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Sun T, Li Y, Li J, Gao J, Zhang J, Fischer R, Shen Q, Yu Z. Red and far-red light improve the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma guizhouense against phytopathogenic fungi by promoting phytochrome-dependent aerial hyphal growth. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011282. [PMID: 38768261 PMCID: PMC11142658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Light as a source of information regulates morphological and physiological processes of fungi, including development, primary and secondary metabolism, or the circadian rhythm. Light signaling in fungi depends on photoreceptors and downstream components that amplify the signal to govern the expression of an array of genes. Here, we investigated the effects of red and far-red light in the mycoparasite Trichoderma guizhouense on its mycoparasitic potential. We show that the invasion strategy of T. guizhouense depends on the attacked species and that red and far-red light increased aerial hyphal growth and led to faster overgrowth or invasion of the colonies. Molecular experiments and transcriptome analyses revealed that red and far-red light are sensed by phytochrome FPH1 and further transmitted by the downstream MAPK HOG pathway and the bZIP transcription factor ATF1. Overexpression of the red- and far-red light-induced fluffy gene fluG in the dark resulted in abundant aerial hyphae formation and thereby improvement of its antagonistic ability against phytopathogenic fungi. Hence, light-induced fluG expression is important for the mycoparasitic interaction. The increased aggressiveness of fluG-overexpressing strains was phenocopied by four random mutants obtained after UV mutagenesis. Therefore, aerial hyphae formation appears to be a trait for the antagonistic potential of T. guizhouense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li T, Liu Y, Zhu H, Cao L, Zhou Y, Liu D, Shen Q. Cellular ATP redistribution achieved by deleting Tgparp improves lignocellulose utilization of Trichoderma under heat stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:54. [PMID: 38637859 PMCID: PMC11027231 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermotolerance is widely acknowledged as a pivotal factor for fungal survival across diverse habitats. Heat stress induces a cascade of disruptions in various life processes, especially in the acquisition of carbon sources, while the mechanisms by which filamentous fungi adapt to heat stress and maintain carbon sources are still not fully understood. RESULTS Using Trichoderma guizhouense, a representative beneficial microorganism for plants, we discover that heat stress severely inhibits the lignocellulases secretion, affecting carbon source utilization efficiency. Proteomic results at different temperatures suggest that proteins involved in the poly ADP-ribosylation pathway (TgPARP and TgADPRase) may play pivotal roles in thermal adaptation and lignocellulose utilization. TgPARP is induced by heat stress, while the deletion of Tgparp significantly improves the lignocellulose utilization capacity and lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense. Simultaneously, the absence of Tgparp prevents the excessive depletion of ATP and NAD+, enhances the protective role of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevates the expression levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related regulatory factor Tgire. Further investigations reveal that a stable MMP can establish energy homeostasis, allocating more ATP within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to reduce protein accumulation in the ER, thereby enhancing the lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense under heat stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings underscored the significance of Tgparp as pivotal regulators in lignocellulose utilization under heat stress and provided further insights into the molecular mechanism of filamentous fungi in utilizing lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhua Cao
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China.
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Li Y, Lu H, Sun T, Gao J, Zhang J, Shen Q, Yu Z. The bZIP transcription factor ATF1 regulates blue light and oxidative stress responses in Trichoderma guizhouense. MLIFE 2023; 2:365-377. [PMID: 38818272 PMCID: PMC10989065 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In several filamentous fungi, incident light and environmental stress signaling share the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) HOG (SAK) pathway. It has been revealed that short-term illumination with blue light triggers the activation of the HOG pathway in Trichoderma spp. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF1 in blue light responses and signaling downstream of the MAPK HOG1 in Trichoderma guizhouense. The lack of ATF1 severely impaired photoconidiation and delayed vegetative growth and conidial germination. Upon blue light or H2O2 stimuli, HOG1 interacted with ATF1 in the nucleus. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that 61.8% (509 out of 824) and 85.2% (702 out of 824) of blue light-regulated genes depended on ATF1 and HOG1, respectively, of which 58.4% (481 out of 824) were regulated by both of them. Our results also show that blue light promoted conidial germination and HOG1 and ATF1 played opposite roles in controlling conidial germination in the dark. Additionally, the lack of ATF1 led to reduced oxidative stress resistance, probably because of the downregulation of catalase-encoding genes. Overall, our results demonstrate that ATF1 is the downstream component of HOG1 and is responsible for blue light responses, conidial germination, vegetative growth, and oxidative stress resistance in T. guizhouense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Yanshen Li
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Huanhong Lu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Tingting Sun
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of MicrobiologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)—South Campus, Institute for Applied BiosciencesKarlsruheGermany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Qirong Shen
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationAgricultural Microbial Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Center of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
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Xiong Q, Yang J, Ni S. Microbiome-Mediated Protection against Pathogens in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16118. [PMID: 38003306 PMCID: PMC10671361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens, especially invasive species, have caused significant global ecological, economic, and social losses in forests. Plant disease research has traditionally focused on direct interactions between plants and pathogens in an appropriate environment. However, recent research indicates that the microbiome can interact with the plant host and pathogens to modulate plant resistance or pathogen pathogenicity, thereby altering the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. Thus, this presents new opportunities for studying the microbial management of forest diseases. Compared to parallel studies on human and crop microbiomes, research into the forest tree microbiome and its critical role in forest disease progression has lagged. The rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis technologies has resulted in the rapid accumulation of a large body of evidence regarding the association between forest microbiomes and diseases. These data will aid the development of innovative, effective, and environmentally sustainable methods for the microbial management of forest diseases. Herein, we summarize the most recent findings on the dynamic structure and composition of forest tree microbiomes in belowground and aboveground plant tissues (i.e., rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere), as well as their pleiotropic impact on plant immunity and pathogen pathogenicity, highlighting representative examples of biological control agents used to modulate relevant tree microbiomes. Lastly, we discuss the potential application of forest tree microbiomes in disease control as well as their future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.Y.); (S.N.)
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5
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Liu H, Wang S, Lang B, Li Y, Wang X, Chen J. Fused expression of Sm1-Chit42 proteins for synergistic mycoparasitic response of Trichoderma afroharzianum on Botrytis cinerea. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37592265 PMCID: PMC10433591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sm1 and Chit42 of Trichoderma have been universally confirmed as crucial biocontrol factors against pathogen infection through induced resistance and mycoparasitism, respectively. However, not enough work has been conducted to understand the novel function of fused expression of these two proteins in Trichoderma. The results of this study demonstrated that Sm1-Chit42 protein (SCf) engineered T. afroharzianum strain OE:SCf exerted synergistic inhibition to Botrytis cinerea growth at multiple stages of mycoparasitic interaction of T. afroharzianum and B. cinerea including chemotropism sensing, hyphal coiling, hydrophobicity modulation, cell wall adhesion, virulence reduction and pathogen killing by ROS. These results highlight a novel mycoparasitic system in Trichoderma strains engineered with Sm1-Chit42 chimeric protein to combat B. cinerea growth and reproduction, which would lay a strong foundation for exploring a new engineered Trichoderma biofungicide created with chimeric proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Profile of Dr. Qirong Shen. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1725-1727. [PMID: 37452898 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
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7
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Živanović BD, Ullrich K, Spasić SZ, Galland P. Auxin- and pH-induced guttation in Phycomyces sporangiophores: relation between guttation and diminished elongation growth. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1109-1133. [PMID: 36622433 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Guttation, the formation of exudation water, is widespread among plants and fungi, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We describe the conditions for inducing guttation in sporangiophores of the mucoracean fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Cultivation on peptone-enriched potato dextrose agar elicits vigorous guttation mainly below the apical growing zone, while sporangiophores raised on a glucose-mineral medium manifest only moderate guttation. Mycelia do not guttate irrespective of the employed media. The topology of guttation droplets allows identifying the non-growing part of the sporangiophore as a guttation zone, which responds to humidity and medium composition in ways that become relevant for turgor homeostasis and thus the sensor physiology of the growing zone. Apparently, the entire sporangiophore, rather than exclusively the growing zone, participates in signal reception and integration to generate a common growth output. Exogenous auxin applied to the growing zones elicits two correlated responses: (i) formation of guttation droplets in the growing and transition zones below the sporangium and (ii) a diminution of the growth rate. In sporangiophore populations, guttation-induction by exogenous control buffer occurs at low frequencies; the bias for guttation increases with increasing auxin concentration. Synthetic auxins and the transport inhibitor NPA suppress guttation completely, but leave growth rates largely unaffected. Mutants C2 carA and C148 carA madC display higher sensitivities for auxin-induced guttation compared to wild type. A working model for guttation includes aquaporins and mechanosensitive ion channels that we identified in Phycomyces by sequence domain searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka D Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kristian Ullrich
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, August Thienemann Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Sladjana Z Spasić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paul Galland
- Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-Von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Tao C, Wang Z, Liu S, Lv N, Deng X, Xiong W, Shen Z, Zhang N, Geisen S, Li R, Shen Q, Kowalchuk GA. Additive fungal interactions drive biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1198-1214. [PMID: 36740577 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host-associated fungi can help protect plants from pathogens, and empirical evidence suggests that such microorganisms can be manipulated by introducing probiotic to increase disease suppression. However, we still generally lack the mechanistic knowledge of what determines the success of probiotic application, hampering the development of reliable disease suppression strategies. We conducted a three-season consecutive microcosm experiment in which we amended banana Fusarium wilt disease-conducive soil with Trichoderma-amended biofertilizer or lacking this inoculum. High-throughput sequencing was complemented with cultivation-based methods to follow changes in fungal microbiome and explore potential links with plant health. Trichoderma application increased banana biomass by decreasing disease incidence by up to 72%, and this effect was attributed to changes in fungal microbiome, including the reduction in Fusarium oxysporum density and enrichment of pathogen-suppressing fungi (Humicola). These changes were accompanied by an expansion in microbial carbon resource utilization potential, features that contribute to disease suppression. We further demonstrated the disease suppression actions of Trichoderma-Humicola consortia, and results suggest niche overlap with pathogen and induction of plant systemic resistance may be mechanisms driving the observed biocontrol effects. Together, we demonstrate that fungal inoculants can modify the composition and functioning of the resident soil fungal microbiome to suppress soilborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zongzhuan Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
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Insights on KP4 Killer Toxin-like Proteins of Fusarium Species in Interspecific Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090968. [PMID: 36135693 PMCID: PMC9506348 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KP4 killer toxins are secreted proteins that inhibit cell growth and induce cell death in target organisms. In Fusarium graminearum, KP4-like (KP4L) proteins contribute to fungal virulence in wheat seedling rot and are expressed during Fusarium head blight development. However, fungal KP4L proteins are also hypothesized to support fungal antagonism by permeabilizing cell walls of competing fungi to enable penetration of toxic compounds. Here, we report the differential expression patterns of F. graminearum KP4L genes (Fgkp4l-1, -2, -3 and -4) in a competitive interaction, using Trichoderma gamsii as the antagonist. The results from dual cultures indicate that Fgkp4l-3 and Fgkp4l-4 could participate in the recognition at the distance of the antagonist, while all Fgkp4l genes were highly activated in the pathogen during the physical interaction of both fungi. Only Fgkp4l-4 was up-regulated during the interaction with T. gamsii in wheat spikes. This suggests the KP4L proteins could participate in supporting F. graminearum interspecific interactions, even in living plant tissues. The distribution of KP4L orthologous within the genus Fusarium revealed they are more represented in species with broad host-plant range than in host-specific species. Phylogeny inferred provides evidence that KP4L genes evolved through gene duplications, gene loss and sequence diversification in the genus Fusarium.
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Harpke M, Pietschmann S, Ueberschaar N, Krüger T, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Nietzsche S, Kothe E. Salt and Metal Tolerance Involves Formation of Guttation Droplets in Species of the Aspergillus versicolor Complex. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091631. [PMID: 36140799 PMCID: PMC9498632 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of the Aspergillus versicolor complex were isolated from a salty marsh at a former uranium mining site in Thuringia, Germany. The strains from a metal-rich environment were not only highly salt tolerant (up to 20% NaCl), but at the same time could sustain elevated Cs and Sr (both up to 100 mM) concentrations as well as other (heavy) metals present in the environment. During growth experiments when screening for differential cell morphology, the occurrence of guttation droplets was observed, specifically when elevated Sr concentrations of 25 mM were present in the media. To analyze the potential of metal tolerance being promoted by these excretions, proteomics and metabolomics of guttation droplets were performed. Indeed, proteins involved in up-regulated metabolic activities as well as in stress responses were identified. The metabolome verified the presence of amino sugars, glucose homeostasis-regulating substances, abscisic acid and bioactive alkaloids, flavones and quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Harpke
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietschmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Adolf-Reichwein-St. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Adolf-Reichwein-St. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Adolf-Reichwein-St. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Exploring the multi-level regulation of lignocellulases in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 from an omics perspective. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:144. [PMID: 35842666 PMCID: PMC9288086 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Filamentous fungi are highly efficient at deconstructing plant biomass by secreting a variety of enzymes, but the complex enzymatic regulation underlying this process is not conserved and remains unclear. Results In this study, cellulases and xylanases could specifically respond to Avicel- and xylan-induction, respectively, in lignocellulose-degrading strain Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742, however, the differentially regulated cellulases and xylanases were both under the absolute control of the same TgXyr1-mediated pathway. Further analysis showed that Avicel could specifically induce cellulase expression, which supported the existence of an unknown specific regulator of cellulases in strain NJAU4742. The xylanase secretion is very complex, GH10 endoxylanases could only be induced by Avicel, while, other major xylanases were significantly induced by both Avicel and xylan. For GH10 xylanases, an unknown specific regulator was also deduced to exist. Meanwhile, the post-transcriptional inhibition was subsequently suggested to stop the Avicel-induced xylanases secretion, which explained the specifically high xylanase activities when induced by xylan in strain NJAU4742. Additionally, an economical strategy used by strain NJAU4742 was proposed to sense the environmental lignocellulose under the carbon starvation condition, that only slightly activating 4 lignocellulose-degrading genes before largely secreting all 33 TgXyr1-controlled lignocellulases if confirming the existence of lignocellulose components. Conclusions This study, aiming to explore the unknown mechanisms of plant biomass-degrading enzymes regulation through the combined omics analysis, will open directions for in-depth understanding the complex carbon utilization in filamentous fungi. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01869-3.
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12
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Chen S, Daly P, Zhou D, Li J, Wang X, Deng S, Feng H, Wang C, Sheikh TMM, Chen Y, Xue T, Cai F, Kubicek CP, Wei L, Druzhinina IS. The use of mutant and engineered microbial agents for biological control of plant diseases caused by Pythium: Achievements versus challenges. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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14
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Li Y, Shao J, Fu Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Xu Z, Feng H, Xun W, Liu Y, Zhang N, Shen Q, Xuan W, Zhang R. The volatile cedrene from Trichoderma guizhouense modulates Arabidopsis root development through auxin transport and signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:969-984. [PMID: 34800291 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms interact with plant roots by producing chemical signals that regulate root development. However, the distinct bioactive compounds and signal transduction pathways remain to be identified. Here, we showed that sesquiterpenes are the main volatile compounds produced by plant-beneficial Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742. Inhibition of sesquiterpene biosynthesis eliminated the promoting effect of this strain on root growth, indicating its involvement in plant-fungus cross-kingdom signalling. Sesquiterpene component analysis identified cedrene, a highly abundant sesquiterpene in strain NJAU4742, to stimulate plant growth and root development. Genetic analysis and auxin transport inhibition showed that the TIR1 and AFB2 auxin receptors, IAA14 auxin-responsive protein, and ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors affected the response of lateral roots to cedrene. Moreover, the AUX1 auxin influx carrier and PIN2 efflux carrier were also found to be indispensable for cedrene-induced lateral root formation. Confocal imaging showed that cedrene affected the expression of pPIN2:PIN2:GFP and pPIN3:PIN3:GFP, which might be related to the effect of cedrene on root morphology. These results suggested that a novel sesquiterpene molecule from plant-beneficial T. guizhouense regulates plant root development through the transport and signalling of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansong Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haichao Feng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Xun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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A Simple and Low-Cost Strategy to Improve Conidial Yield and Stress Resistance of Trichoderma guizhouense through Optimizing Illumination Conditions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010050. [PMID: 35049990 PMCID: PMC8779183 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is perceived by photoreceptors in fungi and further integrated into the stress-activated MAPK HOG pathway, and thereby potentially activates the expression of genes for stress responses. This indicates that the precise control of light conditions can likely improve the conidial yield and stress resistance to guarantee the low cost and long shelf life of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. In this study, effects of wavelengths and intensities of light on conidial yield and stress tolerance to osmotic, oxidative and pH stresses in Trichoderma guizhouense were investigated. We found that 2 μmol photons/(m2 × s) of blue light increased the conidial yield more than 1000 folds as compared to dark condition and simultaneously enhanced conidial stress resistance. The enhanced conidial stress resistance is probably due to the upregulated stress-related genes in blue light, which is under the control of the blue light receptor BLR1 and the MAP kinase HOG1.
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16
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Dautt-Castro M, Jijón-Moreno S, Gómez-Hernández N, del Carmen González-López M, Hernández-Hernández EJ, Rosendo-Vargas MM, Rebolledo-Prudencio OG, Casas-Flores S. New Insights on the Duality of Trichoderma as a Phytopathogen Killer and a Plant Protector Based on an Integrated Multi-omics Perspective. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Dou K, Pang G, Cai F, Chenthamara K, Zhang J, Liu H, Druzhinina IS, Chen J. Functional Genetics of Trichoderma Mycoparasitism. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Cai F, Dou K, Wang P, Chenthamara K, Chen J, Druzhinina IS. The Current State of Trichoderma Taxonomy and Species Identification. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Tr-milRNA1 Contributes to Lignocellulase Secretion under Heat Stress by Regulating the Lectin-Type Cargo Receptor Gene Trvip36 in Trichoderma guizhouence NJAU 4742. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7120997. [PMID: 34946980 PMCID: PMC8704016 DOI: 10.3390/jof7120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA plays an important role in multifarious biological processes by regulating their corresponding target genes. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of fungal microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, combined with deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, milRNAs and their targets from Trichoderma guizhouence NJAU 4742 were isolated and identified under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by using rice straw as the sole carbon source at 28 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Results: A critical milRNA, TGA1_S04_31828 (Tr-milRNA1), was highly expressed under heat stress (37 °C) and adaptively regulated lignocellulase secretion. Overexpression of Tr-milRNA1 (OE-Tr-milRNA1) did not affect vegetative growth, but significantly increased lignocellulose utilization under heat stress. Based on the bioinformatics analysis and qPCR validation, a target of Tr-milRNA1 was identified as Trvip36, a lectin-type cargo receptor. The expression of Tr-milRNA1 and Trvip36 showed a divergent trend under SSF when the temperature was increased from 28 °C to 37 °C. In addition, the expression of Trvip36 was suppressed significantly in Tr-milRNA1 overexpression strain (OE-Tr-milRNA1). Compared with the wild type, deletion of Trvip36 (ΔTrvip36) significantly improved the secretion of lignocellulases by reducing the retention of lignocellulases in the ER under heat stress. Conclusions: Tr-milRNA1 from NJAU 4742 improved lignocellulose utilization under heat stress by regulating the expression of the corresponding target gene Trvip36. These findings might open avenues for exploring the mechanism of lignocellulase secretion in filamentous fungi.
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20
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Cai F, Zhao Z, Gao R, Chen P, Ding M, Jiang S, Fu Z, Xu P, Chenthamara K, Shen Q, Bayram Akcapinar G, Druzhinina IS. The pleiotropic functions of intracellular hydrophobins in aerial hyphae and fungal spores. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009924. [PMID: 34788288 PMCID: PMC8635391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fungi can rapidly produce large numbers of spores suitable for aerial dispersal. The efficiency of the dispersal and spore resilience to abiotic stresses correlate with their hydrophobicity provided by the unique amphiphilic and superior surface-active proteins-hydrophobins (HFBs)-that self-assemble at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces and thus modulate surface properties. Using the HFB-enriched mold Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and the HFB-free yeast Pichia pastoris (Saccharomycetales, Ascomycota), we revealed that the rapid release of HFBs by aerial hyphae shortly prior to conidiation is associated with their intracellular accumulation in vacuoles and/or lipid-enriched organelles. The occasional internalization of the latter organelles in vacuoles can provide the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface for the assembly of HFB layers and thus result in the formation of HFB-enriched vesicles and vacuolar multicisternal structures (VMSs) putatively lined up by HFBs. These HFB-enriched vesicles and VMSs can become fused in large tonoplast-like organelles or move to the periplasm for secretion. The tonoplast-like structures can contribute to the maintenance of turgor pressure in aerial hyphae supporting the erection of sporogenic structures (e.g., conidiophores) and provide intracellular force to squeeze out HFB-enriched vesicles and VMSs from the periplasm through the cell wall. We also show that the secretion of HFBs occurs prior to the conidiation and reveal that the even spore coating of HFBs deposited in the extracellular matrix requires microscopic water droplets that can be either guttated by the hyphae or obtained from the environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that at least one HFB, HFB4 in T. guizhouense, is produced and secreted by wetted spores. We show that this protein possibly controls spore dormancy and contributes to the water sensing mechanism required for the detection of germination conditions. Thus, intracellular HFBs have a range of pleiotropic functions in aerial hyphae and spores and are essential for fungal development and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renwei Gao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Komal Chenthamara
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QS); (ISD)
| | - Günseli Bayram Akcapinar
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irina S. Druzhinina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (QS); (ISD)
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21
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Williams K, Greco C, Bailey AM, Willis CL. Core Steps to the Azaphilone Family of Fungal Natural Products. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3027-3036. [PMID: 34190382 PMCID: PMC8596599 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Azaphilones are a family of polyketide-based fungal natural products that exhibit interesting and useful bioactivities. This minireview explores the literature on various characterised azaphilone biosynthetic pathways, which allows for a proposed consensus scheme for the production of the core azaphilone structure, as well as identifying early diversification steps during azaphilone biosynthesis. A consensus understanding of the core enzymatic steps towards a particular family of fungal natural products can aid in genome-mining experiments. Genome mining for novel fungal natural products is a powerful technique for both exploring chemical space and providing new insights into fungal natural product pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Williams
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Claudio Greco
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Andrew M. Bailey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
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22
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Li Y, Sun T, Guo D, Gao J, Zhang J, Cai F, Fischer R, Shen Q, Yu Z. Comprehensive analysis of the regulatory network of blue-light-regulated conidiation and hydrophobin production in Trichoderma guizhouense. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6241-6256. [PMID: 34472181 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidia of Trichoderma guizhouense (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are frequently applied to the production of biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. Conidiation of some Trichoderma species depends on blue light and the action of different blue light receptors. However, the interplay between different blue-light receptors in light signalling remained elusive. Here, we studied the functions of the blue light receptors BLR1 and ENV1, and the MAP kinase HOG1 in blue light signalling in T. guizhouense. We found that the BLR1 dominates light responses and ENV1 is responsible for photoadaptation. Genome-wide gene expression analyses revealed that 1615 genes, accounting for ~13.4% of the genes annotated in the genome, are blue-light regulated in T. guizhouense, and remarkably, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 61 transcription factors. BLR1 and HOG1 are the core components of the light signalling network, which control 79.9% and 73.9% of the DEGs respectively. In addition, the strict regulation of hydrophobin production by the blue light signalling network is impressive. Our study unravels the regulatory network based on the blue light receptors and the MAPK HOG pathway for conidiation, hydrophobin production and other processes in T. guizhouense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Degang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Krain A, Siupka P. Fungal Guttation, a Source of Bioactive Compounds, and Its Ecological Role-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091270. [PMID: 34572483 PMCID: PMC8467351 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Guttation is a common phenomenon in the fungal kingdom. Its occurrence and intensity depend largely on culture conditions, such as growth medium composition or incubation temperature. As filamentous fungi are a rich source of compounds, possessing various biological activities, guttation exudates could also contain bioactive substances. Among such molecules, researchers have already found numerous mycotoxins, antimicrobials, insecticides, bioherbicides, antiviral, and anticancer agents in exudate droplets. They belong to either secondary metabolites (SMs) or proteins and are secreted with different intensities. The background of guttation, in terms of its biological role, in vivo, and promoting factors, has been explored only partially. In this review, we describe the metabolites present in fungal exudates, their diversity, and bioactivities. Pointing to the significance of fungal ecology and natural products discovery, selected aspects of guttation in the fungi are discussed.
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Ning JY, Zhu XD, Liu HG, Yu GH. Coupling thermophilic composting and vermicomposting processes to remove Cr from biogas residues and produce high value-added biofertilizers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124869. [PMID: 33639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Removing pollutants and producing high value-added products are essential steps for sustainable disposal and utilization of biogas residues. Here, a coupled thermophilic composting and vermicomposting process was used to remove Cr from biogas residues, and the composting products were co-fermented with the plant growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma to produce high value-added biofertilizers. The results showed that thermophilic composting for 37 d markedly increased the total content of Cr but decreased the percentage of available Cr fractions. Synchrotron-radiation-based observations further provided direct evidence of the binding sites to support the results from traditional sequential extraction. At a density of 60 g earthworm/kg biogas residues, vermicomposting removed 23-31% of Cr from biogas residues. After vermicomposting, co-fermentation of biogas residues and Trichoderma was optimized, in which Trichoderma spores were 2-5 × 108 cfu/g substrates. Together, coupling thermophilic composting and vermicomposting processes is a promising technique to remove a portion of heavy metals from biogas residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Ning
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai-Gang Liu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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25
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Zhu H, Zhang J, Gao Q, Pang G, Sun T, Li R, Yu Z, Shen Q. A new atypical short-chain dehydrogenase is required for interfungal combat and conidiation in Trichoderma guizhouense. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5784-5801. [PMID: 33788384 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypocrealean Trichoderma are the most extensively studied facultative mycoparasites against phytopathogenic fungi. Aerial hyphae of Trichoderma guizhouense can rapidly proliferate over Fusarium oxysporum hyphae, cause sporadic cell death and arrest the growth of the host. The results of the present study demonstrated that a unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR), designated as TgSDR1, was expressed at a high level in T. guizhouense challenged by the hosts. Similar to other SDRs family members, the TgSDR1 protein contains a cofactor-binding motif and a catalytic site. The subcellular localization assay revealed that the TgSDR1::GFP fusion protein translocated to lipid droplets in mycelia and conidia. The data obtained using reverse genetic approach indicated that TgSDR1 is associated with antifungal ability, plays an important role in providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH and regulates the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism in T. guizhouense upon encountering a host. Moreover, the TgSDR1 deletion mutant was defective in conidiation. Thus, TgSDR1 functions as a key metabolic enzyme in T. guizhouense to regulate mycotrophic interactions, defence against other fungi, such as F. oxysporum, and conidiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Guan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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26
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Zhao Z, Cai F, Gao R, Ding M, Jiang S, Chen P, Pang G, Chenthamara K, Shen Q, Bayram Akcapinar G, Druzhinina IS. At least three families of hyphosphere small secreted cysteine-rich proteins can optimize surface properties to a moderately hydrophilic state suitable for fungal attachment. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5750-5768. [PMID: 33538393 PMCID: PMC8596622 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secretomes of filamentous fungi contain a diversity of small secreted cysteine‐rich proteins (SSCPs) that have a variety of properties ranging from toxicity to surface activity. Some SSCPs are recognized by other organisms as indicators of fungal presence, but their function in fungi is not fully understood. We detected a new family of fungal surface‐active SSCPs (saSSCPs), here named hyphosphere proteins (HFSs). An evolutionary analysis of the HFSs in Pezizomycotina revealed a unique pattern of eight single cysteine residues (C‐CXXXC‐C‐C‐C‐C‐C) and a long evolutionary history of multiple gene duplications and ancient interfungal lateral gene transfers, suggesting their functional significance for fungi with different lifestyles. Interestingly, recombinantly produced saSSCPs from three families (HFSs, hydrophobins and cerato‐platanins) showed convergent surface‐modulating activity on glass and on poly(ethylene‐terephthalate), transforming their surfaces to a moderately hydrophilic state, which significantly favoured subsequent hyphal attachment. The addition of purified saSSCPs to the tomato rhizosphere had mixed effects on hyphal attachment to roots, while all tested saSSCPs had an adverse effect on plant growth in vitro. We propose that the exceptionally high diversity of saSSCPs in Trichoderma and other fungi evolved to efficiently condition various surfaces in the hyphosphere to a fungal‐beneficial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Komal Chenthamara
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Günseli Bayram Akcapinar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Zapparata A, Baroncelli R, Brandström Durling M, Kubicek CP, Karlsson M, Vannacci G, Sarrocco S. Fungal cross-talk: an integrated approach to study distance communication. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 148:103518. [PMID: 33497840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the interest on fungi as eukaryotic model systems, the molecular mechanisms regulating the fungal non-self-recognition at a distance have not been studied so far. This paper investigates the molecular mechanisms regulating the cross-talk at a distance between two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma gamsii and Fusarium graminearum which establish a mycoparasitic interaction where T. gamsii and F. graminearum play the roles of mycoparasite and prey, respectively. In the present work, we use an integrated approach involving dual culture tests, comparative genomics and transcriptomics to investigate the fungal interaction before contact ('sensing phase'). Dual culture tests demonstrate that growth rate of F. graminearum accelerates in presence of T. gamsii at the sensing phase. T. gamsii up-regulates the expression of a ferric reductase involved in iron acquisition, while F. graminearum up-regulates the expression of genes coding for transmembrane transporters and killer toxins. At the same time, T. gamsii decreases the level of extracellular interaction by down-regulating genes coding for hydrolytic enzymes acting on fungal cell wall (chitinases). Given the importance of fungi as eukaryotic model systems and the ever-increasing genomic resources available, the integrated approach hereby presented can be applied to other interactions to deepen the knowledge on fungal communication at a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zapparata
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Vannacci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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28
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Abstract
The production of biofuels from plant biomass is dependent on the availability of enzymes that can hydrolyze the plant cell wall polysaccharides to their monosaccharides. These enzyme mixtures are formed by microorganisms but their native compositions and properties are often not ideal for application. Genetic engineering of these microorganisms is therefore necessary, in which introduction of DNA is an essential precondition. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei-the main producer of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes for biofuels and other industries-has been subjected to intensive genetic engineering toward this goal and has become one of the iconic examples of the successful genetic improvement of fungi. However, the genetic manipulation of other enzyme-producing Trichoderma species is frequently less efficient and, therefore, rarely managed. In this chapter, we therefore describe the two potent methods of Trichoderma transformation mediated by either (a) polyethylene glycol (PEG) or (b) Agrobacterium. The methods are optimized for T. reesei but can also be applied for such transformation-resilient species as T. harzianum and T. guizhouense, which are putative upcoming alternatives for T. reesei in this field. The protocols are simple, do not require extensive training or special equipment, and can be further adjusted for T. reesei mutants with particular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,FungiG, Fungal Genomics Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. .,FungiG, Fungal Genomics Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Ding M, Chen W, Ma X, Lv B, Jiang S, Yu Y, Rahimi M, Gao R, Zhao Z, Cai F, Druzhinina I. Emerging salt marshes as a source of Trichoderma arenarium sp. nov. and other fungal bioeffectors for biosaline agriculture. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 130:179-195. [PMID: 32590882 PMCID: PMC7818382 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sustainable agriculture requires effective and safe biofertilizers and biofungicides with low environmental impact. Natural ecosystems that closely resemble the conditions of biosaline agriculture may present a reservoir for fungal strains that can be used as novel bioeffectors. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated a library of fungi from the rhizosphere of three natural halotolerant plants grown in the emerging tidal salt marshes on the south-east coast of China. DNA barcoding of 116 isolates based on the rRNA ITS1 and 2 and other markers (tef1 or rpb2) revealed 38 fungal species, including plant pathogenic (41%), saprotrophic (24%) and mycoparasitic (28%) taxa. The mycoparasitic fungi were mainly species from the hypocrealean genus Trichoderma, including at least four novel phylotypes. Two of them, representing the taxa Trichoderma arenarium sp. nov. (described here) and T. asperelloides, showed antagonistic activity against five phytopathogenic fungi, and significant growth promotion on tomato seedlings under the conditions of saline agriculture. CONCLUSIONS Trichoderma spp. of salt marshes play the role of natural biological control in young soil ecosystems with a putatively premature microbiome. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The saline soil microbiome is a rich source of halotolerant bioeffectors that can be used in biosaline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.‐Y. Ding
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - W. Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource‐Saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - X.‐C. Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource‐Saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - B.‐W. Lv
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource‐Saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - S.‐Q. Jiang
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Y.‐N. Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource‐Saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - M.J. Rahimi
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE)TU WienViennaAustria
| | - R.‐W. Gao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Z. Zhao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - F. Cai
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource‐Saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE)TU WienViennaAustria
| | - I.S. Druzhinina
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE)TU WienViennaAustria
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30
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Bioreactivity, Guttation and Agents Influencing Surface Tension of Water Emitted by Actively Growing Indoor Mould Isolates. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121940. [PMID: 33297485 PMCID: PMC7762365 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion of metabolites in guttation droplets by indoor moulds is not well documented. This study demonstrates the guttation of metabolites by actively growing common indoor moulds. Old and fresh biomasses of indoor isolates of Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium expansum, Trichoderma atroviride, T. trixiae, Rhizopus sp. and Stachybotrys sp. were compared. Metabolic activity indicated by viability staining and guttation of liquid droplets detected in young (<3 weeks old) biomass were absent in old (>6 months old) cultures consisting of dehydrated hyphae and dormant conidia. Fresh (<3 weeks old) biomasses were toxic more than 10 times towards mammalian cell lines (PK-15 and MNA) compared to the old dormant, dry biomasses, when calculated per biomass wet weight and per conidial particle. Surfactant activity was emitted in exudates from fresh biomass of T. atroviride, Rhizopus sp. and Stachybotrys sp. Surfactant activity was also provoked by fresh conidia from T. atroviride and Stachybotrys sp. strains. Water repealing substances were emitted by cultures of P. expansum, T. atroviride and C. globosum strains. The metabolic state of the indoor fungal growth may influence emission of liquid soluble bioreactive metabolites into the indoor air.
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31
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Pang G, Sun T, Yu Z, Yuan T, Liu W, Zhu H, Gao Q, Yang D, Kubicek CP, Zhang J, Shen Q. Azaphilones biosynthesis complements the defence mechanism of
Trichoderma guizhouense
against oxidative stress. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4808-4824. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Pang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiang xi 330022 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yili Normal University Yining Xinjiang 835000 China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Department of Public Health Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Christian P. Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering TU Wien Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
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32
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Cai F, Gao R, Zhao Z, Ding M, Jiang S, Yagtu C, Zhu H, Zhang J, Ebner T, Mayrhofer-Reinhartshuber M, Kainz P, Chenthamara K, Akcapinar GB, Shen Q, Druzhinina IS. Evolutionary compromises in fungal fitness: hydrophobins can hinder the adverse dispersal of conidiospores and challenge their survival. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2610-2624. [PMID: 32632264 PMCID: PMC7490268 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal evolutionary biology is impeded by the scarcity of fossils, irregular life cycles, immortality, and frequent asexual reproduction. Simple and diminutive bodies of fungi develop inside a substrate and have exceptional metabolic and ecological plasticity, which hinders species delimitation. However, the unique fungal traits can shed light on evolutionary forces that shape the environmental adaptations of these taxa. Higher filamentous fungi that disperse through aerial spores produce amphiphilic and highly surface-active proteins called hydrophobins (HFBs), which coat spores and mediate environmental interactions. We exploited a library of HFB-deficient mutants for two cryptic species of mycoparasitic and saprotrophic fungi from the genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales) and estimated fungal development, reproductive potential, and stress resistance. HFB4 and HFB10 were found to be relevant for Trichoderma fitness because they could impact the spore-mediated dispersal processes and control other fitness traits. An analysis in silico revealed purifying selection for all cases except for HFB4 from T. harzianum, which evolved under strong positive selection pressure. Interestingly, the deletion of the hfb4 gene in T. harzianum considerably increased its fitness-related traits. Conversely, the deletion of hfb4 in T. guizhouense led to the characteristic phenotypes associated with relatively low fitness. The net contribution of the hfb4 gene to fitness was found to result from evolutionary tradeoffs between individual traits. Our analysis of HFB-dependent fitness traits has provided an evolutionary snapshot of the selective pressures and speciation process in closely related fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, A1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renwei Gao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Civan Yagtu
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, A1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hong Zhu
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | - Komal Chenthamara
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, A1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günseli Bayram Akcapinar
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, A1060, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, A1060, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Chi ZL, Zhao XY, Chen YL, Hao JL, Yu GH, Goodman BA, Gadd GM. Intrinsic enzyme-like activity of magnetite particles is enhanced by cultivation with Trichoderma guizhouense. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:893-907. [PMID: 32783346 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungal-mineral interactions can produce large amounts of biogenic nano-size (~ 1-100 nm) minerals, yet their influence on fungal physiology and growth remains largely unexplored. Using Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 and magnetite (Mt) as a model fungus and mineral system, we have shown for the first time that biogenic Mt nanoparticles formed during fungal-mineral cultivation exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Specifically, the average peroxidase-like activity of Mt nanoparticles after 72 h cultivation was ~ 2.4 times higher than that of the original Mt. Evidence from high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles largely stemmed from their high proportion of surface non-lattice oxygen, through occupying surface oxygen-vacant sites, rather than Fe redox chemistry, which challenges conventional Fenton reaction theories that assume iron to be the sole redox-active centre. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry with a resolution down to 50 nm demonstrated that a thin (< 1 μm) oxygen-film was present on the surface of fungal hyphae. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation-based micro-FTIR spectra revealed that surface oxygen groups corresponded mainly to organic OH, mineral OH and carbonyl groups. Together, these findings highlight an important, but unrecognized, catalytic activity of mineral nanoparticles produced by fungal-mineral interactions and contribute substantially to our understanding of mineral nanoparticles in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lai Chi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia-Long Hao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bernard A Goodman
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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Sun FS, Yu GH, Ning JY, Zhu XD, Goodman BA, Wu J. Biological removal of cadmium from biogas residues during vermicomposting, and the effect of earthworm hydrolysates on Trichoderma guizhouense sporulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123635. [PMID: 32531739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of Cd from biogas residues (BR) by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) during vermicomposting and the optimum addition of earthworm hydrolysates for production of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU 4742 spores were determined. The results showed that vermicomposting could effectively remove Cd (up to 18.9%) from the BR. Synchrotron radiation based FTIR spectromicroscopy demonstrated a weakened correlation between functional groups after vermicomposting, suggesting that the activity of earthworms affects the binding sites and bioavailability of heavy metals. Under optimum conditions, the hydrolysis rate of earthworms was ~97% and the removal efficiency of Cd was up to 93%. Furthermore, addition of 20% of earthworm hydrolysate promoted the largest production of Trichoderma sporulation (~2.95 × 108 cfu/g straw), indicating the possibility of earthworm hydrolysates promoting the growth of Trichoderma guizhouense is a suitable way to recycle earthworms after vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Ning
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bernard A Goodman
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Yu GH, Chi ZL, Kappler A, Sun FS, Liu CQ, Teng HH, Gadd GM. Fungal Nanophase Particles Catalyze Iron Transformation for Oxidative Stress Removal and Iron Acquisition. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2943-2950.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Evolutionary and Functional Paradox of Cerato-platanins in Fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00696-20. [PMID: 32332135 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00696-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerato-platanins (CPs) form a family of fungal small secreted cysteine-rich proteins (SSCPs) and are of particular interest not only because of their surface activity but also their abundant secretion by fungi. We performed an evolutionary analysis of 283 CPs from 157 fungal genomes with the focus on the environmental opportunistic plant-beneficial and mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma Our results revealed a long evolutionary history of CPs in Dikarya fungi that have undergone several events of lateral gene transfer and gene duplication. Three genes were maintained in the core genome of Trichoderma, while some species have up to four CP-encoding genes. All Trichoderma CPs evolve under stabilizing natural selection pressure. The functional genomic analysis of CPs in Trichoderma guizhouense and Trichoderma harzianum revealed that only epl1 is active at all stages of development but that it plays a minor role in interactions with other fungi and bacteria. The deletion of this gene results in increased colonization of tomato roots by Trichoderma spp. Similarly, biochemical tests of EPL1 heterologously produced by Pichia pastoris support the claims described above. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that the function of CPs is probably linked to their surfactant properties and the ability to modify the hyphosphere of submerged mycelia and, thus, facilitate the nutritional versatility of fungi. The effector-like functions do not sufficiently describe the diversity and evolution of these proteins in fungi, as they are also maintained, duplicated, or laterally transferred in the genomes of nonherbivore fungi.IMPORTANCE Cerato-platanins (CPs) are surface-active small proteins abundantly secreted by filamentous fungi. Consequently, immune systems of plants and other organisms recognize CPs and activate defense mechanisms. Some CPs are toxic to plants and act as virulence factors in plant-pathogenic fungi. Our analysis, however, demonstrates that the interactions with plants do not explain the origin and evolution of CPs in the fungal kingdom. We revealed a long evolutionary history of CPs with multiple cases of gene duplication and events of interfungal lateral gene transfers. In the mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp., CPs evolve under stabilizing natural selection and hamper the colonization of roots. We propose that the ability to modify the hydrophobicity of the fungal hyphosphere is a key to unlock the evolutionary and functional paradox of these proteins.
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Alder-Rangel A, Idnurm A, Brand AC, Brown AJP, Gorbushina A, Kelliher CM, Campos CB, Levin DE, Bell-Pedersen D, Dadachova E, Bauer FF, Gadd GM, Braus GH, Braga GUL, Brancini GTP, Walker GM, Druzhinina I, Pócsi I, Dijksterhuis J, Aguirre J, Hallsworth JE, Schumacher J, Wong KH, Selbmann L, Corrochano LM, Kupiec M, Momany M, Molin M, Requena N, Yarden O, Cordero RJB, Fischer R, Pascon RC, Mancinelli RL, Emri T, Basso TO, Rangel DEN. The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress - ISFUS. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:235-252. [PMID: 32389286 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brand
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Anna Gorbushina
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina M Kelliher
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Claudia B Campos
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Levin
- Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Florian F Bauer
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey M Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gilberto U L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graeme M Walker
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martin Kupiec
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michelle Momany
- Fungal Biology Group & Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jeruslaem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Radamés J B Cordero
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Renata C Pascon
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tamas Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Thiago O Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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