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Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Cryptorchidism and puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347435. [PMID: 38532895 PMCID: PMC10963523 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is the condition in which one or both testes have not descended adequately into the scrotum. The congenital form of cryptorchidism is one of the most prevalent urogenital anomalies in male newborns. In the acquired form of cryptorchidism, the testis that was previously descended normally is no longer located in the scrotum. Cryptorchidism is associated with an increased risk of infertility and testicular germ cell tumors. However, data on pubertal progression are less well-established because of the limited number of studies. Here, we aim to review the currently available data on pubertal development in boys with a history of non-syndromic cryptorchidism-both congenital and acquired cryptorchidism. The review is focused on the timing of puberty, physical changes, testicular growth, and endocrine development during puberty. The available evidence demonstrated that the timing of the onset of puberty in boys with a history of congenital cryptorchidism does not differ from that of non-cryptorchid boys. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormone measurements showed an impaired function or fewer Sertoli cells and/or germ cells among boys with a history of cryptorchidism, particularly with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism treated with orchiopexy. Leydig cell function is generally not affected in boys with a history of cryptorchidism. Data on pubertal development among boys with acquired cryptorchidism are lacking; therefore, more research is needed to investigate pubertal progression among such boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena E. Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cheng TS, Ong KK, Biro FM. Trends Toward Earlier Puberty Timing in Girls and Its Likely Mechanisms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:527-531. [PMID: 35537618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two installments examining early puberty in girls. The first paper will discuss secular trends in onset of puberty and the possible mechanisms to explain these developments. The potential etiologies examined will include the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesogens, the impact of body mass index and obesity, genetic and biologic pathways, and the influence of lifestyle behaviors. The second paper of the two-part series will examine the potential health impacts of early puberty on young and adult women and offer suggestions for clinical management and public health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck Seng Cheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 116, Cambridge CB20QQ UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
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Xu Y, Xiong J, Gao W, Wang X, Shan S, Zhao L, Cheng G. Dietary Fat and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes during Childhood Are Prospectively Associated with Puberty Timing Independent of Dietary Protein. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020275. [PMID: 35057456 PMCID: PMC8778261 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat and fat quality have been inconsistently associated with puberty timing. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of dietary fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) with puberty timing. Using longitudinal data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) Study, we analyzed dietary data, anthropometric measurements, and potential confounders. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls. Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2) and age at menarche/voice break (M/VB) were used as puberty development markers. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relevance of dietary intake of total fat, SFA, PUFA, and MUFA on puberty timing. Among 3425 girls and 2495 boys, children with higher intakes of total fat and PUFA were more likely to reach their B2/G2 or M/VB at an earlier age. Associations were not attenuated on additional adjustment for childhood dietary protein intake. However, higher intakes of SFA or MUFA were not independently associated with puberty development. A higher intake of dietary fat and PUFA in prepuberty was associated with earlier puberty timing, which was independent of dietary protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (W.G.)
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wanke Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (W.G.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-85502220
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Cheng TS, Day FR, Perry JRB, Luan J, Langenberg C, Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ, Ong KK. Prepubertal Dietary and Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids Related to Puberty Timing: Longitudinal Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Nutrients 2021; 13:1868. [PMID: 34070864 PMCID: PMC8228200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FAs) have been inconsistently associated with puberty timing. We examined longitudinal associations of prepubertal dietary and plasma phospholipid FAs with several puberty timing traits in boys and girls. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, prepubertal fat intakes at 3-7.5 years and plasma phospholipid FAs at 7.5 years were measured. Timings of Tanner stage 2 genital or breast development and voice breaking or menarche from repeated reports at 8-17 years, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) from repeated height measurements at 5-20 years were estimated. In linear regression models with adjustment for maternal and infant characteristics, dietary substitution of polyunsaturated FAs for saturated FAs, and higher concentrations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n6) and palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) were associated with earlier timing of puberty traits in girls (n = 3872) but not boys (n = 3654). In Mendelian Randomization models, higher genetically predicted circulating dihomo-γ-linolenic acid was associated with earlier menarche in girls. Based on repeated dietary intake data, objectively measured FAs and genetic causal inference, these findings suggest that dietary and endogenous metabolic pathways that increase plasma dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, an intermediate metabolite of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, may promote earlier puberty timing in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck Seng Cheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.S.C.); (F.R.D.); (J.R.B.P.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (N.G.F.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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