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Davies RA, Barbee BR, Garcia-Sifuentes Y, Butkovich LM, Gourley SL. Subunit-selective PI3-kinase control of action strategies in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 203:107789. [PMID: 37328026 PMCID: PMC10527156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PI3-kinase (PI3K) is an intracellular signaling complex that is stimulated upon cocaine exposure and linked with the behavioral consequences of cocaine. We recently genetically silenced the PI3K p110β subunit in the medial prefrontal cortex following repeated cocaine in mice, reinstating the capacity of these mice to engage in prospective goal-seeking behavior. In the present short report, we address two follow-up hypotheses: 1) The control of decision-making behavior by PI3K p110β is attributable to neuronal signaling, and 2) PI3K p110β in the healthy (i.e., drug-naïve) medial prefrontal cortex has functional consequences in the control of reward-related decision-making strategies. In Experiment 1, we found that silencing neuronal p110β improved action flexibility following cocaine. In Experiment 2, we reduced PI3K p110β in drug-naïve mice that were extensively trained to respond for food reinforcers. Gene silencing caused mice to abandon goal-seeking strategies, unmasking habit-based behaviors that were propelled by interactions with the nucleus accumbens. Thus, PI3K control of goal-directed action strategies appears to act in accordance with an inverted U-shaped function, with "too much" (following cocaine) or "too little" (following p110β subunit silencing) obstructing goal seeking and causing mice to defer to habit-like response sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA
| | - Britton R Barbee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, USA
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Sifuentes
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA.
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Preventing incubation of drug craving to treat drug relapse: from bench to bedside. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1415-1429. [PMID: 36646901 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In 1986, Gawin and Kleber reported a progressive increase in cue-induced drug craving in individuals with cocaine use disorders during prolonged abstinence. After years of controversy, as of 2001, this phenomenon was confirmed in rodent studies using self-administration model, and defined as the incubation of drug craving. The intensification of cue-induced drug craving after withdrawal exposes abstinent individuals to a high risk of relapse, which urged us to develop effective interventions to prevent incubated craving. Substantial achievements have been made in deciphering the neural mechanisms, with potential implications for reducing drug craving and preventing the relapse. The present review discusses promising drug targets that have been well investigated in animal studies, including some neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurotrophic factors, and epigenetic markers. We also discuss translational exploitation and challenges in the field of the incubation of drug craving, providing insights into future investigations and highlighting the potential of pharmacological interventions, environment-based interventions, and neuromodulation techniques.
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Webb SM, Sacramento AD, McCloskey MA, Wroten MG, Ploense KL, Kippin TE, Ben-Shahar O, Szumlinski KK. The incubation of cocaine craving is dissociated from changes in glial cell markers within prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3:100030. [PMID: 36034166 PMCID: PMC9410194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M. Webb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Arianne D. Sacramento
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Megan A. McCloskey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Melissa G. Wroten
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Kyle L. Ploense
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Osnat Ben-Shahar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
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Receptor-Mediated AKT/PI3K Signalling and Behavioural Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae Reveal Association between Schizophrenia and Opioid Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094715. [PMID: 35563106 PMCID: PMC9104710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between substance abuse and the development of schizophrenia remains elusive. In this study, we assessed the molecular and behavioural alterations associated with schizophrenia, opioid addiction, and opioid withdrawal using zebrafish as a biological model. Larvae of 2 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to domperidone (DMP), a dopamine-D2 dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, and morphine for 3 days and 10 days, respectively. MK801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, served as a positive control to mimic schizophrenia-like behaviour. The withdrawal syndrome was assessed 5 days after the termination of morphine treatment. The expressions of schizophrenia susceptibility genes, i.e., pi3k, akt1, slc6a4, creb1 and adamts2, in brains were quantified, and the levels of whole-body cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), serotonin and cortisol were measured. The aggressiveness of larvae was observed using the mirror biting test. After the short-term treatment with DMP and morphine, all studied genes were not differentially expressed. As for the long-term exposure, akt1 was downregulated by DMP and morphine. Downregulation of pi3k and slc6a4 was observed in the morphine-treated larvae, whereas creb1 and adamts2 were upregulated by DMP. The levels of cAMP and cortisol were elevated after 3 days, whereas significant increases were observed in all of the biochemical tests after 10 days. Compared to controls, increased aggression was observed in the DMP-, but not morphine-, treated group. These two groups showed reduction in aggressiveness when drug exposure was prolonged. Both the short- and long-term morphine withdrawal groups showed downregulation in all genes examined except creb1, suggesting dysregulated reward circuitry function. These results suggest that biochemical and behavioural alterations in schizophrenia-like symptoms and opioid dependence could be controlled by common mechanisms.
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Huerta Sanchez LL, Sankaran M, Li TL, Doan H, Chiu A, Shulman E, Shab G, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Profiling prefrontal cortex protein expression in rats exhibiting an incubation of cocaine craving following short-access self-administration procedures. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1031585. [PMID: 36684008 PMCID: PMC9846226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1031585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incubation of drug-craving refers to a time-dependent increase in drug cue-elicited craving that occurs during protracted withdrawal. Historically, rat models of incubated cocaine craving employed extended-access (typically 6 h/day) intravenous drug self-administration (IV-SA) procedures, although incubated cocaine craving is reported to occur following shorter-access IV-SA paradigms. The notoriously low-throughput of extended-access IV-SA prompted us to determine whether two different short-access IV-SA procedures akin to those in the literature result in qualitatively similar changes in glutamate receptor expression and the activation of downstream signaling molecules within prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions as those reported previously by our group under 6h-access conditions. METHODS For this, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to intravenously self-administer cocaine for 2 h/day for 10 consecutive days (2-h model) or for 6 h on day 1 and 2 h/day for the remaining 9 days of training (Mixed model). A sham control group was also included that did not self-administer cocaine. RESULTS On withdrawal day 3 or 30, rats were subjected to a 2-h test of cue-reinforced responding in the absence of cocaine and a time-dependent increase in drug-seeking was observed under both IV-SA procedures. Immunoblotting of brain tissue collected immediately following the cue test session indicated elevated phospho-Akt1, phospho-CaMKII and Homer2a/b expression within the prelimbic subregion of the PFC of cocaine-incubated rats. However, we failed to detect incubation-related changes in Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor or ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression in either subregion. DISCUSSION These results highlight further a role for Akt1-related signaling within the prelimbic cortex in driving incubated cocaine craving, and provide novel evidence supporting a potential role also for CaMKII-dependent signaling through glutamate receptors in this behavioral phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Mathangi Sankaran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Taylor L Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Hoa Doan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Alvin Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Eleanora Shulman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Gabriella Shab
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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Chiu AS, Kang MC, Huerta Sanchez LL, Fabella AM, Holder KN, Barger BD, Elias KN, Shin CB, Jimenez Chavez CL, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2090-2100. [PMID: 34188183 PMCID: PMC8505628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus' "anti-incubation" effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Fabella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kalysta N Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brooke D Barger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kristina N Elias
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christina B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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7
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Zhu H, Zhuang D, Lou Z, Lai M, Fu D, Hong Q, Liu H, Zhou W. Akt and its phosphorylation in nucleus accumbens mediate heroin-seeking behavior induced by cues in rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13013. [PMID: 33619816 PMCID: PMC8459226 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Akt is initially identified as one of the downstream targets of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and is involved in morphine reward and tolerance. However, whether phospholyration of Akt (p-Akt) mediates heroin relapse remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of p-Akt in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in cue-induced heroin-seeking behaviors after withdrawal. First, rats were trained to self-administer heroin for 14 days, after which we assessed heroin-seeking behaviors induced by a context cue (CC) or by discrete conditioned cues (CS) after 1 day or 14 days of withdrawal. We found that the active responses induced by CC or CS after 14 days of withdrawal were higher than those after 1 day of withdrawal. Meanwhile, the expression of p-Akt in the NAc was also greatest when rats were exposed to the CS after 14 days of withdrawal. Additionally, a microinjection of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, into the NAc inhibited the CS-induced heroin-seeking behaviors after 14 days of withdrawal, paralleling the decreased levels of p-Akt in the NAc. Finally, Akt1 or β-arrestin 2 was downregulated via a lentiviral injection to assess the effect on heroin seeking after 14 days of withdrawal. CS-induced heroin-seeking behavior was inhibited by downregulation of Akt1, but not β-arrestin 2, in the NAc. These data demonstrate that Akt phosphorylation in the NAc may play an important role in the incubation of heroin-seeking behavior, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt pathways may be involved in the process of heroin relapse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Dingding Zhuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University China
| | - Miaojun Lai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Dan Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University China
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8
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Shapiro LP, Pitts EG, Li DC, Barbee BR, Hinton EA, Bassell GJ, Gross C, Gourley SL. The PI3-Kinase p110β Isoform Controls Severity of Cocaine-Induced Sequelae and Alters the Striatal Transcriptome. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:959-969. [PMID: 33773752 PMCID: PMC8202243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3-kinase (PI3K) complex is a well-validated target for mitigating cocaine-elicited sequelae, but pan-PI3K inhibitors are not viable long-term treatment options. The PI3K complex is composed of p110 catalytic and regulatory subunits, which can be individually manipulated for therapeutic purposes. However, this possibility has largely not been explored in behavioral contexts. METHODS Here, we inhibited PI3K p110β in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of cocaine-exposed mice. Behavioral models for studying relapse, sensitization, and decision-making biases were paired with protein quantification, RNA sequencing, and cell type-specific chemogenetic manipulation and RNA quantification to determine whether and how inhibiting PI3K p110β confers resilience to cocaine. RESULTS Viral-mediated PI3K p110β silencing reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by half, blocked locomotor sensitization, and restored mPFC synaptic marker content after exposure to cocaine. Cocaine blocked the ability of mice to select actions based on their consequences, and p110β inhibition restored this ability. Silencing dopamine D2 receptor-expressing excitatory mPFC neurons mimicked cocaine, impairing goal-seeking behavior, and again, p110β inhibition restored goal-oriented action. We verified the presence of p110β in mPFC neurons projecting to the dorsal striatum and orbitofrontal cortex and found that inhibiting p110β in the mPFC altered the expression of functionally defined gene clusters within the dorsal striatum and not orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Subunit-selective PI3K silencing potently mitigates drug seeking, sensitization, and decision-making biases after exposure to cocaine. We suggest that inhibiting PI3K p110β provides neuroprotection against cocaine by triggering coordinated corticostriatal adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Elizabeth G. Pitts
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Dan C. Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Britton R. Barbee
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Elizabeth A. Hinton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
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Ehinger Y. PI3-Kinase p110β in Cortical Circuitries and Cocaine-Dependent Maladaptative Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:e55-e57. [PMID: 33958037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Ehinger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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10
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IL-17 Affects the Progression, Metastasis, and Recurrence of Laryngeal Cancer via the Inhibition of Apoptosis through Activation of the PI3K/AKT/FAS/FASL Pathways. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2953191. [PMID: 33415169 PMCID: PMC7769679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2953191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines play important roles in the development and prognosis of laryngeal cancer (LC). Interleukin-17 (IL-17) from a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells may significantly induce cancer-elicited inflammation to prevent tumor immune surveillance. Methods The expression levels of IL-17 were examined among 60 patients with LC. Immunofluorescence colocalization experiments were performed to verify the localization of IL-17 and FAS/FASL in Hep-2 and Tu212 cells. The role of IL-17 was determined using siRNA techniques in the LC cell line. Results In the LC patients, cytokines were dysregulated in LC tissues compared with normal tissues. It was found that IL-17 was overexpressed in a cohort of 60 LC tumors paired with nontumor tissues. Moreover, high IL-17 expression was significantly associated with the advanced T category, the late clinical stage, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. In addition, the time course expression of FAS and FASL was observed after stimulation and treatment with the IL-17 stimulator. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-17 functioned as an oncogene by inhibiting the apoptosis of LC cells via the PI3K/AKT/FAS/FASL pathways. Conclusions In summary, these findings demonstrated for the first time the role of IL-17 as a tumor promoter and a prometastatic factor in LC and indicated that IL-17 may have an oncogenic role and serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LC.
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11
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Ucha M, Roura-Martínez D, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. The role of the mTOR pathway in models of drug-induced reward and the behavioural constituents of addiction. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1176-1199. [PMID: 32854585 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120944159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to drugs of abuse induces neuroadaptations in critical nodes of the so-called reward systems that are thought to mediate the transition from controlled drug use to the compulsive drug-seeking that characterizes addictive disorders. These neural adaptations are likely to require protein synthesis, which is regulated, among others, by the mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signalling cascade. METHODS We have performed a narrative review of the literature available in PubMed about the involvement of the mTOR pathway in drug-reward and addiction-related phenomena. AIMS The aim of this study was to review the underlying architecture of this complex intracellular network and to discuss the alterations of its components that are evident after exposure to drugs of abuse. The aim was also to delineate the effects that manipulations of the mTOR network have on models of drug reward and on paradigms that recapitulate some of the psychological components of addiction. RESULTS There is evidence for the involvement of the mTOR pathway in the acute and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, especially psychostimulants. However, the data regarding opiates are scarce. There is a need to use sophisticated animal models of addiction to ascertain the real role of the mTOR pathway in this pathology and not just in drug-mediated reward. The involvement of this pathway in behavioural addictions and impulsivity should also be studied in detail in the future. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a plethora of data about the modulation of mTOR by drugs of abuse, the involvement of this signalling pathway in addictive disorders requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ucha
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roura-Martínez
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Szumlinski KK, Coelho MA, Tran T, Stailey N, Lieberman D, Gabriella I, Swauncy I, Brewin LW, Ferdousian S. Who is HOT and who is LOT? Detailed characterization of prescription opioid-induced changes in behavior between 129P3/J and 129S1/SvlmJ mouse substrains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12609. [PMID: 31489753 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors are theorized to contribute to the substantial inter-individual variability in opioid abuse/addiction. To advance the behavioral genetics of prescription opioid abuse, our prior work identified the 129S1/SvlmJ (S1) and related 129P3/J (P3) mouse substrains, respectively, as low and high opioid-taking. Herein, we related our prior results to measures of sucrose reward/reinforcement, basal anxiety, opioid-induced place-conditioning, locomotor activity and Straub tail reaction, as well as behavioral and physiological signs of withdrawal. Substrains were also re-examined for higher-dose oxycodone and fentanyl intake under limited-access drinking procedures. S1 mice failed to acquire sucrose self-administration under various operant-conditioning procedures and exhibited lower sucrose intake in the home-cage. However, sucrose intake under limited-access procedures escalated in both substrains with repeated sucrose experience. S1 mice exhibited less spontaneous locomotor activity, as well as less opioid-induced locomotor activity and Straub tail reaction, than P3 mice and failed to exhibit an oxycodone-induced place-preference. The lack of conditioned behavior by S1 mice was unrelated to behavioral signs of withdrawal-induced negative affect or dependence severity, but might reflect high levels of basal anxiety-like behavior. Intriguingly, S1 and P3 mice initially exhibited equivalent oxycodone and fentanyl consumption in the home-cage; however opioid intake escalated only in P3 mice with repeated opioid experience. No sex differences were observed for any of our measures. These data provide additional evidence for robust differences in opioid addiction-related behaviors between P3 and S1 substrains and suggest that anxiety, learning, and/or motivational impairments might confound interpretation of operant- and place-conditioning studies employing the S1 substrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,The Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Tori Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Nicholas Stailey
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Dylan Lieberman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Ivette Gabriella
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California
| | - Isaiah Swauncy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Lindsey W Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Sami Ferdousian
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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Sun X, Wang N, Wang X, Sun L, Li Y, Cui C. AMPA Receptor in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Plays Different Roles in the Recent and Remote Retrieval of Morphine-Associated Memory. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1939-1949. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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