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Wahed SB, Dunstan CR, Boughton PA, Ruys AJ, Faisal SN, Wahed TB, Salahuddin B, Cheng X, Zhou Y, Wang CH, Islam MS, Aziz S. Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites for Ligament Reconstructions and Their Targeted Applications in the Restoration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112189. [PMID: 35683861 PMCID: PMC9182730 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of biomaterials as biomedical implants is a significant challenge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and composites of such kind have been extensively used in medical implants, notably in the bearings of the hip, knee, and other joint prostheses, owing to its biocompatibility and high wear resistance. For the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, synthetic UHMWPE is an ideal candidate due to its biocompatibility and extremely high tensile strength. However, significant problems are observed in UHMWPE based implants, such as wear debris and oxidative degradation. To resolve the issue of wear and to enhance the life of UHMWPE as an implant, in recent years, this field has witnessed numerous innovative methodologies such as biofunctionalization or high temperature melting of UHMWPE to enhance its toughness and strength. The surface functionalization/modification/treatment of UHMWPE is very challenging as it requires optimizing many variables, such as surface tension and wettability, active functional groups on the surface, irradiation, and protein immobilization to successfully improve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE and reduce or eliminate the wear or osteolysis of the UHMWPE implant. Despite these difficulties, several surface roughening, functionalization, and irradiation processing technologies have been developed and applied in the recent past. The basic research and direct industrial applications of such material improvement technology are very significant, as evidenced by the significant number of published papers and patents. However, the available literature on research methodology and techniques related to material property enhancement and protection from wear of UHMWPE is disseminated, and there is a lack of a comprehensive source for the research community to access information on the subject matter. Here we provide an overview of recent developments and core challenges in the surface modification/functionalization/irradiation of UHMWPE and apply these findings to the case study of UHMWPE for ACL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia B. Wahed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Philip A. Boughton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Andrew J. Ruys
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Shaikh N. Faisal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science & Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Tania B. Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Bidita Salahuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Chun H. Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Shazed Aziz
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
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Balasubramaniyan K, Bhoobalan K, Jayaraman D, Sounderraj S, Muthuukumar KR, Santhini E. Development and assessment of biologically compatible anterior cruciate ligament using braided ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1306-1318. [PMID: 34931730 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) braided structure was surface modified with low temperature plasma and was coated with cationized gelatin and hyaluronic acid to improve its biocompatibility for the reconstruction of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ligament was studied for its various mechanical properties. Surface modifications were studied through FESEM. Biological compatibility of the ligament was assessed in accordance to ISO 10993 standard. Tensile strength of the UHMWPE reconstructed ligament ranges between 2628 and 5937 N; maximum tensile strength was attained in 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braided structure along with higher strain at failure of 36.1%. In 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braid structure, the linear stiffness was found to be high at 375 N/mm. Among the developed materials, four braided structures namely as 800 denier 2/2 pattern of double braids and triple braids, 1600 denier 1/1 pattern of double braid and 2/2 pattern of triple braid were found to be mechanically suitable. Specifically, the 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braid having higher mechanical properties was selected for coating. The results of in-vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity confirmed the extract of ACL to non-toxic and non-mutant. Furthermore, in-vivo analysis of the extract and the coated ACL graft proved the ligament to be non-irritant, non-sensitizer and also found to promote new tissue formation around the graft. Based on the results, the CG and HA coated ACL graft were concluded to be biocompatible and having considerable potential as an alternate for autograft/allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhasarathi Jayaraman
- Spinning, Weaving and Knitting, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanmugam Sounderraj
- Weaving and Knitting, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - K Rajendran Muthuukumar
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Textiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - Elango Santhini
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Textiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
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Malchesky PS. Artificial Organs 2018: A Year in Review. Artif Organs 2019; 43:288-317. [PMID: 30680758 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2018 are organized by category and summarized. We provide a brief reflection of the research and progress in artificial organs intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of these technologies and methods. Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level." Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. Peer-reviewed special issues this year included contributions from the 13th International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion edited by Dr. Akif Undar, and the 25th Congress of the International Society for Mechanical Circulatory Support edited by Dr. Marvin Slepian. Additionally, many editorials highlighted the worldwide survival differences in hemodialysis and perspectives on mechanical circulatory support and stem cell therapies for cardiac support. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, John Wiley & Sons for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to reporting further advances in the coming years.
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