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Gómez-Barroso M, Moreno-Calderón KM, Sánchez-Duarte E, Cortés-Rojo C, Saavedra-Molina A, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Montoya-Pérez R. Diazoxide and Exercise Enhance Muscle Contraction during Obesity by Decreasing ROS Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Improving Glutathione Redox Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121232. [PMID: 33291828 PMCID: PMC7762033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which causes skeletal muscle dysfunction resulting in a decrease in contraction force and a reduced capacity to avoid fatigue, which overall, causes an increase in oxidative stress. KATP channel openers such as diazoxide and the implementation of exercise protocols have been reported to be actively involved in protecting skeletal muscle against metabolic stress; however, the effects of diazoxide and exercise on muscle contraction and oxidative stress during obesity have not been explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazoxide in the contraction of skeletal muscle of obese male Wistar rats (35 mg/kg), and with an exercise protocol (five weeks) and the combination from both. Results showed that the treatment with diazoxide and exercise improved muscular contraction, showing an increase in maximum tension and total tension due to decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and improved glutathione redox state. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and exercise improve muscle function during obesity, possibly through its effects as KATP channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gómez-Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; (M.G.-B.); (K.M.M.-C.); (C.C.-R.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Koré M. Moreno-Calderón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; (M.G.-B.); (K.M.M.-C.); (C.C.-R.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico;
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; (M.G.-B.); (K.M.M.-C.); (C.C.-R.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; (M.G.-B.); (K.M.M.-C.); (C.C.-R.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Av. Dr. Rafael Carrillo S/N, Esq. Dr. Salvador González Herrejón, Bosque Cuauhtémoc, Morelia, Michoacán 58020, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; (M.G.-B.); (K.M.M.-C.); (C.C.-R.); (A.S.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Sánchez-Duarte E, Cortés-Rojo C, Sánchez-Briones LA, Campos-García J, Saavedra-Molina A, Delgado-Enciso I, López-Lemus UA, Montoya-Pérez R. Nicorandil Affects Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Function by Increasing Complex III Activity and ROS Production in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:309-318. [PMID: 32620983 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channels openers (KATP) protect skeletal muscle against function impairment through the activation of the mitochondrial KATP channels (mitoKATP). Previous reports suggest that modulators of the mitochondrial KATP channels have additional effects on isolated mitochondria. To determine whether the KATP channel opener nicorandil has non-specific effects that explain its protective effect through the mitochondrial function, chicken muscle mitochondria were isolated, and respiration rate was determined pollarographically. The activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (I-IV) was measured using a spectrophotometric method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid peroxidation were assessed using flow cytometry and thiobarbituric acid assay, respectively. Both KATP channel opener nicorandil and KATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) decreased mitochondrial respiration; nicorandil increased complex III activity and decreased complex IV activity. The effects of nicorandil on complex III were antagonized by 5-HD. Nicorandil increased ROS levels, effect reverted by either 5-HD or the antioxidant N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG). None of these drugs affected lipid peroxidation levels. These findings suggest that KATP channel opener nicorandil increases mitochondrial ROS production from complex III. This results by partially blocking electron flow in the complex IV, setting electron carriers in a more reduced state, which is favored by the increase in complex III activity by nicorandil. Overall, our study showed that nicorandil like other mitochondrial KATP channel openers might not act through mitoKATP channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, 37150, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - C Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - L A Sánchez-Briones
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - J Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - A Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - I Delgado-Enciso
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333. Las Víboras, 28040, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - U A López-Lemus
- Center for Biodefense and Global Infectious Diseases, 28078, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - R Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Kimonis V, Surampalli A, Wencel M, Gold JA, Cowen NM. A randomized pilot efficacy and safety trial of diazoxide choline controlled-release in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221615. [PMID: 31545799 PMCID: PMC6756513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic condition characterized by hyperphagia, hypotonia, low muscle mass, excess body fat, developmental delays, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and growth hormone deficiency. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of orally administered Diazoxide Choline Controlled-Release Tablets (DCCR) in subjects with PWS. Method This was a single-center, Phase II study and included a 10-week Open-Label Treatment Period during which subjects were dose escalated, followed by a 4-week Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Treatment Period. Results Five female and eight male overweight or obese, adolescent and adult subjects with genetically-confirmed PWS with an average age of 15.5±2.9 years were enrolled in the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in hyperphagia at the end of the Open-Label Treatment Period (-4.32, n = 11, p = 0.006). The onset of effect on hyperphagia was rapid and greater reductions in hyperphagia were seen in subjects with moderate to severe Baseline hyperphagia (-5.50, n = 6, p = 0.03), in subjects treated with the highest dose (-6.25, n = 4, p = 0.08), and in subjects with moderate to severe Baseline hyperphagia treated with the highest dose (-7.83, n = 3, p = 0.09). DCCR treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of subjects displaying aggressive behaviors (-57.1%, n = 10, p = 0.01), clinically-relevant reductions in fat mass (-1.58 kg, n = 11, p = 0.02) and increases in lean body mass (2.26 kg, n = 11, p = 0.003). There was a corresponding decrease in waist circumference, and trends for improvements in lipids and insulin resistance. The most common adverse events were peripheral edema and transient increases in glucose. Many of the adverse events were common medical complications of PWS and diazoxide. Conclusion DCCR treatment appears to address various unmet needs associated with PWS, including hyperphagia and aggressive behaviors in this proof-of-concept study. If the results were replicated in a larger scale study, DCCR may be a preferred therapeutic option for patients with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Abhilasha Surampalli
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Marie Wencel
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - June-Anne Gold
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Neil M. Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, United States of America
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Javdan N, Ayatollahi SA, Choudhary MI, Al-Hasani S, Kobarfard F, Mokhtarian K, Khoshmirsafa M, Ata A. Tsc1/Tsc2 complex: A molecular target of capsaicin for protection against testicular torsion induced injury in rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Farrokhi M, Gashti MZ, Hoormand M, Bakhtiarian A, Habibi R. Combination therapy profoundly improved skin flap survival by modulating KATP channels and nitric oxide. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:117-123. [PMID: 30640077 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A potential therapeutic approach on skin flap necrosis is to target parallel pathways involved in necrosis. Azelaic Acid, Minoxidil and Caffeine combination was tried on skin flap survival by their possible interaction with ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and nitric oxide pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprauge-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups for skin flap surgery. Azelaic acid, minoxidil, caffeine, or their combination were applied topically in different groups. Two additional groups were treated with L-NAME or glibenclamide in addition to the combination therapy. Percentage of flap necrosis was calculated and flap samples were removed to measure tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. RESULTS Combination therapy profoundly decreased skin flap necrosis, tissue MDA contents, and expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax (p < 0.05 vs. single treatments). These effects were reversed by L-NAME and glibenclamide pre-treatments. Further evaluations showed combination therapy increases flap tissue NO content and iNOS expression (p < 0.05 vs. single treatments). CONCLUSION Beneficial effect of the combination therapy with azelaic acid, minoxidil and caffeine therapy on rescuing the flap from necrosis by targeting parallel signaling pathways suggested potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Farrokhi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Bakhtiarian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rohalah Habibi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction of Molineria latifolia rhizome restores oxidant-antioxidant balance by possible engagement of KEAP1-NRF2 and PKC/NF-κB signalling pathways. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Javdan N, Ayatollahi SA, Iqbal Choudhary M, Al-Hasani S, Pazoki-Toroudi H. FOXO1 targeting by capsaicin reduces tissue damage after testicular torsion. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12987. [PMID: 29411905 DOI: 10.1111/and.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion-related oxidative stress causes a sequential chain of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death that leads to the derangement in the sperm functions and infertility. Capsaicin that has been applied for pain relief and cancer prevention possesses antioxidant properties which can be exploited to confer cell survival under ischaemic testis damage. Wistar male rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into four groups: (i) sham group (all procedures except torsion of testis), (ii) ischaemia group (TT group), (iii) three TT groups treated with different dose of capsaicin (TT + different doses of Cap) and (iv) three control groups treated with different doses of capsaicin (100, 500 and 1000 ug/ml). Capsaicin administration significantly decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors. Likewise, the expression of FOXO1 is significantly increased by higher doses of the capsaicin. Histological assessment by H&E and TUNEL method also exhibited an improved testicular morphology and decreased apoptosis in testes. These results suggested clinical potential for capsaicin in treatment of testicular torsion by targeting FOXO1 and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Javdan
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - H Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction isolated from Molineria latifolia ameliorates insulin resistance in experimental diabetic rats via IRS1/AKT activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sánchez-Duarte E, Trujillo X, Cortés-Rojo C, Saavedra-Molina A, Camargo G, Hernández L, Huerta M, Montoya-Pérez R. Nicorandil improves post-fatigue tension in slow skeletal muscle fibers by modulating glutathione redox state. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:159-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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