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Odabaş T, Harorlı OT. Dental restorative materials and halitosis: a preliminary in-vitrostudy. J Breath Res 2024; 18:036005. [PMID: 38744271 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad4b57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of dental restorative materials, little information exists in the literature regarding their potential impact on bad breath. This in vitro study aims to fill this gap by investigating the influence of different restorative materials on the release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Thirteen diverse dental restorative materials, including composites, flowable composites, glass ionomer restorative materials, high-copper amalgam, and CAD-CAM blocks, were examined. Cellulose Sponge models were used as negative and positive control. All samples were prepared with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. Except for the negative control group, all samples were embedded into Allium cepa L., and the emitted H2S was measured using the Wintact W8802 hydrogen sulfide monitor. Surface roughness's effect on emission was explored by roughening the surfaces of CAD-CAM material samples, and gas emission was measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and DSCF pairwise comparison tests. Fiber-reinforced flowable composite (EverX Flow), amalgam (Nova 70-caps), and certain composite materials (IPS Empress Direct, Tetric Evoceram, Admira Fusion X-tra) released higher H2S concentrations compared to the negative control. The H2S release period lasted longer in the same materials mentioned above, along with G-aenial Universal Injectable. Indirectly used materials, such as GC Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and Vita YZ HT, demonstrated significantly lower emissions compared to other direct restoratives. Importantly, the surface roughness of indirect materials did not significantly affect peak H2S concentrations or release times. The study reveals variations in H2S release among restorative materials, suggesting potential advantages of indirect restorative materials in reducing H2S-induced halitosis. This comprehensive understanding of the relationship between restorative materials and halitosis can empower both dental professionals and patients to make well-informed treatment choices. Notably, there is evidence supporting the enhanced performance of indirect restorative materials for individuals affected by halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Odabaş
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Tolga Harorlı
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Szalai E, Tajti P, Szabó B, Kói T, Hegyi P, Czumbel LM, Varga G, Kerémi B. ORGANOLEPTIC AND HALITOMETRIC ASSESSMENTS DO NOT CORRELATE WELL IN INTRA-ORAL HALITOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2023; 23:101862. [PMID: 37689445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard method for diagnosing oral halitosis is the subjective organoleptic measurement. Device-supported methods are also widespread worldwide. The challenges and safety concerns around performing organoleptic measurements during pandemics and the diversity of measuring device alternatives raised our clinical question: which halitometer is the most suitable for diagnosing halitosis? METHODS This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD42022320024). The search was performed on March 23, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Adult populations with or without halitosis were included, and patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Organoleptic (subjective) measurement and the device-supported (objective) methods were compared; the primary outcome was the correlation coefficient, and the secondary was the specificity and sensitivity of the devices. QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C were used to evaluate the risk of bias in the studies. Random-effects meta analyses were performed on the outcomes, and the secondary outcomes were plotted on a common ROC plot. RESULTS A total of 1231 records were found in the 5 databases. After the selection process, 76 articles were eligible for the systematic review, and 14,635 patients were involved in the qualitative analysis. The pooled Spearman's correlation coefficient (c.c.) for sulfide monitors was 0.65; 95% CIs: [0.53-0.74]; I2 = 95%, P < .01. The pooled Spearman's c.c. for portable gas chromatographs was 0.69; 95% CIs: [0.63-0.74]; I2 = 12%, P < .01. The pooled Spearman's c.c. for gas chromatographs was 0.76; 95% CIs: [0.67-0.83]; I2 = 0%, P < .01. DISCUSSION None of the most commonly used halitometers proved to be significantly superior to the others. Halimeter and OralChroma measurements did not correlate well with the organoleptic level of oral halitosis in adults. Therefore, better halitometers need to be developed as an alternative to organoleptic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szalai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tajti
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szabó
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kói
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Márk Czumbel
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kerémi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Ahn BK, Ahn YJ, Lee YJ, Lee YH, Lee GJ. Simple and Sensitive Detection of Bacterial Hydrogen Sulfide Production Using a Paper-Based Colorimetric Assay. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5928. [PMID: 35957485 PMCID: PMC9371415 DOI: 10.3390/s22155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to participate in bacteria-induced inflammatory response in periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify H2S produced by oral bacteria for diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases including halitosis and periodontal disease. In this study, we introduce a paper-based colorimetric assay for detecting bacterial H2S utilizing silver/Nafion/polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane and a 96-well microplate. This H2S-sensing paper showed a good sensitivity (8.27 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9996), which was higher than that of lead acetate paper (6.05 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9959). We analyzed the difference in H2S concentration released from four kinds of oral bacteria (Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus casei). Finally, the H2S level in Eikenella corrodens while varying the concentration of cysteine and treatment time was quantified. This paper-based colorimetric assay can be utilized as a simple and effective tool for in vitro screening of H2S-producing ability of many bacteria as well as salivary H2S analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ki Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Medical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Graduate School, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Tay JRH, Ng E, Lai CWM, Lim LP, Ong MMA. The efficacy of probiotics in the management of intra-oral halitosis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4687-4700. [PMID: 35536439 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in reducing halitosis of dental origin. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched up to and including June 2020. Randomised placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trials in systemically healthy adult patients who were given any form of probiotics to manage halitosis of dental origin were included. Primary outcome measures were organoleptic scores and volatile sulphur concentration levels. Secondary outcome measures were microbiologic parameters and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS Of the 301 potentially relevant articles, eight articles were selected for the review. The risk of bias assessment showed that two studies were of low risk of bias, four studies had some concerns, and two studies had a high risk of bias. The beneficial effect of probiotics could neither be confirmed in periodontally treated patients administered with up to 8 weeks of probiotics, nor in periodontitis patients who received both non-surgical periodontal therapy and adjunctive probiotics up to 90 days. Microbiological findings 1 month after probiotics administration and QOL measures showed no significant differences compared to control. Considerable heterogeneity was observed among probiotic administration protocols. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests no convincing benefit for the use of probiotics in the management of halitosis. Standardised protocols on recruitment of halitosis subjects and organoleptic measurements are required for future studies on probiotics as an intervention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The lack of well-conducted studies with a low risk of bias precludes any clinical recommendation. Further research is needed to verify the efficacy of probiotics in the management of intra-oral halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rong Hao Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168938, Singapore.
| | - Ethan Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168938, Singapore
| | - Clement Wei Ming Lai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Lum Peng Lim
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Marianne Meng Ann Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168938, Singapore
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