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Inoue M, Sasamoto M, Ichihara R. Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome to Hemodialysis Polysulfone Membrane. Semin Dial 2024. [PMID: 38773824 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe and potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. Although commonly associated with specific drugs, there have been no reports of DRESS syndrome caused by medical devices. We report a unique case of DRESS syndrome linked to a particular hemodialysis membrane during treatment. An 83-year-old man on hemodialysis exhibited fever, rash, and elevated eosinophils. Despite medication changes and consultations with specialists, his condition persisted. A drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test revealed a positive response to the dialysis membrane. His symptoms and lab results met DRESS syndrome diagnostic criteria. After substituting the membrane and administering glucocorticoids, the patient displayed early improvement. Diagnosing DRESS syndrome is complex due to its varied presentation and lack of specific benchmarks. This instance underscores the need to consider medical devices as potential DRESS syndrome triggers. Enhanced physician awareness can facilitate prompt detection and proper management, ultimately refining patient outcomes.
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Marcombes C, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Dezoteux F, Staumont-Sallé D, Milpied B, Tetart F, de Prost N, Fourati S, Ortonne N, Kasimir F, Prusty BK, Descamps V. Retrospective study on the association of human herpesvirus reactivation with severe DRESS: A description of blood and skin reactivations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2550-2557. [PMID: 37591509 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse event (mortality of 10%). Its pathophysiology involves herpesviruses, particularly HHV-6, but the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To describe severe cases of DRESS and especially their association with herpesvirus reactivation. METHODS This study was a multicentre case series conducted between 2007 and 2021 at five University Hospital Centres in France. The study included patients who had severe DRESS, which was defined as death, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), or severe damage to internal organs. We excluded patients without blood PCR sample, without a drug formally attributed or with RegiSCAR score < 6. We collected data on severity, causative drug, associated visceral damage and results of viral blood PCRs. HHV-6 reactivation was studied in skin biopsies by detection of small non-coding transcripts (HHV-6 miR-aU14) and a late viral protein (GP82/105). RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included (29 female, median age 62, interquartile range (IQR) [37;72]). Eight patients (15%) died, 13 (27%) were admitted to ICU. Most patients (n = 34; 65%) had multisystem involvement: most frequent was liver (n = 46; 88%), then renal failure (n = 24; 46%). Forty patients (77%) had at least one blood viral reactivation among HHV-6, EBV or CMV, of which 21 (53%) had at least two. Median time of blood HHV-6 reactivation was 24 days (IQR [20;35]). HHV-6 reactivation was demonstrated in 15 out of 20 skin biopsies, with a median time of 11 days [9;17]. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the high rate of HHV-6 reactivation in severe DRESS and demonstrated cutaneous HHV-6 reactivation using small non-coding transcripts (HHV-6 miR-aU14), which preceded viral PCR positivity in blood. These results suggest that HHV-6 reactivation during DRESS may start in skin. Furthermore, search for miR-aU14 in skin biopsy could become a useful diagnostic tool for early detection of HHV-6 reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marcombes
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses and Severe Drug Reactions TOXIBUL, Créteil, France
- Epiderme, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
| | - F Dezoteux
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, INSERM U1286, Lille Inflammation Translational Research Institute (INFINITE), Lille, France
| | - D Staumont-Sallé
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, INSERM U1286, Lille Inflammation Translational Research Institute (INFINITE), Lille, France
| | - B Milpied
- Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses and Severe Drug Reactions TOXIBUL, Créteil, France
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, UHC Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Tetart
- Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses and Severe Drug Reactions TOXIBUL, Créteil, France
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, UHC Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - N de Prost
- Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses and Severe Drug Reactions TOXIBUL, Créteil, France
- Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - S Fourati
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - N Ortonne
- Department of Pathology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - F Kasimir
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-UniversitätWürzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B K Prusty
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-UniversitätWürzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - V Descamps
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- FISARD Study Group (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs) of the French Dermatology Society, Paris, France
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Fukasawa T, Urushihara H, Takahashi H, Okura T, Kawakami K. Risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Associated With Antibiotic Use: A Case-Crossover Study. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3463-3472. [PMID: 37459954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is lacking on the association between antibiotic use and risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in Asians. OBJECTIVE We assessed the risk of SJS/TEN associated with different antibiotic classes in Japanese. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study using a claims database. Firth conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SJS/TEN associated with antibiotic use in a 56-day hazard period versus 3 control periods. We created 18 cohorts for each antibiotic class and calculated 56-day cumulative incidence per 100,000 new users. The association between antibiotic class and SJS/TEN was also evaluated in each case using the ALgorithm of Drug causality for Epidermal Necrolysis (ALDEN). RESULTS Our case-crossover study included 170 SJS/TEN cases. Increased ORs were observed for lincomycins (OR, 33.00 [95% CI, 3.74-4332.05]), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21.20 [6.73-105.98]), penicillins (14.39 [6.95-34.21]), glycopeptides (14.37 [3.17-136.10]), cephalosporins (7.06 [4.25-12.21]), aminoglycosides (6.55 [1.97-26.84]), quinolones (5.98 [3.34-11.20]), fosfomycin (5.40 [1.20-30.97]), carbapenems (5.09 [1.85-15.64]), tetracyclines (4.95 [1.78-15.27]), and macrolides (3.78 [2.13-6.83]). Cumulative incidence of SJS/TEN was 67.4 for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 86.2 for glycopeptides, and below 10.0 for the others. Despite the high incidence, only 2 cases had a probable causal relationship with glycopeptides. CONCLUSION Some antibiotic classes, including lincomycins, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and carbapenems, were newly suggested to be associated with risk of SJS/TEN; considered together with the high incidence for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and glycopeptides, these findings warrant caution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fukasawa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Urushihara
- Division of Drug Development and Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okura
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Zhu H, Ren V. Immunopathogenic Insights on Preferential Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms: A Scoping Review. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:388-398. [PMID: 37231539 PMCID: PMC10523827 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231177590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous lymphotropic betaherpesvirus that can reactivate in drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Despite recent publications advancing our understanding of HHV-6 in DRESS, the exact role of HHV-6 in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS A scoping review with the PubMed query "(HHV 6 AND (drug OR DRESS OR DIHS)) OR (HHV6 AND (drug OR DRESS OR DIHS))" was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Articles containing original data on at least one DRESS patient with HHV-6 testing were included. RESULTS Our search returned a total of 373 publications, of which 89 met eligibility criteria. HHV-6 reactivation occurred in 63% of DRESS patients (n = 748), which was significantly more often than other herpesviruses. HHV-6 reactivation was associated with worse outcomes and greater severity in controlled studies. Case reports have demonstrated sometimes fatal HHV-6-related multi-organ involvement. Temporally, HHV-6 reactivation typically occurs 2 to 4 weeks after DRESS onset and has been linked to markers of immunologic signaling, such as OX40 (CD134), an HHV-6 entry receptor. Efficacy of antiviral or immunoglobulin treatment has only been demonstrated anecdotally, and steroid use may affect HHV-6 reactivation. CONCLUSION HHV-6 is implicated in DRESS more than in any other dermatologic condition. It is still unclear whether HHV-6 reactivation is cause or consequence of DRESS dysregulation. Similar pathogenic mechanisms precipitated by HHV-6 in other contexts may be relevant in DRESS. Future randomized controlled studies to assess effects of viral suppression on clinical outcomes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Zhu
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- HHV-6 Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Vicky Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Strobl J, Haniffa M. Functional heterogeneity of human skin-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:104-119. [PMID: 37144705 PMCID: PMC10952320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The human skin is populated by a diverse pool of memory T cells, which can act rapidly in response to pathogens and cancer antigens. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) have been implicated in range of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Clonal expansion of cells with TRM properties is also known to contribute to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Here, we review the heterogeneous phenotypes, transcriptional programs, and effector functions of skin TRM . We summarize recent studies on TRM formation, longevity, plasticity, and retrograde migration and contextualize the findings to skin TRM and their role in maintaining skin homeostasis and altered functions in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Chen CB, Hung WK, Wang CW, Lee CC, Hung SI, Chung WH. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an updated review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1187937. [PMID: 37457584 PMCID: PMC10338933 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1187937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS/DIHS) is one type of severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR). It is featured by fever, widespread skin lesions, protracted clinical course, internal organ involvement, and possibly long-term autoimmune sequelae. The presence of high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, hypersensitivity reaction after culprit drug ingestion, and human herpesvirus reactivation may all contribute to its complex clinical manifestations. Some recent studies focusing on the roles of involved cytokines/chemokines and T cells co-signaling pathways in DRESS/DIHS were conducted. In addition, some predictors of disease severity and prognosis were also reported. In this review, we provided an update on the current understanding of the pathogenesis, potential biomarkers, and the relevant therapeutic rationales of DRESS/DIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Hung
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Focus on the Pathophysiological and Diagnostic Role of Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020346. [PMID: 36838310 PMCID: PMC9966117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a heterogeneous, multiorgan and potentially life-threatening drug-hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) that occurs several days or weeks after drug initiation or discontinuation. DHRs constitute an emerging issue for public health, due to population aging, growing multi-organ morbidity, and subsequent enhanced drug prescriptions. DRESS has more consistently been associated with anticonvulsants, allopurinol and antibiotics, such as sulphonamides and vancomycin, although new drugs are increasingly reported as culprit agents. Reactivation of latent infectious agents such as viruses (especially Herpesviridae) plays a key role in prompting and sustaining aberrant T-cell and eosinophil responses to drugs and pathogens, ultimately causing organ damage. However, the boundaries of the impact of viral agents in the pathophysiology of DRESS are still ill-defined. Along with growing awareness of the multifaceted aspects of immune perturbation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19) pandemic, novel interest has been sparked towards DRESS and the potential interactions among antiviral and anti-drug inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarised the most recent evidence on pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and clinical management of DRESS with the aim of increasing awareness on this syndrome and possibly suggesting clues for future research in this field.
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Beas R, Montrose J, Montalvan-Sanchez E, Baek JJ, Alkashash AM, Ghabril M. Acute Liver Injury in the setting of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome with Cocaine as suspected culprit agent: A case report. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:102023. [PMID: 36126865 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Response (DRESS) syndrome is a rare hypersensitivity reaction characterized by rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and visceral involvement. The liver is frequently involved in DRESS, with increased liver enzymes and hepatomegaly. Over 40 drugs have been implicated in the induction of DRESS, however other illicit substances have also been linked to this. Prompt identification of this syndrome is imperative for management. We report the case of patient presenting with acute liver injury and eosinophilia, who developed a rash meeting criterion for DRESS, with Cocaine as the suspected culprit agent, and was successfully treated with conservative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Beas
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan Montrose
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - James Jaewoo Baek
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Marwan Ghabril
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Li JC. Reactivation of Human Herpesvirus (HHV) 6 as Etiology of Acute Liver Injury in Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e29697. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wu F, Jin T, Shang C, Lin X, Gong X, Wang Z. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome induced by propylthiouracil: case report and literature review. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 18:69. [PMID: 35933436 PMCID: PMC9357314 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening systemic drug reaction. Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) causing DIHS have seldom been reported before. Case presentation We present a case of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced DIHS, which included fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, serious liver and kidney dysfunction, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and atypical lymphocytosis. Following supportive therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and systemic corticosteroid, the patient experienced a resolution of fever and rash combined with progressive normalization of hematological index and organ function. These clinical features, and the skin lesion biopsy confirmed DIHS diagnosis. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of PTU-induced DIHS worldwide and the first human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of PTU-induced DIHS. Clinicians should cautiously distinguish hyperthyroidism etiology and identify the indication of ATDs. Timely recognition and formal DIHS treatment are required in patients with ATDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengxin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Pujiang People Hospital, Pujiang Country, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Carneiro VCDS, Alves-Leon SV, Sarmento DJDS, Coelho WLDCNP, Moreira ODC, Salvio AL, Ramos CHF, Ramos Filho CHF, Marques CAB, da Costa Gonçalves JP, Leon LAA, de Paula VS. Herpesvirus and neurological manifestations in patients with severe coronavirus disease. Virol J 2022; 19:101. [PMID: 35676707 PMCID: PMC9174631 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Certain clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mimic those associated with human herpesvirus (HHV) infection. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19 and determined if coinfection is associated with poorer outcomes and neurological symptoms. Methods We analyzed samples of 53 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The samples were evaluated for the presence of alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses, and the viral loads were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results Among the patients, in 79.2% had detection at least one type of herpesvirus. HHV-6 (47.2%), cytomegalovirus (43.3%), and HHV-7 (39.6%) showed the highest detection rates. Patients with a high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) load were more likely to show herpes simplex virus 1 detection (p = 0.037). Among patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HHVs, 26.4% showed central nervous system-associated neurological symptoms and herpetic manifestations. A statistically significant association was observed between neurological changes and HHV-6 detection (p = 0.034). Conclusions The findings showed a high prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, even though SARS-CoV-2 and HHV coinfection was not associated with poorer outcomes, the findings demonstrated the association between neurological symptoms and HHV-6 detection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01828-9.
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12
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Mizukawa Y, Aoyama Y, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Shiohara T. Risk of progression to autoimmune disease in severe drug eruption: risk factors and the factor-guided stratification. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:960-968.e9. [PMID: 34808234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of risk factors is key not only to uncover the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease but also to predict progression to autoimmune disease. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/ drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is likely the best prototypic example for analyzing the sequential events. We conducted a retrospective study of 55 patients with DiHS/DRESS followed for the possibility of later development of autoimmune disease ∼18 years after resolution. Nine patients progressed to autoimmune sequelae regardless of treatment. The generation of autoantibodies preceded by 8 years in 8 of the 9 patients. The combination of increases in lymphocyte counts, severe liver damage, a rebound increase in globulin, persistent reactivations of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6, and low interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 at the acute/subacute phases, were significant risk factors for the future development of autoimmune disease. Based on these factors, we established a scoring system that can identify high-risk patients. When stratified these patients into three risk categories (low/intermediate/high), occurrence of autoimmune disease was exclusively detected in the high group. Our data represent the new scoring system to identify patients at high-risk of developing autoimmune disease, although a larger study is required to validate the scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Mizukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shiohara
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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13
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Maloney NJ, Rana J, Yang JJ, Zaba LC, Kwong BY. Clinical features of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome to BRAF inhibitors with and without previous immune checkpoint inhibition: a review. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:2839-2851. [PMID: 34546454 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cutaneous reactions to BRAF inhibitors are common, but severe reactions resembling or consistent with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are relatively rare. Several reports suggest that cutaneous reactions including DRESS/DIHS to BRAF inhibitors are more frequent and severe in the setting of previous immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). METHODS To characterize existing literature on these reports, we queried the PubMed/MEDLINE database for cases of DIHS/DRESS to BRAF inhibitors. RESULTS We identified 23 cases of DIHS to BRAF inhibitors following checkpoint inhibition and 14 cases without prior checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In both cohorts, DIHS occurred relatively early, with median time to onset from drug exposure of 8-10 days. Patients who received prior ICI were less likely to have peripheral eosinophilia (26% vs 71%), atypical lymphocytes (9% vs 50%), renal involvement (61% vs 79%), hepatic involvement (52% vs 86%), and lymphadenopathy (9% vs 43%) compared to patients who did not receive prior ICI. Thrombocytopenia was more common with prior ICI (17% vs 7%). Only patients who received prior ICI experienced hypotension (26%) during the course of their DIHS. All cases of BRAF-induced DIHS generally improved on systemic steroids/supportive care, and no cases of death were identified. CONCLUSION Dermatologists should consider a diagnosis of DIHS following BRAF inhibitor initiation, particularly in the setting of past checkpoint inhibition, with atypical features including relatively rapid onset and steroid responsiveness, lack of peripheral eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, or lymphadenopathy, and increased risk of thrombocytopenia and hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan J Maloney
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, CJ220F, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-5779, USA
| | - Jasmine Rana
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, CJ220F, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-5779, USA
| | - Jason J Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa C Zaba
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, CJ220F, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-5779, USA
| | - Bernice Y Kwong
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, CJ220F, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-5779, USA.
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14
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Schunkert EM, Shah PN, Divito SJ. Skin Resident Memory T Cells May Play Critical Role in Delayed-Type Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654190. [PMID: 34497600 PMCID: PMC8419326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions (dtDHR) are immune-mediated reactions with skin and visceral manifestations ranging from mild to severe. Clinical care is negatively impacted by a limited understanding of disease pathogenesis. Though T cells are believed to orchestrate disease, the type of T cell and the location and mechanism of T cell activation remain unknown. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are a unique T cell population potentially well situated to act as key mediators in disease pathogenesis, but significant obstacles to defining, identifying, and testing TRM in dtDHR preclude definitive conclusions at this time. Deeper mechanistic interrogation to address these unanswered questions is necessary, as involvement of TRM in disease has significant implications for prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
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15
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Jantararoungtong T, Tempark T, Koomdee N, Medhasi S, Sukasem C. Genotyping HLA alleles to predict the development of Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs): state-of-the-art. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1049-1064. [PMID: 34148467 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1946514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacogenomics has great potential in reducing drug-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs). Pharmacogenomic studies have revealed an association between HLA genes and SCARs including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).Areas covered: Pharmacogenomics-guided therapy could prevent severe drug hypersensitivity reactions. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), and Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) provided guidelines in the translation of clinically relevant and evidence-based SCARs pharmacogenomics research into clinical practice. In this review, we intended to summarize the significant HLA alleles associated with SCARs induced by different drugs in different populations. We also summarize the SCARs associated with genetic and non-genetic factors and the cost-effectiveness of screening tests.Expert opinion: The effectiveness of HLA screening on a wider scale in clinical practice requires significant resources, including state-of-the-art laboratory; multidisciplinary team approach and health care provider education and engagement; clinical decision support alert system via electronic medical record (EMR); laboratory standards and quality assurance; evidence of cost-effectiveness; and cost of pharmacogenomics tests and reimbursement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawinee Jantararoungtong
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Therdpong Tempark
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napatrupron Koomdee
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sadeep Medhasi
- Center of Medical Genomics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Preventive Genomics and Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Hoyos-Samboní DF, Munar JV, López D, Vásquez-Arteaga LR. Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson con reactivación de herpes simple asociado a la ingestión de paracetamol. Reporte de caso. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v69n4.85264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SJS) es una enfermedad poco común que afecta la piel y las mucosas oral, ocular y urogenital; además, en más del 50% de los casos es producida por reacciones a medicamentos.
Presentación del caso. Hombre de 20 años quien asistió al servicio de urgencias de hospital de tercer nivel de Popayán por un cuadro clínico de 10 días de evolución consistente en astenia, adinamia, fiebre no cuantificada, tos con escasa expectoración blanquecina y cefalea, sintomatología que mejoraba con el uso de paracetamol; sin embargo, la condición del paciente empeoró en los últimos dos días, presentando hiporexia, prurito en faringe, vesículas y ampollas en comisuras labiales, mucosa oral, tronco y extremidades, y dificultad respiratoria y odinofagia, razón por la cual acudió al servicio. En principio de sospechó de herpes simple diseminado, lupus eritematoso sistémico, y SJS; sin embargo, con base en los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio se confirmó el diagnóstico de SJS con reactivación de herpes simple asociado a la ingesta de paracetamol, por lo que se suspendió este medicamento y se inició manejo con aciclovir y metilprednisolona. El paciente tuvo una evolución satisfactoria y fue dado de alta a los 10 días del inicio del nuevo tratamiento y en las citas de control su condición general era óptima.
Conclusión. El desarrollo de SJS puede estar asociado al consumo de paracetamol; sin embargo, su uso no se desaconseja gracias a sus grandes bondades y beneficios generales. En este sentido, dado que el paracetamol es un medicamento venta libre y uso extenso en Colombia, es indispensable reconocer las manifestaciones clínicas del SJS para poder dar un manejo adecuado y evitar complicaciones en casos como el aquí reportado.
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17
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Wang F, Huang L, Yu J, Zang D, Ye L, Zhu Q. Altered levels of complement components associated with non-immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:1-9. [PMID: 31795786 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1695985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonimmediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (niDHRs) range from mild-type maculopapular exanthema (MPE) to severe type Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with unentirely clarified pathogenesis. This study sought to explore whether complement components participated in niDHRs. The participants comprised of three groups as follows: MPE (n = 65), SJS/TEN (n = 13, contains 7 SJS, 2 SJS-TEN overlap and 4 TEN), and equal healthy controls (n = 78). Skin pathological changes were confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA and protein levels of complement components were assessed. In the MPE group, there were no alterations in complement components at the protein and mRNA levels found except for a decrease in factor H mRNA. In the SJS/TEN group, up-regulated levels of C3aR and C5aR mRNA and down-regulated factor H mRNA levels in blood were noted. A lower plasma protein level of C3, Factor H and a higher level of C3a, C5, C5a, C5b-9, Factor B (p < 0.05) were found in the SJS/TEN group compared with in the control (p < 0.05). In SJS/TEN skin lesions, indirect immunofluorescence assays showed positive specific staining for C5b-9, but not C3. Both C3aR and C5aR were positive staining in the SJS/TEN samples, while staining for C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Factor B, and Factor H were only weak or negative. The findings reported here are the first to define the expression profiles/extent of the presence of various complement components at the mRNA and protein levels in niDHRs, especially in SJS/TEN. These altered complement components might, at least in part, be integral to the mechanisms underlying the pathogeneses of SJS and TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu City, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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18
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Anci E, Braun C, Marinosci A, Rodieux F, Midun E, Torres MJ, Caubet JC. Viral Infections and Cutaneous Drug-Related Eruptions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586407. [PMID: 33776753 PMCID: PMC7988096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the general population, up to 10% of children treated by antibiotics have cutaneous adverse drug reaction, but allergy is confirmed in less than 20% of patients. Most of the non-allergic reactions are probably due to virus, such as enterovirus acute infection or Ebstein-Barr Virus (EBV) acute infection or reactivation. Especially in children, viruses have the propensity to induce skin lesions (maculopapular rash, urticaria) due to their skin infiltration or immunologic response. In drug-related skin eruptions, a virus can participate by activating an immune predisposition. The culprit antibiotic is then the trigger for reacting. Even in severe drug-induced reactions, such as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, viruses take part in immune phenomena, especially herpes viruses. Understanding the mechanisms of both virus- and drug-induced skin reaction is important to develop our clinical reflection and give an adaptive care to the patient. Our aim is to review current knowledge on the different aspects and potential roles of viruses in the different type of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Although major advances have been made those past year, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the link between viruses and DHR, to improve management of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Anci
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camille Braun
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Annalisa Marinosci
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Rodieux
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elise Midun
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria-Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Ibima-Bionand-Aradyal, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Chu CY, Hsu SH, Yang CW, Hsieh YC, Chen KL, Cho YT, Liau JY. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells diminution in peripheral blood is prevalent in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and may precede human herpesvirus 6 reactivation. DERMATOL SIN 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ds.ds_37_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe cutaneous drug reaction characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities, multisystem involvement, and viral reactivation. Although most patients with DRESS syndrome are able to fully recover, a subset of patients go on to have a prolonged course with recurrence, and/or autoimmune complications. Severe systemic involvement is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Viral reactivation, especially of human herpes virus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, is a common feature of DRESS, with a high viral load and antibody titers being associated with poor outcomes. Aside from prompt discontinuation of the offending drug, treatment for patients with significant disease consists of systemic therapy with corticosteroids.
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21
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Lefebvre M, Walencik A, Allavena C, Billaud E, Kassi A, Cesbron A, Joyau C, Secher S, Ruellan AL, Raffi F. Rate of DRESS Syndrome With Raltegravir and Role of the HLA-B*53: 01 Allele. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 85:e77-e80. [PMID: 33136758 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Lefebvre
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Walencik
- HLA laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Clotilde Allavena
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Billaud
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Kassi
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de Treichville, BP V 3, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; and
| | - Anne Cesbron
- HLA laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Joyau
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Biology Institute, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Solène Secher
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Lise Ruellan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Biology Institute, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - François Raffi
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
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22
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Messagier AL, Salzes C, Jouary T. DRESS avec pustulose et atteinte cardiaque. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:451-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.09.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Li H, Tian F. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Because of Various Herpesviruses Infection After Accelerated Infliximab Induction in a Chinese Patient With Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:e38-e40. [PMID: 32086936 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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24
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Jiang Y, Sharpe T. Readmission Risk Factors and Complications in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Cureus 2020; 12:e7631. [PMID: 32399363 PMCID: PMC7213658 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reactions that cause necrosis of the epidermis, often at multiple sites. This process is frequently caused by medications and is associated with significant complications and mortality during hospitalization. However, increasing attention has been drawn to the less studied area of post-hospitalization complications leading to multiple readmissions. We present a patient diagnosed with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced SJS/TEN, who was readmitted within one week with sepsis. We also discuss the readmission risk factors and post-hospitalization features and complications of SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Jiang
- Internal Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
| | - Tyler Sharpe
- Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
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25
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HHV-6-Associated Neurological Disease in Children: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Considerations. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 105:10-20. [PMID: 31932119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B, often referred to collectively as human herpesvirus 6, are a pair of beta-herpesviruses known to cause a variety of clinical syndromes in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Most humans are infected with human herpesvirus 6B, and many with human herpesvirus 6A. Primary infection typically occurs in early childhood, although large-scale reviews on the topic are limited. Herein, the authors explore the clinical manifestations of human herpesvirus 6-associated disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised pediatric patients, the risk factors for development of human herpesvirus 6-associated neurological disease, the risk of autoimmunity associated with development of active or latent infection, the relevance of human herpesvirus 6-specific diagnostic tests, and the medications used to treat human herpesvirus 6. The goal of this review is to improve the current understanding of human herpesvirus 6 in pediatric populations and to examine the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in this disease state.
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26
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Yang CW, Cho YT, Hsieh YC, Hsu SH, Chen KL, Chu CY. The interferon-γ-induced protein 10/CXCR3 axis is associated with human herpesvirus-6 reactivation and the development of sequelae in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:909-919. [PMID: 32037509 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a condition caused by a drug-induced immune response. Previous reports have found that CXCL10, also known as interferon-γ-induced protein (IP)-10, may participate in the pathogenesis of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. However, the exact role of IP-10 in DRESS and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has remained unknown. OBJECTIVES This comparative prospective cohort study aimed to ascertain the roles of the IP-10/CXCR3 axis in DRESS and SJS/TEN. METHODS Plasma IP-10 levels were analysed, and univariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between IP-10, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 reactivation and the development of long-term sequelae. We also performed immunohistochemical staining using skin specimens and flow cytometry to determine the expression of CXCR3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Significantly higher plasma IP-10 levels were observed in patients with DRESS with long-term sequelae (effect size 0·81) and also in those with HHV-6 reactivation (effect size 0·83). By immunohistochemistry, more abundant IP-10+ and CXCR3+ cells were demonstrated in the skin lesions of patients with DRESS with HHV-6 reactivation. The percentages of CLA+ CXCR3+ CD4+ cells and CLA+ CXCR3+ CD8+ cells were also higher in the PBMCs of HHV-6-reactivated patients with DRESS than in those of patients with SJS/TEN. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma IP-10 levels are associated with the development of long-term sequelae in DRESS. Higher IP-10/CXCR3 expression in skin and more abundant CLA+ CXCR3+ CD4+ cells and CLA+ CXCR3+ CD8+ cells were observed in patients with DRESS with HHV-6 reactivation. The IP-10/CXCR3 axis is associated with HHV-6 reactivation and development of long-term sequelae in DRESS. What is already known about this topic? Elevated levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) have been observed in patients with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Patients with DRESS tend to develop long-term autoimmune sequelae, including type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis. IP-10 has been associated with these autoimmune diseases in previous studies. What does this study add? The patients with DRESS with HHV-6 reactivation exhibited higher levels of IP-10 in the plasma and skin than the patients with DRESS without HHV-6 reactivation and the patients with SJS/TEN. Patients with DRESS with higher plasma IP-10 levels tended to develop sequelae during long-term follow-up. What is the translational message? IP-10 is a useful biomarker to predict the development of long-term sequelae in patients with DRESS. Linked Comment: Belloón and Kardaun. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:804-805.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Cho
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan
| | - K-L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Tohyama M, Hashimoto K, Oda F, Namba C, Sayama K. Influence of corticosteroid therapy on viral reactivation in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. J Dermatol 2020; 47:476-482. [PMID: 32162382 PMCID: PMC7754408 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction characteristically associated with sequential reactivation of herpesviruses, such as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Since systemic corticosteroids are thought to result in viral reactivation due to their immunosuppressive effects, we clarified the influence of systemic corticosteroid therapy on viral reactivation in DIHS/DRESS. Viral DNA in peripheral whole blood and serum sIL‐2R level were measured during the disease course in twenty DIHS/DRESS patients. Six of seven patients treated without corticosteroids experienced HHV‐6 viremia associated with elevated serum sIL‐2R levels. In contrast, high‐dose corticosteroids started within 1 week after onset tended to inhibit the occurrence of HHV‐6 reactivation with remarkable suppression of serum sIL‐2R level. Low‐dose corticosteroids or late‐start high‐dose corticosteroids did not suppress occurrence of HHV‐6 viremia and the increase of sIL‐2R levels. HHV‐6 load in the blood was clearly correlated with the serum sIL‐2R level. On the other hand, increased CMV load were found in patients treated with corticosteroids regardless of the start time. The frequency of detection of EBV DNA in peripheral blood was similarly observed in all groups. In conclusion, high‐dose corticosteroids started within 1 week tended to suppress HHV‐6 reactivation through suppression of T cell activation. However, CMV proliferation was promoted by corticosteroids regardless of the start time. These observations suggested that careful consideration should be given to the dose and timing of administration of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of DIHS/DRESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, 791-0280, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Fumiko Oda
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Chika Namba
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
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Abstract
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are unpredictable and include various different skin conditions of varying degrees of severity. The most concerning are usually referred to as severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) and include acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS) or hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). All are delayed type IV hypersensitivity reactions in which a T-cell-mediated drug-specific immune response is responsible for causing the disease. Nonetheless, specific T-cell subpopulations develop in response to certain environmental conditions and produce cytokines that orchestrate the various phenotypes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), T-helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Treg), among other T-cell subpopulations, participate in the development of SCAR phenotypes. Cell subpopulations belonging to the innate immune system, comprising natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, can also participate in shaping specific immune responses in various clinical conditions. Additionally, tissue-resident cells, including keratinocytes, can contribute to epidermal damage by secreting chemokines that attract pro-inflammatory immunocytes. The final phenotypes in each clinical entity result from the complex interactions between a variety of cell lineages, their products, soluble mediators and genetic and environmental factors. Although the pathophysiology of these reactions is not fully understood, intensive research in recent years has led to major progress in our understanding of the contribution of certain cell types and soluble mediators to the variability of SCAR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bellón
- La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute-IdiPAZ, Pº Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Tang JT, Li YY, Zhang Y, Liu J, Guan W, Wang RR, He LP, Zhang JB, Kuang YQ. HIV infection confers distinct mechanisms in severe drug eruption: Endogenous virus activation with aberrant Th2/Th1 and CD8 + T cells function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1005-1013. [PMID: 31991490 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe drug eruption (SDE), a common skin disease, becomes dangerous when it occurs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Forty patients including HIV+ SDE+ (n = 15), HIV- SDE+ (n = 15) and HIV+ SDE- (n = 10) subjects were enrolled in our study. All HIV+ patients were at acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. Serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, CXCL9, and CCL17 were quantified by ELISA. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) loads were quantified by RT-qPCR. CD4, CD8, Th1, Th2, TNF-α-CD8, and IFN-γ-CD8 T cell populations were measured by flow cytometry. Levels of biochemical indexes in HIV+ SDE+ patients were significantly different from in HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). EBV and CMV viral loads were significantly higher in HIV+ SDE+ patients, but not in HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in HIV+ SDE+ patients (P < .05). Th2/Th1 populations and TNF-α secreting or IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells, were significantly up-regulated in HIV+ SDE+ patients compared to HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). Conversely, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly down-regulated in HIV+ SDE+ patients compared to HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). HIV infection confers distinct clinical phenotypes and immune inflammatory mechanisms in SDE. Sustained EBV and CMV activation, unbalanced Th2/Th1 and overactive CD8+ T cells mediating a pro-inflammatory response could act as distinct mechanisms in the aggravation of SDE in HIV+ SDE+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of HIV/AIDS, Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of HIV/AIDS, Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Ping He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Second People's Hospital of Dali, Dali, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Itoi-Ochi S, Nakagawa Y, Tanemura A, Hirao M, Fujimoto M. A Case of Salazosulfapyridine-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient with Relapse of Skin Erythema. Case Rep Dermatol 2020; 11:334-337. [PMID: 31966030 PMCID: PMC6959106 DOI: 10.1159/000504644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We experienced a rare case of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) in which salazosulfapyridine (SASP) reactivated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), which resulted in a relapse of skin symptoms after changing to mizoribine. At the time of recurrence of skin erythema after the initiation of mizoribine, the serum DNA titers of not HHV-6 but CMV were elevated. A drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test was negative for mizoribine but positive for SASP. In this case, DIHS developed with SASP in association with HHV-6 and CMV reactivation. The immunocompromised state induced by herpes virus reactivation and mizoribine might have caused the relapse of skin erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Itoi-Ochi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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31
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Targeted therapy guided by single-cell transcriptomic analysis in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: a case report. Nat Med 2020; 26:236-243. [PMID: 31959990 PMCID: PMC7105105 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DiHS/DRESS) is a potentially fatal multi-organ inflammatory disease associated with herpesvirus reactivation and subsequent onset of autoimmune diseases1–4. Pathophysiology remains elusive and therapeutic options are limited. Cases refractory to corticosteroid therapy pose a clinical challenge1,5, and approximately 30% of DiHS/DRESS patients develop complications including infections and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases1,2,5. Progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) provides an opportunity to dissect human disease pathophysiology at unprecedented resolutions6, particularly in diseases lacking animal models, such as DiHS/DRESS. We performed scRNAseq on skin and blood from a refractory DiHS/DRESS case, found JAK-STAT signaling pathway as potentially targetable, and further identified that central memory CD4+ T cells were enriched with HHV6b DNA. Intervention via tofacitinib enabled disease control and tapering of other immunosuppressive agents. Furthermore, tofacitinib, as well as anti-viral agents, suppressed culprit-induced T cell proliferation in vitro, identifying the JAK-STAT pathway and herpesviruses as potential therapeutic targets in DiHS/DRESS. Thus, scRNAseq analyses guided therapeutic decisions that enabled successful therapeutic intervention in this refractory DiHS/DRESS case. Employing scRNAseq analyses in human diseases may facilitate our understanding of complicated disease pathophysiology and further provide an alternative approach in personalized medicine.
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Sim DW, Son S, Yu J, Koh YI. A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by cytomegalovirus infection followed by DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2020. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2020.8.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Woon Sim
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seyeong Son
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jieun Yu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Il Koh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Gelincik A, Cavkaytar O, Kuyucu S. An Update on the Management of Severe Cutaneous Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3881-3901. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191106115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions involve of different mechanisms , some of which are
life-threatening, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia
and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, generalized bullous fixed drug eruptions,
serum sickness and serum sickness-like reaction and drug-induced vasculitis. These reactions may have substantial
morbidity and mortality. In the past years, successive studies have provided new evidence regarding the
pathogenesis of some of these severe reactions and revealed that underlying mechanisms are highly variable.
Since these reactions have unique presentations and distinct pathomechanisms, the treatment methods and response
rates might be different among various entities. Although supportive and local therapies are sufficient in
some of these reactions, targeted immunosuppressive treatments and even mechanistic therapies such as plasmapheresis
may be required in severe ones. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the best treatment
options for these patients since number of patients and large-scale studies are limited. In this review, conventional
and new treatment options for severe cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions are presented in detail in
order to provide the contemporary approaches to lessen the morbidity and mortality relevant to these severe iatrogenic
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Gelincik
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semanur Kuyucu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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34
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Fowler T, Bansal AS, Lozsádi D. Risks and management of antiepileptic drug induced skin reactions in the adult out-patient setting. Seizure 2019; 72:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Xu Z, Shen J, Yang Y, Yuan R, Xiang LF, Zhang C. Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 173 Patients in China. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:545-554. [PMID: 33911647 PMCID: PMC7992557 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.5.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) to drugs are a crucial public health issue and the use of systemic corticosteroids in SCAR has been controversial. Objective To analyze clinical features, causative drugs, treatment, outcomes, and prognostic factors of SCAR in the case-series of 173 patients, and add more information to the debate of using systemic corticosteroids in SCAR management. Methods A retrospective study of 173 SCAR patients diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) at a tertiary care institution in China between January 2014 and December 2017 was conducted. Results Of 173 patients, allopurinol, carbamazepine, and antibiotics are the most frequently implicated drugs for DRESS (40.4%), SJS/TEN (26.0%), and AGEP (40.0%) respectively. Moreover, there is a strongly negative correlation between early corticosteroids use and the progression (p=0.000) and severity (p=0.01) of skin lesions. However, there is no association between early corticosteroids use and the mortality of SCAR (odds ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.95~1.08). In addition, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, and interval from onset to corticosteroids treatment were correlated with SCAR prognosis. Conclusion Prompt short-course systemic corticosteroids use is associated with early-stage skin lesions remission without influencing the disease mortality. Lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia were the independent poor prognostic factors of SCAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyue Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihong Flora Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Shiohara T, Mizukawa Y. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): An update in 2019. Allergol Int 2019; 68:301-308. [PMID: 31000444 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Several new insights have been made, particularly with regards to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and care of some important complications and sequelae. The indication of herpesvirus reactivations in diagnosis in the assessment of disease severity is now better specified. Nevertheless, because fatal complications and autoimmune sequelae have been under-recognized, there is a clear need to identify effective parameters for assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis of the disease in the early phase. In this regard, we have established a scoring system that can be used to monitor severity, predict prognosis and stratify the risk of developing severe complications including fatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Regulatory T cells are likely to be central to the mechanism and would represent potential targets for therapeutic approaches that can ameliorate inflammatory responses occurring at the acute phase while preventing the subsequent development of harmful outcomes, such as CMV disease and autoimmune diseases.
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37
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EBV-related Cold Agglutinin Disease Presenting With Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: A Pediatric Case Report and Mini Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:324-327. [PMID: 29683945 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic anemia occurs in only 1% to 3% of hospitalized patients with infectious mononucleosis. The authors describe an 8-year-old girl without cervical lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly, who presented with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and was diagnosed with cold agglutinin disease caused by an immunoglobulin M autoantibody with anti-i specificity. Acute Epstein-Barr virus infection was confirmed by serologic and molecular methods. She recovered uneventfully after a 3-week course of methylprednisolone. Epstein-Barr virus infection should be considered in any case of hemolytic anemia associated with hepatic dysfunction, especially when direct antiglobulin test is positive for C3d. In these cases, a course of corticosteroids seems safe and may be beneficial.
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38
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Wang D, Lin D, Li P, Liu H, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Kong Q, Zhang Y, Huang X. Joint association of carrying HLA-B*13:01 gene and human herpesvirus-6 with occupational trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:395-401. [PMID: 30758654 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome (OTHS) clinically manifests as generalized severe rash resembling drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) and afflicts predominantly HLA-B*13:01 gene carriers after their exposure to trichloroethylene. Meanwhile, OTHS may also be associated with human herpesvirus such as herpesvirus-6 (HHV6) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reported to participate in the pathology of DIHS. This study explored the association of carrying HHV6 and HCMV, and the joint association of carrying HLA-B*13:01 and HHV6 and HCMV with OTHS. METHODS We recruited 30 OTHS patients and 40 trichloroethylene-exposed healthy workers as cases and controls, respectively. HLA-B*13:01 was genotyped and HHV6 and HCMV DNA were detected in the DNA extracted from whole-blood sample of each participant with PCR techniques. Positive rates of HLA-B*13:01 gene and HHV6 and HCMV DNA and their association with OTHS were then analyzed. RESULTS The OTHS cases showed significantly higher positive rates of HLA-B*13:01 gene and HHV6 DNA, but not HCMV DNA, than the controls (83.3% vs. 25.0% and 56.7% vs. 10.0%, respectively, both P < 0.001). Positive rate of HHV6 DNA was significantly higher in HLA-B*13:01 carriers than in non-carriers in the cases (68.0% vs. 0, P = 0.005), but not in the controls. Carrying HLA-B*13:01 and HHV6 had an interactive effect on OTHS (OR = 91.80, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Carrying HLA-B*13:01 and HHV6 may be associated with OTHS; furthermore, carrying HLA-B*13:01 and HHV6 may be jointly associated with OTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Peimao Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Zhimin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yanfang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Poisoning Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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39
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HHV-6 encoded small non-coding RNAs define an intermediate and early stage in viral reactivation. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:25. [PMID: 30210807 PMCID: PMC6125432 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B frequently acquires latency. HHV-6 activation has been associated with various human diseases. Germ line inheritance of chromosomally integrated HHV-6 makes viral DNA-based analysis difficult for determination of early stages of viral activation. We characterized early stages of HHV-6 activation using high throughput transcriptomics studies and applied the results to understand virus activation under clinical conditions. Using a latent HHV-6A cell culture model in U2OS cells, we identified an early stage of viral reactivation, which we define as transactivation that is marked by transcription of several viral small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the absence of detectable increase in viral replication and proteome. Using deep sequencing approaches, we detected previously known as well as a new viral sncRNAs that characterized viral transactivation and differentiated it from latency. Here we show changes in human transcriptome upon viral transactivation that reflect multiple alterations in mitochondria-associated pathways, which was supported by observation of increased mitochondrial fragmentation in virus reactivated cells. Furthermore, we present here a unique clinical case of DIHS/DRESS associated death where HHV-6 sncRNA-U14 was abundantly detected throughout the body of the patient in the presence of low viral DNA. In this study, we have identified a unique and early stage of viral activation that is characterized by abundant transcription of viral sncRNAs, which can serve as an ideal biomarker under clinical conditions.
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40
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Cuestas D, Forero Y, Galvis I, Peñaranda E, Cortes C, Motta A, Mora S, Pérez C, Velasquez O, Puentes J. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): one more reason for a new effective treatment against leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1304-1313. [PMID: 30156263 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe drug-induced reaction associated with eosinophilia and systemic manifestations. Anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, and antivirals are the most related and described drugs in DRESS syndrome. METHODS AND CASE We present a case of severe multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with the risk of death associated with DRESS syndrome due to antileishmanial pentavalent antimonial drug and its simultaneous toxicity. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the main clinical problems and comparative discussion of both clinical conditions was made. DISCUSSION The overlap of DRESS syndrome and antileishmanial pentavalent antimonial drug toxicity can be life-threatening. Both conditions represent a true clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenge. We exposed specific clinical and laboratory results with rare occurrence. CONCLUSION Any physician and dermatologists should keep in mind the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings associated with the use of pentavalent antimonial drugs. The clinical suspicion, an early diagnosis, and aggressive treatment are essential to prevent complications and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuestas
- Dermatology Program, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yency Forero
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia.,Advanced Training in Medicine & Postgraduate Medical Residency, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ingrid Galvis
- Advanced Training in Medicine & Postgraduate Medical Residency, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia.,Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elkin Peñaranda
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of the Samaritana ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Cortes
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of the Samaritana ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Motta
- Dermatology Program, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Mora
- Head of the Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital of the Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Velasquez
- Advanced Training in Medicine & Postgraduate Medical Residency, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Puentes
- Advanced Training in Medicine & Postgraduate Medical Residency, University Hospital of the Samaritan ESE, Bogotá, Colombia
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41
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Dev N. A Rare Case of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Glimepiride, the Unlikely Culprit. MÆDICA 2018; 13:155-158. [PMID: 30069245 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2018.13.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and challenging entity which can be life threatening and is associated with many medications. Yet, Glimepiride has never been reported as offending agent. We present here the first case of Glimepiride induced DRESS syndrome. A 40-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus was prescribed Glimepiride. One month later, the patient presented with diffuse rash, fever, swelling of extremities and jaundice. The leucocyte count at presentation was 22,000 cells/microL and absolute eosinophil count 5,400 cells/microL, with no atypical cells on peripheral blood smear. Skin biopsy was non-specific. Other sources of infections such as parasitic infections, HIV, viral hepatitis were ruled out. Patient improved symptomatically on discontinuation of Glimepiride and improved dramatically on steroids. DRESS syndrome as a possible complication of Glimepiride should be considered by clinicians. According to RegiSCAR, our case was categorized as definitive with score of 7. In the vast majority of reported cases, they are classified as probable cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Dev
- Department of Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, India
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42
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Giavina-Bianchi P, Huang SW. Intravenous Immunoglobulin May Be Beneficial as an Add-on Therapy in DRESS. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1243-1245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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HHV-6B infection, T-cell reconstitution, and graft-vs-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1508-1517. [PMID: 29795424 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful and sustained CD4+ T-cell reconstitution is associated with increased survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but opportunistic infections may adversely affect the time and extent of immune reconstitution. Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) efficiently infects CD4+ T cells and utilizes as a receptor CD134 (OX40), a member of the TNF superfamily that antagonizes regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity. Reactivation of HHV-6B has been associated with aberrant immune reconstitution and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after HCT. Given that Treg counts are negatively correlated with aGVHD severity, we postulate that one mechanism for the poor CD4+ T-cell reconstitution observed shortly after transplant may be HHV-6B infection and depletion of peripheral (extra-thymic) CD4+ T cells, including a subpopulation of Treg cells. In turn, this may trigger a series of adverse events resulting in poor clinical outcomes such as severe aGVHD. In addition, recent evidence has linked HHV-6B reactivation with aberrant CD4+ T-cell reconstitution late after transplantation, which may be mediated by a different mechanism, possibly related to central (thymic) suppression of T-cell reconstitution. These observations suggest that aggressive management of HHV-6B reactivation in transplant patients may facilitate CD4+ T-cell reconstitution and improve the quality of life and survival of HCT patients.
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Freites-Martinez A, Shapiro J, Goldfarb S, Nangia J, Jimenez JJ, Paus R, Lacouture ME. Hair disorders in patients with cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:1179-1196. [PMID: 29660422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapies, molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapies, radiotherapy, stem cell transplants, and endocrine therapies may lead to hair disorders, including alopecia, hirsutism, hypertrichosis, and pigmentary and textural hair changes. The mechanisms underlying these changes are varied and remain incompletely understood, hampering the development of preventive or therapeutic guidelines. The psychosocial impact of chemotherapy-induced alopecia has been well documented primarily in the oncology literature; however, the effect of other alterations, such as radiation-induced alopecia, hirsutism, and changes in hair color or texture on quality of life have not been described. This article reviews clinically significant therapy-related hair disorders in oncology patients, including the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, severity grading scales, patient-reported quality of life questionnaires, management strategies, and future translational research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azael Freites-Martinez
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shari Goldfarb
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julie Nangia
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Wong YJ, Choo KJL, Soh JXJ, Tan CK. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis: an uncommon complication of CMV reactivation in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:112-113. [PMID: 29568844 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Jade Xiao Jue Soh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chee Kiat Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Chow ML, Kim D, Kamath S, Peng D, Luu M. Use of antiviral medications in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): A case of infantile DRESS. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:e114-e116. [PMID: 29334124 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 3-month-old girl with Sturge-Weber syndrome presented with a morbilliform rash, eosinophilia, and fulminant liver failure to our tertiary pediatric hospital. She was diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms complicated by viremia and evidence of viral hepatitis on liver biopsy. We discuss the role of viral reactivation in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and the relevance of antiviral therapy in management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L Chow
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Kamath
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minnelly Luu
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hsu SH, Yang CW, Hsieh YC, Cho YT, Liau JY, Liang CW, Cheng YP, Chu CY. Fever, eosinophilia, and abnormal liver function are early signs suggestive of DRESS: A comparative study between DRESS and MPE. DERMATOL SIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6431694. [PMID: 29651444 PMCID: PMC5830968 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6431694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug hypersensitivity may manifest ranging from milder skin reactions (e.g., maculopapular exanthema and urticaria) to severe systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), or Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Current pharmacogenomic studies have made important strides in the prevention of some drug hypersensitivity through the identification of relevant genetic variants, particularly for genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). The associations identified by these studies are usually drug, phenotype, and ethnic specific. The drug presentation models that explain how small drug antigens might interact with HLA and T cell receptor (TCR) molecules in drug hypersensitivity include the hapten theory, the p-i concept, the altered peptide repertoire model, and the altered TCR repertoire model. The broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of drug hypersensitivity involving different drugs, as well as the various pathomechanisms involved, makes the diagnosis and management of it more challenging. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the predisposing factors, immune mechanisms, pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic approaches for drug hypersensitivity.
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The Epidemiology of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in China. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4320195. [PMID: 29607330 PMCID: PMC5828103 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4320195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are life-threatening disease. However, there are only few epidemiologic studies of SJS/TEN from China. To analyze the clinical characteristics, causality, and outcome of treatment for SJS/TEN in China, we reviewed case reports of patients with SJS/TEN from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database from 2006 to 2016 and patients with SJS/TEN who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during the same period. There were 166 patients enrolled, including 70 SJS, 2 SJS/TEN overlap, and 94 TEN. The most common offending drugs were antibiotics (29.5%) and anticonvulsants (24.1%). Carbamazepine, allopurinol, and penicillins were the most common single offending drugs (17.5%, 9.6%, and 7.2%). Chinese patent medicines accounted for 5.4%. There were 76 (45.8%) patients receiving systemic steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in combination therapy, especially for TEN (80.3%), and others were treated with systemic steroids alone. Mortality rate of combination treatment comparing with steroid alone in TEN patients had no statistical significance. In conclusion, carbamazepine and allopurinol were the leading causative drugs for SJS/TEN in China. Combination of IVIG and steroids is a common treatment for TEN, but its efficacy in improving mortality needs further investigation.
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Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) can cause primary infection or reactivate from latency in liver transplant recipients, which can result in a variety of clinical syndromes, including fever, hepatitis, encephalitis and higher rates of graft dysfunction as well as indirect effects including increased risks of mortality, CMV disease, hepatitis C progression and greater fibrosis scores. Although HHV-6 infection is currently diagnosed by quantifying viral DNA in plasma or blood, biopsy to demonstrate histopathological effects of HHV-6 remains the gold standard for diagnosis of end-organ disease. HHV-6 reactivation may be restricted to the infected organ with no evidence of active infection in the blood. HHV-6 infections in liver transplant patients are mostly asymptomatic, but clinically significant tissue-invasive infections have been treated successfully with ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir. Inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6), in either the recipient or the donor organ, may create confusion about systemic HHV-6 infection. Recipients with inherited ciHHV-6 may have an increased risk of opportunistic infection and graft rejection. This article reviews the current scientific data on the clinical effects, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of HHV-6 infections in liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irmeli Lautenschlager
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raymund R Razonable
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and the William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Transplant Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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