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Xu Y, Fei X, Fu H, Chen A, Zhu X, Zhang F, Han Y. Upregulated expression of a TOR2A gene product-salusin-β in the paraventricular nucleus enhances sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats with chronic heart failure induced by coronary artery ligation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13987. [PMID: 37183727 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) promotes sympathetic hyperactivation in chronic heart failure (CHF). Salusin-β is a torsin family 2 member A (TOR2A) gene product and a cardiovascular active peptide closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine the roles of salusin-β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in modulating enhanced CSAR and sympathetic hyperactivation in rats with CHF induced by coronary artery ligation and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS CSAR was evaluated based on the responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to the epicardial administration of capsaicin in rats under anesthesia. RESULTS Salusin-β protein expression was upregulated in the PVN of the CHF compared with sham-operated rats. Salusin-β microinjection into the PVN dose-dependently increased MAP and RSNA and enhanced CSAR, while anti-salusin-β IgG exerted opposite effects. The effect of salusin-β was inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor but promoted by superoxide dismutase inhibitor. The effect of anti-salusin-β IgG was interdicted by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. Furthermore, chronic salusin-β gene knockdown in PVN attenuated CSAR, reduced sympathetic output, improved myocardial remodeling and cardiac function, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and ROS levels, and increased NO levels in the CHF rats. CONCLUSION Increased salusin-β activity in the PVN contributes to sympathetic hyperactivation and CSAR in CHF by inhibiting NO release and stimulating NAD(P)H oxidase-ROS production. Reducing endogenous central salusin-β expression might be a novel strategy for preventing and treating CHF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejie Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangjiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinrui Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Qi J, Fu LY, Liu KL, Li RJ, Qiao JA, Yu XJ, Yu JY, Li Y, Feng ZP, Yi QY, Jia H, Gao HL, Tan H, Kang YM. Resveratrol in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension by Regulation of ROS and Neurotransmitters. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194177. [PMID: 36235829 PMCID: PMC9573276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus in the brain that plays a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) not only protects cardiovascular function but also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the periphery. However, its role in the central regulation of hypertension remains unknown. It is hypothesized that SIRT1 activation by resveratrol may reduce SNA and lower blood pressure through the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotransmitters in the PVN. METHODS The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce renovascular hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, bilaterally injections of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL) or resveratrol (a SIRT1 agonist, 160 μmol/L, 0.4 μL) into rat PVN were performed for four weeks. RESULTS PVN SIRT1 expression was lower in the hypertension group than the sham surgery (SHAM) group. Activated SIRT1 within the PVN lowered systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. It was found that PVN of 2K1C animals injected with resveratrol exhibited increased expression of SIRT1, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), as well as decreased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), particularly NOX4. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased expression of ROS and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). CONCLUSION Resveratrol within the PVN attenuates hypertension via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway to decrease ROS and restore the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Rui-Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jin-An Qiao
- Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710002, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-2982657677 (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-2982657677 (Y.-M.K.)
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Knockdown of Salusin- β Improves Cardiovascular Function in Myocardial Infarction-Induced Chronic Heart Failure Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8896226. [PMID: 34422210 PMCID: PMC8373485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8896226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salusin-β is a biologically active peptide with 20 amino acids that exerts several cardiovascular activity-regulating effects, such as regulating vascular endothelial function and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the regulatory effects of salusin-β in myocardial infarction-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) are still unknown. The current study is aimed at investigating the effects of silencing salusin-β on endothelial function, cardiac function, vascular and myocardial remodeling, and its underlying signaling pathways in CHF rats induced by coronary artery ligation. CHF and sham-operated (Sham) rats were subjected to tail vein injection of adenoviral vectors encoding salusin-β shRNA or a control-shRNA. The coronary artery (CA), pulmonary artery (PA), and mesenteric artery (MA) were isolated from rats, and isometric tension measurements of arteries were performed. Compared with Sham rats, the plasma salusin-β, leptin and visfatin levels and the salusin-β protein expression levels of CA, PA, and MA were increased, while the acetylcholine- (ACh-) induced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of CA, PA, and MA was attenuated significantly in CHF rats and was improved significantly by salusin-β gene knockdown. Salusin-β knockdown also improved cardiac function and vascular and myocardial remodeling, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity, NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in arteries in CHF rats. The effects of salusin-β knockdown in CHF rats were attenuated significantly by pretreatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME. These results indicate that silencing salusin-β contributes to the improvement of endothelial function, cardiac function, and cardiovascular remodeling in CHF by inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-ROS generation and activating eNOS-NO production.
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Bian R, Gong J, Li J, Li P. Relaxin increased blood pressure and sympathetic activity in paraventricular nucleus of hypertensive rats via enhancing oxidative stress. Peptides 2021; 141:170550. [PMID: 33839220 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Relaxin, an ovarian polypeptide hormone, is found in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which is an important central integrative site for the control of blood pressure and sympathetic outflow. The aim of this study was to determine if superoxide anions modulate the effects of relaxin in the PVN. Experiments were performed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Relaxin mRNA and protein, and its receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) levels in PVN were 3.24, 3.17, and 3.64 times higher in SHRs than in WKY rats, respectively. Microinjection of relaxin-2 into the PVN dose-dependently increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) in both WKY rats and SHRs, although the effects on MAP (16.87 ± 1.99 vs. 8.97 ± 1.48 mm Hg in 100 nmol), RSNA (22.60 ± 2.15 vs. 11.77 ± 1.43 % in 100 nmol) and HR (22.85 ± 3.13 vs. 12.62 ± 2.83 beats/min in 100 nmol) were greater in SHRs. Oxidative stress level was enhanced after relaxin-2 microinjection into the PVN. Pretreatment with superoxide anion scavengers or NADPH oxidase inhibitor blocked, and superoxide dismutase inhibitor potentiated the effects of relaxin-2 on MAP, RSNA and HR. RXFP1 knockdown significantly attenuated the blood pressure of SHRs, and inhibited the increases of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin in the heart of SHRs. These results demonstrated that relaxin is expressed in the PVN, and contributes to hypertension and sympathetic overdrive via oxidative stress. Down-regulation of RXFP1 in the PVN could attenuate hypertension and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bian
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juexiao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Ji M, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Shi L, Zhou Z, Li Y. Targeting Hypertension: Superoxide Anions are Involved in Apelininduced Long-term High Blood Pressure and Sympathetic Activity in the Paraventricular Nucleus. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:455-464. [PMID: 31657686 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191023111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether apelin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) can be a therapeutic target for hypertension. BACKGROUND Apelin is a specific endogenous ligand of orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine how apelin chronically regulates sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in PVN of rats. METHODS Apelin and APJ antagonist F13A were infused into PVN with osmotic minipumps. The NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anions levels in PVN of rats were determined by chemiluminescence. RESULTS Infusion of apelin into PVN of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats induced chronic increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma norepinephrine (NE) level, maximal depressor response to hexamethonium (Hex), NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide anions levels, and Nox4 expression. Infusion of F13A into PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) caused chronic decreases in SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma NE level, maximal depressor response to Hex, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and superoxide anions levels. Hex, a sympathetic ganglion blocker, inhibited apelin-induced increases in SBP, DBP and MAP. SOD overexpression in PVN of SHRs inhibited the apelin-induced increase in SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma NE level, and maximal depressor response to Hex. PVN Nox4 knockdown also attenuated the apelin-induced increase in SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma NE level, and maximal depressor response to Hex. Chronic injection of F13A into PVN reduced fibrosis of renal artery, thoracic aorta, and heart in SHRs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that in PVN apelin induced long-term high blood pressure and sympathetic activity via increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Pediatric Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Q, Deng F, Zhu D. Superoxide anions modulate the effects of alarin in the paraventricular nucleus on sympathetic activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102021. [PMID: 32033788 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of the sympathetic activity and blood pressure in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The present study was designed to determine how alarin modulates the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the PVN, and whether superoxide anions regulate the effects of alarin in the PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Acute experiment was carried out with male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHRs under anesthesia. RSNA, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and MAP were measured. Alarin microinjection into the PVN increased RSNA (7.8 ± 1.8 vs. 14.8 ± 2.3%), SBP (5.9 ± 1.4 vs. 12.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), DBP (5.1 ± 0.8 vs. 10.0 ± 1.1 mmHg), and MAP (5.4 ± 1.2 vs. 10.7 ± 1.3 mmHg) in WKY rats and SHRs,. Alarin antagonist ala6-25 Cys decreased RSNA, SBP, DBP, and MAP in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of alarin. The alarin level was increased in the PVN of SHR compared to WKY rats. (29.7 ± 4.9 vs. 14.6 ± 2.4 pg/mg protein). PVN microinjection of superoxide anion scavengers tempol and tiron, or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, decreased RSNA, SBP, DBP, and MAP in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of alarin, but the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid potentiated the effects of alarin. Superoxide anions and NAD(P)H oxidase activity levels in the PVN were increased by alarin, but decreased by alarin antagonist ala6-25 Cys. The alarin-induced increases in superoxide anions and NAD(P)H oxidase activity levels were abolished by pre-treatment with ala6-25 Cys. The results suggest that alarin in the PVN increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. The enhanced activity of endogenous alarin in the PVN contributes to sympathetic activation in hypertension, and the superoxide anion is involved in these alarin-mediated processes in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Pediatric Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanxin Deng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Sun H, Zhang F, Xu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Du Q, Gu C, Black SM, Han Y, Tang H. Salusin-β Promotes Vascular Calcification via Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate/Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Klotho Downregulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1352-1370. [PMID: 31578871 PMCID: PMC6998059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Vascular calcification (VC) is a hallmark feature of cardiovascular disease and a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Salusin-β exerts cardiovascular regulating effects in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The present study was designed to examine the roles of salusin-β in the progression of VC and its downstream signaling mechanisms. Results: Salusin-β expression in both the aortas of VC rats induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) incubated with calcifying media was increased. Salusin-β knockdown remarkably reduced VC, whereas overexpression of salusin-β exacerbated VC both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of salusin-β promoted the VSMC osteochondrogenic transition, decreased Klotho protein levels, enhanced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activity and the translocation of p47phox to the membrane, increased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase subunits and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with or without calcifying media; however, salusin-β deficiency played the opposite roles. The calcification and downregulated Klotho protein levels induced by salusin-β were restored by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine, diphenyleneiodonium chloride [an inhibitor of flavin-containing enzyme, including NAD(P)H oxidase], or gene knockdown of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX)-2, p22phox, or p47phox but were not affected by NOX-1 and NOX-4 knockdown. Klotho knockdown attenuated the protective effect of salusin-β deficiency on VSMC calcification. By contrast, exogenous Klotho ameliorated the development of VC and ROS generation induced by salusin-β overexpression. Innovation: Salusin-β is a critical modulator in VC. Conclusion: Salusin-β regulates VC through activation of NAD(P)H/ROS-mediated Klotho downregulation, suggesting that salusin-β may be a novel target for treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenxin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Li Z, Xu B, Chen P, Yang X. Superoxide anions modulate the performance of apelin in the paraventricular nucleus on sympathetic activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Peptides 2019; 121:170051. [PMID: 30582943 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine how apelin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulates the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial blood pressure (ABP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), and whether superoxide anions regulate the performance of PVN apelin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Acute experiment was carried out with 13-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHRs under anaesthesia. RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR after PVN microinjection were measured. Apelin microinjection into PVN increased RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR in WKY rats and SHRs, more obviously in SHRs. APJ antagonist F13A decreased the RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of apelin. Apelin and APJ mRNA levels were higher in the PVN in SHRs. PVN microinjection of superoxide anion scavengers tempol and tiron, or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, decreased the RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of apelin, but the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) potentiated the effects of apelin. NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels in PVN were increased by apelin, but decreased by APJ antagonist F13A. The apelin-induced increases in NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion level were abolished by pre-treatment with F13A. These results indicate that apelin in PVN increases the sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via activating APJ receptor. The enhanced activity of endogenous apelin and APJ receptor in PVN contributes to sympathetic activation in hypertension, and the superoxide anion is involved in these apelin-mediated processes in PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengzhang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wang WJ, Jiang X, Gao CC, Chen ZW. Salusin-α mitigates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:283-290. [PMID: 31665937 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1683572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salusin-α is a bioactive peptide that protects against atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis. Serum salusin-α level is declined in patients suffering with renal insufficiency. However, it is still undefined whether salusin-α plays a role in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the potential roles of salusin-α in diabetic renal disease. Herein, we demonstrated that the salusin-α levels in both plasma and kidney tissues from diabetic rats were obviously downregulated. Exogenous administration of salusin-α eliminated the typical characteristics of diabetic nephropathy. Salusin-α treatment decreased renal fibrosis, which was related with reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Injection of salusin-α suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via attenuation of NADPH oxidase subunits protein expressions and recovery of the antioxidant system. Mechanistically, the activated Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy was counteracted by salusin-α treatment. Our results demonstrated that salusin-α exerted protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via reduced oxidative stress and fibrosis, dependent on inactivation of the Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling cascade. Salusin-α may be considered as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Chang-Chun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
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10
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Ding L, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Zhou H, Gao Q, Xiong XQ, Zhang F, Song TR, Yuan Y, Liu M, Zhu GQ, Zhou YB. Adipose afferent reflex is enhanced by TNFα in paraventricular nucleus through NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in obesity-related hypertensive rats. J Transl Med 2019; 17:256. [PMID: 31391086 PMCID: PMC6686415 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipose afferent reflex (AAR), a sympatho-excitatory reflex, can promote the elevation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP). Inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) involves sympathetic abnormality in some cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. This study was designed to explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the PVN on the AAR and SNA in rats with obesity-related hypertension (OH) induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. METHODS Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded in anesthetized rats, and their responses to capsaicin (CAP) stimulation of the right inguinal white adipose tissue were used to evaluate the AAR. RESULTS Compared to the control rats, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma norepinephrine (NE, indicating SNA) and TNFα levels, TNFα mRNA and protein levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN were significantly elevated in rats with OH. TNFα in the PVN markedly enhanced sympathoexcitation and AAR. Moreover, the enhancement of AAR caused by TNFα can be significantly strengthened by the pretreatment of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), a superoxide dismutase inhibitor, but attenuated by TNF-α receptor antagonist R-7050, superoxide scavenger PEG-SOD and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in rats with OH. Acute microinjection of TNF-α into the PVN significantly increased the activity of NADPH oxidase and ROS levels in rats with OH, which were effectively blocked by R-7050. Furthermore, our results also showed that the increased levels of ROS, TNFα and NADPH oxidase subunits mRNA and protein in the PVN of rats with OH were significantly reversed by pentoxifylline (PTX, 30 mg/kg daily ip; in 10% ethanol) application, a cytokine blocker, for a period of 5 weeks. PTX administration also significantly decreased SBP, AAR and plasma NE levels in rats with OH. CONCLUSIONS TNFα in the PVN modulates AAR and contributes to sympathoexcitation in OH possibly through NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation. TNFα blockade attenuates AAR and sympathoexcitation that unveils TNFα in the PVN may be a possible therapeutic target for the intervention of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tian-Run Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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11
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Gong J, Shen Y, Li P, Zhao K, Chen X, Li Y, Sheng Y, Zhou B, Kong X. Superoxide anions mediate the effects of angiotensin (1-7) analog, alamandine, on blood pressure and sympathetic activity in the paraventricular nucleus. Peptides 2019; 118:170101. [PMID: 31199949 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microinjection of alamandine into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increased blood pressure and enhanced sympathetic activity. The aim of this study was to determine if superoxide anions modulate alamandine's effects in the PVN. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in anaesthetized normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Microinjection of alamandine into the PVN increased MAP and RSNA in both WKY rats and SHRs, although to a greater extent in SHRs. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with an alamandine receptor (MrgD) antagonist D-Pro7-Ang-(1-7). Pretreatment with superoxide anion scavengers, tempol and tiron, and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (APO), also blocked the effects of alamandine on MAP and RSNA. In addition, pretreatment in the PVN with a superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) potentiated the increases of MAP and RSNA induced by alamandine administration, with a greater response observed in SHRs. Superoxide anions and NADPH oxidase levels in the PVN were higher in SHRs than that in WKY rats. Alamandine treatment increased the levels of superoxide anions and NADPH oxidase in WKY and SHRs, however, with greater effect in SHRs. These alamandine-induced increases were inhibited by D-Pro7-Ang-(1-7) pretreatment in the PVN of both rats. These results demonstrate that superoxide anions in the PVN modulate alamandine-induced increases in blood pressure and sympathetic activity in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Alamandine increases NADPH oxidase activity to induce superoxide anion production, which is mediated by the alamandine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexiao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuguan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Huang WH, Wu YF, Cong JM, Jiang X. Role of Different Blood Purification Nursing Models in Uremic Patients: A Preliminary Report. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6873-6881. [PMID: 30264774 PMCID: PMC6266723 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of uremic toxins is closely associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related complications such as cerebrovascular accidents and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical nursing is accepted as a critical clinical prognosis factor for hospitalized patients. The present study was designed to compare the effects of different blood purification nursing models on clinical outcomes in patients with uremia. Material/Methods A total of 68 patients with uremia were selected and divided to control and intervention groups. The patients in the control group received traditional nursing model care, while the patients in intervention group received comprehensive high-quality nursing care for 6 months. Results After 6 months of treatment, the quality of life, anxiety, and depression were obviously ameliorated in both groups. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), creatinine, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (ALB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-isoprostane, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all significantly improved in both groups of patients, but the intervention group exhibited better results than the control group. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that comprehensive high-quality nursing care rectified the metabolic disorders and inhibited systematic inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, which may be responsible for better amelioration of quality of life in patients with uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Feng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jin-Mei Cong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Blood Purification, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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13
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Soncrant T, Komnenov D, Beierwaltes WH, Chen H, Wu M, Rossi NF. Bilateral renal cryodenervation decreases arterial pressure and improves insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R529-R538. [PMID: 29847164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of food high in fructose is prevalent in modern diets. One week of moderately high fructose intake combined with high salt diet has been shown to increase blood pressure and failed to suppress plasma renin activity (PRA). We tested the hypothesis that the hypertension and high PRA are consequences of elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). In protocol 1, we assessed RSNA by telemetry in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats given 20% fructose or 20% glucose in drinking water on a 0.4% NaCl diet (NS) for 1 wk and then transitioned to a 4% NaCl diet (HS). After an additional week, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and RSNA increased significantly in fructose-fed but not glucose-fed HS rats. In protocol 2, fructose (Fruc)- or glucose (Glu)-fed rats on NS or HS diet for 3 wk underwent sham denervation (shamDNX) or bilateral renal denervation using cryoablation (cryoDNX). MAP was higher in Fruc-HS rats compared with Glu-NS, Glu-HS, or Fruc-NS rats and decreased after cryoDNX ( P < 0.01). MAP did not change in Fruc-HS shamDNX rats. Renal norepinephrine content decreased by 85% in cryoDNX ( P < 0.01 vs. shamDNX). PRA significantly decreased after cryoDNX in both Fruc-NS and Fruc-HS rats. Nonfasting blood glucose levels were similar among the four groups. Glucose-to-insulin ratio significantly increased in Fruc-HS cryoDNX rats, consistent with greater insulin sensitivity. Taken together, these studies show that renal sympathoexcitation is, at least in part, responsible for salt-dependent increases in MAP, increased PRA, and decreased insulin sensitivity in rats fed a moderately high fructose diet for as little as 3 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Soncrant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.,John D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan
| | - William H Beierwaltes
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.,Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Haiping Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Noreen F Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.,John D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Vaccarin protects human microvascular endothelial cells from apoptosis via attenuation of HDAC1 and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:371-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Lu QB, Sun J, Kang Y, Sun HJ, Wang HS, Wang Y, Zhu GQ, Zhou YB. Superoxide Anions and NO in the Paraventricular Nucleus Modulate the Cardiac Sympathetic Afferent Reflex in Obese Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010059. [PMID: 29280941 PMCID: PMC5796009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the hypothesis that the endogenous superoxide anions (O2−) and nitric oxide (NO) system of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributing to sympathoexcitation in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks. CSAR was evaluated by monitoring the changes of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to the epicardial application of capsaicin (CAP) in anaesthetized rats. In obese rats with hypertension (OH group) or without hypertension (OB group), the levels of PVN O2−, angiotensinII (Ang II), Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase were elevated, whereas neural NO synthase (nNOS) and NO were significantly reduced. Moreover, CSAR was markedly enhanced, which promoted the elevation of plasma norepinephrine levels. The enhanced CSAR was attenuated by PVN application of the superoxide scavenger polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and was strengthened by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) and the nNOS inhibitor N(ω)-propyl-l-arginine hydrochloride (PLA); conversely, there was a smaller CSAR response to PLA or SNP in rats that received a low-fat (12% kcal) diet. Furthermore, PVN pretreatment with the AT1R antagonist losartan or with PEG-SOD, but not SNP, abolished Ang II-induced CSAR enhancement. These findings suggest that obesity alters the PVN O2− and NO system that modulates CSAR and promotes sympathoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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16
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Chen ZW, Miu HF, Wang HP, Wu ZN, Wang WJ, Ling YJ, Xu XH, Sun HJ, Jiang X. Pterostilbene protects against uraemia serum-induced endothelial cell damage via activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:559-570. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Zhu X, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Cai W, Zhou Y, Sun H, Qiu L. Vaccarin administration ameliorates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:926-937. [PMID: 28681939 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic overdrive, activation of renin angiotensin systems (RAS), and oxidative stress are vitally involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. We recently identified that vaccarin protected endothelial cell function from oxidative stress or high glucose. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vaccarin attenuated hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) model rats were used, and low dose of vaccarin (10 mg/kg), high dose of vaccarin (30 mg/kg), captopril (30 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administrated. Herein, we showed that 2K1C rats exhibited higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular mass/body weight ratio, myocardial hypertrophy or fibrosis, media thickness, and media thickness to lumen diameter, which were obviously alleviated by vaccarin and captopril. In addition, both vaccarin and captopril abrogated the increased plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), norepinephrine (NE), and the basal sympathetic activity. The AT1R protein expressions, NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-2 protein levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased in myocardium, aorta, and mesenteric artery of 2K1C rats, both vaccarin and captopril treatment counteracted these changes in renovascular hypertensive rats. Collectively, we concluded that vaccarin may be a novel complementary therapeutic medicine for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The mechanisms for antihypertensive effects of vaccarin may be associated with inhibition of sympathetic activity, RAS, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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18
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β-Aminoisobutyric acid ameliorates the renal fibrosis in mouse obstructed kidneys via inhibition of renal fibroblast activation and fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Salusin-β contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2690. [PMID: 28333148 PMCID: PMC5386515 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salusin-β accelerates inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, and increases oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Plasma salusin-β levels were increased in diabetic patients. This study was designed to determine whether salusin-β is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and whether knockdown of salusin-β attenuates cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with DCM. H9c2 or neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with 33.3 mM of glucose to mimic the high glucose (HG) in diabetes. Streptozotocin and high-fat diet were used to induce type 2 diabetes in rats. HG induced salusin-β expression in H9c2 cells. Salusin-β caused greater responses of oxidative stress, NFκB activation and inflammation in HG-treated H9c2 cells than these in control H9c2 cells. Diphenyleneiodonium (a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor) or N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant) inhibited the salusin-β-induced NFκB activation and inflammation. Bay11-7082 (a NFκB inhibitor) attenuated salusin-β-induced inflammation but not oxidative stress. Knockdown of salusin-β prevented the HG-induced oxidative stress, NFκB activation and inflammation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Silencing salusin-β with adenoviruse-mediated shRNA had no significant effects on blood glucose and insulin resistance, but attenuated ventricular dysfunction in diabetic rats. Oxidative stress, NFκB activation, inflammation, salusin-β upregulation in myocardium of diabetic rats were prevented by knockdown of salusin-β. These results indicate that salusin-β contributes to inflammation in DCM via NOX2/ROS/NFκB signaling, and that knockdown of salusin-β attenuates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in DCM.
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20
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Underwood CF, Hildreth CM, Wyse BF, Boyd R, Goodchild AK, Phillips JK. Uraemia: an unrecognized driver of central neurohumoral dysfunction in chronic kidney disease? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:305-323. [PMID: 27247097 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a large cardiovascular burden in part due to hypertension and neurohumoral dysfunction - manifesting as sympathetic overactivity, baroreflex dysfunction and chronically elevated circulating vasopressin. Alterations within the central nervous system (CNS) are necessary for the expression of neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Uraemic toxins are a diverse group of compounds that accumulate as a direct result of renal disease and drive dysfunction in multiple organs, including the brain. Intensive haemodialysis improves both sympathetic overactivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in renal failure patients, indicating that uraemic toxins participate in the maintenance of autonomic dysfunction in CKD. In rodents exposed to uraemia, immediate early gene expression analysis suggests upregulated activity of not only pre-sympathetic but also vasopressin-secretory nuclei. We outline several potential mechanisms by which uraemia might drive neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD. These include superoxide-dependent effects on neural activity, depletion of nitric oxide and induction of low-grade systemic inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted superoxide production as an intermediate for the depolarizing effect of some uraemic toxins on neuronal cells. We provide preliminary data indicating augmented superoxide production within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the Lewis polycystic kidney rat, which might be important for mediating the neurohumoral dysfunction exhibited in this CKD model. We speculate that the uraemic state might serve to sensitize the central actions of other sympathoexcitatory factors, including renal afferent nerve inputs to the CNS and angiotensin II, by way of recruiting convergent superoxide-dependent and pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Underwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. M. Hildreth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - B. F. Wyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R. Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. K. Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - J. K. Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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21
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Cruz JC, Flôr AFL, França-Silva MS, Balarini CM, Braga VA. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Alter Sympathetic Activity During Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 26779026 PMCID: PMC4688401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains heterogeneous populations of neurons involved in autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation. The PVN plays an important role in the sympathoexcitatory response to increasing circulating levels of angiotensin II (Ang-II), which activates AT1 receptors in the circumventricular organs (OCVs), mainly in the subfornical organ (SFO). Circulating Ang-II induces a de novo synthesis of Ang-II in SFO neurons projecting to pre-autonomic PVN neurons. Activation of AT1 receptors induces intracellular increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Chronic sympathetic nerve activation promotes a series of metabolic disorders that characterizes the metabolic syndrome (MetS): dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hyperleptinemia and elevated plasma hormone levels, such as noradrenaline, glucocorticoids, leptin, insulin, and Ang-II. This review will discuss the contribution of our laboratory and others regarding the sympathoexcitation caused by peripheral Ang-II-induced reactive oxygen species along the subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. We hypothesize that this mechanism could be involved in metabolic disorders underlying MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane C Cruz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Atalia F L Flôr
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Camille M Balarini
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
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Neuronal and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Paraventricular Nucleus Modulate Sympathetic Overdrive in Insulin-Resistant Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140762. [PMID: 26485682 PMCID: PMC4613827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A central mechanism participates in sympathetic overdrive during insulin resistance (IR). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) modulate sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which influences the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular responses. The aim of this study was to explore whether the NO system in the PVN is involved in the modulation of SNA in fructose-induced IR rats. Control rats received ordinary drinking water, whereas IR rats received 12.5% fructose-containing drinking water for 12 wks to induce IR. Basal SNA was assessed based on the changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to chemicals administered to the PVN. We found an increased plasma norepinephrine level but significantly reduced NO content and neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein expression levels in the PVN of IR rats compared to Control rats. No difference in inducible NOS (iNOS) protein expression was observed between the two groups. In anesthetized rats, the microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, or Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-selective inhibitor of NOS, into the PVN significantly decreased and increased basal SNA, respectively, in both normal and IR rats, but these responses to SNP and L-NAME in IR rats were smaller than those in normal rats. The administration of selective inhibitors of nNOS or eNOS, but not iNOS, to the PVN significantly increased basal SNA in both groups, but these responses were also smaller in IR rats. Moreover, IR rats exhibited reduced nNOS and eNOS activity in the PVN. In conclusion, these data indicate that the decreased protein expression and activity levels of nNOS and eNOS in the PVN lead to a reduction in the NO content in the PVN, thereby contributing to a subsequent enhancement in sympathoexcitation during IR.
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23
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Ding L, Gao R, Xiong XQ, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. GABA in Paraventricular Nucleus Regulates Adipose Afferent Reflex in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136983. [PMID: 26317425 PMCID: PMC4552845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) induces adipose afferent reflex (AAR), and thereby causes a general sympathetic activation. Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is important in control of sympathetic outflow. This study was designed to investigate the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in PVN in regulating the AAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Experiments were carried out in anesthetized rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded. AAR was evaluated by the RSNA and MAP responses to electrical stimulation of the right epididymal WAT (eWAT) afferent nerve. Electrical stimulation of eWAT afferent nerve increase RSNA. Bilateral microinjection of the GABAA receptor agonist isoguvacine or the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen attenuated the AAR. The effect of isoguvacine on the AAR was greater than that of baclofen. The GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine enhanced the AAR, while the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP-35348 had no significant effect on the AAR. Bilateral PVN microinjection of vigabatrin, a selective GABA-transaminase inhibitor, to increase endogenous GABA levels in the PVN abolished the AAR. The inhibitory effect of vigabatrin on the AAR was attenuated by the pretreatment with gabazine or CGP-35348. Pretreatment with combined gabazine and CGP-35348 abolished the effects of vigabatrin. CONCLUSIONS Activation of GABAA or GABAB receptors in the PVN inhibits the AAR. Blockade of GABAA receptors in the PVN enhances the AAR. Endogenous GABA in the PVN plays an important role in regulating the AAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Run Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- * E-mail:
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