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Akhigbe R, Odetayo A, Akhigbe T, Hamed M, Ashonibare P. Pathophysiology and management of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury: Lessons from animal models. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27760. [PMID: 38694115 PMCID: PMC11058307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that involves the twisting of the spermatic cord along its course. Compelling pieces of evidence have implicated oxidative stress-sensitive signaling in pathogenesis of testicular I/R injury. Although, surgical detorsion is the mainstay management; blockade of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis may improve the surgical outcome. Experimental studies using various testicular I/R models have been reported in a bid to explore the mechanisms associated with testicular I/R and evaluate the benefits of potential therapeutic measures; however, most are limited by their shortcomings. Thus, this review was intended to describe the details of the available testicular I/R models as well as their merits and drawbacks, the pathophysiological basis and consequences of testicular I/R, and the pharmacological agents that have being proposed to confer testicular benefits against testicular I/R. This provides an understanding of the pathophysiological events and available models used in studying testicular I/R. In addition, this research provides evidence-based molecules with therapeutic potentials as well as their mechanisms of action in testicular I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A.F. Odetayo
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - T.M. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M.A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P.J. Ashonibare
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Katami H, Suzuki S, Fujii T, Ueno M, Tanaka A, Ohta KI, Miki T, Shimono R. Genetic and histopathological analysis of spermatogenesis after short-term testicular torsion in rats. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1650-1658. [PMID: 37225778 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with testicular torsion (TT) may exhibit impaired spermatogenesis from reperfusion injury after detorsion surgery. Alteration in the expressions of spermatogenesis-related genes induced by TT have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as follows: group 1 (sham-operated), group 2 (TT without reperfusion) and group 3 (TT with reperfusion). TT was induced by rotating the left testis 720° for 1 h. Testicular reperfusion proceeded for 24 h. Histopathological examination, oxidative stress biomarker measurements, RNA sequencing and RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS Testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury induced marked histopathological changes. Germ cell apoptosis was significantly increased in group 3 compared with group 1 and 2 (mean apoptotic index: 26.22 vs. 0.64 and 0.56; p = 0.024, and p = 0.024, respectively). Johnsen score in group 3 was smaller than that in group 1 and 2 (mean: 8.81 vs 9.45 and 9.47 points/tubule; p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes and significantly downregulated the expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION One hour of TT followed by reperfusion injury caused histopathological testicular damage. The relatively high Johnsen score indicated spermatogenesis was maintained. Genes associated with spermatogenesis were downregulated in the TT rat model. IMPACT How ischemia/reperfusion injury in testicular torsion (TT) affects the expressions of genes associated with spermatogenesis has not been fully elucidated. This is the first study to report comprehensive gene expression profiles using next generation sequencing for an animal model of TT. Our results revealed that ischemia/reperfusion injury downregulated the expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis and sperm function in addition to histopathological damage, even though the duration of ischemia was short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Katami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Aya Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shimono
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.
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Kuroki T, Takekoshi S, Kitatani K, Kato C, Miyasaka M, Akamatsu T. Protective Effect of Ebselen on Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Epigastric Skin Flaps in Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:149-157. [PMID: 36405551 PMCID: PMC9631984 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of oxidized diacylglycerol (DAG) and the molecular mechanism underlying ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat skin flaps. The protective effect of ebselen on the viability of rat skin flaps with I/R injury was investigated. Flaps were designed and raised in the left inguinal region. Then, a microvascular clamp was applied to the vascular pedicle and reperfused after 6 hr. After 7 days of I/R (I/R group), the skin flap survival area ratio was significantly reduced compared to the normal skin. The administration of ebselen significantly improved the ratio compared to the I/R group. The flap survival area ratio of the I/R + ebselen group was significantly improved compared to the I/R + vehicle group. In the I/R + ebselen group, the oxidized DAG content and intensity of phosphorylated PKCα and PKCδ were significantly lower compared to the I/R + vehicle group. Furthermore, the inflammatory response was suppressed in the I/R + ebselen group compared to the I/R + vehicle group. These results indicate that ebselen is useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent for skin flap necrosis caused by I/R, because of reduction and elimination of oxidized DAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kuroki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Support Center of Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chikara Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Muneo Miyasaka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tadashi Akamatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Unsal V, Kolukcu E, Gevrek F, Firat F. Sinapic acid reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14117. [PMID: 34081348 DOI: 10.1111/and.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sinapic acid (SA) on biochemical and histopathological changes in an experimental testicular torsion-detorsion rat model. Twenty-four rats were randomised into four groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group subjected to testicular torsion for 2 hr and then detorsion for 4 hr, and two groups treated with SA1 and SA2 (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, by single intraperitoneal injection, 30 min before reperfusion). Serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by an autoanalyzer, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO) oxidative stress parameters by spectrophotometric methods, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) parameters by the Elisa method. In addition, immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on testicular tissues. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels (p > .05). SA significantly reduced increased testicular damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death and also restored decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (p < .05). Pre-treatment of rats with SA reduced testicular dysfunction and morphological changes IRI. SA's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties were found to be protective against testicular IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velid Unsal
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Central Research Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Engin Kolukcu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatih Firat
- Department of Urology, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
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Tanriverdi HI, Şenel U, Gevrek F, Akbaş A. Protective effect of famotidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury following testicular torsion in rats. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:167.e1-167.e7. [PMID: 33046373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In testicular torsion, testicular blood flow is impaired, resulting in ischemic changes. Torsion must be corrected urgently with surgical treatment. Detorsioning and restoration of blood supply to the testis cause reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effect of famotidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of testicular torsion. STUDY DESIGN The rats were randomly divided into three groups; Group I (control, no torsion) (n = 8), Group II (torsion + detorsion) (n = 8), Group III (torsion + detorsion + famotidine) (n = 8). Levels of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were measured for biochemical analysis. Testicular tissues were assessed by Johnsen Scoring for spermatogenic evaluation. Tissues were also examined with TUNEL staining to determine the extent of apoptosis. RESULTS Average MDA level was higher in Group II than Groups I and III. The difference was only significant between Group I and II (p = 0.03). Average NO level was significantly higher in Group II than Groups I and III (p = 0.03; p = 0.04; respectively). Conversely, average SOD level was lower in Group II than Groups I and III. The difference was only significant between Group II and III (p < 0.001). Average GSH-Px level was lower in Group II than Groups I and III, but the differences were not significant (p = 0.37; p = 0.35; respectively). The average Johnsen score in Group II was significantly lower than the scores in Groups I and III (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; respectively). The apoptotic index of Group II was significantly higher than those of Groups I and III (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; respectively). DISCUSSION Famotidine prevented increases in oxidative stress markers and reductions of antioxidants during ischemia-reperfusion injury in our study. Spermatogenesis was less affected and DNA injury was reduced in rats treated with famotidine. The antioxidant characteristics of famotidine and its protective effects have been shown in our study. CONCLUSION Famotidine may prevent oxidative tissue injury during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Tanriverdi
- Pediatric Surgery, Manisa Celal Bayar University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Şenel
- Pediatric Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Histology and Embriology, Gaziosmanpasa University Medical School, Department of Histology and Embriology, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ali Akbaş
- Biochemistry, Balıkesir University Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Balıkesir, Turkey.
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Jiang J, Wang F, Wang L, Xiao J, Guo D. Manganese Chloride Exposure Causes Disorder of Energy Metabolism and Induces Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Chicken Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:254-261. [PMID: 31916180 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) pollution is an important environmental problem because of the potential toxicity to human and animal health. However, the effects of Mn on energy metabolism and autophagy are not clear. Consequently, we examined the effects of excessive and chronic exposure to Mn on liver function, oxidative stress, respiratory chain complex activity, and autophagy in chicken liver. Our results indicated that the accumulation of Mn in the liver and levels of AST and ALT in the serum of the Mn-exposed group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group at 90 days; the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and respiratory chain complexes (I, II, III) in the Mn-exposed group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. However, the MDA content, NO content, iNOS activity, mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, and autophagy-related genes in the Mn-exposed group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In contrast, the mRNA level and protein expression of mTOR were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the characteristic autophagic vacuolar organelles were observed in the Mn-exposed group. These results suggested that excess Mn exposure can cause a disorder of energy metabolism by mitochondrial injury and induce oxidative stress and autophagy, which eventually lead to liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Fengfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jiawei Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, China.
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Abat D, Bayazıt Y, Açıkalın A, Dağlıoğlu K, Yenilmez ED, Altunkol A, Erdoğan Ş, Tuli A. Beneficial effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 specific inhibitor, on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2261-2265. [PMID: 29773452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on testicular torsion - detorsion injury. METHODS Sixty young male rats were divided into five groups. In each group, the right testes of six rats were removed four hours after detorsion for biochemical analysis, and the right testes of the remaining six rats were removed 24 h after detorsion for pathological analysis. In group 1 (sham-operated) right orchiectomy was performed without torsion, and right testes were sent to the laboratory for biochemical and pathologic analyses. In group 2 (control) torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min, and detorsion was performed without the administration of Rolipram. In group 3 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min. 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered 30 min before detorsion. In group 4 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min, and 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered during detorsion. In group 5 torsion was applied to the right testes for 60 min. 1 mg/kg Rolipram was administered 30 min after detorsion. The malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were determined. The rates of necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by histopathological examination. RESULTS The level of malondialdehyde was higher in the torsioned groups (Group 2, 3, 4, 5) than that in group 1 (p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the level of nitric oxide (p = 0.182). Apoptosis was higher in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 1; however, apoptosis was similar in group 1 and group 5 (p = 0.122). The level of necrosis in group 1 was similar to that in groups 4 and 5 (p = 0.194 and p = 0.847, respectively). CONCLUSION We suggest that the administration of Rolipram can decrease the rate of necrosis and apoptosis in testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Abat
- İskenderun State Hospital, Department of Urology, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Yıldırım Bayazıt
- Ç ukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Arbil Açıkalın
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Dağlıoğlu
- Experimental Research Center, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Dündar Yenilmez
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Adem Altunkol
- University of Healthy Sciences, Adana City Hospital, Department of Urology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Şeyda Erdoğan
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Tuli
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey.
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El-Hady WM, Galal AAA. Neurotoxic Outcomes of Subchronic Manganese Chloride Exposure via Contaminated Water in Adult Male Rats and the Potential Benefits of Ebselen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 29516356 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The neurological effects of manganese (Mn) exposure on adults consuming contaminated water remain unclear. Accordingly, the current experiment was planned to explore the neurotoxic consequences of subchronic Mn exposure via contaminated water and to examine whether ebselen (Ebs) improved these outcomes. Rats exposed to oral MnCl2 (50 mg/kg body weight) for 30 successive days exhibited reduced rearing and ambulation. Furthermore, Mn administration increased brain Mn concentrations and induced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione depletion. Mn administration also increased lipid peroxidation biomarker levels. Additionally, Mn increased interleukin1-β and prostaglandin E2 levels and altered caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression. Mn intoxication also induced marked gliosis, numerous vacuolations, and disoriented and pyknotic Purkinje cells as well as marked vascular congestion in brain tissue. Meanwhile, intraperitoneal administration of Ebs (15 mg/kg body weight) to Mn-intoxicated rats improved the behavioral performance and oxidative damage as well as inflammatory, apoptotic, and histopathological changes. The above results indicate that Ebs alleviated Mn neurotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Therefore, Ebs could represent a promising agent in the prevention of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M El-Hady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Ebselen can Protect Male Reproductive Organs and Male Fertility from Manganese Toxicity: Structural and Bioanalytical Approach in a Rat Model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:739-748. [PMID: 29604593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebselen (EBS) is a versatile compound that can protect the cellular components from oxidative and free radical-mediated damage. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of EBS against manganese (Mn) toxicity on male reproductive organs. Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups, namely, negative control, EBS (15 mg/kg body weight (bw), as a single protective IP injection), MnCl2 (50 mg/kg bw, orally for 30 consecutive days), and EBS + MnCl2 (as mentioned before). The results showed that EBS ameliorated the alterations caused by MnCl2 in the testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle tissues. MnCl2 increased the sperm abnormalities, decreased gonadosomatic index (GSI), sperm motility, and sperm count. Further, it reduced the serum levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-OH-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) upon exposure to MnCl2 indicated a disturbance in the activities of the testicular antioxidant enzymes and indices. Histologically, MnCl2 decreased the diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST), the height of germinal epithelium, number of spermatogonia/ST, spermatocytes/ST, spermatids/ST, and Leydig cells/intertubular area (IA). Chemoprotection with EBS successfully mitigated most of the above-mentioned parameters concluding that EBS could be used as a useful prophylactic therapy whenever Mn toxicity is involved.
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10
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Javdan N, Ayatollahi SA, Iqbal Choudhary M, Al-Hasani S, Pazoki-Toroudi H. FOXO1 targeting by capsaicin reduces tissue damage after testicular torsion. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12987. [PMID: 29411905 DOI: 10.1111/and.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion-related oxidative stress causes a sequential chain of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death that leads to the derangement in the sperm functions and infertility. Capsaicin that has been applied for pain relief and cancer prevention possesses antioxidant properties which can be exploited to confer cell survival under ischaemic testis damage. Wistar male rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into four groups: (i) sham group (all procedures except torsion of testis), (ii) ischaemia group (TT group), (iii) three TT groups treated with different dose of capsaicin (TT + different doses of Cap) and (iv) three control groups treated with different doses of capsaicin (100, 500 and 1000 ug/ml). Capsaicin administration significantly decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors. Likewise, the expression of FOXO1 is significantly increased by higher doses of the capsaicin. Histological assessment by H&E and TUNEL method also exhibited an improved testicular morphology and decreased apoptosis in testes. These results suggested clinical potential for capsaicin in treatment of testicular torsion by targeting FOXO1 and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Javdan
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - H Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Simanjuntak Y, Liang JJ, Chen SY, Li JK, Lee YL, Wu HC, Lin YL. Ebselen alleviates testicular pathology in mice with Zika virus infection and prevents its sexual transmission. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006854. [PMID: 29447264 PMCID: PMC5814061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the low case fatality, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Antiviral and vaccine developments against ZIKV are still ongoing; therefore, in the meantime, preventing the disease transmission is critical. Primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes, ZIKV also can be sexually transmitted. We used AG129 mice lacking interferon-α/β and -γ receptors to study the testicular pathogenesis and sexual transmission of ZIKV. Infection of ZIKV progressively damaged mouse testes, increased testicular oxidative stress as indicated by the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, glutathione peroxidase 4, spermatogenesis-associated-18 homolog in sperm and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and G-CSF. We then evaluated the potential role of the antioxidant ebselen (EBS) in alleviating the testicular pathology with ZIKV infection. EBS treatment significantly reduced ZIKV-induced testicular oxidative stress, leucocyte infiltration and production of pro-inflammatory response. Furthermore, it improved testicular pathology and prevented the sexual transmission of ZIKV in a male-to-female mouse sperm transfer model. EBS is currently in clinical trials for various diseases. ZIKV infection could be on the list for potential use of EBS, for alleviating the testicular pathogenesis with ZIKV infection and preventing its sexual transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Azoles/therapeutic use
- Cell Nucleus Shape/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus Size/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Isoindoles
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Organoselenium Compounds/therapeutic use
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/drug therapy
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/pathology
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/virology
- Spermatogenesis/drug effects
- Spermatozoa/immunology
- Spermatozoa/metabolism
- Spermatozoa/pathology
- Spermatozoa/virology
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/immunology
- Testis/pathology
- Testis/virology
- Zika Virus/drug effects
- Zika Virus/immunology
- Zika Virus/pathogenicity
- Zika Virus Infection/drug therapy
- Zika Virus Infection/pathology
- Zika Virus Infection/transmission
- Zika Virus Infection/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogy Simanjuntak
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Kun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Okur MH, Arslan S, Aydogdu B, Zeytun H, Basuguy E, Arslan MS, Ibiloglu I, Kaplan I. Protective Effect of Cordycepin on Experimental Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2017; 31:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1246629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Hanifi Okur
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Aydogdu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Zeytun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Erol Basuguy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ibiloglu
- Department of Pathology, Dicle University Medical School Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University Medical School Diyarbakir, Turkey
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13
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Arena S, Iacona R, Antonuccio P, Russo T, Salvo V, Gitto E, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 28565817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is one of the most serious urological conditions. It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to male subfertility. The turning of the spermatic cord and spermatic structures around themselves results in biochemical and histological changes; however, following testicular detorsion, tissues undergo reperfusion that causes more severe damage than that induced by ischemia. Since the primary causes of testicular damage are reactive oxygen species production, an increase in intra-mitochondrial calcium concentration and an increased rate of cellular apoptosis, different medications may potentially be effective. It seems that several medications, experimentally and sometimes clinically, serve an adjuvant role in the cellular damage that occurs following ischemia-reperfusion. Antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, phytotherapeutical medicinals, anaesthetics, hormones and platelet inhibitors may potentially create a solid basis for an adjuvant restoring therapy and ameliorate testicular function following torsion. The current study aimed to review the relevant literature and discuss the actions of a number of molecules that may protect the testes during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacona
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Russo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salvo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
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14
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Shimizu S, Tsounapi P, Dimitriadis F, Higashi Y, Shimizu T, Saito M. Testicular torsion-detorsion and potential therapeutic treatments: A possible role for ischemic postconditioning. Int J Urol 2016; 23:454-63. [PMID: 27217335 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School; Kochi University; Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Division of Urology; Tottori University School of Medicine; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Ioannina University; Ioannina Greece
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School; Kochi University; Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School; Kochi University; Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology; Kochi Medical School; Kochi University; Nankoku Kochi Japan
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15
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Fouad AA, Qutub HO, Jresat I. Dose-dependent protective effect of baicalin against testicular torsion-detorsion in rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Pharmacology Division; College of Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
| | - H. O. Qutub
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
| | - I. Jresat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Pathology Division; College of Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
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16
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Jiang JH, Zhou H, Li HJ, Wang YC, Tian M, Huang YL, Deng P. Comprehensive modeling of the antioxidant mechanism of ebselen. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633615500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three possible catalytic cycles for ebselen have been comprehensively modeled by theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) at a mixed basis set level; the 6-31G(d) basis set for hydrocarbon fragments and the 6-31[Formula: see text]G(d,p) basis set for other atoms. The 2[Formula: see text] cycle is the main pathway in the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) cycle (cycle A), and IM3[Formula: see text]TS3 is the rate controlling process. The 1[Formula: see text]1 cycle is the main pathway for the oxidation cycle (cycle B), and the rate controlling step is the [Formula: see text] step. Ebselen reacts with the selenol 3 to form the diselenide 9, and this is the rate controlling step for cycle C. The extremely high energy barrier for the IM9[Formula: see text]TS9 process indicates that cycle C is unlikely to occur in vivo. Although cycle B is favored based on the energy analysis, with a maximum energy barrier of only 26.68[Formula: see text]kcal/mol at the mixed basis set level, it is generally unlikely to have very high concentrations of peroxides present in vivo. The results indicate that in order to improve the antioxidant activity of ebselen, it would be necessary to suitably modify the molecular structure of ebselen to reduce the energy barrier of the IM3[Formula: see text]TS3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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