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Isolation and characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci with high proteolytic activity from dry fermented sausages as a potential starter culture. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Staphylococcus spp. and Lactobacillus sakei Starters with High Level of Inoculation and an Extended Fermentation Step Improve Safety of Fermented Sausages. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paio do Alentejo (PA) is one of the most popular dry-fermented sausages in Portugal. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of starter cultures with an extended fermentation step on the safety and quality of PA. Physicochemical parameters, microbiological parameters, biogenic amines, colour, texture profile, and sensory attributes were assessed. Five starters were selected based on our previous works. Staphylococcus equorum S2M7, Staphylococcus xylosus CECT7057, Lactobacillus sakei CV3C2, Lactobacillus sakei CECT7056, and a yeast strain (2RB4) were co-inoculated in meat batters at a concentration of 108 cfu/g for bacteria and 106 cfu/g for yeast strain, and 0.25% dextrose was added. Inoculated starters significantly reduced pH, Listeria monocytogenes counts, and total content in biogenic amines. The studied starter cultures did not compromise the sensory characteristics of PA, and thus, their use can be considered to protect these sausages and contribute to their safety.
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Dias I, Laranjo M, Potes ME, Agulheiro-Santos AC, Ricardo-Rodrigues S, Fialho AR, Véstia J, Fraqueza MJ, Oliveira M, Elias M. Co-Inoculation with Staphylococcus equorum and Lactobacillus sakei Reduces Vasoactive Biogenic Amines in Traditional Dry-Cured Sausages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7100. [PMID: 34281032 PMCID: PMC8296885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dry-cured sausages are traditional in Mediterranean countries, and Paio do Alentejo (PA) is one of the most popular in South Portugal. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of combined starters on the safety and quality of PA preserving its sensory quality. Physicochemical parameters, namely pH and water activity (aW), microbiological parameters, biogenic amines, color, texture, and sensory attributes were assessed. Three starter cultures were used, namely Staphylococcus equorum S2M7 and Lactobacillus sakei CV3C2, both separate and combined with the 2RB4 yeast strain at a concentration of 106 cfu/g. Dextrose 0.25% was added to the meat batter. Starters had a significant effect on the reduction of aW values (0.845 to 0.823). The treatment with L. sakei as well as the co-inoculation of L. sakei with S. equorum effectively reduced the L. monocytogenes counts to undetectable levels. Sausages co-inoculated with S. equorum S2M7/L. sakei CV3C2 showed a significant reduction in the content of vasoactive amines, namely tryptamine (26.21 to 15.70) and β-phenylethylamine (4.80 to 3.69). Regarding texture, control PA showed higher hardness values, and the starters promoted the cohesiveness of the batter while reducing chewiness. The studied starters did not compromise the sensory characteristics of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Dias
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- CIEQV-Life Quality Research Centre, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares n 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- ESAS, UIIPS-Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, S. Pedro, 1001-904 Santarém, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduarda Potes
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo-Rodrigues
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Fialho
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Joana Véstia
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria J Fraqueza
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Oliveira
- CIEQV-Life Quality Research Centre, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares n 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- ESAS, UIIPS-Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, S. Pedro, 1001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Elias
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto deInvestigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Endo A, Koizumi R, Nakazawa Y, Shiwa Y, Maeno S, Kido Y, Irisawa T, Muramatsu Y, Tada K, Yamazaki M, Myoda T. Characterization of the microbiota and chemical properties of pork loins during dry aging. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1157. [PMID: 33415844 PMCID: PMC7914123 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry aging (DA) allows for the storage of meat without packaging at 0 to 3°C for several weeks. It enhances the production of pleasant flavors, tenderness, and juiciness in meat. Due to the long storage period and roles of indigenous microbiota in the maturation of several meat products, the microbiota of DA meat is of interest in terms of microbial contributions and food hygiene but has not yet been characterized in detail. This study identified the microbiota of pork loins during DA using culturing and culture‐independent meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing and elucidated its characteristics. The amounts of free amino acids and profiles of aroma‐active compounds were also monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively. The meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Pseudomonas spp. generally dominated the microbiota throughout DA; however, the culturing analysis showed marked changes in the species composition during DA. Acinetobacter spp. were the second most dominant bacteria before DA in the culture‐independent analysis but became a minor population during DA. The cell numbers of yeasts showed an increased tendency during DA, and Debaryomyces hansenii was the only microorganism isolated from all meat samples throughout DA. Well‐known foodborne pathogens were not observed in two microbiota analyses. The amounts of free amino acids were increased by DA, and the number of aroma‐active compounds and their flavor dilution values markedly changed during DA. Most microbial isolates showed positive reactions with proteolytic and lipolytic activities, suggesting their contribution to tenderness and aroma production in DA meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Koizumi
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Innovation for Sustainability, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuh Shiwa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.,NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kido
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Irisawa
- Department of Agricultural Innovation for Sustainability, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Muramatsu
- Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tada
- Department of Agricultural Innovation for Sustainability, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masao Yamazaki
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Myoda
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
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Elias M, Laranjo M, Potes ME, Agulheiro-Santos AC, Fernandes MJ, Garcia R, Fraqueza MJ. Impact of a 25% Salt Reduction on the Microbial Load, Texture, and Sensory Attributes of a Traditional Dry-Cured Sausage. Foods 2020; 9:E554. [PMID: 32370036 PMCID: PMC7278657 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalão is a Portuguese dry-cured traditional sausage, highly appreciated for its distinctive sensory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 25% salt reduction on Catalão manufactured with either purebred Alentejano (Al) or crossbred Iberian × Duroc (IDr) pork meat, on its physicochemical and microbiological stability, texture parameters, and sensory attributes. No significant effect of salt reduction or genotype was observed for pH, aW, and microbiological parameters. PUFA content was significantly higher for Al Catalão, particularly due to the content in linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. IDr 3% NaCl samples had the highest mean n6/n3 PUFA ratio, and the highest mean values for the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, showing that both genotype and salt content influence these nutritional indices. Texture profile of Catalão was significantly influenced by salt content and genotype. Al samples were less adhesive, cohesive, and easier to chew. Low-salt Catalão was harder, more adhesive, and less cohesive, with lower resilience and higher chewiness values. Regarding sensory attributes, salt content influenced the product aroma, with reduced-salt sausages being evaluated as significantly less aromatic. Overall, a 25% salt reduction did not have a significant impact on the quality, stability, and sensory evaluation of Catalão.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Elias
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.L.); (M.E.P.); (A.C.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.L.); (M.E.P.); (A.C.A.-S.); (R.G.)
| | - Maria Eduarda Potes
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.L.); (M.E.P.); (A.C.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.L.); (M.E.P.); (A.C.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria José Fernandes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Garcia
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.L.); (M.E.P.); (A.C.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Fraqueza
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Dry-Cured Meat Products According to the Smoking Regime: Process Optimization to Control Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010091. [PMID: 31952356 PMCID: PMC7023091 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of dry-cured meat products usually includes a smoking step. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially carcinogenic chemical compounds that may result from smoking. The aim of the present study was to optimize the smoking regime of traditional dry-cured meat products in order to minimize the presence of PAHs. Dry-cured sausages were submitted to different smoking regimes: (A) no smoking; (B) 20 h effective smoking; (C) 60 h effective smoking; (D) effective smoking until reaching 38%–40% weight losses. Three independent batches were produced per smoking regime, and three samples per batch were analyzed. Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory analyses were performed. The total PAHs content was generally low and did not differ significantly in meat products submitted to the four different smoking regimes. The PAH4 and benzo(α)pyrene levels were below the established legal limits in all analyzed dry-cured sausages. Nevertheless, non-smoked sausages always showed lower PAHs values for all PAHs groups.
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