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Hussain RN, Chiu A, Pittam B, Taktak A, Damato BE, Kacperek A, Errington D, Cauchi P, Chadha V, Connolly J, Salvi S, Rundle P, Cohen V, Arora A, Sagoo M, Bekir O, Kopsidas K, Heimann H. Proton beam radiotherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the UK-national audit of referral patterns of 1084 cases. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1033-1036. [PMID: 35840716 PMCID: PMC10050435 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proton beam therapy has been utilised for the treatment of uveal melanoma in the UK for over 30 years, undertaken under a single centre. In the UK, all ocular tumours are treated at one of four centres. We aimed to understand the variation in referral patterns to the UK proton service, capturing all uveal melanoma patients treated with this modality. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data regarding all patients treated at the Clatterbridge Proton service between January 2004 and December 2014. RESULTS A total of 1084 patients with uveal melanoma were treated. The mean age was 57 years (range 9-90 years), basal diameter of 11.5 mm (range 2.0-23.4 mm) and tumour thickness of 3.9 mm (range 0.1-15.4 mm). The majority were TNM stage I (39%) or II (36%). The distance to the optic nerve varied from 0 to 24.5 mm with 148 (14%) of patients having ciliary body involvement. There were variations in the phenotypic characteristic of the tumours treated with protons from different centres, with London referring predominantly small tumours at the posterior pole, Glasgow referring large tumours often at the ciliary body and Liverpool sending a mix of these groups. DISCUSSION In the UK, common indications for the use of proton treatment in uveal melanoma include small tumours in the posterior pole poorly accessible for plaque treatment (adjacent to the disc), tumours at the posterior pole affecting the fovea and large anterior tumours traditionally too large for brachytherapy. This is the first UK-wide audit enabling the capture of all patients treated at the single proton centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Hussain
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - A Chiu
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - B Pittam
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - A Taktak
- Department of Eye and Vision Science and Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - B E Damato
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - A Kacperek
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Errington
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 4JY, UK
| | - P Cauchi
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - V Chadha
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - J Connolly
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - S Salvi
- The National Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, S10 2JF, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Rundle
- The National Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, S10 2JF, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Cohen
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - A Arora
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - M Sagoo
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - O Bekir
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - K Kopsidas
- The National Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, S10 2JF, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Heimann
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
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Chiu A. Observations of a locum doctor working at the Asia World Expo Community Treatment Facility. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:503. [PMID: 36280593 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj2210252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Community Treatment Facility, Asia World Expo, Hong Kong
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3
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Huerta Sanchez LL, Sankaran M, Li TL, Doan H, Chiu A, Shulman E, Shab G, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Profiling prefrontal cortex protein expression in rats exhibiting an incubation of cocaine craving following short-access self-administration procedures. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1031585. [PMID: 36684008 PMCID: PMC9846226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1031585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incubation of drug-craving refers to a time-dependent increase in drug cue-elicited craving that occurs during protracted withdrawal. Historically, rat models of incubated cocaine craving employed extended-access (typically 6 h/day) intravenous drug self-administration (IV-SA) procedures, although incubated cocaine craving is reported to occur following shorter-access IV-SA paradigms. The notoriously low-throughput of extended-access IV-SA prompted us to determine whether two different short-access IV-SA procedures akin to those in the literature result in qualitatively similar changes in glutamate receptor expression and the activation of downstream signaling molecules within prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions as those reported previously by our group under 6h-access conditions. METHODS For this, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to intravenously self-administer cocaine for 2 h/day for 10 consecutive days (2-h model) or for 6 h on day 1 and 2 h/day for the remaining 9 days of training (Mixed model). A sham control group was also included that did not self-administer cocaine. RESULTS On withdrawal day 3 or 30, rats were subjected to a 2-h test of cue-reinforced responding in the absence of cocaine and a time-dependent increase in drug-seeking was observed under both IV-SA procedures. Immunoblotting of brain tissue collected immediately following the cue test session indicated elevated phospho-Akt1, phospho-CaMKII and Homer2a/b expression within the prelimbic subregion of the PFC of cocaine-incubated rats. However, we failed to detect incubation-related changes in Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor or ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression in either subregion. DISCUSSION These results highlight further a role for Akt1-related signaling within the prelimbic cortex in driving incubated cocaine craving, and provide novel evidence supporting a potential role also for CaMKII-dependent signaling through glutamate receptors in this behavioral phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Mathangi Sankaran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Taylor L Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Hoa Doan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Alvin Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Eleanora Shulman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Gabriella Shab
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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Dasari S, Chiu A, Theis J, Vrana JA, Kurtin PJ, Rech KL, Dao LN, Howard MT, McPhail ED, Dispenzieri A, Grogan M. Bone marrow involvement by ATTR amyloid is common in cardiac amyloidosis patients and may signal advanced-stage disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Amyloidosis encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal deposition of misfolded proteins leading to progressive organ failure. Accurate amyloid typing is essential for proper patient management, as treatment regimens vary dramatically across different types. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy, in conjunction with fat pad aspiration/biopsy, is often the first step in patients with suspected amyloidosis. Although BM involvement by AL amyloid has been previously characterized, little is known about the incidence, morphology and clinical phenotype of non-AL amyloid in BM.
Methods/Case Report
We retrospectively identified 1469 BM biopsies by querying our reference laboratory database of 19,298 specimens from myriad anatomic sites typed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS). These were reviewed for frequency of amyloid types (N=1469), distribution of amyloid deposits (N=139), and clinical phenotypes (N=345), with particular emphases on cardiac involvement.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
We identified the following amyloid types: AL (N=1172; 79.8%), ATTR (transthyretin) (N=240; 16.3%), AH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) (N=38; 2.6%), AA (serum amyloid A) (N=17; 1.2%), and Aβ2M (β2-microglobulin) (N=2; 0.1%). ATTR deposits showed striking predilection for periosteal soft tissue and/or periosteal vessels, and rarely involved BM stroma and/or interstitial vessels, while AL variably involved these compartments. AA primarily involved interstitial vessels. Both AL and ATTR cases commonly had a monoclonal gammopathy (AL: 92.9%; ATTR: 62.5%) with concomitant cardiac amyloidosis (AL: 91.6%; ATTR: 100%). Compared to AL, ATTR patients had higher stage cardiac amyloidosis and lower overall survival.
Conclusion
ATTR is common in BM, constituting16.3% of cases in our cohort. Rarer amyloid types, such as AA, AH and AB2M can also occur in BM. ATTR was frequently identified in patients with concomitant monoclonal gammopathy, in whom AL may have been suspected. Although ATTR deposits have distinctive morphologic distribution, primarily involving periosteal soft tissue and/or periosteal vessels and rarely involving BM stroma and/or interstitial vessels, there is considerable morphologic overlap with AL. Therefore, it is imperative to type BM amyloidosis, preferably by LC-MS/MS, to ensure proper patient management. Furthermore, BM involvement by ATTR may be a marker for advanced stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dasari
- Qualitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - A Chiu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - J Theis
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - J A Vrana
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - P J Kurtin
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - K L Rech
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - L N Dao
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - M T Howard
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - E D McPhail
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - A Dispenzieri
- Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - M Grogan
- Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
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Chiu A, Gordon A, Riaz A, Salem R, Lewandowski R. Abstract No. 71 Outcomes of segmental Yttrium-90 radioembolization in oligometastatic secondary hepatic malignancies. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Akoumianakis I, Sanna F, Akawi N, Chiu A, Herdman L, Badi I, Sayeed R, Krasopoulos G, Channon KM, Antoniades C. P2709Wnt5a contributes to human atherosclerosis via novel USP17 redox signalling. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wnt5a is a non-canonical Wnt ligand with potential vascular effects, but its mechanistic role in atherosclerosis progression and the underlying downstream mechanisms are poorly explored.
Purpose
To address the hypothesis that Wnt5a induces vascular NADPH-oxidases activity, endothelial dysfunction and detrimental downstream redox signalling which could propagate atherosclerosis in humans.
Methods
Study 1 included 70 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) versus age- and sex-matched non-CAD controls. Study 2 included 1,003 CAD patients undergoing cardiac surgery; internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV) segments were harvested and used for ex vivo experiments. Study 3 included 68 individuals undergoing two cardiac computed tomography scans 3–5 years apart; calcified plaque burden was assessed by coronary calcium score (CCS). Superoxide (O2·−) generation was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence with NADPH 100μM stimulation as indicator of NADPH-oxidases activity. Activation of Rac1, a key NADPH-oxidases subunit, was evaluated by a commercially available kit. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and HeLa cells were used for in vitro experiments. Circulating Wnt5a and Sfrp5 (a Wnt5a antagonist) were measured by ELISA in fasting plasma samples.
Results
In Study 1, the presence of CAD was independently linked with increased circulating Wnt5a bioavailability (A), which was, in turn, associated with increased IMA NADPH-oxidases activity in Study 2 (B). Recombinant Wnt5a directly stimulated NADPH-oxidases activity (C) via Rac1 activation (not shown) in human IMA, while inducing endothelial dysfunction evidenced by impaired SV endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (Ach) vasorelaxations (D). Transcriptomic analysis in Wnt5a-treated primary VSMCs versus controls identified USP17, a deubiquitinating enzyme implicated in Rac1 activation, as the top differentially regulated hit (not shown). Indeed, Wnt5a stimulated USP17 upregulation in VSMCs which was reversed by PEGylated superoxide dismutase (peg-SOD) 300U/mL (E), suggesting a redox sensitive effect. USP17 knockdown abolished the ability of Wnt5a to induce Rac1 activation in HeLa cells (F). At a clinical level, plasma Wnt5a was a predictor of plaque progression (defined as ΔCCS≥1, G) and new onset calcification (H) in Study 3.
Conclusions
We demonstrate for the first time that Wnt5a is elevated in CAD and causally associated with increased vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in humans. We further reveal USP17 to be a novel, previously undescribed, link between Wnt5a, Rac1 activation and NADPH-oxidase activity induction in humans. We finally propose that circulating Wnt5a may have a clinically relevant role in predicting atherosclerosis progression. Our findings identify Wnt5a as rational therapeutic target in vascular disease.
Acknowledgement/Funding
British Heart Foundation; Alexandros S Onassis Public Benefit Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- I Akoumianakis
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F Sanna
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Akawi
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Chiu
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L Herdman
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - I Badi
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Sayeed
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Krasopoulos
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K M Channon
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Antoniades
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Flores E, Sultan M, Chiu A, Wang P, Su W. P2669Application and validation of CAAP-AF score to predict ablation outcome in cryoballoon ablation dataset. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chiu A, Brady G, Ayub M, Dive C, Miller C. An open source R package for Droplet Digital PCR analysis. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spiegel S, Chiu A, James AS, Jentsch JD, Karlsgodt KH. Recognition deficits in mice carrying mutations of genes encoding BLOC-1 subunits pallidin or dysbindin. Genes Brain Behav 2015; 14:618-24. [PMID: 26294018 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated DTNBP1, the gene encoding dystrobrevin-binding protein or dysbindin, as a candidate risk gene for schizophrenia, though this relationship remains somewhat controversial. Variation in dysbindin, and its location on chromosome 6p, has been associated with cognitive processes, including those relying on a complex system of glutamatergic and dopaminergic interactions. Dysbindin is one of the seven protein subunits that comprise the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). Dysbindin protein levels are lower in mice with null mutations in pallidin, another gene in the BLOC-1, and pallidin levels are lower in mice with null mutations in the dysbindin gene, suggesting that multiple subunit proteins must be present to form a functional oligomeric complex. Furthermore, pallidin and dysbindin have similar distribution patterns in a mouse and human brain. Here, we investigated whether the apparent correspondence of pallid and dysbindin at the level of gene expression is also found at the level of behavior. Hypothesizing a mutation leading to underexpression of either of these proteins should show similar phenotypic effects, we studied recognition memory in both strains using the novel object recognition task (NORT) and social novelty recognition task (SNRT). We found that mice with a null mutation in either gene are impaired on SNRT and NORT when compared with wild-type controls. These results support the conclusion that deficits consistent with recognition memory impairment, a cognitive function that is impaired in schizophrenia, result from either pallidin or dysbindin mutations, possibly through degradation of BLOC-1 expression and/or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spiegel
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - A S James
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J D Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - K H Karlsgodt
- Psychiatry Research Division, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks.,Psychiatry Research Division, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset.,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Deng L, Xu-Monette ZY, Loghavi S, Manyam GC, Xia Y, Visco C, Huh J, Zhang L, Zhai Q, Wang Y, Qiu L, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Perry AM, Zhang S, Tzankov A, Rao H, Abramson J, Sohani AR, Xu M, Hsi ED, Zhu J, Ponzoni M, Wang S, Li L, Zhang M, Ferreri AJM, Parsons BM, Li Y, Piris MA, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma displays distinct clinical and biological features for treatment failure in rituximab era: a report from the International PTL Consortium. Leukemia 2015; 30:361-72. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chiu A, Paulley R, Sneesby K, Embree J. 121: High Adherence with RSV Immunoprophylaxis Dosing Schedule in a Centrally Managed Provincial RSV Program. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chiu A, MacDougall E, Gripp K. 191: Pediatric Resident Driven Health Advocacy Projects: Five Years of Success. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chiu A, Paulley R, Sneesby K, Embree J. 122: Effect of the Revised AAP Statement for Palivizumab Eligibility on Enrolment and Drug Cost in a Retrospective Provincial Cohort of Premature Infants. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e78a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chiu A, Paulley R, Sneesby K, Embree J. 12: Lean Management and Just-in-Time Ordering Reduces Palivizumab Wastage in a Provincial RSV Prophylaxis Program. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Malik R, Chiu A, Klupiec C, Lee W, Tisdall P, Demaere K, Canfield PJ. Paul Gotis-Graham: 1967-2014. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:148. [PMID: 24766043 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Visco C, Li Y, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Green TM, Li Y, Tzankov A, Wen W, Liu WM, Kahl BS, d'Amore ESG, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Tam W, Orazi A, Zu Y, Bhagat G, Winter JN, Wang HY, O'Neill S, Dunphy CH, Hsi ED, Zhao XF, Go RS, Choi WWL, Zhou F, Czader M, Tong J, Zhao X, van Krieken JH, Huang Q, Ai W, Etzell J, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Piris MA, Møller MB, Bueso-Ramos CE, Medeiros LJ, Wu L, Young KH. Erratum: Comprehensive gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies support application of immunophenotypic algorithm for molecular subtype classification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study. Leukemia 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mah J, Khan A, Chiu A, Ramage B. P.7.13 Whole body vibration training lowers serum creatine kinase levels in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lemyre B, Kirpalani H, Millar D, Yoder B, Chiu A, Roberts RR. Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) Does not Confer Benefit Over Nasal Cpap (NCPAP) in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infants - The Nippv International Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.8ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Visco C, Li Y, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Green TM, Li Y, Tzankov A, Wen W, Liu WM, Kahl BS, d'Amore ESG, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Tam W, Orazi A, Zu Y, Bhagat G, Winter JN, Wang HY, O'Neill S, Dunphy CH, Hsi ED, Zhao XF, Go RS, Choi WWL, Zhou F, Czader M, Tong J, Zhao X, van Krieken JH, Huang Q, Ai W, Etzell J, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Piris MA, Møller MB, Bueso-Ramos CE, Medeiros LJ, Wu L, Young KH. Comprehensive gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies support application of immunophenotypic algorithm for molecular subtype classification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study. Leukemia 2012; 26:2103-13. [PMID: 22437443 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling (GEP) has stratified diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into molecular subgroups that correspond to different stages of lymphocyte development-namely germinal center B-cell like and activated B-cell like. This classification has prognostic significance, but GEP is expensive and not readily applicable into daily practice, which has lead to immunohistochemical algorithms proposed as a surrogate for GEP analysis. We assembled tissue microarrays from 475 de novo DLBCL patients who were treated with rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy. All cases were successfully profiled by GEP on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Sections were stained with antibodies reactive with CD10, GCET1, FOXP1, MUM1 and BCL6 and cases were classified following a rationale of sequential steps of differentiation of B cells. Cutoffs for each marker were obtained using receiver-operating characteristic curves, obviating the need for any arbitrary method. An algorithm based on the expression of CD10, FOXP1 and BCL6 was developed that had a simpler structure than other recently proposed algorithms and 92.6% concordance with GEP. In multivariate analysis, both the International Prognostic Index and our proposed algorithm were significant independent predictors of progression-free and overall survival. In conclusion, this algorithm effectively predicts prognosis of DLBCL patients matching GEP subgroups in the era of rituximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Visco
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lu S, Lai Y, Chang C, Chiu Y, Hsueh T, Chiu A. MP-05.09 Experience of Thulium Laser Vaporesection of Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chiu A, Czader M, Cheng L, Hasserjian RP, Wang M, Bhagavathi S, Hyjek EM, Al-Ahmadie H, Knowles DM, Orazi A. Clonal X-chromosome inactivation suggests that splenic cord capillary hemangioma is a true neoplasm and not a subtype of splenic hamartoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:108-16. [PMID: 20852592 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Splenic hamartoma is a rare tumor-like lesion composed of structurally disorganized red pulp elements. It has been hypothesized that two other splenic lesions, cord capillary hemangioma and myoid angioendothelioma, may fall within the spectrum of splenic hamartoma, simply representing morphological variants. In this study, we compared the vascular and stromal composition of cord capillary hemangioma and myoid angioendothelioma with those of classical hamartoma. In addition, we assessed the clonal vs polyclonal nature of the lesions in nine female cases by performing clonality analysis for X-chromosome inactivation at the human androgen receptor locus (HUMARA) on laser-assisted microdissected samples. In 15 of 17 cases, increased reticulin and/or collagen content was observed. The classical hamartoma cases showed a vasculature predominantly composed of CD8+ CD31+ CD34- splenic sinuses, whereas cases of cord capillary hemangioma and myoid angioendothelioma contained many CD8- CD31+ CD34+ cord capillaries, but very little CD8+ vasculature. All cases lacked expression of D2-40 and Epstein Barr virus-encoded RNA. All cases showed a proliferation index of ≤5% by Ki-67. Cases of classical hamartoma lacked significant perisinusoidal expression of collagen IV and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Both markers were variably expressed in the other lesions. Increased CD163-positive histiocytes were found in four cases (three cord capillary hemangiomas and one myoid angioendothelioma). HUMARA analysis was informative in all nine tested cases, of which three cases showed a non-random X-chromosome inactivation pattern, indicating clonality. All three clonal cases were cord capillary hemangiomas. Our study has shown that in spite of considerable morphologic heterogeneity and overlapping features, classical hamartoma and cord capillary hemangioma and myoid angioendothelioma are different in terms of their vascular and stromal composition. Clonality analysis supports a true neoplastic origin for the cord capillary hemangioma. A larger study using additional immunohistochemical and molecular studies is necessary to further evaluate the biological significance of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Chiu A, Shi XL, Lee WKP, Hill R, Wakeman TP, Katz A, Xu B, Dalal NS, Robertson JD, Chen C, Chiu N, Donehower L. Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2010; 28:188-230. [PMID: 20859824 PMCID: PMC4330561 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2010.504980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- National Center for Environmental Assessment DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
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Qiu X, Jefferies A, Chiu A, Macartney J, Osiovich H, Simmons B, Lee S. Trainees' Perspectives On An in ternational Training Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine in Shanghai. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.60a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chiu A, McAuliffe W. A 42-year-old man with "pseudo-coprolalia". J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:954-5. [PMID: 20400316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 42-year-old right-handed man presented with one week's history of uncharacteristic use of coarse language with associated anomia, inappropriate word usage and slowness of thoughts. Imaging demonstrated a solitary infarct involving the anterior left thalamus. Clinical and imaging findings and the current literature on anterior thalamic insult are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Imaging Services, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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Chiu L, Chen S, Hsiao Y, Lu S, Chiu A. UP-1.101: Comparison of Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Moderate Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chadburn A, Chiu A, Lee Y, Chen X, Hyjek E, Banhmam A, Noy A, Kaplan A, Sparano J, Bhatia K, Cesarman E. Immunophenotypic analysis of AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and clinical implications in patients from AIDS malignancies consortium clinical trials 010 and 034. Infect Agent Cancer 2009. [PMCID: PMC4261764 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-s2-p14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ng C, Wong G, Kwong D, Chiu A. TU-FF-A1-04: Dosimetric Effect of Setup Errors On NPC IMRT Treatments. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lenihan D, Massey M, Baysinger K, Adorno C, Warneke C, Steinert D, Fayad L, Plana J, Yusuf S, Chiu A, Durand J, Yeh E. Superior Detection of Cardiotoxicity during Chemotherapy Using Biomarkers. J Card Fail 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.06.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lenihan DJ, Massey MR, Baysinger K, Steinert D, Fayad L, Yusuf SW, Chiu A, Durand J, Yeh ET. Early detection of cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy using biomarkers. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
19521 Cancer chemotherapy (CHEMO), especially anthracycline-containing regimens, may result in heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) due to cardiotoxicity (CVTx). The ability to detect CVTx currently utilizes techniques to assess LVD, such as MUGA or echocardiography (Echo), which have substantial limitations and only detect LVD well after it occurs. Cardiac biomarkers, troponin (Trop I) and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) are well established for detecting myocardial injury and LVD in patients without cancer. Limited evidence suggests that these may be important predictors of subsequent CVTx during CHEMO, but these markers have not been systematically investigated prospectively. Methods: Patients undergoing anthracycline-containing combination CHEMO were evaluated at baseline with: history and physical; electrocardiogram; Echo; and BNP and Trop I. Biomarkers were repeated before and after up to 6 cycles of CHEMO. ECHO was repeated after 6 cycles or at 6 months from baseline. Cardiac events (heart failure, LVD, sudden death, or arrhythmia) were documented, if present. Results: To date, 111 (53M/58F) patients, age 56±14 (mean±SD), with either lymphoma (n=39, 35%), sarcoma (n=60, 54%), or breast cancer (n=12, 11%) were enrolled. At least one traditional cardiac risk factor was identified in 77 (69%) and 2 or more risk factors noted in 46 (41%). Baseline ECHO parameters including ejection fraction (EF) and biomarkers were normal. With CHEMO, the mean post CHEMO BNP value (pg/ml) for the group did not change significantly; however, in the 8 patients with cardiac events, the BNP post CHEMO was elevated. The Trop I values were not abnormal except in 2 patients with events. Conclusion: Preliminary data collected to date indicates that BNP values during CHEMO remain normal unless cardiac events occur. Additionally, elevated BNP levels appear to detect CVTx, but LVEF did not. Furthermore, patients receiving CHEMO frequently have cardiac risk factors that may promote CVTx. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. Fayad
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - A. Chiu
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J. Durand
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E. T. Yeh
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Choy ET, Chiu A, Butow P, Young J, Spillane A. A pilot study to evaluate the impact of involving breast cancer patients in the multidisciplinary discussion of their disease and treatment plan. Breast 2007; 16:178-89. [PMID: 17158048 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary care is the accepted best model of management of breast cancer patients. Current evidence suggests that multidisciplinary care has the potential to reduce mortality, improve quality of life, and reduce health care costs. We investigated the impact of patient involvement in the multidisciplinary meeting. A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of directly involving patients diagnosed with breast cancer in multidisciplinary clinic discussions and treatment planning. 30 consecutive breast cancer patients presenting for surgery were invited to attend our weekly multidisciplinary breast meeting at the time of receiving their results of surgery. Patients completed questionnaires before and after the meeting, and participated in a tape-recorded interview with the breast care nurse after the meeting. Members of the multi-disciplinary team also completed a short survey at the end of the study. The intervention was highly valued by most of the participating patients; and acceptable to and welcomed by most health professionals in the multidisciplinary team. Change in anxiety scores was not affected by participation. Patient attendance at the breast multidisciplinary meeting was shown to be potentially acceptable to both patients and health professionals, without unduly raising patient anxiety. A national survey exploring attitudes towards patient involvement in the multidisciplinary team meeting is currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Choy
- Sydney Breast Cancer Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience and outcomes of co-locating acute stroke and stroke rehabilitation care in a district hospital were reviewed. METHOD Information for patients admitted to Blacktown and Mt Druitt Hospitals before and after setting up an acute stroke unit (SU) (12 months data for each period), including mortality and length of stay (LOS) at the hospital were obtained from various sources, including the diagnosis-related group and subacute and non-acute casemix databases. RESULTS There was a significant reduction of mortality (18 vs 10%; P = 0.01) and reduced total LOS (46 vs 39 days; P = 0.01) with similar functional outcomes in the post-SU period. Fifty per cent of patients were unable to access the acute SU. Patients admitted into the SU had lower mortality (5 vs 14%; P = 0.01) and were also discharged from hospital earlier (35 vs 54 days; P = 0.01) than patients admitted into general wards during the post-SU period. Thirty-four per cent of patients received rehabilitation within the rehabilitation facility in the post-SU period compared with 19% in the pre-SU period. CONCLUSION The Blacktown experience showed the feasibility of establishing a co-located SU within rehabilitation facility with good outcomes as illustrated by the significant reduction in the stroke mortality, a reduction in the total LOS and an increase in the number of patients receiving rehabilitation post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Geriatrics, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System (MARS) is a form of extracorporeal detoxification system used as an artificial liver support system. Numerous studies have been published on the topic, with the majority of them describing the capability of MARS in removing albumin-bound toxins and improving systemic hemodynamics. Whether such improvement could be translated into survival benefit is still uncertain, given the paucity of randomized controlled trials available. The outcome of patients receiving MARS treatment is difficult to analyze because liver failure patients constitute a heterogeneous population and different subgroups carry different prognoses. An evidence-based recommendation on the timing of MARS initiation is not available and currently MARS is usually commenced for hyperbilirubinemia or presence of complications of liver failure. MARS is in general a safe procedure, but there are still potential complications that need to be cautioned, along with various operative issues that are worth attention. The future prospects of MARS would rely on the completion of adequately powered randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, China
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Cui JZ, Chiu A, Maberley D, Ma P, Samad A, Matsubara JA. Stage specificity of novel growth factor expression during development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:200-8. [PMID: 16531976 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the relative levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGF-AA), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in glial and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of epiretinal membranes from proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS A total of 37 PVR membranes, of various stages, underwent fluorescent immunohistochemisty and confocal laser scanning microscopy to localize CTGF, HGF, and PDGF-AA in RPE and glial cells. RESULTS Numerous RPE, and relatively fewer glial cells, were found in all stages of PVR. CTGF immunoreactivity increased from early to late stage PVR and was principally expressed by RPE cells in early stage, and by glial cells in late stage PVR. HGF, expressed by both RPE and glial cells, was principally expressed in mid-stage PVR. PDGF-AA, expressed by both cell types, demonstrated a uniform level of staining throughout all stages of PVR. CONCLUSIONS RPE and glial cells contribute to the expression of CTGF, HGF, and PDGF-AA during PVR, but with specific developmental patterns. PDGF-AA is expressed uniformly throughout all stages of PVR, while HGF expression peaks during mid stage, and CTGF expression is highest during late stage PVR. These results allow for the development of stage-specific therapeutics for PVR that may allow targeting of the early proliferative and/or the late tractional stages of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Griffith C, Bagnato F, Gupta S, Calabrese A, Oh U, Chiu A, Ohayon JM, McAuliffe MJ, Tasciyan TA, Jacobson S. Brain volume measurements in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1–associated tropical spastic paraparesis. J Neurovirol 2006; 12:349-55. [PMID: 17065127 DOI: 10.1080/13550280600941665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 is associated with a chronic progressive neurologic disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) that affects 0.2% to 3% of HTLV-1-infected people. The authors aimed at exploring, in vivo, whether brain volume reduction occurs in patients with HAM/TSP through the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T1 pre/postcontrast spin echo-weighted images (WIs) and T2WIs of the brain were obtained in 19 HAM/TSP patients and 14 age-and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Both patients and healthy individuals were imaged at a 1.5-Tesla magnet by employing a conventional head coil. Focal T1 and T2 abnormalities were calculated and two measurements of brain parenchyma fraction (BPF) were obtained by using SIENAx (Structural Image Evaluation,using Normalisation, of Atrophy; University of Oxford, Oxford, UK) and MIPAV (Medical Image Processing, Analysis, and Visualization; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA) from T1WIs. No significant differences in BPF were found between patients and healthy subjects when using either SIENAx or MIPAV. Analysis of individual patients detected that BPF was lower by 1 standard deviation (SD) relative to patients' average BPF in one patient. The authors conclude that reductions in BPF do not occur frequently in patients with HAM/TSP. However, the authors believe that one individual case of significant brain atrophy raises the question as to whether atrophy selectively targets the spinal cord of HAM/TSP patients or may involve the brain as well. A larger patient population analyzing regional brain volume changes could be helpful in determining whether brain atrophy is a marker of disease in patients with HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffith
- Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Andersson Y, Chiu A, Debooy V, Granke N, Moddemann D, Casiro O. 68 Prognostic Value of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Brain Injury and Severe Retinopathy in Determining Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Paediatr Child Health 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/9.suppl_a.39ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wong SF, Chow KM, Shek CC, Leung YP, Chiu A, Lam PWY, Ho LC. Measures to prevent healtcare workers from contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome during high-risk surgical procedures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:131-3. [PMID: 14712366 PMCID: PMC7087897 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S F Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Ageing skin is characterized by fine lines, wrinkles, lentigines, dyspigmentation and increased coarseness. Topical preparations alleged to combat these changes abound in the over-the-counter market. Some of the most popular ingredients used in these products are vitamins, minerals and botanical extracts. Proposed mechanisms for antiageing effects on skin range from antioxidant properties to improved collagen synthesis or protection from collagen breakdown. Despite the media attention and consumer popularity that these ingredients have generated, there have been few scientific studies to support these claims. In this report, we review recent published studies on the most common of these ingredients for the topical photoprotection and the treatment of ageing skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, RM W0024, Stanford, CA 94305-5334, U.S.A
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Chiu A, Debooy V, Granke N, Moddemann D, Casiro O. Evaluation of Birth Weight Criteria for Screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Paediatr Child Health 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/8.suppl_b.15bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yao DX, Hoda SA, Chiu A, Ying L, Rosen PP. Intraepidermal cytokeratin 7 immunoreactive cells in the non-neoplastic nipple may represent interepithelial extension of lactiferous duct cells. Histopathology 2002; 40:230-6. [PMID: 11895488 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The interpretation of cytokeratin 7 (CK7)-positive cells in the epidermis of the nipple has been controversial. These cells have been described in Paget's disease of the nipple, and they have also been cited as benign 'Toker' cells or as Merkel cells. Having observed CK7+ cells in histologically unremarkable nipple biopsies, we sought to assess the distribution of CK7+ cells in Paget's disease of the nipple and in histologically unremarkable nipple. METHODS AND RESULTS Representative sections from 37 cases of Paget's disease of the nipple and 32 cases of histologically unremarkable nipple were obtained. The histologically unremarkable nipple sections were taken from prophylactic mastectomies (n=17) and from autopsies of patients who did not have breast cancer (n=15). CK7 immunostaining was performed on sections from formalin-fixed paraffin blocks. Sequential sections were immunostained with antibodies to low-molecular weight cytokeratin-CAM 5.2 and HER-2/neu. CK7+ cells were present in the epidermis around the opening of the lactiferous ducts in Paget's disease (95%) and in histologically unremarkable nipple (45%) cases. CK7+ cells diminished in number with increasing distance from the orifice of the lactiferous ducts. The lactiferous duct epithelium in Paget's disease and in histologically unremarkable nipple was CK7+ in all specimens when this element was present. CAM5.2 immunostaining had a similar but weaker pattern of reactivity. HER-2/neu reactivity was seen in 68% cases of Paget's disease and was negative in all cases of histologically unremarkable nipple. Tumour cells in two cases of Paget's disease were CK7-. In one of these, the underlying breast carcinoma was also CK7-, the only CK7- tumour in this series. In the other case, the normal lactiferous duct was CK7+ and no underlying carcinomatous tissue was available to study. CONCLUSIONS The presence of CK7+ cells does not equate to Paget's disease of the nipple. Intraepidermal CK7+ cells in the non-neoplastic nipple can be a manifestation of interepithelial extension of benign lactiferous duct cells. The increased presence of CK7+ cells in Paget's disease probably results either from neoplastic transformation of native intraepithelial lactiferous duct cells or form direct extension/migration of neoplastic cells into the nipple. The distribution of CK7 immunoreactive cells in the nipple epidermis can be helpful in the diagnosis of Paget's disease of the nipple.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Yao
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
The clinical and pathologic aspects of sentinel lymph node biopsy have generated much attention. Pitfalls in the pathologic handling of sentinel lymph node specimens have received little attention. We report a case in which a false-positive diagnosis might have been rendered on a sentinel lymph node because of an inadvertent immunostaining error. Attention was drawn to the problem by an unusual pattern of distribution of immunoreactive cells-which proved to be plasma cells rather than metastatic carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital & Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiu
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Hoda
- Departments of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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44
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Katz AJ, Chiu A, Beaubier J, Shi X. Combining Drosophila melanogaster somatic-mutation-recombination and electron-spin-resonance-spectroscopy data to interpret epidemiologic observations on chromium carcinogenicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 222:61-8. [PMID: 11678612 DOI: 10.1023/a:1017959222379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers are significantly increased among workers exposed to chromate (Cr6+, Cr3+), chromium pigments (Cr6+) and chromium plating (Cr6+). Chromium lung burdens and cancer risk increase proportionately with duration of employment at long latencies. However, this epidemiologic information alone is insufficient in determining whether Cr6+ or Cr3+ are equally important in causing cancer. We have attempted to combine epidemiologic data with data from the Drosophila melanogaster somatic-mutation-recombination-test and from the in vitro electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy study to demonstrate that following somatic recombination plays a more important role than somatic mutation in chromium carcinogenesis. Cr4+ is more important than Cr5+ or Cr6+ in inducing somatic recombination while Cr6+ produces more and bigger clones than Cr4+ in somatic mutation. Cr3+ produces negative results in this fruit-fly wing-spot-assay. When the larvae and flies exposed to Cr6+ and Cr4+ are examined by ESR, only Cr5+ and Cr3+ are found. Thermodynamic parameters deltaE, deltaH, and deltaS are also estimated from these latter experiments to explain the relative importance of Cr6+, Cr4+, Cr3+ in chromium carcinogenesis among exposed industrial workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, USA
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Chu LW, Lam KS, Tam SC, Hu WJ, Hui SL, Chiu A, Chiu KC, Ng P. A randomized controlled trial of low-dose recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of malnourished elderly medical patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1913-20. [PMID: 11344184 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.5.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-dose recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been shown to improve the nutritional status of malnourished older adults. It is uncertain whether low-dose rhGH is effective and whether its effect on nutritional status will lead to any improvement in physical function. There is also no data on the outcome after a short course of rhGH treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of low-dose rhGH treatment for 4 weeks in malnourished elderly patients, its effect on physical functions, and the intermediate term outcome after a 4-week rhGH treatment. The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted in a university teaching hospital. The patients were 19 medically stable malnourished elderly subjects. Intervention in the rhGH group was as follows: rhGH (Saizen, Serono, Switzerland) 0.09 IU/kg body weight (BW) 3 times weekly were given together with appropriate dietary intervention as prescribed by the dietitian. In the placebo group, equal volumes of normal saline per kilogram BW were given 3 times weekly together with the dietary intervention. The baseline demographic, anthropometric, nutritional, and hematological variables, measures of physical function, and insulin-like growth factor I levels in both groups were comparable. Compared with the placebo group, the GH-treated group showed a more rapid gain in BW (after 3 weeks, +1.27 +/- 0.36 vs. -0.28 +/- 0.37 kg; P = 0.008), total lean body mass (change after 3 weeks by bio-impedance analysis, +1.45 +/- 0.36 vs. -0.37 +/- 0.48 kg; P = 0.009) and a faster improvement in 5-m walking time (decrease after 4 weeks, 23.79 +/- 9.41 vs. 0.45 +/- 4.62 sec; P = 0.047). The hemoglobin level rose more in the rhGH than the placebo groups (change at 8 weeks, +0.84 +/- 0.34 vs. -0.42 +/- 0.29 g/dL; P = 0.012). Serum albumin level also showed a greater delayed increase in the rhGH group than in the placebo group (change at 8 weeks, +5.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.6 +/- 1.2 g/dL; P = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference for other nutritional variables. There was a greater rise in the mean serum insulin-like growth factor I level at 4 weeks in the GH than in the placebo groups (197 +/- 58 vs. 54 +/- 26 U/L; P = 0.034). The improvement in the rhGH group gradually diminished on follow-up and became statistically insignificant 8 weeks after stopping rhGH treatment. There were no GH-related adverse effects. Low-dose rhGH was an effective and safe adjuvant to dietary augmentation for stable malnourished elderly subjects. It led to a faster gain in total lean body mass, which was associated with greater improvement in walking speed when compared with dietary intervention alone. There were no apparent side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chu
- Divisions of Geriatric Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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46
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Maisel AS, Koon J, Krishnaswamy P, Kazenegra R, Clopton P, Gardetto N, Morrisey R, Garcia A, Chiu A, De Maria A. Utility of B-natriuretic peptide as a rapid, point-of-care test for screening patients undergoing echocardiography to determine left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J 2001; 141:367-74. [PMID: 11231433 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although echocardiography is an important tool for making the diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, the cost of this procedure limits its use as a routine screening tool for this purpose. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) accurately reflects ventricular pressure, and preliminary studies have found it to be highly sensitive and highly specific in diagnosing congestive heart failure in the emergency department. We hypothesized that BNP might therefore be useful as a screening tool before echocardiography in patients with suspected LV dysfunction. METHODS Subjects included patients referred for echocardiography to evaluate the presence or absence of LV dysfunction. Patients with known LV dysfunction were excluded from analysis. BNP was measured by a point-of-care immunoassay (Biosite Diagnostics, San Diego, Calif). The results of BNP levels were blinded from cardiologists making the assessment of LV function. Patients were divided into those with normal ventricular function, abnormal systolic ventricular function, abnormal diastolic function, and evidence of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS Two hundred patients in whom LV function was unknown were studied. In the 105 patients (53%) whose ventricular function was subsequently determined to be normal by echocardiography, BNP levels averaged 37 +/- 6 pg/mL. This was significantly less than in those patients with either ultimate diastolic dysfunction (BNP 391 +/- 89 pg/mL (P <.001) or systolic dysfunction (BNP 572 +/- 115 pg/mL (P <.001). A receiver-operator characteristic curve showing the sensitivity and specificity of BNP against the echocardiography diagnosis revealed the area under the curve (accuracy) was 0.95. At a BNP level of 75 pg/mL was 98% specific for detecting the presence or absence of LV dysfunction by echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS A simple, rapid test for BNP, which can be performed at the bedside or in the clinic, can reliably predict the presence or absence of LV dysfunction on echocardiogram. The data indicate that BNP may be an excellent screening tool for LV dysfunction and may, in fact, preclude the need for echocardiography in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Maisel
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Kuhel WI, Gonzales D, Hoda SA, Pan L, Chiu A, Giri D, DeLellis RA. Synchronous water-clear cell double parathyroid adenomas a hitherto uncharacterized entity? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:256-9. [PMID: 11175646 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0256-swccdp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water-clear cell hyperplasia is a rare but well-documented cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid adenomas of the water-clear cell type are exceptionally rare, and only 2 cases have been reported. We describe a patient with synchronous water-clear cell double parathyroid adenomas, an entity that has not previously been reported. In our case, the enlarged superior parathyroid glands were completely replaced by water-clear cells, with only a minute rim of extracapsular, histologically unremarkable parathyroid tissue. The inferior parathyroid glands were grossly unremarkable, and incisional biopsy specimens were histologically normal (no foci of water-clear cells were identified). The findings in this case are most consistent with the diagnosis of double adenomas of the water-clear cell type. We acknowledge that despite molecular proof of monoclonality of the 2 lesions, it is not possible to entirely exclude the possibility that this unusual case could be due to asymmetric hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Kuhel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Spessotto P, Yin Z, Magro G, Deutzmann R, Chiu A, Colombatti A, Perris R. Laminin isoforms 8 and 10 are primary components of the subendothelial basement membrane promoting interaction with neoplastic lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2001; 61:339-47. [PMID: 11196184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether subendothelial laminins (LNs) could be implicated in the extravasation of neoplastic lymphocytes, we have examined the distribution of a number of LN isoforms in human vascular structures of adult individuals and have assayed the ability of the isolated LN molecules to promote adhesion of lymphoma and leukemic cells in vitro using a novel cell adhesion assay, CAFCA, Centrifugal Assay for Fluorescence-based Cell Adhesion (E. Giacomello et al., Biotechniques, 26: 758-762, 1999; P. Spessotto et al., Methods Mol. Biol., 139: 321-343, 2000). The use of previously characterized LN chain-specific antibodies showed that the vast majority of the smaller vascular compartments, known to correspond to sites of lymphocyte transmigration, expressed the subunits involved in the structuring of 9 of the 12 LN isoforms known to date. Eight LN isoforms (i.e., LN-1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, and -11) and four naturally occurring LN complexes were isolated from various tissues and cultured cells by combined gel filtration, ion exchange, and immunoaffinity chromatographies, and the identity/composition of the isolated LNs/LN complexes was asserted by immunochemical means and amino-acid sequencing. Notwithstanding the widespread colocalization of LN isoforms, a panel of neoplastic B- and T-cell lines and lymphocytes isolated from patients affected by chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia attached preferentially and with high avidity to purified LN-8, purified LN-10, and LN-10-containing protein complexes, whereas lymphocytes derived from patients diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia failed to bind to these LNs. All of the tested neoplastic lymphocytes failed to adhere to the isolated LN-1, LN-4, LN-9, and LN-11 and attached moderately well to purified LN-2 and LN-5. The interaction of transformed lymphocytes with LNs was cation-dependent and interchangeably mediated by the alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 integrins. The degree of engagement of the two LN receptors was dependent upon their relative levels of cell surface expression, whereas, irrespective of the phenotype, lymphocytes deprived of either of these receptors were incapable of LN binding. The findings suggest that LN-8 and LN-10 may act in an independent or complementary fashion as primary components of the endothelial basement membrane favoring the interaction of extravasating neoplastic lymphocytes. Thus, our results would demonstrate that different LN isoforms may evoke diverse cellular responses in different cell types and that this divergence may be the basis for the redundancy of LN distribution in a number of vascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spessotto
- Division for Experimental Oncology 2, National Cancer Institute CRO-IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Zacharisen MC, Chiu A, Gimenez L, Lasley MV, Kelly KJ. Rib pain in a 23-year-old woman with severe asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 86:13-8. [PMID: 11206231 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This case illustrates the importance of considering a wide range of diagnoses in patients complaining of rib, flank, and pleuritic pain. Further, additional evaluation is warranted when "pneumonia" does not respond to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Zacharisen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, USA.
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50
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Febbraio MA, Chiu A, Angus DJ, Arkinstall MJ, Hawley JA. Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 89:2220-6. [PMID: 11090571 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion before and during exercise and in combination on glucose kinetics, metabolism and performance in seven trained men, who cycled for 120 min (SS) at approximately 63% of peak power output, followed by a 7 kJ/kg body wt time trial (TT). On four separate occasions, subjects received either a placebo beverage before and during SS (PP); placebo 30 min before and 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (PC); 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and placebo throughout SS (CP); or 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and 2 g/kg of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (CC). Ingestion of CC and CP markedly (>8 mM) increased plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]) compared with PP and PC (5 mM). However, plasma [glucose] fell rapidly at the onset of SS so that after 80 min it was similar (6 mM) between all treatments. After this time, plasma [glucose] declined in both PP and CP (P < 0.05) but was well maintained in both CC and PC. Ingestion of CC and CP increased rates of glucose appearance (R(a)) and disappearance (R(d)) compared with PP and PC at the onset of, and early during, SS (P < 0.05). However, late in SS, both glucose R(a) and R(d) were higher in CC and PC compared with other trials (P < 0.05). Although calculated rates of glucose oxidation were different when comparing the four trials (P < 0.05), total CHO oxidation and total fat oxidation were similar. Despite this, TT was improved in CC and PC compared with PP (P < 0.05). We conclude that 1) preexercise ingestion of CHO improves performance only when CHO ingestion is maintained throughout exercise, and 2) ingestion of CHO during 120 min of cycling improves subsequent TT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Febbraio
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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