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Dos Santos EA, Cavalheiro LAM, Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues A, Silva MR, Nogueira H, Padez C. Are sun exposure time, dietary patterns, and vitamin D intake related to the socioeconomic status of Portuguese children? Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24109. [PMID: 38804593 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association among sun exposure time, vitamin D intake, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status in Portuguese children. METHODS Participants aged 3-11 years (50.1% females) were recruited from public and private schools (n = 118) in the districts of Coimbra (n = 2980), Lisbon (n = 3066), and Porto (n = 2426). Parents reported their children's daily sun exposure time during the summer season and reported children's food consumption, including vitamin D food sources, using standardized questionnaires. Parents' education level was used as a proxy measure to the socioeconomic status (SES). The principal component factor analysis (PCA) method was used to identify dietary patterns. The eight dietary patterns identified were labeled in: "fast food", "rich in vitamin D", "sugary drinks", "vitamin D", "candies", "supplements", "rich in calcium" and "vegetables/healthy". Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sun exposure time and dietary patterns according to SES. RESULTS A total of 4755 children were included. Children from high SES had significantly longer sun exposure time (p < .001) and more frequently consumed vitamin D supplements (p < .001). "Fast food" pattern showed a negative association with sun exposure time in medium and high SES (p = .014 and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Children with lower SES spend less time exposed to the sun, consume fewer dietary sources of vitamin D, and consume more foods rich in fat and sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete A Dos Santos
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria-Raquel Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre-Group of Sleep, Chronobiology and Sleep Disorders-Nova Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Carrilero N, García-Altés A. Health inequalities in childhood diseases: temporal trends in the inter-crisis period. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38632575 PMCID: PMC11025183 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2008, children in Catalonia (Spain) have suffered a period of great economic deprivation. This situation has generated broad-ranging health inequalities in a variety of diseases. It is not known how these inequalities have changed over time. The aim of the present study is to determine trends in inequalities over this period in ten relevant diseases in children according to sex and age. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of all children under 15 years old resident in Catalonia during the 2014-2021 period (over 1.2 million children/year) and of their diagnoses registered by the Catalan Health System. Health inequalities were estimated by calculating the relative index of inequality and time trends using logistic regression models. Interaction terms were added to test for the effects of sex on time trends. RESULTS Increasing significant temporal trends in inequalities were shown for both sexes in almost all the diseases or adverse events studied (asthma, injuries, poisoning, congenital anomalies, overweight and obesity), in mood disorders in boys, and in adverse birth outcomes in girls. Adjustment and anxiety and mood disorders in girls showed a decreasing temporal trend in inequalities. More than half of the diseases and adverse events studied experienced significant annual increases in inequality. Poisoning stood out with an average annual increase of 8.65% [4.30, 13.00], p ≤ 0.001 in boys and 8.64% [5.76, 11.52], p ≤ 0.001) in girls, followed by obesity with increases of 5.52% [4.15, 6.90], p = < 0.001 in boys and 4.89% [4.26, 5.51], p ≤ 0.001) in girls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that inequalities persist and have increased since 2014. Policy makers should turn their attention to how interventions to reduce Health inequalities are designed, and who benefits from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Carrilero
- Agència de Qualitat I Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS-UPF), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) , Barcelona, Spain.
- Research Group on Primary and Community Care in Barcelona (APICBA), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna García-Altés
- Agència de Qualitat I Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Dang Y, Duan X, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Ye L, Wang D, Pei L. The Contribution of the Underlying Factors to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity: A Life Course Perspective. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606378. [PMID: 38426185 PMCID: PMC10902784 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Socioeconomic disparities in obesity have been observed in both childhood and adulthood. However, it remains unclear how the role of risk factors influencing these inequalities has evolved over time. Methods: Longitudinal data on 2,866 children and adolescents (6-17 years old) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to track their BMI during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Concentration Index was utilized to measure socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, while Oaxaca decomposition was employed to determine the share of different determinants of inequality. Results: The concentration index for obesity during childhood and adulthood were 0.107 (95% CI: 0.023, 0.211) and 0.279 (95% CI: 0.203, 0.355), respectively. Changes in baseline BMI (24.6%), parental BMI (10.4%) and socioeconomic factors (6.7%) were found to be largely responsible for the increasing inequality in obesity between childhood and adulthood. Additionally, mother's education (-7.4%) was found to contribute the most to reducing these inequalities. Conclusion: Inequalities in obesity during childhood and adulthood are significant and growing. Interventions targeting individuals with higher BMI, especially those who are wealthy, can significantly reduce the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinyu Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Xi’an No. 4 Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Leilei Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues A, Gama A, Nogueira H, G Silva MR, Padez C. Parental Perception of Their Child's Weight Status in Portugal: An Observational Study. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:20-26. [PMID: 37363935 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parental perceptions of a child's weight status may influence family readiness to foster healthy behaviors. Our aim was to observe parental perceptions of their child's weight status in two time periods and in multiple population subgroups. METHODS Data were collected in two national projects, 2009 - 2010 (n = 6577) and 2016 - 2017 (n = 7594), in public and private kindergartens and primary schools in Portugal (children aged three to 10 years old). Parents filled out a questionnaire regarding their perception of their child's weight status, namely: 1) too thin, 2) thin, 3) normal weight, 4) with some excess weight, or 5) with a lot of excess weight. Children's height and weight were objectively collected, and the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs were used to classify overweight and obesity. Accurate and misclassification levels were calculated for children according to their sex, age, as well as child and parental weight status, while considering differences within and between the two time periods. RESULTS Overall, accuracy in parental perception of their child's weight was higher in 2016 - 2017 than in 2009 - 2010, regardless of children's sex, age, parental weight status, and education (65.7% and 60.5%, respectively). However, the ability of parents to detect obesity was ~ 50% lower in 2016 - 2017 compared with 2009 - 2010. CONCLUSION Even though parental perception of their child's weight was better in 2016 - 2017 than in 2009 - 2010 , the inverse result was found among children with obesity. Strategies are needed to encourage parents to improve their perception of the appropriate weight for their child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Life Sciences. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Aristides Machado-Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; High School of Education. Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. Viseu; Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Animal Biology. University of Lisbon. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Faculty of Arts and Humanities. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Faculty of Health Sciences. University Fernando Pessoa. Porto. Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Life Sciences. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
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Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Gama A, Silva MRG, Nogueira H, Padez C. Body size, form, composition, and a healthy lifestyle associates with health-related quality of life among Portuguese children. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23902. [PMID: 36989416 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the relationship between body size, form, and composition, and children's lifestyle on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 1333 children (9.05 ± 0.75 years; 683 females) living in mainland Portugal. Objective anthropometric measures were collected. Parents answered a standardized questionnaire related with children's lifestyle (e.g., sport participation, screen- and sleep-time) and family socioeconomic status (e.g., parental education). HRQoL was measured using the Portuguese version of the KIDSCREEN-27. Scores were categorized into low and high using a sex-specific normative cut-off from European children. A healthier score was created including positive scores for body weight, abdominal obesity, sport participation, sleep- and screen-time. RESULTS Body size, form and composition were correlated with children's physical wellbeing. However, sex differences were found in which parameters were associated with wellbeing. Among boys, the body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold were most correlated with wellbeing, while waist circumference and subscapular skinfold showed the strongest correlations for girls. Sleep duration and sport participation revealed a significant relationship with girls' HRQoL. A logistic regression analysis (adjusted for parental education) revealed that boys scoring 4 or 5 in the healthier index had an increased likelihood of high HRQoL level compared to those fulfilling none. CONCLUSIONS Future programs aimed at reducing obesity, particularly central obesity, and incorporating multiple health indicators and behaviors, such as sport participation and sleep duration may help improve children's health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-155, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Machado-Rodrigues AM, Rodrigues D, Gama A, Nogueira H, Silva MRG, Mascarenhas LP, Padez C. Tri-axial accelerometer-assessed physical activity and its association with weight status in a sample of elementary-school children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00027-3. [PMID: 37087316 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Objective assessment of physical activity (PA) using accelerometers and pedometers has become more accurate and common practice in the study of childhood overweight. The study aimed: i) to compare PA levels and body shape of boys and girls, and assess compliance of active children with the PA recommendation; ii) to analyse associations between the risk of overweight and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children. METHODS The sample comprised 395 children (198 girls) aged 6-10 years. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated subsequently. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to obtain seven consecutive days of MVPA, as well as the weekly time being sedentary. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the afore-mentioned relationship among the risk of obesity and MVPA, controlling for confounders. RESULTS After controlling for wearing time, boys spent significantly more minutes in the moderate-to-vigorous portion of PA than their female counterparts. About 47% of boys were active on week days by achieve the mean value of 60 min/day of MVPA; corresponding percentage for the weekend was just 32%. Among girls, only 22% were active on week days and 29% at the weekend. MVPA was not significantly associated with the risk of being overweight nor in female neither in male children. The final regression model revealed that girls of mothers with high educational level were less likely to be classified as overweight girls. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed no significantly relation between MVPA and obesity risk among Portuguese children. Future research should extend similar design to other lifestyle features of children to clarify potential predictors of being overweight at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Nutrition, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Centre-Group of Sleep, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís P Mascarenhas
- UniCentro, Department of Physical Education, Midwestern Paraná State University, Brazil
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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MACHADO-RODRIGUES AM, RODRIGUES D, GAMA A, NOGUEIRA H, SILVA MR, MASCARENHAS LP, PADEZ C. Pediatric lifestyle and risk of obesity: the role of sedentary behaviour, daily physical activity, and eating patterns in 7-9 years-old children. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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8
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Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues A, Gama A, Nogueira H, Silva MRG, Padez C. The Portuguese economic crisis is associated with socioeconomic and sex disparities on children's health-related behaviors and obesity: A cross-sectional study. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23796. [PMID: 36070351 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the relationship between the 2008 and 2015 economic crisis and children's physical activity (PA) outcomes, eating behaviors and obesity prevalence, while considering sex inequalities and familial socioeconomic status. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study, including data collected in 2016/2017 among 5134 children aged 6-11 years (mean age: 8.11 ± 1.24; 50.0% boys). Children's height, weight, and waist circumference were objectively measured. Children's sleep- and screen-time, participation in organized sports, and specific dietary habits were reported parental-reported using a standardized questionnaire. An economic crisis impact score, with data from 10 indicators of economic needs in the family, was used to characterize the crisis' impact. RESULTS First, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in children whose families had a higher impact of the crisis. Second, children's intake of fruit and high-fat food, screen-time, sleep-time, and participation in organized sports differed according to the level of impact of the economic crisis. Third, the association between health-related behaviors and the impact of the economic crisis was stronger for girls compared to boys. CONCLUSION Our findings give us an indication of how economic crises may drive changes in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aristides Machado-Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, High School of Education, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Family socioeconomic status and childhood adiposity in Europe - A scoping review. Prev Med 2022; 160:107095. [PMID: 35594926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a considerable public health problem worldwide. In Europe, lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to higher childhood adiposity. This scoping review strives to discover, which SES indicators are the most commonly used and meaningful determinants of childhood adiposity (greater level of continuous adiposity indicator, e.g. body mass index z-score, or overweight or obesity categorized by established definitions). The review focused on studies about European general populations from the 21st century (January 2000-April 2021) considering children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. PubMed and reference lists of articles were searched in February-April 2021. Total of 53 studies with 121 association analyses between different SES indicators and adiposity indicators, were identified and reviewed. Different SES indicators were grouped to 25 indicators and further to six indicator groups. The most used indicator was mother's education (n of association analyses = 24) and the most used indicator group was parental education (n of association analyses = 51). Of all association analyses, 55% were inverse, 36% were non-significant, and 8% were positive. Composite SES (80%), parental education (69%) and parental occupation (64%) indicators showed most frequently inverse associations with obesity measures (i.e. lower parental SES associating with higher adiposity), while parental income (50% inverse; 50% non-significant) and property and affluence (42% inverse; 50% nonsignificant) indicators showed approximately even number of inverse and non-significant associations. Instead, majority of parental employment (60%) indicators, showed non-significant associations and 33% showed positive associations (i.e. higher parental SES associating with higher adiposity). Despite some variation in percentages, majority of the associations were inverse in each age group and with different outcome categorizations. In girls and in boys, non-significant associations predominated. It seems that children with parents of higher SES have lower likelihood of adiposity in Europe. Parents' employment appears to differ from other SES indicators, so that having an employed parent(s) does not associate with lower likelihood of adiposity. Positive associations seem to occur more frequently in poorer countries. Criteria for uniform childhood SES and adiposity measures should be established and used in studies in order to be able to produce comparable results across countries.
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10
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Rodrigues D, Machado‐Rodrigues AM, Nogueira H, Gama A, Silva M, Padez C. Repeated cross-sectional studies found sex inequalities in childhood obesity by socio-economic vulnerability. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1612-1614. [PMID: 35445446 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences University of Portugal Coimbra Portugal
| | - Aristides M. Machado‐Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- High School of Education Polytechnic Institute of Viseu Viseu Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria‐Raquel Silva
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences University Fernando Pessoa Porto Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences University of Portugal Coimbra Portugal
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11
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Rodrigues D, Carmo A, Gama A, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, Silva MR, Padez C. The Great Recession weighted on Portuguese children: A structural equation modeling approach considering eating patterns. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23692. [PMID: 34669227 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Further evidence on how the Great Recession was associated with childhood obesity is needed, particularly when the world is facing a new and severe economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores: (1) the direct association of the 2008's economic crisis with eating patterns and body mass index (BMI), among children, independently of their socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) the indirect association between the crisis and children's BMI, by using eating patterns as mediators. METHODS A sample of children (n = 8472, mean age: 7.17 years old, 50.8% male) was recruited in schools from the cities of Porto, Coimbra and Lisbon, Portugal. Children's height and weight were objectively measured; BMI was calculated. Other data were collected by a parental questionnaire. A structural equation modeling studied the associations between the economic crisis impact, eating patterns, and BMI; model was adjusted for SES. RESULTS Children in families that reported a greater impact of the economic crisis showed higher consumption of unhealthy food items and lower consumption of healthy foods, regardless of SES. Indirectly, children whose parents scored higher in the economic crisis impact had higher BMI mediated by a higher consumption of cakes/chocolates and lower intake of vegetables/salads. CONCLUSIONS The economic crisis was associated with higher BMI and unhealthy eating patterns. Efforts to promote healthy diets and weight are needed at a population level rather than for specific social classes, particularly in the face of a new economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ariene Carmo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Augusta Gama
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Rosado-Marques
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel Silva
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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[Weight status in the 6- to 9-year-old school population in Spain: results of the ALADINO 2019 Study]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:943-953. [PMID: 34304573 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION childhood obesity is a public health problem whose prevalence has grown steadily in recent decades. OBJECTIVE to describe the weight status of schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in Spain in 2019, and their associated factors. METHODS ALADINO is a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years, representative of the Spanish population, and aligned with the Child Obesity Surveillance Initative of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Participants' weight, height, and abdominal circumference were measured, defining weight status according to different standards (WHO, IOTF, and Orbegozo). A questionnaire on lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics was administered to parents. RESULTS a total of 16,665 schoolchildren from 276 schools were measured. Excess weight was observed in 40.6 %: 23.3 % overweight and 17.3 % obesity, with obesity being more prevalent in boys and overweight in girls, both increasing with age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 22.6 %. Excess weight decreased by 3.9 percentage points since 2011, mainly due to overweight in boys. Obesity remained stable. Excess weight was more prevalent in schoolchildren with less healthy eating and physical activity habits, and in families with a lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of excess weight is high, although it has declined since 2011 and remains stable since 2015 among schoolchildren aged 6-9 years in Spain, this reduction being mainly due to a decrease in overweight in children. It is necessary to continue promoting healthy habits from the earliest stages of life, thus reducing health inequalities.
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