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Del Lesto I, Magliano A, Casini R, Ermenegildi A, Rombolà P, De Liberato C, Romiti F. Ecological niche modelling of Culicoides imicola and future range shifts under climate change scenarios in Italy. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38783513 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Culicoides imicola is the main vector of viral diseases of livestock in Europe such as bluetongue (BT), African horse sickness and epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Climatic factors are the main drivers of C. imicola occurrence and its distribution might be subject to rapid shifts due to climate change. Entomological data, collected during BT surveillance, and climatic/environmental variables were used to analyse ecological niche and to model C. imicola distribution and possible future range shifts in Italy. An ensemble technique was used to weigh the performance of machine learning, linear and profile methods. Updated future climate projections from the latest phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project were used to generate future distributions for the next three 20-year periods, according to combinations of general circulation models and shared socioeconomic pathways and considering different climate change scenarios. Results indicated the minimum temperature of the coldest month (BIO 6) and precipitation of the driest-warmest months (BIO 14) as the main limiting climatic factors. Indeed, BIO 6 and BIO 14 reported the two highest values of variable importance, respectively, 9.16% (confidence interval [CI] = 7.99%-10.32%), and 2.01% (CI = 1.57%-2.44%). Under the worst-case scenario of climate change, C. imicola range is expected to expand northward and shift away from the coasts of central Italy, while in some areas of southern Italy, environmental suitability will decrease. Our results provide predictions of C. imicola distribution according to the most up-to-date future climate projections and should be of great use to surveillance management at regional and national scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Del Lesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Pisa, Italy
| | - Adele Magliano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Ermenegildi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rombolà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Romiti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
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Johnson DM, Haynes KJ. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest insect populations under climate change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101020. [PMID: 36906142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of climate on forest insect populations are complex, often involving drivers that are opposing, nonlinear, and nonadditive. Overall, climate change is driving an increase in outbreaks and range shifts. Links between climate and forest insect dynamics are becoming clearer; however, the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. Climate alters forest insect population dynamics directly through life history, physiology, and voltinism, and indirectly through effects on host trees and natural enemies. Climatic effects on bark beetles, wood-boring insects, and sap-suckers are often indirect, through effects on host-tree susceptibility, whereas climatic effects on defoliators are comparatively more direct. We recommend process-based approaches to global distribution mapping and population models to identify the underlying mechanisms and enable effective management of forest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle J Haynes
- University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, VA 22620, USA
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3
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Boukouvala MC, Kavallieratos NG, Skourti A, Pons X, Alonso CL, Eizaguirre M, Fernandez EB, Solera ED, Fita S, Bohinc T, Trdan S, Agrafioti P, Athanassiou CG. Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): Current Status of Biology, Ecology, and Management in Europe with Notes from North America. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090854. [PMID: 36135555 PMCID: PMC9506003 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The European Spongy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is an abundant species found in oak woods in Central and Southern Europe, the Near East, and North Africa and is an important economic pest. It is a voracious eater and can completely defoliate entire trees; repeated severe defoliation can add to other stresses, such as weather extremes or human activities. Lymantria dispar is most destructive in its larval stage (caterpillars), stripping away foliage from a broad variety of trees (>500 species). Caterpillar infestation is an underestimated problem; medical literature reports that established populations of caterpillars may cause health problems to people and animals. Inflammatory reactions may occur in most individuals after exposure to setae, independent of previous exposure. Currently, chemical and mechanical methods, natural predators, and silvicultural practices are included for the control of this species. Various insecticides have been used for its control, often through aerial sprayings, which negatively affect biodiversity, frequently fail, and are inappropriate for urban/recreational areas. However, bioinsecticides based on various microorganisms (e.g., entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi) as well as technologies such as mating disruption using sex pheromone traps have replaced insecticides for the management of L. dispar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (N.G.K.); Tel.: +30-2105294569 (M.C.B.)
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (N.G.K.); Tel.: +30-2105294569 (M.C.B.)
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Agrotecnio Centre, Universitat de Lleida, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carmen López Alonso
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Agrotecnio Centre, Universitat de Lleida, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Matilde Eizaguirre
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Agrotecnio Centre, Universitat de Lleida, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Elena Domínguez Solera
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Centre, València Parc Tecnològic, Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergio Fita
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Centre, València Parc Tecnològic, Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Tanja Bohinc
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Trdan
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paraskevi Agrafioti
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Christos G. Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece
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4
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Ananko GG, Kolosov AV, Martemyanov VV. Rock Microhabitats Provide Suitable Thermal Conditions for Overwintering Insects: A Case Study of the Spongy Moth ( Lymantria dispar L.) Population in the Altai Mountains. INSECTS 2022; 13:712. [PMID: 36005337 PMCID: PMC9409708 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many insect species overwinter in various rock shelters (cavities and crevices), but the microclimates of rock biotopes remain poorly understood. We investigated the temperature dynamics in rock microhabitats where clusters of egg masses of the wintering spongy moth Lymantria dispar L. (SM) were observed. Our research objective was to find the relation between the ovipositing behaviour of females and the landscape features in different parts of this species' range. Studies of the ecology of the SM are important from a practical point of view, as the moth causes significant economic damage to forests of the Holarctic. We found that the average monthly temperature of rock surfaces in the studied microhabitats was 2-5 °C above the average air temperature. More importantly, the minimum temperatures in these microhabitats were 4-13 °C higher than the minimum air temperature. These results help to reassess the role of the mountain landscape in the spread of insect species. Rock biotopes provided a significant improvement in the conditions for wintering insects. We believe that, when modelling the spread of invasive species (such as the SM), it is necessary to account for the influence of rock biotopes that may facilitate shifts in the northern boundaries of their range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory G. Ananko
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Aleksei V. Kolosov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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5
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Jahant-Miller C, Miller R, Parry D. Size-dependent flight capacity and propensity in a range-expanding invasive insect. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:879-888. [PMID: 34351047 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For capital-breeding insects, all resources available for adult metabolic needs are accumulated during larval feeding. Therefore, body size at adult eclosion represents the total energetic capacity of the individual. For female capital breeders, body size is strongly correlated with lifetime fecundity, while in males, body size, which correlates with fitness, is less understood. In capital-breeding species with wingless, flightless, or dispersal-limited females, flight potential for male Lepidoptera has important implications for mate-finding and may be correlated with body size. At low population densities, failure to mate has been identified as an important Allee effect and can drive the success or failure of invasive species at range edges and in species of conservation concern. Th capital-breeding European subspecies of Lymantria dispar (L.), was introduced to North America in 1869 and now ranges across much of eastern North America. In L. dispar, females are flightless and mate-finding is entirely performed by males. We quantified male L. dispar flight capacity and propensity relative to morphological and physiological characteristics using fixed-arm flight mills. A range of male body sizes was produced by varying the protein content of standard artificial diets while holding other dietary components constant. Wing length, a proxy for body size, relative thorax mass, and forewing aspect were all important predictors of total flight distance and maximum speed. These results have important implications for mate-finding and invasion dynamics in L. dispar and may apply broadly to other capital-breeding insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Jahant-Miller
- Forest Health Protection, U.S. Forest Service, Coeur d'Alene, ID, 83815, USA
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Russell Miller
- School for Environment and Sustainability, Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA
| | - Dylan Parry
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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6
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Metz R, Tobin PC. Effects of temperature and host plant fragmentation on Lymantria dispar population growth along its expanding population front. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nunez‐Mir GC, Walter JA, Grayson KL, Johnson DM. Assessing drivers of localized invasive spread to inform large-scale management of a highly damaging insect pest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2538. [PMID: 35044021 PMCID: PMC9286796 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies of biological invasions at the macroscale or across multiple scales can provide important insights for management, particularly when localized information about invasion dynamics or environmental contexts is unavailable. In this study, we performed a macroscale analysis of the roles of invasion drivers on the local scale dynamics of a high-profile pest, Lymantria dispar dispar L., with the purpose of improving the prioritization of vulnerable areas for treatment. Specifically, we assessed the relative effects of various anthropogenic and environmental variables on the establishment rate of 8010 quadrats at a localized scale (5 × 5 km) across the entire L. dispar transition zone (the area encompassing the leading population edge, currently from Minnesota to North Carolina). We calculated the number of years from first detection of L. dispar in a quadrat to the year when probability of establishment of L. dispar was greater than 99% (i.e., waiting time to establishment after first detection). To assess the effects of environmental and anthropogenic variables on each quadrat's waiting time to establishment, we performed linear mixed-effects regression models for the full transition zone and three subregions within the zone. Seasonal temperatures were found to be the primary drivers of local establishment rates. Winter temperatures had the strongest effects, especially in the northern parts of the transition zone. Furthermore, the effects of some factors on waiting times to establishment varied across subregions. Our findings contribute to identifying especially vulnerable areas to further L. dispar spread and informing region-specific criteria by invasion managers for the prioritization of areas for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. Nunez‐Mir
- Department of BiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Walter
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Derek M. Johnson
- Department of BiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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8
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Espindola S, Vázquez-Domínguez E, Nakamura M, Osorio-Olvera L, Martínez-Meyer E, Myers EA, Overcast I, Reid BN, Burbrink FT. Complex genetic patterns and distribution limits mediated by native congeners of the worldwide invasive red-eared slider turtle. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1766-1782. [PMID: 35048442 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-native (invasive) species offer a unique opportunity to study the geographic distribution and range limits of species, wherein the evolutionary change driven by interspecific interactions between native and non-native closely related species is a key component. The red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans (TSE), has been introduced and successfully established worldwide. It can coexist with its native congeners T. cataspila, T. venusta and T. taylori in Mexico. We performed comprehensive fieldwork, executed a battery of genetic analyses and applied a novel species distribution modeling approach to evaluate their historical lineage relationships and contemporary population genetic patterns. Our findings support the historical common ancestry between native TSE and non-native (TSEalien ), while also highlighting the genetic differentiation of the exotic lineage. Genetic patterns are associated with their range size/endemism gradient, the microendemic T. taylori showed significant reduced genetic diversity and high differentiation, whereas TSEalien showed the highest diversity and signals of population size expansion. Counter to our expectations, lower naturally occurring distribution overlap and little admixture patterns were found between TSE and its congeners, exhibiting reduced gene flow and clear genetic separation across neighboring species despite having zones of contact. We demonstrate that these native Trachemys species have distinct climatic niche suitability, likely preventing establishment of and displacement by the TSEalien . Moreover, we found major niche overlap between TSEalien and native species worldwide, supporting our prediction that sites with closer ecological optima to the invasive species have higher establishment risk than those that are closer to the niche-center of the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayra Espindola
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.,American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, 79th Street, New York, 10024, USA
| | - Miguel Nakamura
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT), Calle Jalisco S/N, Colonia Valenciana, 36023, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Luis Osorio-Olvera
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Enrique Martínez-Meyer
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Edward A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.,American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, 79th Street, New York, 10024, USA
| | - Isaac Overcast
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Brendan N Reid
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Frank T Burbrink
- American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, 79th Street, New York, 10024, USA
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Walter JA, Rodenberg CA, Stovall AEL, Nunez-Mir GC, Onufrieva KS, Johnson DM. Evaluating the success of treatments that slow spread of an invasive insect pest. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4607-4613. [PMID: 34087042 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for the suppression and eradication of insect populations undergo substantial testing to ascertain their efficacy and safety, but the generally limited spatial and temporal scope of such studies limit knowledge of how contextual factors encountered in operational contexts shape the relative success of pest management treatments. These contextual factors potentially include ecological characteristics of the treated area, or the timing of treatments relative to pest phenology and weather events. We used an extensive database on over 1000 treatments of nascent populations of Lymantria dispar (L.) (gypsy moth) to examine how place-based and time-varying conditions shape the success of management treatments. RESULTS We found treatment success to vary across states and years, and to be highest in small treatment blocks that are isolated from other populations. In addition, treatment success tended to be lower in treatment blocks with open forest canopies, possibly owing to challenges of effectively distributing treatments in these areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring for early detection of nascent gypsy moth colonies in order to successfully slow the spread of the invasion. Additionally, operations research should address best practices for effectively treating with patchy and open forest canopies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Clare A Rodenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Atticus E L Stovall
- Geographical Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Ksenia S Onufrieva
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Derek M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Fleming PA, Wentzel JJ, Dundas SJ, Kreplins TL, Craig MD, Hardy GESJ. Global meta-analysis of tree decline impacts on fauna. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1744-1768. [PMID: 33955144 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Significant portions of the world's forests have been impacted by severe and large-scale tree declines characterised by gradual but widespread loss of vigour and subsequent death of either single or several tree species. Tree deaths represent a threat for fauna that are dependent on forest habitats for their survival. Although tree declines have received considerable scientific attention, surprisingly, little is known about their impacts on fauna. In total, we calculated 631 effect sizes across 59 studies that quantified the impact of tree declines on animal abundance. Data representing 186 bird species indicated an overall increase in bird abundance in response to tree declines (meta-analysis mean ± estimation g = 0.172 ± 0.053 [CI 0.069 to 0.275], P = 0.001); however, there was substantial variability in responses (significant heterogeneity P < 0.001) with a strong influence of diet as well as nesting guild on bird responses. Granivores (especially ground-foraging species, e.g. Passerellidae species), bark-foraging insectivores (e.g. woodpeckers), as well as ground- and cavity-nesting species apparently benefitted from tree declines, while nectarivorous birds [and, although not significant, aerially foraging insectivores (e.g. flycatchers) and leaf-gleaning insectivores (canopy-feeding)] were less common in the presence of tree declines. Data representing 33 mammal species indicate a tendency for detrimental effects of tree declines on mammals that use trees as refuges, while aerial foragers (i.e. bats) may benefit from opening up the canopy. Overall the average effect for mammals was neutral (meta-analysis mean estimation g = -0.150 ± 0.145 [-0.433 to 0.134], P = 0.302). Data representing 20 reptile species showed an insufficient range of responses to determine any diet or foraging effect on their responses. Data for 28 arthropod taxa should be considered with caution, as we could not adequately separate taxa according to their specialisations and reliance on key habitat. The data broadly suggest a detrimental effect of tree declines (meta-analysis mean estimation g = -0.171 ± 0.072 [-0.311 to -0.031], P = 0.017) with ground-foraging arthropods (e.g. detritivores and predators such as spiders and centipedes) more likely to be detrimentally impacted by tree declines. The range of responses to tree declines signifies substantially altered animal communities. In many instances, altered ecosystem function due to loss of key animal services will represent a significant threat to forest health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Fleming
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Jacobus J Wentzel
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shannon J Dundas
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, 1447 Forest Road, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey L Kreplins
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Michael D Craig
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Giles E St J Hardy
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
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Williams RJ, Dunn AM, Mendes da Costa L, Hassall C. Climate and habitat configuration limit range expansion and patterns of dispersal in a non-native lizard. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3332-3346. [PMID: 33841787 PMCID: PMC8019037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. As introduced, populations increase in abundance and geographical range, so does the potential for negative impacts on native communities. As such, there is a need to better understand the processes driving range expansion as species become established in recipient landscapes. Through an investigation into capacity for population growth and range expansion of introduced populations of a non-native lizard (Podarcis muralis), we aimed to demonstrate how multi-scale factors influence spatial spread, population growth, and invasion potential in introduced species. We collated location records of P. muralis presence in England, UK through data collected from field surveys and a citizen science campaign. We used these data as input for presence-background models to predict areas of climate suitability at a national-scale (5 km resolution), and fine-scale habitat suitability at the local scale (2 m resolution). We then integrated local models into an individual-based modeling platform to simulate population dynamics and forecast range expansion for 10 populations in heterogeneous landscapes. National-scale models indicated climate suitability has restricted the species to the southern parts of the UK, primarily by a latitudinal cline in overwintering conditions. Patterns of population growth and range expansion were related to differences in local landscape configuration and heterogeneity. Growth curves suggest populations could be in the early stages of exponential growth. However, annual rates of range expansion are predicted to be low (5-16 m). We conclude that extensive nationwide range expansion through secondary introduction is likely to be restricted by currently unsuitable climate beyond southern regions of the UK. However, exponential growth of local populations in habitats providing transport pathways is likely to increase opportunities for regional expansion. The broad habitat niche of P. muralis, coupled with configuration of habitat patches in the landscape, allows populations to increase locally with minimal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Williams
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Alison M. Dunn
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Lily Mendes da Costa
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Christopher Hassall
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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Rana S, Bhowmick AR, Sardar T. Invasive dynamics for a predator-prey system with Allee effect in both populations and a special emphasis on predator mortality. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:033150. [PMID: 33810739 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We considered a non-linear predator-prey model with an Allee effect on both populations on a two spatial dimension reaction-diffusion setup. Special importance to predator mortality was given as it may be often controlled through human-made harvesting processes. The local dynamics of the model was studied through boundedness, equilibrium, and stability analysis. An extensive numerical stability analysis was performed and found that bi-stability is not possible for the non-spatial model. By analyzing the spatial model, we found the condition for successful invasion and the persistence region of the species based on the predator Allee effect and its mortality parameter. Four different dynamics in this region of the parameter space are mainly explored. First, the Allee effect on both populations leads to various new types of species spread. Second, for a high value of per-capita growth rate, two completely new spreads (e.g., sun surface, colonial) have been found depending on the Allee effect parameter. Third, the Allee coefficient on the predator population leads to spatiotemporal chaos via a patchy spread for both linear and quadratic mortality rates. Finally, a more rigorous analysis is performed to study the chaotic nature of the system within the whole persistence domain. We have studied the possibility of chaos through temporal variation in different invasion regions. Furthermore, the chaotic fluctuation is studied through the sensitivity of initial conditions and by investigating the dominant Lyapunov exponent value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Rana
- Department of Statistics, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | | | - Tridip Sardar
- Department of Mathematics, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Kolkata 700084, India
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Kurenshchikov DK, Martemyanov VV, Imranova EL. Features of the Far Eastern Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Population Outbreak. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425520020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Modeling invasive species risk from established populations: Insights for management and conservation. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sirén APK, Morelli TL. Interactive range-limit theory (iRLT): An extension for predicting range shifts. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:940-954. [PMID: 31758805 PMCID: PMC7187220 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A central theme of range-limit theory (RLT) posits that abiotic factors form high-latitude/altitude limits, whereas biotic interactions create lower limits. This hypothesis, often credited to Charles Darwin, is a pattern widely assumed to occur in nature. However, abiotic factors can impose constraints on both limits and there is scant evidence to support the latter prediction. Deviations from these predictions may arise from correlations between abiotic factors and biotic interactions, as a lack of data to evaluate the hypothesis, or be an artifact of scale. Combining two tenets of ecology-niche theory and predator-prey theory-provides an opportunity to understand how biotic interactions influence range limits and how this varies by trophic level. We propose an expansion of RLT, interactive RLT (iRLT), to understand the causes of range limits and predict range shifts. Incorporating the main predictions of Darwin's hypothesis, iRLT hypothesizes that abiotic and biotic factors can interact to impact both limits of a species' range. We summarize current thinking on range limits and perform an integrative review to evaluate support for iRLT and trophic differences along range margins, surveying the mammal community along the boreal-temperate and forest-tundra ecotones of North America. Our review suggests that range-limit dynamics are more nuanced and interactive than classically predicted by RLT. Many (57 of 70) studies indicate that biotic factors can ameliorate harsh climatic conditions along high-latitude/altitude limits. Conversely, abiotic factors can also mediate biotic interactions along low-latitude/altitude limits (44 of 68 studies). Both scenarios facilitate range expansion, contraction or stability depending on the strength and the direction of the abiotic or biotic factors. As predicted, biotic interactions most often occurred along lower limits, yet there were trophic differences. Carnivores were only limited by competitive interactions (n = 25), whereas herbivores were more influenced by predation and parasitism (77%; 55 of 71 studies). We highlight how these differences may create divergent range patterns along lower limits. We conclude by (a) summarizing iRLT; (b) contrasting how our model system and others fit this hypothesis and (c) suggesting future directions for evaluating iRLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej P. K. Sirén
- Department of Interior Northeast Climate Adaptation Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyAmherstMAUSA
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | - Toni Lyn Morelli
- Department of Interior Northeast Climate Adaptation Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyAmherstMAUSA
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
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16
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Hudgins EJ, Liebhold AM, Leung B. Comparing generalized and customized spread models for nonnative forest pests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e01988. [PMID: 31361929 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While generality is often desirable in ecology, customized models for individual species are thought to be more predictive by accounting for context specificity. However, fully customized models require more information for focal species. We focus on pest spread and ask: How much does predictive power differ between generalized and customized models? Further, we examine whether an intermediate "semi-generalized" model, combining elements of a general model with species-specific modifications, could yield predictive advantages. We compared predictive power of a generalized model applied to all forest pest species (the generalized dispersal kernel or GDK) to customized spread models for three invasive forest pests (beech bark disease [Cryptococcus fagisuga], gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar], and hemlock woolly adelgid [Adelges tsugae]), for which time-series data exist. We generated semi-generalized dispersal kernel models (SDK) through GDK correction factors based on additional species-specific information. We found that customized models were more predictive than the GDK by an average of 17% for the three species examined, although the GDK still had strong predictive ability (57% spatial variation explained). However, by combining the GDK with simple corrections into the SDK model, we attained a mean of 91% of the spatial variation explained, compared to 74% for the customized models. This is, to our knowledge, the first comparison of general and species-specific ecological spread models' predictive abilities. Our strong predictive results suggest that general models can be effectively synthesized with context-specific information for single species to respond quickly to invasions. We provided SDK forecasts to 2030 for all 63 United States pests in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Hudgins
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Leung
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7, Canada
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Friedline CJ, Faske TM, Lind BM, Hobson EM, Parry D, Dyer RJ, Johnson DM, Thompson LM, Grayson KL, Eckert AJ. Evolutionary genomics of gypsy moth populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2206-2223. [PMID: 30834645 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) was first introduced to Massachusetts in 1869 and within 150 years has spread throughout eastern North America. This large-scale invasion across a heterogeneous landscape allows examination of the genetic signatures of adaptation potentially associated with rapid geographical spread. We tested the hypothesis that spatially divergent natural selection has driven observed changes in three developmental traits that were measured in a common garden for 165 adult moths sampled from six populations across a latitudinal gradient covering the entirety of the range. We generated genotype data for 91,468 single nucleotide polymorphisms based on double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and used these data to discover genome-wide associations for each trait, as well as to test for signatures of selection on the discovered architectures. Genetic structure across the introduced range of gypsy moth was low in magnitude (FST = 0.069), with signatures of bottlenecks and spatial expansion apparent in the rare portion of the allele frequency spectrum. Results from applications of Bayesian sparse linear mixed models were consistent with the presumed polygenic architectures of each trait. Further analyses indicated spatially divergent natural selection acting on larval development time and pupal mass, with the linkage disequilibrium component of this test acting as the main driver of observed patterns. The populations most important for these signals were two range-edge populations established less than 30 generations ago. We discuss the importance of rapid polygenic adaptation to the ability of non-native species to invade novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor M Faske
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brandon M Lind
- Integrative Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Erin M Hobson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dylan Parry
- Department of Environmental & Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York
| | - Rodney J Dyer
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Derek M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lily M Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Andrew J Eckert
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Faske TM, Thompson LM, Banahene N, Levorse A, Quiroga Herrera M, Sherman K, Timko SE, Yang B, Gray DR, Parry D, Tobin PC, Eckert AJ, Johnson DM, Grayson KL. Can gypsy moth stand the heat? A reciprocal transplant experiment with an invasive forest pest across its southern range margin. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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de Souza AC, Portela RCQ, de Mattos EA. Demographic processes limit upward altitudinal range expansion in a threatened tropical palm. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12238-12249. [PMID: 30598814 PMCID: PMC6303773 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that determine species' range limits is a key issue in ecology, and is fundamental for biodiversity conservation under widespread global environmental change. Elucidating how altitudinal variation affects demographic processes may provide important clues for understanding the factors limiting current and future species distributions, yet population dynamics at range limits are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lower abundance at a species' upper altitudinal range limit is related to lower vital rates. We compared the dynamics of two populations of the tropical palm Euterpe edulis, located near and at the edge of its altitudinal limit of distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data from four annual censuses, from 2012 to 2015, were used. We used matrix population models to estimate asymptotic population growth rates and the elasticity values for the vital rates of the two populations of E. edulis. Life table response experiments were used to compare population performance by measuring the contribution of each vital rate to population growth rates. Population growth rates were not significantly different from one in either population, indicating that both populations were stable during the study period. However, the abundance of all ontogenetic stages was lower at the altitudinal range limit, which was related to decreases in some vital rates, especially fecundity. Additionally, there were higher elasticity values for the survival of immatures and reproductive individuals, compared to all other vital rates, in both populations. Synthesis. Our results show that even a small-scale environmental variation near range limits is sufficient to drive changes in the demography of this threatened palm. A minor increase in elevation approaching the limit of altitudinal distribution may reduce environmental suitability and affect population vital rates, thus contributing to setting upper altitudinal range limits for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C. de Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rita C. Q. Portela
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Eduardo A. de Mattos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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May C, Hillerbrand N, Thompson LM, Faske TM, Martinez E, Parry D, Agosta SJ, Grayson KL. Geographic Variation in Larval Metabolic Rate Between Northern and Southern Populations of the Invasive Gypsy Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5052202. [PMID: 30010927 PMCID: PMC6041892 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermal regimes can diverge considerably across the geographic range of a species, and accordingly, populations can vary in their response to changing environmental conditions. Both local adaptation and acclimatization are important mechanisms for ectotherms to maintain homeostasis as environments become thermally stressful, which organisms often experience at their geographic range limits. The spatial spread of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) after introduction to North America provides an exemplary system for studying population variation in physiological traits given the gradient of climates encompassed by its current invasive range. This study quantifies differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) across temperature for four populations of gypsy moth, two from the northern and two from southern regions of their introduced range in North America. Gypsy moth larvae were reared at high and low thermal regimes, and then metabolic activity was monitored at four temperatures using stop-flow respirometry to test for an acclimation response. For all populations, there was a significant increase in RMR as respirometry test temperature increased. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find evidence for metabolic adaptation to colder environments based on our comparisons between northern and southern populations. We also found no evidence for an acclimation response of RMR to rearing temperature for three of the four pairwise comparisons examined. Understanding the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate in gypsy moth, and understanding the potential for changes in physiology at range extremes, is critical for estimating continued spatial spread of this invasive species both under current and potential future climatic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn May
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Trevor M Faske
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Eloy Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL
| | - Dylan Parry
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY
| | - Salvatore J Agosta
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Wilson K, Sheldon BC, Gaillard JM, Sanders NJ, Hoggart SPG, Newton E. And the winner of the inaugural Sidnie Manton Award is…. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:527-529. [PMID: 29652093 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ben C Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- CNRS, UMR 5558 "Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive", Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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