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Monk CT, Power M, Freitas C, Harrison PM, Heupel M, Kuparinen A, Moland E, Simpfendorfer C, Villegas-Ríos D, Olsen EM. Atlantic cod individual spatial behaviour and stable isotope associations in a no-take marine reserve. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2333-2347. [PMID: 37843043 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Foraging is a behavioural process and, therefore, individual behaviour and diet are theorized to covary. However, few comparisons of individual behaviour type and diet exist in the wild. We tested whether behaviour type and diet covary in a protected population of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Working in a no-take marine reserve, we could collect data on natural behavioural variation and diet choice with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. We inferred behaviour using acoustic telemetry and diet from stable isotope compositions (expressed as δ13 C and δ15 N values). We further investigated whether behaviour and diet could have survival costs. We found cod with shorter diel vertical migration distances fed at higher trophic levels. Cod δ13 C and δ15 N values scaled positively with body size. Neither behaviour nor diet predicted survival, indicating phenotypic diversity is maintained without survival costs for cod in a protected ecosystem. The links between diet and diel vertical migration highlight that future work is needed to understand whether the shifts in this behaviour during environmental change (e.g. fishing or climate), could lead to trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Monk
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Power
- Biology Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carla Freitas
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, His, Norway
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Madeira Tecnopolo, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Philip M Harrison
- Department of Biology and Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anna Kuparinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Even Moland
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Colin Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Esben M Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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