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Nothnagel T, Ulrich D, Dunemann F, Budahn H. Sensory Perception and Consumer Acceptance of Carrot Cultivars Are Influenced by Their Metabolic Profiles for Volatile and Non-Volatile Organic Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:4389. [PMID: 38137193 PMCID: PMC10742604 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory parameters as well as the volatile and non-volatile compound profiles of sixteen carrot cultivars were recorded to obtain insight into consumer preference decisions. The sensory test was carried out with a consumer panel of 88 untrained testers allowing a clear acceptance-based differentiation of the cultivars. Five individual sensory characters (sweetness, overall aroma, bitterness, astringency and off-flavor) supported this discrimination. Chemical analyses of volatile organic compounds, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids and sugars enabled us to correlate the influence of these ingredients on sensory perception. Higher concentrations of α-pinene, hexanal, styrene and acetophenone correlated with a better acceptance, as well as sweetness and overall aroma perception. In contrast, a low acceptance as well as a stronger perception of bitterness, astringency and off-flavor correlated with enhanced concentrations of camphene, bornylacetate, borneol, myristicine, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate, laserin and epilaserin. The present study should support the development of new breeding strategies for carrot cultivars that better satisfy consumer demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nothnagel
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
| | - Detlef Ulrich
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Dunemann
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
| | - Holger Budahn
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
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2
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Zhao Z, Hao Y, Liu Y, Shi Y, Lin X, Wang L, Wen P, Hu X, Li J. Comprehensive evaluation of aroma and taste properties of different parts from the wampee fruit. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100835. [PMID: 37636899 PMCID: PMC10457502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wampee is a tropical fruit having high medicinal value. To fully realize the fruit's potential, it is essential to reveal the flavor characteristics. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the aroma and taste profiles of different parts from the wampee fruit was conducted. The aroma profile was analyzed by E-nose, and 67 volatile components were identified through HS-SPME-GC-MS. Among them, 11 were considered as crucial compounds. Additionally, 42 volatile components were identified by HS-GC-IMS, with 22 compounds showing a variable importance in projection scores greater than 1.0. Moreover, the taste profile and representative compounds were analyzed by E-tongue and HPLC, and 12 compounds were considered as important taste contributors based on taste activity value. These findings shed light on the various compounds responsible for the unique aroma and taste of the wampee fruit, providing theoretical foundation for exploring ways for its comprehensive utilization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yaofei Hao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yousheng Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xue Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pan Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Reale S, Biancolillo A, Foschi M, Di Donato F, Di Censo E, D'Archivio AA. Geographical discrimination of Italian carrot (Daucus carota L.) varieties: A comparison between ATR FT-IR fingerprinting and HS-SPME/GC-MS volatile profiling. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Effects of different cooking treatments on the sensory qualities and pigmented phytochemicals of carrots. Food Chem 2022; 405:135015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Han J, Jia W, Wan Y, Sun X, Liang M, Wei C, Liu W. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of carotenoids using cottonseed oil: optimization, physicochemical properties, and flavor studies. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Reichardt S, Budahn H, Lamprecht D, Riewe D, Ulrich D, Dunemann F, Kopertekh L. The carrot monoterpene synthase gene cluster on chromosome 4 harbours genes encoding flavour-associated sabinene synthases. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:190. [PMID: 33328444 PMCID: PMC7705728 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, low molecular weight terpenes produced by terpene synthases (TPS) contribute to multiple ecologically and economically important traits. The present study investigates a carrot terpene synthase gene cluster on chromosome 4 associated with volatile monoterpene production. Two carrot mutants, yellow and cola, which are contrasting in the content of low molecular weight terpenes, were crossed to develop an F2 mapping population. The mapping analysis revealed overlapping QTLs on chromosome 4 for sabinene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol and 4-carene. The genomic region of this locus includes a cluster of five terpene synthase genes (DcTPS04, DcTPS26, DcTPS27, DcTPS54 and DcTPS55). DcTPS04 and DcTPS54 displayed genotype- and tissue-specific variation in gene expression. Based on the QTL mapping results and the gene expression patterns, DcTPS04 and DcTPS54 were selected for functional characterization. In vitro enzyme assays showed that DcTPS54 is a single-product enzyme catalysing the formation of sabinene, whereas DcTPS04 is a multiple-product terpene synthase producing α-terpineol as a major product and four additional products including sabinene, β-limonene, β-pinene and myrcene. Furthermore, we developed a functional molecular marker that could discriminate carrot genotypes with different sabinene content in a set of 85 accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reichardt
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Budahn
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Lamprecht
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Ulrich
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dunemann
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Lilya Kopertekh
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
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7
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Muchlinski A, Ibdah M, Ellison S, Yahyaa M, Nawade B, Laliberte S, Senalik D, Simon P, Whitehead SR, Tholl D. Diversity and function of terpene synthases in the production of carrot aroma and flavor compounds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9989. [PMID: 32561772 PMCID: PMC7305226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important root vegetable crop with high nutritional value, characteristic flavor, and benefits to human health. D. carota tissues produce an essential oil that is rich in volatile terpenes and plays a major role in carrot aroma and flavor. Although terpene composition represents a critical quality attribute of carrots, little is known about the biosynthesis of terpenes in this crop. Here, we functionally characterized 19 terpene synthase (TPS) genes in an orange carrot (genotype DH1) and compared tissue-specific expression profiles and in vitro products of their recombinant proteins with volatile terpene profiles from DH1 and four other colored carrot genotypes. In addition to the previously reported (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase (DcTPS01), we biochemically characterized several TPS proteins with direct correlations to major compounds of carrot flavor and aroma including germacrene D (DcTPS7/11), γ-terpinene (DcTPS30) and α-terpinolene (DcTPS03). Random forest analysis of volatiles from colored carrot cultivars identified nine terpenes that were clearly distinct among the cultivars and likely contribute to differences in sensory quality. Correlation of TPS gene expression and terpene metabolite profiles supported the function of DcTPS01 and DcTPS03 in these cultivars. Our findings provide a roadmap for future breeding efforts to enhance carrot flavor and aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Muchlinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat, Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Shelby Ellison
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mossab Yahyaa
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat, Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Bhagwat Nawade
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat, Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Suzanne Laliberte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas Senalik
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philipp Simon
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susan R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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8
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Xu W, Yuan J, Tian J, Li G, Sun X, E S, Zhu G, Xia Z, Wang D, Wang T, Wu J, Xiao Z. Aroma and quality of carrot dried using a microwave-convective drying system as affect by temperature gradient. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1709497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiu Xu
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianfeng Yuan
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinghong Tian
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shiju E
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziming Xia
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dongyun Wang
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Agricultural mechanization information and Automation Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of agricultural Machinery, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiangmiao Wu
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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9
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Characterization of aroma and phenolic composition of carrot (Daucus carota ‘Nantes’) powders obtained from intermittent microwave drying using GC–MS and LC–MS/MS. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Headspace Volatile Evaluation of Carrot Samples-Comparison of GC/MS and AuNPs-hpDNA-Based E-Nose. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080293. [PMID: 31357626 PMCID: PMC6722575 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The performances of a quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) based on an electronic nose (E-nose), modified with hairpin-DNA (hpDNA) for carrot aroma profiling has been evaluated. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) headspace sampling, combined with gas chromatography (GC), was used as a reference method. The changes in carrot aroma profiles stored at different temperatures (−18 °C, 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C) were monitored during time up to 26 days. The principal component analysis of the data evidenced the different aroma patterns related to the presence of different key compounds. The output data achieved with the hpDNA-based E-nose were able to detect aroma patterns similar to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This work demonstrates that hpDNA has different sizes of loops that can be used for the development of sensor arrays able to detect aroma patterns in food and their changes with advantages in terms of easiness of usage, rapidity, and cost of analysis versus classical methods.
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11
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Abstract
Although flavor is an essential element for consumer acceptance of food, breeding programs have focused primarily on yield, leading to significant declines in flavor for many vegetables. The deterioration of flavor quality has concerned breeders; however, the complexity of this trait has hindered efforts to improve or even maintain it. Recently, the integration of flavor-associated metabolic profiling with other omics methodologies derived from big data has become a prominent trend in this research field. Here, we provide an overview of known metabolites contributing to flavor in the major vegetables as well as genetic analyses of the relevant metabolic pathways based on different approaches, especially multi-omics. We present examples demonstrating how omics analyses can help us to understand the accomplishments of historical flavor breeding practices and implement further improvements. The integration of genetics, cultivation, and postharvest practices with genome-scale data analyses will create enormous potential for further flavor quality improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Zhu
- The CAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Junbo Gou
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Harry Klee
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Innovation Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
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12
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Yahyaa M, Berim A, Nawade B, Ibdah M, Dudareva N, Ibdah M. Biosynthesis of methyleugenol and methylisoeugenol in Daucus carota leaves: Characterization of eugenol/isoeugenol synthase and O-Methyltransferase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:179-189. [PMID: 30634080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a widely cultivated root vegetable of high economic importance. The aroma of carrot roots and aboveground organs is mainly defined by terpenes. We found that leaves of orange carrot cultivar also produce considerable amounts of the phenylpropenes methyleugenol and methylisoeugenol. Notably, methyleugenol is most abundant in young leaves, while methylisoeugenol is the dominant phenylpropene in mature leaf tissue. The goal of the present study was to shed light on the biochemistry and molecular biology of these compounds' biosynthesis and accumulation. Using the available genomic and transcriptomic data, we isolated a cDNA encoding eugenol/isoeugenol synthase (DcE(I)GS1), an NADPH-dependent enzyme that converts coniferyl acetate to eugenol. This enzyme exhibits dual product specificity and yields propenylphenol isoeugenol alongside allylphenol eugenol. Furthermore, we identified a cDNA encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine:eugenol/isoeugenol O-methyltransferase 1 (DcE(I)OMT1) that produces methyleugenol and methylisoeugenol via methylation of the para-OH-group of their respective precursors. Both DcE(I)GS1 and DcE(I)OMT1 were expressed in seeds, roots, young and mature leaves, and the DcE(I)OMT1 transcript levels were the highest in leaves. The DcE(I)GS1 protein is 67% identical to anise t-anol/isoeugenol synthase and displays an apparent Km of 247 μM for coniferyl acetate. The catalytic efficiency of DcEOMT1 with eugenol is more than five-fold higher than that with isoeugenol, with Km values of 40 μM for eugenol, and of 115 μM for isoeugenol. This work expands the current knowledge of the enzymes involved in phenylpropene biosynthesis and would enable studies into structural elements defining the regioselectivity of phenylpropene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaab Yahyaa
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P. O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, P. O. Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Bhagwat Nawade
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P. O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Muhammad Ibdah
- Sakhnin College Academic College for Teacher Education, Sakhnin, Israel
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Purdue University, Department of Biochemistry, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P. O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
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13
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Ibdah M, Muchlinski A, Yahyaa M, Nawade B, Tholl D. Carrot Volatile Terpene Metabolism: Terpene Diversity and Biosynthetic Genes. THE CARROT GENOME 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03389-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Mutarutwa D, Navarini L, Lonzarich V, Compagnone D, Pittia P. GC-MS aroma characterization of vegetable matrices: Focus on 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:871-881. [PMID: 30019367 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delvana Mutarutwa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luciano Navarini
- Aromalab illycaffè S.p.A., Trieste, Italy
- illycaffè S.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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15
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Kong CHZ, Hamid N, Liu T, Sarojini V. Effect of Antifreeze Peptide Pretreatment on Ice Crystal Size, Drip Loss, Texture, and Volatile Compounds of Frozen Carrots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4327-4335. [PMID: 27138051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ice crystal formation is of primary concern to the frozen food industry. In this study, the effects of antifreeze peptides (AFPs) on ice crystal formation were assessed in carrot during freezing and thawing. Three synthetic analogues based on naturally occurring antifreeze peptides were used in this study. The AFPs exhibited modification of ice crystal morphology, confirming their antifreeze activity in vitro. The ability of the synthetic AFPs to minimize drip loss and preserve color, structure, texture, and volatiles of frozen carrot was evaluated using the techniques of SEM, GC-MS, and texture analysis. The results prove the potential of these AFPs to preserve the above characteristics in frozen carrot samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Z Kong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology , 34 St Paul Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology , 34 St Paul Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Tanaka F, Okazaki K, Kashimura T, Ohwaki Y, Tatsuki M, Sawada A, Ito T, Miyazawa T. Profiles and Physiological Mechanisms of Sensory Attributes and Flavor Components in Watercored Apple. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.63.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiki Okazaki
- NARO Agricultural Research Center
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center
| | | | | | | | - Ayumi Sawada
- Apple Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center
| | - Tsutae Ito
- Apple Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science
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17
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Yahyaa M, Tholl D, Cormier G, Jensen R, Simon PW, Ibdah M. Identification and Characterization of Terpene Synthases Potentially Involved in the Formation of Volatile Terpenes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4870-8. [PMID: 25924989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an excess of volatile organic compounds, which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of fruit and root crops, including the taste and aroma of carrots (Daucus carota L.). A combined chemical, biochemical, and molecular study was conducted to evaluate the differential accumulation of volatile terpenes in a diverse collection of fresh carrots (D. carota L.). Here, we report on a transcriptome-based identification and functional characterization of two carrot terpene synthases, the sesquiterpene synthase, DcTPS1, and the monoterpene synthase, DcTPS2. Recombinant DcTPS1 protein produces mainly (E)-β-caryophyllene, the predominant sesquiterpene in carrot roots, and α-humulene, while recombinant DcTPS2 functions as a monoterpene synthase with geraniol as the main product. Both genes are differentially transcribed in different cultivars and during carrot root development. Our results suggest a role for DcTPS genes in carrot aroma biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaab Yahyaa
- †Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 409 Latham Hall, 220 Agquad Lane, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Guy Cormier
- §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 119 Life Sciences I, 970 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Roderick Jensen
- §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 119 Life Sciences I, 970 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Philipp W Simon
- ∥Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- †Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
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Ma T, Luo J, Tian C, Sun X, Quan M, Zheng C, Kang L, Zhan J. Influence of technical processing units on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of carrot (Daucus carrot L.) juice essential oil. Food Chem 2015; 170:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yoshida SI, Haramoto M, Fukuda T, Mizuno H, Tanaka A, Nishimura M, Nishihira J. Optimization of a γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Enrichment Process for Hokkaido White Rice and the Effects of GABA-enriched White Rice on Stress Relief in Humans. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.62.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aiko Tanaka
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Faculty of Medical informatics, Hokkaido Information University
| | - Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Faculty of Medical informatics, Hokkaido Information University
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Faculty of Medical informatics, Hokkaido Information University
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