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Khosla K, Jin Y, Espinoza J, Kent M, Gencay M, Kunz LH, Mueller A, Xiao Y, Frank Peacock W, Neath SX, Stuart JJ, Woelkers D, Harris JM, Rana S. Signs or symptoms of suspected preeclampsia - A retrospective national database study of prevalence, costs, and outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 36:101124. [PMID: 38608393 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with signs or symptoms (s/s) of suspected preeclampsia are not diagnosed with preeclampsia. We sought to determine and compare the prevalence of s/s, pregnancy outcomes, and costs between patients with and without diagnosed preeclampsia. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed a large insurance research database. Pregnancies with s/s of preeclampsia versus a confirmed preeclampsia diagnosis were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. S/s include hypertension, proteinuria, headache, visual symptoms, edema, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting. Pregnancies were classed as 1) s/s of preeclampsia without a confirmed preeclampsia diagnosis (suspicion only), 2) s/s with a confirmed diagnosis (preeclampsia with suspicion), 3) diagnosed preeclampsia without s/s recorded (preeclampsia only), and 4) no s/s, nor preeclampsia diagnosis (control). RESULTS Of 1,324,424 pregnancies, 29.2 % had ≥1 documented s/s of suspected preeclampsia, and 14.2 % received a preeclampsia diagnosis. Hypertension and headache were the most common s/s, leading 20.2 % and 9.2 % pregnancies developed to preeclampsia diagnosis, respectively. Preeclampsia, with or without suspicion, had the highest rates of hypertension-related severe maternal morbidity (HR [95 % CI]: 3.0 [2.7, 3.2] and 3.6 [3.3, 4.0], respectively) versus controls. A similar trend was seen in neonatal outcomes such as preterm delivery and low birth weight. Cases in which preeclampsia was suspected but not confirmed had the highest average total maternal care costs ($6096 [95 % CI: 602, 6170] over control). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence but poor selectivity of traditional s/s of preeclampsia, highlighting a clinical need for improved screening method and cost-effectiveness disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavia Khosla
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yue Jin
- Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Intervention, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, and UT Physicians, The Fetal Center, Affiliated with Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Kent
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Genesis Research, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | | | - Liza H Kunz
- Roche Diagnostics Systems, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ariel Mueller
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Xiao
- Roche Diagnostics Systems, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean-Xavier Neath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Stuart
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Woelkers
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarosh Rana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Zhao H, Wen P, Xu Q, Zi Y, Zheng X, Chen S, Qin Y, Shao S, Tu X, Zheng Z, Xiong Y, Li X. Association of sleep traits with risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a mendelian randomization study. J Hypertens 2024:00004872-990000000-00478. [PMID: 38780189 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy sleep patterns are common during pregnancy and have been associated with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) in observational studies. However, the causality underlying these associations remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the potential causal association between seven sleep traits and the risk of HDPs using a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were obtained from the FinnGen consortium, UK Biobank, and other prominent consortia, with a focus on individuals of European ancestry. The primary analysis utilized an inverse-variance-weighted MR approach supplemented by sensitivity analyses to mitigate potential biases introduced by pleiotropy. Furthermore, a two-step MR framework was employed for mediation analyses. RESULTS The data analyzed included 200 000-500 000 individuals for each sleep trait, along with approximately 15 000 cases of HDPs. Genetically predicted excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) exhibited a significant association with an increased risk of HDPs [odds ratio (OR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.40-6.26], and the specific subtype of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.06-8.3). Similarly, genetically predicted obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with a higher risk of HDPs (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.47). Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of these associations. Mediation analysis showed that BMI mediated approximately 25% of the association between EDS and HDPs, while mediating up to approximately 60% of the association between OSA and the outcomes. No statistically significant associations were observed between other genetically predicted sleep traits, such as chronotype, daytime napping, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and the risk of HDPs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a causal association between two sleep disorders, EDS and OSA, and the risk of HDPs, with BMI acting as a crucial mediator. EDS and OSA demonstrate promise as potentially preventable risk factors for HDPs, and targeting BMI may represent an alternative treatment strategy to mitigate the adverse impact of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Ping Wen
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Qixin Xu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yang Zi
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xiujie Zheng
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yueyuan Qin
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Shuyi Shao
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xinzhi Tu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Kuklina EV, Merritt RK, Wright JS, Vaughan AS, Coronado F. Hypertension in Pregnancy: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities for Surveillance and Research. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:553-562. [PMID: 38529887 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in pregnancy (HP) includes eclampsia/preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, superimposed preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension. In the United States, HP prevalence doubled over the last three decades, based on birth certificate data. In 2019, the estimated percent of births with a history of HP varied from 10.1% to 15.9% for birth certificate data and hospital discharge records, respectively. The use of electronic medical records may result in identifying an additional third to half of undiagnosed cases of HP. Individuals with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia are at 3.5 times higher risk of progressing to chronic hypertension and from 1.7 to 2.8 times higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) after childbirth compared with individuals without these conditions. Interventions to identify and address CVD risk factors among individuals with HP are most effective if started during the first 6 weeks postpartum and implemented during the first year after childbirth. Providing access to affordable health care during the first 12 months after delivery may ensure healthy longevity for individuals with HP. Average attendance rates for postpartum visits in the United States are 72.1%, but the rates vary significantly (from 24.9% to 96.5%). Moreover, even among individuals with CVD risk factors who attend postpartum visits, approximately 40% do not receive counseling on a healthy lifestyle. In the United States, as of the end of September 2023, 38 states and the District of Columbia have extended Medicaid coverage eligibility, eight states plan to implement it, and two states proposed a limited coverage extension from 2 to 12 months after childbirth. Currently, data gaps exist in national health surveillance and health systems to identify and monitor HP. Using multiple data sources, incorporating electronic medical record data algorithms, and standardizing data definitions can improve surveillance, provide opportunities to better track progress, and may help in developing targeted policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kuklina
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert K Merritt
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet S Wright
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adam S Vaughan
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fátima Coronado
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Fu R, Li Y, Li X, Jiang W. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Global Burden From 1990 to 2019, Current Research Hotspots and Emerging Trends. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101982. [PMID: 37479005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) constitute a worldwide health problem for pregnant women and their infants. This study provided HDP burden over 1990 to 2019 by region and age distribution, and predicted changes in related values for the next 25 years. We then conducted an econometric analysis of the author distribution, collaborative networks, keyword burst clustering, and spatio-temporal analysis of HDP-related publications from 2012 to 2022 to access current scientific developments and hotspots. The number of pregnant women with HDP has been increasing over the past 30 years, with regional and age-stratified differences in the burden of disease. Additionally, projections suggest an increase of deaths due to maternal HDP among adolescents younger than 20 years. Current research is mostly centered on pre-eclampsia, with hot keywords including trophoblast, immune tolerance, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, aspirin, gestational diabetes association, and biomarkers. Researches on the pathological mechanism, classification, and subtypes of HDP need to be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Thomas G, Syngelaki A, Hamed K, Perez-Montaño A, Panigassi A, Tuytten R, Nicolaides KH. Preterm preeclampsia screening using biomarkers: combining phenotypic classifiers into robust prediction models. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101110. [PMID: 37752025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia screening is a critical component of antenatal care worldwide. Currently, the most developed screening test for preeclampsia at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation integrates maternal demographic characteristics and medical history with 3 biomarkers-serum placental growth factor, mean arterial pressure, and uterine artery pulsatility index-to identify approximately 75% of women who develop preterm preeclampsia with delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. It is generally accepted that further improvements to preeclampsia screening require the use of additional biomarkers. We recently reported that the levels of specific metabolites and metabolite ratios are associated with preterm preeclampsia. Notably, for several of these markers, preterm preeclampsia prediction varied according to maternal body mass index class. These findings motivated us to study whether patient classification allowed for combining metabolites with the current biomarkers more effectively to improve prediction of preterm preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether metabolite biomarkers can improve biomarker-based preterm preeclampsia prediction in 3 screening resource scenarios according to the availability of: (1) placental growth factor, (2) placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure, and (3) placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure+uterine artery pulsatility index. STUDY DESIGN This was an observational case-control study, drawn from a large prospective screening study at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation on the prediction of pregnancy complications, conducted at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Maternal blood samples were also collected for subsequent research studies. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify levels of 50 metabolites previously associated with pregnancy complications in plasma samples from singleton pregnancies. Biomarker data, normalized using multiples of medians, on 1635 control and 106 preterm preeclampsia pregnancies were available for model development. Modeling was performed using a methodology that generated a prediction model for preterm preeclampsia in 4 consecutive steps: (1) z-normalization of predictors, (2) combinatorial modeling of so-called (weak) classifiers in the unstratified patient set and in discrete patient strata based on body mass index and/or race, (3) selection of classifiers, and (4) aggregation of the selected classifiers (ie, bagging) into the final prediction model. The prediction performance of models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and detection rate at 10% false-positive rate. RESULTS First, the predictor development methodology itself was evaluated. The patient set was split into a training set (2/3) and a test set (1/3) for predictor model development and internal validation. A prediction model was developed for each of the 3 different predictor panels, that is, placental growth factor+metabolites, placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure+metabolites, and placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure+uterine artery pulsatility index+metabolites. For all 3 models, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the test set did not differ significantly from that of the training set. Next, a prediction model was developed using the complete data set for the 3 predictor panels. Among the 50 metabolites available for modeling, 26 were selected across the 3 prediction models; 21 contributed to at least 2 out of the 3 prediction models developed. Each time, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and detection rate were significantly higher with the new prediction model than with the reference model. Markedly, the estimated detection rate with the placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure+metabolites prediction model in all patients was 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.70), a 15% increase (P<.001) over the detection rate of 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.55) estimated for the reference placental growth factor+mean arterial pressure. The same prediction model significantly improved detection in Black (14%) and White (19%) patients, and in the normal-weight group (18.5≤body mass index<25) and the obese group (body mass index≥30), with respectively 19% and 20% more cases detected, but not in the overweight group, when compared with the reference model. Similar improvement patterns in detection rates were found in the other 2 scenarios, but with smaller improvement amplitudes. CONCLUSION Metabolite biomarkers can be combined with the established biomarkers of placental growth factor, mean arterial pressure, and uterine artery pulsatility index to improve the biomarker component of early-pregnancy preterm preeclampsia prediction tests. Classification of the pregnant women according to the maternal characteristics of body mass index and/or race proved instrumental in achieving improved prediction. This suggests that maternal phenotyping can have a role in improving the prediction of obstetrical syndromes such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Thomas
- SQU4RE, Lokeren, Belgium (Dr Thomas); Metabolomic Diagnostics, Cork, Ireland (Drs Thomas, Panigassi, and Tuytten)
| | - Argyro Syngelaki
- The Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Syngelaki, Hamed, Perez-Montaño, and Nicolaides)
| | - Karam Hamed
- The Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Syngelaki, Hamed, Perez-Montaño, and Nicolaides)
| | - Anais Perez-Montaño
- The Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Syngelaki, Hamed, Perez-Montaño, and Nicolaides)
| | - Ana Panigassi
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Cork, Ireland (Drs Thomas, Panigassi, and Tuytten)
| | - Robin Tuytten
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Cork, Ireland (Drs Thomas, Panigassi, and Tuytten).
| | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- The Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Syngelaki, Hamed, Perez-Montaño, and Nicolaides)
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Kumar N, Das V, Agarwal A, Agrawal S. Correlation of sFlt/PlGF ratio with severity of preeclampsia in an Indian population. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100177. [PMID: 36911235 PMCID: PMC9992748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia affects 2% to 8% of pregnant women and significantly increases the risk for maternal and perinatal morbidity, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is increasing evidence to support the use of biochemical markers such as placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in predicting the severity of preeclampsia and to rule out severe disease in clinical conditions masquerading as severe preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the role of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in predicting adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes in women with preeclampsia in a South Asian population with a higher rate of the disease and its associated complications. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with preeclampsia or suspected to have preeclampsia who underwent biophysical and biochemical investigations to measure the severity, including determining maternal hemodynamic indices, mean arterial pressure, fetal biometric and Doppler parameters, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor levels. The performance of these markers, individually or in combination, in predicting adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes was then assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. An adverse maternal outcome was defined as 1 or more of severe hypertension; admission to the intensive care unit; eclampsia; placental abruption; hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low-platelet count syndrome; disseminated intravascular coagulation; platelets <100×109/L; creatinine >1.1 mg/dL; and alanine aminotransferase >100 U/L. An adverse perinatal outcome was defined as 1 or more of preterm birth ≤34+0 weeks' gestation, neonatal intensive care unit admission for >48 hours, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and confirmed fetal infection. RESULTS We recruited 91 women with preeclampsia with a mean gestational age of 30.63±2.86 weeks. Women who had adverse maternal events had higher median maternal concentrations of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (11,500.0 pg/mL vs 3051.0 pg/mL; P<.001), lower concentrations of placental growth factor (44.88 pg/mL vs 148.50 pg/mL; P<.001), and a higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (306.22 vs 30.63; P<.001) than women who did not. Pregnancies with an adverse perinatal outcome also had a higher soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase concentration (12,100.0 pg/mL vs 3051.0 pg/mL; P<.001), lower placental growth factor concentration (27.2 pg/mL vs 148.50 pg/mL; P<.001), and higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (378.45.4 vs 30.63; P<.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase and placental growth factor were the best biomarkers when compared with other biochemical markers to predict adverse maternal (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.90) and fetal (area under the curve, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.96) outcomes in preeclampsia. CONCLUSION The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio correlates better with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than any other biochemical marker in an Indian population. The incorporation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in women with preeclampsia can help in predicting the severity of the condition and the timings of the delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinita Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjoo Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a life-threatening disease of pregnancy unique to humans and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women who survive pre-eclampsia have reduced life expectancy, with increased risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while babies from a pre-eclamptic pregnancy have increased risks of preterm birth, perinatal death and neurodevelopmental disability and cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. Pre-eclampsia is a complex multisystem disease, diagnosed by sudden-onset hypertension (>20 weeks of gestation) and at least one other associated complication, including proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or uteroplacental dysfunction. Pre-eclampsia is found only when a placenta is or was recently present and is classified as preterm (delivery <37 weeks of gestation), term (delivery ≥37 weeks of gestation) and postpartum pre-eclampsia. The maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia is driven by a dysfunctional placenta, which releases factors into maternal blood causing systemic inflammation and widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Available treatments target maternal hypertension and seizures, but the only 'cure' for pre-eclampsia is delivery of the dysfunctional placenta and baby, often prematurely. Despite decades of research, the aetiology of pre-eclampsia, particularly of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia, remains poorly defined. Significant advances have been made in the prediction and prevention of preterm pre-eclampsia, which is predicted in early pregnancy through combined screening and is prevented with daily low-dose aspirin, starting before 16 weeks of gestation. By contrast, the prediction of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia is limited and there are no preventive treatments. Future research must investigate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, in particular of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia, and evaluate new prognostic tests and treatments in adequately powered clinical trials.
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Arechvo A, Wright A, Syngelaki A, von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Akolekar R, Wright D, Nicolaides KH. Incidence of pre-eclampsia: effect of deprivation. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:26-32. [PMID: 36178775 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between the English index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the incidence of pre-eclampsia (PE), evaluate the distribution of IMD in a cohort of ethnically diverse pregnant women in South East England and assess whether IMD improves the prediction of PE compared with that provided by the 'history-only' competing-risks model (based on maternal characteristics and medical history). METHODS This was a prospective, observational study of 159 125 women with a singleton pregnancy who attended their first routine hospital visit at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation in two maternity hospitals in the UK. The inclusion criteria were delivery at ≥ 24 weeks' gestation of babies without major abnormality. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and obstetric and medical history, which was then reviewed by a doctor together with the woman. Patients were asked to self-identify as white, black, South Asian, East Asian or mixed race. IMD was used as a measure of socioeconomic status, which takes into account income, employment, education, skills and training, health and disability, crime, barriers to housing and services, and living environment. Each neighborhood is ranked according to their level of deprivation relative to that of other areas into one of five equal groups, with Quintile 1 containing the 20% most deprived areas and Quintile 5 containing the 20% least deprived areas. IMD was assigned based on a woman's postcode. Risk factors for PE and its incidence were assessed across IMD using chi-square test or t-test, as appropriate. The relationship between IMD and gestational age at delivery with PE was evaluated by fitting parametric survival models for IMD alone, IMD combined with race and IMD combined with the Fetal Medicine Foundation history-only competing-risks model. RESULTS The incidence of PE (n = 4088, 2.6%) increased progressively across IMD quintiles, from 2.0% in Quintile 5 (least deprived) to 3.0% in Quintile 1 (most deprived). Compared with white women and those in other racial groups, black women had a higher incidence of PE (4.8%), were less often in IMD Quintiles 4 and 5, and were more often in IMD Quintiles 1 and 2. None of the IMD quintiles improved the prediction of PE compared with that provided by the history-only competing-risks model (which includes race). The history-only competing-risks model with vs without IMD had a similar detection rate for delivery with PE at < 37 weeks' gestation (44.1% (95% CI, 41.1-47.2%) vs 43.9% (95% CI, 40.1-47.0%)) and at any gestational age (35.2% (95% CI, 33.8-36.7%) vs 35.1% (95% CI, 33.7-36.6%)), at a 10% screen-positive rate. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PE is higher in women living in the most deprived areas in South East England and in black women (vs those of other racial groups), who also live in areas of higher deprivation. However, in screening for PE, inclusion of IMD does not improve the prediction of PE provided by race and other maternal characteristics and elements of medical history. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arechvo
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Wright
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A Syngelaki
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - P von Dadelszen
- Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L A Magee
- Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Akolekar
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Chatham, UK
| | - D Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Zhou Y, Guo X, Mu J, Liu J, Yang H, Cai C. Current Research Trends, Hotspots, and Frontiers of Physical Activity during Pregnancy: A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14516. [PMID: 36361397 PMCID: PMC9654998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has been proven beneficial to pregnant women, with a significant effect on ameliorating many severe gestational complications. This work aimed to reveal current research trends, hotspots, and future frontiers in PA during pregnancy. METHODS Software CiteSpace was used to perform a bibliometric analysis with 1415 publications in the Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS the number of published papers on PA during pregnancy has increased gradually by year. The United States has made the most significant contribution to the research on this topic, ranking first in the world in both the number and centrality of research. A total of 54 articles (3.8%) were published in 2022. A majority of publications were research articles (n = 1176, 78.9%). The authors and institutions of the research published have more inter-country collaborations. Different patterns of PA, prevention, and amelioration of pregnancy complications are major research hotspots. Improvement of sedentary behaviour, lifestyle intervention through leisure-time PA, and preterm care are major research frontiers and have received extensive attention in recent years. CONCLUSIONS The current scientometric study presents an overview of PA during pregnancy research conducted throughout the preceding decades. The conclusions of this work might serve as a reference for researchers who are interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhou
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinhao Mu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Library of Beijing Sport University, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenxi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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