this idea has only mixed empirical support. This may be because plant families vary in their tendency to share interaction partners. We quantify overlap of interaction partners for all pairs of plants in 59 pollination and 11 herbivory networks based on the numbers of shared and unshared interaction partners (thereby capturing both proportional and absolute overlap). We test for relationships between phylogenetic distance and partner overlap within each network; whether these relationships varied with the composition of the plant community; and whether well-represented plant families showed different relationships. Across all networks, more closely related plants tended to have greater overlap. The strength of this relationship within a network was unrelated to the composition of the network's plant component, but, when considered separately, different plant families showed different relationships between phylogenetic distance and overlap of interaction partners. The variety of relationships between phylogenetic distance and partner overlap in different plant families probably reflects a comparable variety of ecological and evolutionary processes. Considering factors affecting particular species-rich groups within a community could be the key to understanding the distribution of interactions at the network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Cirtwill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Giulio V Dalla Riva
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Biomathematics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Nick J Baker
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mikael Ohlsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Norström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inger-Marie Wohlfarth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joshua A Thia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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9
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Okamura B, Hartigan A, Naldoni J. Extensive Uncharted Biodiversity: The Parasite Dimension. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:1132-1145. [PMID: 29860443 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are often hidden in their hosts and exhibit patchy spatial distributions. This makes them relatively difficult to detect and sample. Consequently we have poor knowledge of parasite diversities, distributions, and extinction. We evaluate our general understanding of parasite diversity and highlight the enormous bias in research on parasites such as helminths and arthropods that infect vertebrate hosts. We then focus on Myxozoa as an exemplary case for demonstrating uncharted parasite diversity. Myxozoans are a poorly recognized but speciose clade of endoparasitic cnidarians with complex life cycles that have radiated to exploit freshwater, marine, and terrestrial hosts by adopting strategies convergent to those of parasitic protists. Myxozoans are estimated to represent some 20% of described cnidarian species-greatly outnumbering the combined species richness of scyphozoans, cubozoans, and staurozoans. We summarize limited understanding of myxozoan diversification and geographical distributions, and highlight gaps in knowledge and approaches for measuring myxozoan diversity. We close by reviewing methods and problems in estimating parasite extinction and concerns about extinction risks in view of the fundamental roles parasites play in ecosystem dynamics and in driving host evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ashlie Hartigan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Juliana Naldoni
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil
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10
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Simmons BI, Cirtwill AR, Baker NJ, Wauchope HS, Dicks LV, Stouffer DB, Sutherland WJ. Motifs in bipartite ecological networks: uncovering indirect interactions. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benno I. Simmons
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping Univ; Linköping Sweden
| | - Nick J. Baker
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Hannah S. Wauchope
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia; UK
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
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11
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Cirtwill AR, Dalla Riva GV, Gaiarsa MP, Bimler MD, Cagua EF, Coux C, Dehling DM. A review of species role concepts in food webs. FOOD WEBS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Cirtwill AR, Eklöf A. Feeding environment and other traits shape species’ roles in marine food webs. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:875-884. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Department of Physics; Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University; Linköping SE-581 83 Sweden
| | - Anna Eklöf
- Department of Physics; Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University; Linköping SE-581 83 Sweden
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13
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Cirtwill AR, Roslin T, Rasmussen C, Olesen JM, Stouffer DB. Between-year changes in community composition shape species’ roles in an Arctic plant-pollinator network. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM); Linköping Univ.; SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Agricultural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
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14
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Michalska‐Smith MJ, Sander EL, Pascual M, Allesina S. Understanding the role of parasites in food webs using the group model. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:790-800. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Pascual
- Department of Ecology & Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology & Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
- Computation Institute University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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15
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Cirtwill AR, Lagrue C, Poulin R, Stouffer DB. Host taxonomy constrains the properties of trophic transmission routes for parasites in lake food webs. Ecology 2017; 98:2401-2412. [PMID: 28609566 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Some parasites move from one host to another via trophic transmission, the consumption of the parasite (inside its current host) by its future host. Feeding links among free-living species can thus be understood as potential transmission routes for parasites. As these links have different dynamic and structural properties, they may also vary in their effectiveness as trophic transmission routes. That is, some links may be better than others in allowing parasites to complete their complex life cycles. However, not all links are accessible to parasites as most are restricted to a small number of host taxa. This restriction means that differences between links involving host and non-host taxa must be considered when assessing whether transmission routes for parasites have different food web properties than other links. Here we use four New Zealand lake food webs to test whether link properties (contribution of a link to the predator's diet, prey abundance, prey biomass, amount of biomass transferred, centrality, and asymmetry) affect trophic transmission of parasites. Critically, we do this using both models that neglect the taxonomy of free-living species and models that explicitly include information about which free-living species are members of suitable host taxa. Although the best-fit model excluding taxonomic information suggested that transmission routes have different properties than other feeding links, when including taxonomy, the best-fit model included only an intercept. This means that the taxonomy of free-living species is a key determinant of parasite transmission routes and that food-web properties of transmission routes are constrained by the properties of host taxa. In particular, many intermediate hosts (prey) attain high biomasses and are involved in highly central links while links connecting intermediate to definitive (predator) hosts tend to be dynamically weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Cirtwill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Clement Lagrue
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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16
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Médoc V, Firmat C, Sheath D, Pegg J, Andreou D, Britton J. Parasites and Biological Invasions. ADV ECOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Ray JL, Althammer J, Skaar KS, Simonelli P, Larsen A, Stoecker D, Sazhin A, Ijaz UZ, Quince C, Nejstgaard JC, Frischer M, Pohnert G, Troedsson C. Metabarcoding and metabolome analyses of copepod grazing reveal feeding preference and linkage to metabolite classes in dynamic microbial plankton communities. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5585-5602. [PMID: 27662431 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize copepod feeding in relation to microbial plankton community dynamics, we combined metabarcoding and metabolome analyses during a 22-day seawater mesocosm experiment. Nutrient amendment of mesocosms promoted the development of haptophyte (Phaeocystis pouchetii)- and diatom (Skeletonema marinoi)-dominated plankton communities in mesocosms, in which Calanus sp. copepods were incubated for 24 h in flow-through chambers to allow access to prey particles (<500 μm). Copepods and mesocosm water sampled six times spanning the experiment were analysed using metabarcoding, while intracellular metabolite profiles of mesocosm plankton communities were generated for all experimental days. Taxon-specific metabarcoding ratios (ratio of consumed prey to available prey in the surrounding seawater) revealed diverse and dynamic copepod feeding selection, with positive selection on large diatoms, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and fungi, while smaller phytoplankton, including P. pouchetii, were passively consumed or even negatively selected according to our indicator. Our analysis of the relationship between Calanus grazing ratios and intracellular metabolite profiles indicates the importance of carbohydrates and lipids in plankton succession and copepod-prey interactions. This molecular characterization of Calanus sp. grazing therefore provides new evidence for selective feeding in mixed plankton assemblages and corroborates previous findings that copepod grazing may be coupled to the developmental and metabolic stage of the entire prey community rather than to individual prey abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ray
- Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, N-5008, Norway.
| | - Julia Althammer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07443, Germany
| | - Katrine S Skaar
- Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, N-5008, Norway
| | - Paolo Simonelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 53A, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Aud Larsen
- Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, N-5008, Norway
| | - Diane Stoecker
- Horn Point Lab, Center of Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MA, 21613, USA
| | - Andrey Sazhin
- Laboratory of Ecology of Plankton Organisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Nakhimovsky Prospect 36, Moscow, Russia
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Quince
- WMS - Microbiology and Infection, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jens C Nejstgaard
- Department 3, Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, OT Neuglobsow, 16775, Germany
| | - Marc Frischer
- Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, N-5008, Norway.,Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Science Circle, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07443, Germany
| | - Christofer Troedsson
- Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, N-5008, Norway
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18
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19
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Sabadel A, Woodward E, Van Hale R, Frew R. Compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids: A tool to unravel complex symbiotic trophic relationships. FOOD WEBS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Johnson PTJ, de Roode JC, Fenton A. Why infectious disease research needs community ecology. Science 2015; 349:1259504. [PMID: 26339035 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases often emerge from interactions among multiple species and across nested levels of biological organization. Threats as diverse as Ebola virus, human malaria, and bat white-nose syndrome illustrate the need for a mechanistic understanding of the ecological interactions underlying emerging infections. We describe how recent advances in community ecology can be adopted to address contemporary challenges in disease research. These analytical tools can identify the factors governing complex assemblages of multiple hosts, parasites, and vectors, and reveal how processes link across scales from individual hosts to regions. They can also determine the drivers of heterogeneities among individuals, species, and regions to aid targeting of control strategies. We provide examples where these principles have enhanced disease management and illustrate how they can be further extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | | | - Andy Fenton
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Baiser
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Univ. of Florida; 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Rasha Elhesha
- Dept of Computer and Information Science and Engineering; Univ. of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Tamer Kahveci
- Dept of Computer and Information Science and Engineering; Univ. of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Geisen S, Laros I, Vizcaíno A, Bonkowski M, de Groot GA. Not all are free-living: high-throughput DNA metabarcoding reveals a diverse community of protists parasitizing soil metazoa. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4556-69. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - I. Laros
- ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - A. Vizcaíno
- AllGenetics, Ed. de Servicios Centrales de Investigación; Campus de Elviña s/n E-15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - M. Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Institute of Zoology; University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - G. A. de Groot
- ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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