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Kaya C, Aydın ME, Aykaç A, Sungur S, Dursun M, Kadıoğlu A. Multifactorial determinants of male genital measurements: Correlations of stretched penile length and anogenital distance with anthropometric parameters. Andrology 2025. [PMID: 40366347 DOI: 10.1111/andr.70059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stretched penile length is recognized as the most reliable measure of true penile size, this fact is not widely acknowledged, and societal myths often associate penile length with other anthropometric measurements. While markers of prenatal androgen exposure, such as anogenital distance and the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), have been widely studied, there is a lack of exploring the specific relationship between anogenital distance and stretched penile length in adult males. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between stretched penile length and anthropometric measurements. Additionally, it examines the correlation between stretched penile length and anogenital distance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1312 healthy males aged 18-22 years who visited a urology clinic for non-genital problems. Anthropometric measurements were collected. Anogenital distance was measured as the anoscrotal distance. The anthropometric indices were calculated using established formulas. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS Anogenital distance emerged as the strongest independent predictor of stretched penile length (β = 0.618, p < 0.001) in the multivariate analysis. Fourth digit length also showed a significant association (β = 0.475, p = 0.042). Other anthropometric variables were not independently predictive of stretched penile length. Anogenital distance itself was significantly associated with stretched penile length, second-to-fourth digit ratio, and the crown-to-pubis distance. DISCUSSION This study reinforces the clinical utility of adult-derived measurements such as anogenital distance, second-to-fourth digit ratio, and stretched penile length as reliable biomarkers of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinization programming window. By demonstrating significant associations among these parameters, the findings highlight their relevance in assessing the impact of prenatal hormonal environments on male genital development. CONCLUSION This study highlights anogenital distance and stretched penile length as reliable key biomarkers for prenatal androgen exposure. The findings contribute to understanding male genital development and its implications for reproductive health. The results also dispells societal myths regarding penile size and anthropometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Kaya
- Department of Urology, Health Science University Eskisehir City Health Application and Research Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erhan Aydın
- Department of Urology, Health Science University Eskisehir City Health Application and Research Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Aykaç
- Department of Urology, Health Science University Eskisehir City Health Application and Research Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Sungur
- Public Health Expertise, Tepebasi District Health Directorate, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Dursun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Section of Andrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ateş Kadıoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Section of Andrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang G, Chang X, Yang X, Zhao R, Qian J, Liu Y, Xing Q, Pan B. Surgical Experience and Outcome Evaluation of Genital Gender Affirmation Surgery for Transgender Female in China: A Case Series. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025:10.1007/s00266-024-04628-4. [PMID: 39779504 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) for transgender females developed relatively late and limited in China due to some reasons. To introduce GAS surgical experiences for Chinese transgender females is necessary. AIMS To report surgical choices and experience including clitoral/urethral reconstruction, vaginoplasty, and vulvoplasty, and their outcomes. METHODS A single-center, retrospective case series was conducted among transgender females who underwent GAS between September 2018 and March 2023. Surgical outcomes were evaluated including short-term and long-term complications. Scar-Q Scale, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale-Women (AHPFS-W), and Female Genital Self-Imaging Scale (FGSIS) were carried out for outcome evaluation. RESULTS Thirteen transgender females underwent GAS. Among them, 7 patients underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty, 3 patients underwent zero-depth vaginoplasty (ZDV), and 3 patients underwent vaginoplasty using skin flap (penile or scrotum). Postoperative follow-up showed that for sigmoid colon neo-vagina, vaginal length can reach 10-15 cm, with a width of about 2 fingers. For skin flap neo-vagina, the long-term vaginal length can maintain at around 8-10 cm, with a width of about 2 fingers. AHPFS-W outcome shows that patients undergoing sigmoid colon vaginoplasty and ZDV have relatively better pelvic floor muscle function. Patients undergoing skin flap vaginoplasty scored higher on the FGSIS, indicating a higher level of self-acceptance toward reconstructed genitalia. DISCUSSION Factors like anatomical characteristics, sexual customs and cultural backgrounds may alter the choice of GAS techniques for Chinese transgender females. The GAS surgical experience specialized to Chinese transgender females is necessary to share. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhuier Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xu Chang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Runlei Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaying Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiannan Xing
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bailin Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang H, Tu X, Colonnello E, Wang C, Jannini EA, Zhang Y. Penile circumference in the Chinese population measured by Rigiscan. Aging Male 2024; 27:2417086. [PMID: 39491802 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2417086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the penile circumference in its flaccid and erect states using a Rigiscan monitoring device and Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation (AVSS) within a large Chinese male cohort to establish an objective standard. Methods: 1,134 men participated between January 2019 and June 2021. 803 men, achieving a hardness of 80% or more, were included. Circumferences of the penis' base and tip in its flaccid and erect states were documented, and averages were compared across age groups and Chinese regions. Age-related correlations were explored. Results: Flaccid penile base and tip averaged 7.25 ± 0.60 cm and 7.20 ± 0.71 cm. At 80% erection, they were 9.70 ± 0.65 cm and 9.65 ± 0.75 cm. The increase in circumference from flaccid to 80% erect for the base and tip was approximately 25.31% and 25.47%, respectively. Correlations between flaccid and erect states were significant (tip: R = 0.807, base: R = 0.828, both p < 0.01). No significant age or regional variations in penile circumference were found. Conclusion: Our data on 803 subjects measured with Rigiscan showed that penile circumferences in flaccid and erect states show a strong correlation, in Chinese population. Penile size does not seem significantly influenced by age or region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Urology, Dongguan Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - XuChong Tu
- Department of Urology, First affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elena Colonnello
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Goel P, Choudhury P, Saroya KK, Jain V, Dhua AK, Yadav DK, Anand S, Agarwala S, Sharma K, Agrawal V, Saha S, Singh H, Sharma N, Singh VP. Advancing Precision in Penile Length Measurement: Evidence-based Synthesis of Stretched Penile Length INdicator Technique (SPLINT). J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2024; 29:492-504. [PMID: 39479430 PMCID: PMC11521232 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_11_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence and propose a technique for estimation of stretched penile length (SPL) applicable to children. Materials and Methods This review has been conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were queried on penile length (PL) measurement techniques in humans published from 1990 onward. The devices and the techniques used for PL measurement, state of the penis, the habitus of the participants, proximal and distal landmarks for measurement, handling the foreskin and pubic pad of fat, optimal stretching of the penis, and other factors (including the environment) which should be accounted for in the technique were identified from the study cohort (90895 participants across 145 included studies). Results PL has been represented through flaccid (33.79%), stretched (81.3%), and erect (12.41%) PLs as well as the greatest corporeal length (1.4%). Following devices have been used to measure the PL in the study cohort: rulers [54.68%], calipers [9.7%], measuring tapes [14.5%], coloured measuring strips [2.06%], spatulas/tongue depressors [11.03%], FitKit, syringe [1.4%], cotton swab (and ruler), titan cylinders, slide gauge and ultrasonography [1.37%]. The factors relevant to SPL measurement have been incorporated into the proposed SPL INdicator Technique (SPLINT) which is essentially a holistic extension of the "Conventional PL Measurement" technique. Conclusions There is a wide range of heterogeneity in the technique for estimation of PL across the study cohort; the underlying factors have been identified along with the respective variables, and the SPLINT for SPL has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabudh Goel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prativa Choudhury
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Komal Kaur Saroya
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishesh Jain
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Dhua
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachit Anand
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Agarwala
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikesh Agrawal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Government Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subhasis Saha
- Senior Consultant Pediatric Surgeon, AMRI Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V. P. Singh
- Department of Health Research, DHR-ICMR Coordinating Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Belladelli F, Del Giudice F, Glover F, Mulloy E, Muncey W, Basran S, Fallara G, Pozzi E, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Eisenberg ML. Worldwide Temporal Trends in Penile Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:848-860. [PMID: 36792094 PMCID: PMC10523114 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Normative male genital measurements are clinically useful and temporal changes would have important implications. The aim of the present study is to characterize the trend of worldwide penile length over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis using papers from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2022 was performed. PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Pooled means and standard deviations for flaccid, stretched, and erect length were obtained. Subgroup analyses were performed by looking at differences in the region of origin, population type, and the decade of publication. Metaregression analyses were to adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Seventy-five studies published between 1942 and 2021 were evaluated including data from 55,761 men. The pooled mean length estimates were flaccid length: 8.70 cm (95% CI, 8.16-9.23), stretched length: 12.93 cm (95% CI, 12.48-13.39), and erect length: 13.93 cm (95% CI, 13.20-14.65). All measurements showed variation by geographic region. Erect length increased significantly over time (QM=4.49, df=2, p=0.04) in several regions of the world and across all age groups, while no trends were identified in other penile size measurements. After adjusting for geographic region, subject age, and subject population; erect penile length increased 24% over the past 29 years. CONCLUSIONS The average erect penis length has increased over the past three decades across the world. Given the significant implications, attention to potential causes should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank Glover
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan Mulloy
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wade Muncey
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Satvir Basran
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Nguyen Hoai B, Hoang L, Tran D, Nguyen Cao T, Doan Tien L, Sansone A, Jannini EA. Ultrasonic testicular size of 24,440 adult Vietnamese men and the correlation with age and hormonal profiles. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14333. [PMID: 34961956 DOI: 10.1111/and.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular size is an important parameter to investigate male reproductive and sexual functions. However, diagnosis and treatments are hindered by the lack of country-specific standard values for testicular volume. We conducted the present retrospective chart review study on 24,440 men who sought consultation at Andrology and Sexual Medicine-Hanoi Medical University Hospital to provide a reference range of testicular volume and to determine the correlations between testicular volume, age and hormonal profiles. These men were classified into groups being healthy fathers, hypogonadal men, unexplained infertile men, men with unknown fertility, testicular pathologies and other andrological condition groups. Hypogonadal men and unexplained infertile men had significantly smaller testicular sizes compared with healthy fathers. The mean value of testicular volume of healthy subjects was 13.64 ± 3.44 ml (left testis: 13.94 ± 3.72 ml; right testis: 13.34 ± 3.61 ml; p < 0.001). Testicular size of Vietnamese men was negatively correlated with LH and FSH (Rho = -0.16 and -0.33, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with testosterone after adjusting for confounding factors. Testicular volume was independent of the subject's age and smoking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Nguyen Hoai
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang
- Department of Urology, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Tran
- Department of Urology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Nguyen Cao
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luu Doan Tien
- Radiology Center, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Honorary Chair of Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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López-Soto Á, Bueno-González M, Urbano-Reyes M, Garví-Morcillo J, Meseguer-González JL, Martínez-Uriarte J, García-Izquierdo O, Donate-Legaz JM, Leante-Castellanos JL, Martínez-Cendán JP. Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1211-1223. [PMID: 34323056 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology. OBJECTIVES The aims of this systematic review were to compare the different normative data of SPL at birth, to examine the methodological aspects of the technique and to evaluate the independent variables that may be involved. METHODS Searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A combination of the relevant medical terms, keywords and word variants for "stretched penile length", "penile length", "penile size", "newborn" and "birth" were used. Eligibility criteria included normative studies that used the stretched penile length (SPL) measurement on a population of healthy, full-term newborns during the first month of life. The outcomes studied included characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects and independent variables. RESULTS We identified 49 studies comprising 21,399 children. Significant discrepancies are observed between the different studies. Methodological aspects seem to be consistent and similar. The main independent variables appear to be ethnic group and gestational age. Main limitations were the absence of studies of entire world regions such as Europe or South America, and the heterogeneity of the ethnic background that complicates the analysis. CONCLUSIONS It seems advisable to suggest the creation of customized reference charts for each specific population instead of resorting to the classic cut-off points.
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Colonnello E, Limoncin E, Ciocca G, Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Balercia G, Porst H, Zhang H, Yu X, Zhang Y, Jannini EA. The Lost Penis Syndrome: A New Clinical Entity in Sexual Medicine. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:113-129. [PMID: 34620562 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The "lost penis syndrome" (LPS) is a term often used in non-clinical settings to describe the subjective perception of the loss of cutaneous and proprioceptive feelings of the male organ during vaginal penetration. Although deserving clinical attention, this syndrome did not receive any consideration in the medical literature. Notwithstanding, it represents a relatively unexceptional condition among patients in sexual medicine clinics, and it is often reported together with other sexual dysfunctions, especially delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, male anorgasmia and inability to maintain a full erection. OBJECTIVES To draft a new conceptual characterization of the LPS, defined as a lack of penile somesthetic sensations during sexual penetration due to various causes and leading to several sexual consequences in both partners. METHODS Based on an extensive literature review and physiological assumptions, the mechanisms contributing to friction during penovaginal intercourse, and their correlation to LPS, have been explored, as well as other nonanatomical factors possibly contributing to the loss of penile sensations. RESULTS Efficient penile erection and sensitivity, optimal vaginal lubrication and trophism contribute to penovaginal friction. Whenever one of these processes does not occur, loss of penile sensation defined as LPS can occur. Sociocultural, psychopathological and age-related (ie, couplepause) factors are also implicated in the etiology. Four types of LPS emerged from the literature review: anatomical and/or functional, behavioral, psychopathological and iatrogenic. According to the subtype, a wide variety of treatments can be employed, including PDE5i, testosterone replacement therapy and vaginal cosmetic surgery, as well as targeted therapy for concomitant sexual comorbidity. CONCLUSION We held up the mirror on LPS as a clinically existing multifactorial entity and provided medical features and hypotheses contributing to or causing the occurrence of LPS. In the light of a sociocultural and scientific perspective, we proposed a description and categorization of this syndrome hypothesizing its usefulness in daily clinical practice. Colonnello E, Limoncin E, Ciocca G, et al. The Lost Penis Syndrome: A New Clinical Entity in Sexual Medicine. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colonnello
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Limoncin
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mollaioli
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Hartmut Porst
- European Institute for Sexual Health (EISH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Wylie KR. Adjusting penis length and the potential impact on female sexual satisfaction. BJU Int 2021; 128:267-268. [PMID: 34459102 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan R Wylie
- Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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10
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Di Mauro M, Tonioni C, Cocci A, Kluth LA, Russo GI, Gomez Rivas J, Cacciamani G, Cito G, Morelli G, Polloni G, di Maida F, Giunti D. Penile length and circumference dimensions: A large study in young Italian men. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14053. [PMID: 33748967 PMCID: PMC8243978 DOI: 10.1111/and.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the penis in flaccidity and in erection of Italian men. A total of 4,685 men living in Italy and who have been visited at the Italian urology operating units were involved in the study between January 2019 and January 2020. Each patient was given details on how to measure their penis (erect length and circumference) in flaccidity and in erection, from the lower base to the distal penile tip. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) flaccid penis length was 9.47 (2.69), mean (SD) flaccid penis circumference was 9.59 (3.08), mean (SD) erect penis length was 16.78 (2.55) and mean (SD) erect penis circumference was 12.03 (3.82). At the linear regression analysis, height was associated with flaccid penis length (β = 0.04; p-value = .01), and erect penis length was (β = 0.05; p-value < .01) and erect penis circumference was (β = 0.06; p-value < .01). Height is proportional to the length of the penis in flaccidity and in erection, and to the circumference in erection. The increase in BMI leads to a reduction in the length of the erect penis, as well as weight gain reduces the length of the flaccid penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Mauro
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cacciamani
- USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gianmartin Cito
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Giunti
- Centro Integrato di Sessuologia Il Ponte, Florence, Italy
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