1
|
Zhang R, Jadhav DA, Kim N, Kramer B, Gonzalez-Vicente A. Profiling Cell Heterogeneity and Fructose Transporter Expression in the Rat Nephron by Integrating Single-Cell and Microdissected Tubule Segment Transcriptomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3071. [PMID: 38474316 PMCID: PMC10931557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is a crucial tool in kidney research. These technologies cluster cells based on transcriptome similarity, irrespective of the anatomical location and order within the nephron. Thus, a transcriptome cluster may obscure the heterogeneity of the cell population within a nephron segment. Elevated dietary fructose leads to salt-sensitive hypertension, in part, through fructose reabsorption in the proximal tubule (PT). However, the organization of the four known fructose transporters in apical PTs (SGLT4, SGLT5, GLUT5, and NaGLT1) remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that cells within each subsegment of the proximal tubule exhibit complex, heterogeneous fructose transporter expression patterns. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed rat kidney transcriptomes and proteomes from publicly available scRNAseq and tubule microdissection databases. We found that microdissected PT-S1 segments consist of 81% ± 12% cells with scRNAseq-derived transcriptional characteristics of S1, whereas PT-S2 express a mixture of 18% ± 9% S1, 58% ± 8% S2, and 19% ± 5% S3 transcripts, and PT-S3 consists of 75% ± 9% S3 transcripts. The expression of all four fructose transporters was detectable in all three PT segments, but key fructose transporters SGLT5 and GLUT5 progressively increased from S1 to S3, and both were significantly upregulated in S3 vs. S1/S2 (Slc5a10: 1.9 log2FC, p < 1 × 10-299; Scl2a5: 1.4 log2FC, p < 4 × 10-105). A similar distribution was found in human kidneys. These data suggest that S3 is the primary site of fructose reabsorption in both humans and rats. Finally, because of the multiple scRNAseq transcriptional phenotypes found in each segment, our findings also imply that anatomical labels applied to scRNAseq clusters may be misleading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Darshan Aatmaram Jadhav
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Najeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin Kramer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo Q, Liu Q, Tang K, Zhong B, Yang S, Li X. Phillyrin improves myocardial remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertensive mice by reducing endothelin1 signaling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae018. [PMID: 38447186 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prolonged exposure to chronic hypertension places the heart under excessive strain, resulting in myocardial remodeling. Phillyrin, derived from the natural plant Forsythia suspensa, has been found to possess cardioprotective properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of phillyrin in hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling in mice. METHODS We constructed a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension. The mice were treated with varying doses of phillyrin, and their blood pressure, cardiac function, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and other conditions were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Our research findings demonstrated that phillyrin has the potential to lower blood pressure, enhance cardiac function, and mitigate cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension mice. In hypertensive mice, there was an elevated expression of endothelin1 (ET-1) in heart tissue, which can be reduced by phillyrin. Additionally, phillyrin effectively reduced the hypertrophy of H9c2 cells induced by ET-1 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlights the therapeutic capabilities of phillyrin in the treatment of myocardial remodeling through the reduction of ET-1 signaling. These results contribute to the advancement of novel applications for phillyrin and establish a solid conceptual basis for future investigations in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingman Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Kecheng Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shengqian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, Department of Pharmaceutical, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, Department of Pharmaceutical, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dayton A, Almutlaq RN, Guntipally S, Ross J, Evans LC. T-cells regulate albuminuria but not hypertension, renal histology, or the medullary transcriptome in the Dahl SSCD247 +/+ rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F95-F104. [PMID: 37916287 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we took advantage of the loss of protection from hypertension in SSCD247-/- rats to characterize the pathological effects of renal T-cells in isolation from the confounding effects of elevated renal perfusion pressure. Male SSCD247-/- and SSCD247+/+ littermates were fed 4.0% NaCl (high salt) diet to induce hypertension. Blood pressure was assessed continuously throughout the time course with radiotelemetry. Urine albumin and protein excretion were assessed on the final day of high salt. Renal injury and medullary transcriptome were assessed after completion of the high salt protocol. In contrast to previous studies, mean arterial pressure was not significantly different between SSCD247-/- and SSCD247+/+ rats. Despite this lack of pressure difference, urinary albumin was significantly lower in SSCD247-/- rats than their wild-type littermates. In the outer medulla, substantially more transcriptomic changes were found to correlate with endpoint blood pressure than with the absence of presence of renal T-cells. We also demonstrated that renal histological damage was driven by elevated renal perfusion pressure rather than the presence of renal T-cells. In conclusion, using the loss of protection from hypertension in SSCD247-/- rats, we demonstrated that renal perfusion pressure has more profound pathological effects on the kidney than renal T-cells. However, renal T-cells, independently of blood pressure, modulate the progression of albuminuria.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In vivo studies in a T-cell-deficient rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension (SSCD247-/- rats) were used to evaluate the role of T-cells on the development of hypertension and renal damage. Detailed physiological and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated no difference in blood pressure between rats with (SSCD247+/+) or without (SSCD247-/-) T-cells. Despite this, albuminuria was significantly lower in SSCD247-/- rats than SSCD247+/+ rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dayton
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rawan N Almutlaq
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sridhatri Guntipally
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jaryd Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Namai-Takahashi A, Takahashi J, Ogawa Y, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15601. [PMID: 37958585 PMCID: PMC10649976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has anti-hypertensive and renal protective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ex on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Eight-week-old, male Dahl-S rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal-salt diet, sedentary (NS-Sed), (2) HS diet, sedentary (HS-Sed), and (3) HS-Ex. The NS and HS groups were fed a diet containing 0.6% and 8% NaCl, respectively. The HS-Ex group performed treadmill running for 8 weeks (5 days/week; 60 min/day at 16-20 m/min, 0% gradient). Renal function and the expression of enzymes and regulators of β-oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were assessed. HS increased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and Ex ameliorated these defects. HS also reduced creatinine clearance, and Ex ameliorated it. HS reduced the renal expression of enzymes of β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPTI) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs)) and the related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Ex restored this. HS also reduced the renal expression of enzymes in ETC complexes, and Ex restored this expression. Ex ameliorates HS-induced renal damage by upregulating enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC complexes via increases in PPAR-α and PGC-1α expressions in the kidneys of Dahl-S rats. These results suggest that Ex may have beneficial effects on HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junta Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiao Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Jiang Q. Gut microbiota and hypertension: a bibliometric analysis of recent research (2014-2023). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1253803. [PMID: 37899834 PMCID: PMC10602761 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1253803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases persist as the primary cause of mortality in the global population. Hypertension (HTN) is widely recognized as one of the most crucial risk factors contributing to severe cardiovascular conditions. In recent years, a growing body of research has highlighted the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota (GM) in addressing cardiovascular diseases, particularly HTN. Consequently, unraveling and synthesizing the connections between GM and HTN, key research domains, and the underlying interaction mechanisms have grown increasingly vital. Methods We retrieved articles related to GM and HTN from 2014 to 2023 using Web of Science. Bibliometric tools employed in this analysis include CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Result From 2014 to 2023, we identified 1,730 related articles. These articles involved 88 countries (regions) and 9,573 authors. The articles were published in 593 journals, with 1000 references exhibiting co-occurrence more than 10 times. The number of studies in this field has been increasing, indicating that it remains a research hotspot. We expect this field to continue gaining attention in the future. China leads in the number of published articles, while the United States boasts the most extensive international collaborations, signifying its continued prominence as a research hub in this domain. Tain You-Lin, Hsu Chien-Ning, Raizada Mohan K, and Yang Tao are among the authors with the highest publication volume. Publications in this field are frequently found in nutrition, cardiovascular, and molecular biology journals. The most frequently occurring keywords include metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and high-salt diet. Conclusion The relationship between GM and HTN is presently one of the most active research areas. By employing bibliometric tools, we analyzed critical and innovative articles in this field to provide an objective summary of the primary research directions, such as the relationship between GM and HTN, GM metabolites, high-salt diet, the developmental origins of health and disease, obstructive sleep apnea-Induced hypertension and antihypertensive peptide. Our analysis aims to offer researchers insights into hotspots and emerging trends in the field of GM and HTN for future research reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zunyi First People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zunyi First People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zunyi First People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianfeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Aerospace Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Faucon AL, Fu EL, Stengel B, Mazhar F, Evans M, Carrero JJ. A nationwide cohort study comparing the effectiveness of diuretics and calcium channel blockers on top of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on chronic kidney disease progression and mortality. Kidney Int 2023; 104:542-551. [PMID: 37330214 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown whether initiating diuretics on top of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) is superior to alternative antihypertensive agents such as calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For this purpose, we emulated a target trial in the Swedish Renal Registry 2007-2022 that included nephrologist-referred patients with moderate-advanced CKD and treated with RASi, who initiated diuretics or CCB. Using propensity score-weighted cause-specific Cox regression, we compared risks of major adverse kidney events (MAKE; composite of kidney replacement therapy [KRT], experiencing over a 40% eGFR decline from baseline, or an eGFR under 15 ml/min per 1.73m2), major cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke), and all-cause mortality. We identified 5875 patients (median age 71 years, 64% men, median eGFR 26 ml/min per 1.73m2), of whom 3165 started a diuretic and 2710 a CCB. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 2558 MAKE, 1178 MACE and 2299 deaths occurred. Compared to CCB, diuretic use was associated with a lower risk of MAKE (weighted hazard ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.97]), consistent across single components (KRT: 0.77 [0.66-0.88], over 40% eGFR decline: 0.80 [0.71-0.91] and eGFR under 15ml/min/1.73m2: 0.84 [0.74-0.96]). The risks of MACE (1.14 [0.96-1.36]) and all-cause mortality (1.07 [0.94-1.23]) did not differ between therapies. Results were consistent when modeling the total time drug exposure, across sub-groups and a broad range of sensitivity analyses. Thus, our observational study suggests that in patients with advanced CKD, using a diuretic rather than a CCB on top of RASi may improve kidney outcomes without compromising cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Faucon
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; INSERM UMR 1018, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Edouard L Fu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- INSERM UMR 1018, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Faizan Mazhar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Evans
- Division of Nephrology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan-Jesús Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty S, Lulla A, Cheng X, Yeo JY, Mandal J, Yang T, Mei X, Saha P, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Mell B, Jia W, Putluri V, Piyarathna DWB, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Meyer K, Vijay-Kumar M, Joe B. Conjugated bile acids are nutritionally re-programmable antihypertensive metabolites. J Hypertens 2023; 41:979-994. [PMID: 37071431 PMCID: PMC10158603 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the largest risk factor affecting global mortality. Despite available medications, uncontrolled hypertension is on the rise, whereby there is an urgent need to develop novel and sustainable therapeutics. Because gut microbiota is now recognized as an important entity in blood pressure regulation, one such new avenue is to target the gut-liver axis wherein metabolites are transacted via host-microbiota interactions. Knowledge on which metabolites within the gut-liver axis regulate blood pressure is largely unknown. METHOD To address this, we analyzed bile acid profiles of human, hypertensive and germ-free rat models and report that conjugated bile acids are inversely correlated with blood pressure in humans and rats. RESULTS Notably intervening with taurine or tauro-cholic acid rescued bile acid conjugation and reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomics uncovered altered energy metabolism following conjugation of bile acids as a mechanism alleviating high blood pressure. CONCLUSION Together this work reveals conjugated bile acids as nutritionally re-programmable anti-hypertensive metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Chakraborty
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Anju Lulla
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xi Cheng
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ji-Youn Yeo
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Juthika Mandal
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Tao Yang
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xue Mei
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Piu Saha
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katie Meyer
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mukherji ST, Brambilla L, Stuart KB, Mayes I, Kutz LC, Chen Y, Barbosa LA, Elmadbouh I, McDermott JP, Haller ST, Romero MF, Soleimani M, Liu J, Shapiro JI, Blanco GV, Xie Z, Pierre SV. Na/K-ATPase signaling tonically inhibits sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22835. [PMID: 36856735 PMCID: PMC10028530 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200785rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Through its classic ATP-dependent ion-pumping function, basolateral Na/K-ATPase (NKA) generates the Na+ gradient that drives apical Na+ reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule (RPT), primarily through the Na+ /H+ exchanger (NHE3). Accordingly, activation of NKA-mediated ion transport decreases natriuresis through activation of basolateral (NKA) and apical (NHE3) Na+ reabsorption. In contrast, activation of the more recently discovered NKA signaling function triggers cellular redistribution of RPT NKA and NHE3 and decreases Na+ reabsorption. We used gene targeting to test the respective contributions of NKA signaling and ion pumping to the overall regulation of RPT Na+ reabsorption. Knockdown of RPT NKA in cells and mice increased membrane NHE3 and Na+ /HCO3 - cotransporter (NBCe1A). Urine output and absolute Na+ excretion decreased by 65%, driven by increased RPT Na+ reabsorption (as indicated by decreased lithium clearance and unchanged glomerular filtration rate), and accompanied by elevated blood pressure. This hyper reabsorptive phenotype was rescued upon crossing with RPT NHE3-/- mice, confirming the importance of NKA/NHE3 coupling. Hence, NKA signaling exerts a tonic inhibition on Na+ reabsorption by regulating key apical and basolateral Na+ transporters. This action, lifted upon NKA genetic suppression, tonically counteracts NKA's ATP-driven function of basolateral Na+ reabsorption. Strikingly, NKA signaling is not only physiologically relevant but it also appears to be functionally dominant over NKA ion pumping in the control of RPT reabsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya T. Mukherji
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Luca Brambilla
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Kailey B. Stuart
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Isabella Mayes
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Laura C. Kutz
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, WI
| | - Leandro A Barbosa
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Elmadbouh
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Jeff P. McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering and Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Gustavo V. Blanco
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Sandrine V. Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costello HM, Juffre A, Cheng KY, Bratanatawira P, Crislip GR, Zietara A, Spires DR, Staruschenko A, Douma LG, Gumz ML. The circadian clock protein PER1 is important in maintaining endothelin axis regulation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:136-146. [PMID: 36450128 PMCID: PMC9992312 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide hormone that acts on its receptors to regulate sodium handling in the kidney's collecting duct. Dysregulation of the endothelin axis is associated with various diseases, including salt-sensitive hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Previously, our lab has shown that the circadian clock gene PER1 regulates ET-1 levels in mice. However, the regulation of ET-1 by PER1 has never been investigated in rats. Therefore, we used a novel model where knockout of Per1 was performed in Dahl salt-sensitive rat background (SS Per1 -/-) to test a hypothesis that PER1 regulates the ET-1 axis in this model. Here, we show increased renal ET-1 peptide levels and altered endothelin axis gene expression in several tissues, including the kidney, adrenal glands, and liver in SS Per1 -/- compared with control SS rats. Edn1 antisense lncRNA Edn1-AS, which has previously been suggested to be regulated by PER1, was also altered in SS Per1 -/- rats compared with control SS rats. These data further support the hypothesis that PER1 is a negative regulator of Edn1 and is important in the regulation of the endothelin axis in a tissue-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - G. Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Adrian Zietara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Lauren G. Douma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang L, Shimosawa T. Molecular Mechanisms of Na-Cl Cotransporter in Relation to Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common clinical disease with an increasing incidence, affecting 10 to 15% of the world's population. Hypertension is the most common and modifiable risk factor for preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. A survey from developed countries shows that 47% of hypertensive patients over the age of 20 have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), and the control rate is even lower in developing countries. CKD is both a common cause of uncontrolled hypertension and a risk factor for altered sequelae. In particular, studies have demonstrated that abnormal blood-pressure patterns in CKD patients, such as non-dipping-blood-pressure patterns, are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a region of the kidney, and although only 5-10% of the sodium (Na+) filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by DCT, most studies agree that Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in human, rabbit, mouse, and rat kidneys is the most important route of sodium reabsorption across the DCT for maintaining the homeostasis of sodium. The regulation of NCC involves a large and complex network structure, including certain physiological factors, kinases, scaffold proteins, transporter phosphorylation, and other aspects. This regulation network includes various levels. Naturally, cross-talk between the components of this system must occur in order to relay the important signals to the transporter to play its role. Knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NCC activation is critical for understanding and treating hypertension and CKD. Previous studies from our laboratory have investigated the mechanisms through which NCC is activated in several different models. In the following sections, we review the literature on the mechanisms of NCC in relation to hypertension in CKD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ou-Yang YN, Yuan MD, Yang ZM, Min Z, Jin YX, Tian ZM. Revealing the Pathogenesis of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats through Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:1076. [PMID: 36355159 PMCID: PMC9694938 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-induced renal metabolism dysfunction is an important mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension. Given that the gut-liver axis is the first hit of a high-salt diet (HSD), we aimed to identify the extra-renal mechanism from hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota, and attempted to relieve the salt-induced metabolic dysfunctions by curcumin. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the changes in hepatic metabolic pathways, and integrated analysis was employed to reveal the relationship between hepatic metabolic dysfunction and gut microbial composition. HSD induced significant increase in fumaric acid, l-lactic acid, creatinine, l-alanine, glycine, and l-cysteine levels, and amino acids metabolism pathways associated with glycolysis were significantly altered, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, which were involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that changes in Paraprevotella, Erysipelotrichaceae, and genera from Clostridiales are associated with metabolic disorders. Gene functional predication analysis based on 16S Ribosomal RNA sequences showed that the dysfunction in hepatic metabolism were correlated with enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and apoptosis in gut microbes. Curcumin (50 mg/kg/d) might reduce gut microbes-associated LPS biosynthesis and apoptosis, partially reverse metabolic dysfunction, ameliorate renal oxidative stress, and protect against salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-nan Ou-Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Meng-di Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | | | - Zhuo Min
- Department of Brewing Engineering, Moutai University, Renhuai 564500, China
| | - Yue-xin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhong-min Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng M, Xie Z, Zhang J, Li S, Wu Y, Yan X. Arctigenin Attenuates Vascular Inflammation Induced by High Salt through TMEM16A/ESM1/VCAM-1 Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2760. [PMID: 36359280 PMCID: PMC9687712 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is closely related to inflammation, but the mechanism is barely known. Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel in epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and sensory neurons. It can promote inflammatory responses by increasing proinflammatory cytokine release. Here, we identified a positive role of TMEM16A in vascular inflammation. The expression of TMEM16A was increased in high-salt-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), whereas inhibiting TMEM16A or silencing TMEM16A with small interfering RNA (siRNA) can abolish this effect in vitro or in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of VSMCs revealed some differential downstream genes of TMEM16A related to inflammation, such as endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) and CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16). Overexpression of TMEM16A in VSMCs was accompanied by high levels of ESM1, CXCL16, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We treated VSMCs cultured with high salt and arctigenin (ARC), T16Ainh-A01 (T16), and TMEM16A siRNA (siTMEM16A), leading to greatly decreased ESM1, CXCL16, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Beyond that, silencing ESM1, the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and CXCL16 was attenuated. In conclusion, our results outlined a signaling scheme that increased TMEM16 protein upregulated ESM1, which possibly activated the CXCL16 pathway and increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, which drives VSMC inflammation. Beyond that, arctigenin, as a natural inhibitor of TMEM16A, can reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of salt-sensitive hypertension mice and alleviate vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brostek A, Hong NJ, Zhang R, Forester BR, Barmore LE, Kaydo L, Kluge N, Smith C, Garvin JL, Gonzalez‐Vicente A. Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15489. [PMID: 36200315 PMCID: PMC9535342 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule fructose metabolism is key to fructose-induced hypertension, but the roles of sex and stress are unclear. We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt-sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7-8 days. FHS increased SBP in both males (Δ22 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.046) and females (Δ16 ± 3 mmHg; p < 0.0007), while neither GHS nor HS alone induced changes in SBP in either sex. The FHS-induced increase in SBP as measured by telemetry in the absence of added stress (8 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly lower than that measured by plethysmography (24 ± 5 mmHg) (p < 0.014). However, when BP was measured by telemetry simulating the stress of plethysmography, the increase in SBP was significantly greater (15 ± 3 mmHg) than under low stress (8 ± 1 mmHg) (p < 0.014). Moderate-stress also increased telemetric diastolic (p < 0.006) and mean BP (p < 0.006) compared to low-stress in FHS-fed animals. Norepinephrine excretion was greater in FHS-fed rats than HS-fed animals (Male: 6.4 ± 1.7 vs.1.8 ± 0.4 nmole/kg/day; p < 0.02. Female 54 ± 18 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6; p < 0.02). We conclude that fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension is similar in males and females unlike other forms of hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure depends in part on an augmented response of the sympathetic nervous system to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Brostek
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nancy J. Hong
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ronghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Beau R. Forester
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lauren E. Barmore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nicholas Kluge
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Garvin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Agustin Gonzalez‐Vicente
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionCleveland Clinic Glickman Urological & Kidney InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matsumoto T, Doi S, Nakashima A, Ike T, Sasaki K, Masaki T. Upregulation of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Contributes to Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7831. [PMID: 35887178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of rat kidneys is used as a model of acute kidney injury. Salt-sensitive hypertension occurs in rats after IRI, and the distal nephrons play important roles in the development of this condition. We investigated the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the progression of IRI-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. Fourteen days after right-side nephrectomy, IRI was induced by clamping the left renal artery, with sham surgery performed as a control. IRI rats were provided with normal water or water with 1.0% NaCl (IRI/NaCl), or they were implanted with an osmotic mini-pump to infuse vehicle or aldosterone (IRI/Aldo). Esaxerenone, a non-steroidal MR blocker (MRB), was administered to IRI/NaCl and IRI/Aldo rats for 6 weeks. MR expression increased by day 7 post-IRI. Blood pressure and urinary protein excretion increased in IRI/NaCl and IRI/Aldo rats over the 6-week period, but these effects were negated by MRB administration. The MRB attenuated the expression of the gamma-epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and renal damage. The ENaC inhibitor, amiloride, ameliorated hypertension and renal damage in IRI/NaCl and IRI/Aldo rats. Our findings thus showed that MR upregulation may play a pivotal role in ENaC-mediated sodium uptake in rats after IRI, resulting in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in response to salt overload or the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kravtsova O, Bohovyk R, Levchenko V, Palygin O, Klemens CA, Rieg T, Staruschenko A. SGLT2 inhibition effect on salt-induced hypertension, RAAS, and Na + transport in Dahl SS rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F692-F707. [PMID: 35466690 PMCID: PMC9142161 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00053.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the new mainstay of treatment for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the remarkable benefits, the molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on water and electrolyte balance are incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to determine whether SGLT2 inhibition alters blood pressure and kidney function via affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and Na+ channels/transporters along the nephron in Dahl salt-sensitive rats, a model of salt-induced hypertension. Administration of dapagliflozin (Dapa) at 2 mg/kg/day via drinking water for 3 wk blunted the development of salt-induced hypertension as evidenced by lower blood pressure and a left shift of the pressure natriuresis curve. Urinary flow rate, glucose excretion, and Na+- and Cl--to-creatinine ratios increased in Dapa-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. To define the contribution of the RAAS, we measured various hormones. Despite apparent effects on Na+- and Cl--to-creatinine ratios, Dapa treatment did not affect RAAS metabolites. Subsequently, we assessed the effects of Dapa on renal Na+ channels and transporters using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and patch clamp. Neither mRNA nor protein expression levels of renal transporters (SGLT2, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 2, Na+-Cl- cotransporter, and α-, β-, and γ-epithelial Na+ channel subunits) changed significantly between groups. Furthermore, electrophysiological experiments did not reveal any difference in Dapa treatment on the conductance and activity of epithelial Na+ channels. Our data suggest that SGLT2 inhibition in a nondiabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension blunts the development of salt-induced hypertension by causing glucosuria and natriuresis without changes in the RAAS or the expression or activity of the main Na+ channels and transporters.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study indicates that Na+-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition in a nondiabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension blunts the development and magnitude of salt-induced hypertension. Chronic inhibition of SGLT2 increases glucose and Na+ excretion without secondary effects on the expression and function of other Na+ transporters and channels along the nephron and hormone levels in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These data provide novel insights into the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and their potential use in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olha Kravtsova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruslan Bohovyk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao Y, Chu C, Yan Y, Wang D, Ma Q, Gao K, Sun Y, Hu J, Zheng W, Mu J. High Dietary Salt Intake Is Associated With Histone Methylation in Salt-Sensitive Individuals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857562. [PMID: 35571911 PMCID: PMC9097549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High salt diet is one of the important risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Increasingly strong evidence supports epigenetic mechanisms' significant role in hypertension. We aimed to explore associations of epigenetics with high salt diet, salt sensitivity (SS), and SS hypertension. Methods We conducted a dietary intervention study of chronic salt loading in 339 subjects from northern China in 2004 and divided the subjects into different salt sensitivity phenotypes. A total of 152 participants were randomly selected from the same cohort for follow-up in 2018 to explore the effect of a high-salt diet on serum monomethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me1), histone methyltransferase Set7, and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD-1). Results Among SS individuals, the blood pressure (SBP: 140.8 vs. 132.9 mmHg; MAP: 104.2 vs. 98.7 mmHg) and prevalence of hypertension (58.8 vs. 32.8%) were significantly higher in high salt (HS) diet group than in normal salt (NS) diet group, but not in the salt-resistant (SR) individuals (P > 0.05). Serum H3K4me1 level (287.3 vs. 179.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05) significantly increased in HS group of SS individuals, but not in SR individuals. We found daily salt intake in SS individuals was positively correlated with serum H3K4me1 (r = 0.322, P = 0.005) and Set7 (r = 0.340, P = 0.005) levels after adjusting for age and gender, but not with LSD-1 (r = -0.137, P = 0.251). In addition, positive correlation between the serum H3K4me1 level and Set7 level (r = 0.326, P = 0.007) was also found in SS individuals. These correlations were not evident in SR individuals. Conclusion Our study indicates that high salt diet increases the serum H3K4me1 and Set7 levels in SS individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ishimwe JA, Dola T, Ertuglu LA, Kirabo A. Bile acids and salt-sensitive hypertension: a role of the gut-liver axis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H636-H646. [PMID: 35245132 PMCID: PMC8957326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) affects 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive populations. Importantly, SSBP is associated with increased risk for mortality in both populations independent of blood pressure. Despite its deleterious effects, the pathogenesis of SSBP is not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests a novel role of bile acids in salt-sensitive hypertension and that they may play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and fluid volume homeostasis. Mechanistic evidence implicates alterations in the gut microbiome, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the farnesoid X receptor, and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 in bile acid-mediated effects on cardiovascular function. The mechanistic interplay between excess dietary sodium-induced alterations in the gut microbiome and immune cell activation, bile acid signaling, and whether such interplay may contribute to the etiology of SSBP is still yet to be defined. The main goal of this review is to discuss the potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease with a focus on salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thanvi Dola
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ryuzaki M, Miyashita K, Sato M, Inoue H, Fujii K, Hagiwara A, Uto A, Endo S, Oshida T, Kinouchi K, Itoh H. Activation of the intestinal tissue renin-angiotensin system by transient sodium loading in salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2022; 40:33-45. [PMID: 34285148 PMCID: PMC8654260 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal tissue renin-angiotensin system is known to be activated by salt loading in salt-sensitive rats; however, the response in other organs remains unclear. METHOD Spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to normal tap water or transient high-salt-concentration water from 6 to 14 weeks of age and were thereafter given normal tap water. From 18 to 20 weeks of age, rats given water with a high salt concentration were treated with an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, valsartan. RESULTS Sustained blood pressure elevation by transient salt loading coincided with a persistent decrease in the fecal sodium content and sustained excess of the circulating volume in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Administration of valsartan sustainably reduced the blood pressure and normalized the fecal sodium levels. Notably, transient salt loading persistently induced the intestinal tissue renin-angiotensin system and enhanced sodium transporter expression exclusively in the small intestine of salt-sensitive rats, suggesting the potential connection of intestinal sodium absorption to salt sensitivity. CONCLUSION These results reveal the previously unappreciated contribution of the intestinal tissue renin-angiotensin system to sodium homeostasis and blood pressure regulation in the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ryuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mary S, Boder P, Rossitto G, Graham L, Scott K, Flynn A, Kipgen D, Graham D, Delles C. Salt loading decreases urinary excretion and increases intracellular accumulation of uromodulin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2749-2761. [PMID: 34870708 PMCID: PMC8689196 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant renal protein secreted into urine by the thick ascending limb (TAL) epithelial cells of the loop of Henle. Genetic studies have demonstrated an association between UMOD risk variants and hypertension. We aimed to dissect the role of dietary salt in renal UMOD excretion in normotension and chronic hypertension. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) (n=8/sex/strain) were maintained on 1% NaCl for 3 weeks. A subset of salt-loaded SHRSP was treated with nifedipine. Salt-loading in SHRSP increased blood pressure (ΔSBP 35 ± 5 mmHg, P<0.0001) and kidney injury markers such as kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1; fold change, FC 3.4; P=0.003), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; FC, 2.0; P=0.012) and proteinuria. After salt-loading there was a reduction in urinary UMOD excretion in WKY and SHRSP by 26 and 55% respectively, compared with baseline. Nifedipine treatment reduced blood pressure (BP) in SHRSP, however, did not prevent salt-induced reduction in urinary UMOD excretion. In all experiments, changes in urinary UMOD excretion were dissociated from kidney UMOD protein and mRNA levels. Colocalization and ex-vivo studies showed that salt-loading increased intracellular UMOD retention in both WKY and SHRSP. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay among salt, UMOD, and BP. The role of UMOD as a cardiovascular risk marker deserves mechanistic reappraisal and further investigations based on our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheon Mary
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Philipp Boder
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Giacomo Rossitto
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lesley Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Kayley Scott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Arun Flynn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - David Kipgen
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chacko KM, Nouri MZ, Schramm WC, Malik Z, Liu LP, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Tempol Alters Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Lipid Content and Release While Reducing Blood Pressure during the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121804. [PMID: 34944449 PMCID: PMC8699083 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from an increase in blood pressure after high dietary salt intake is associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are known to increase the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and therefore, they have an indirect effect on sodium retention and increasing blood pressure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry various molecules including proteins, microRNAs, and lipids and play a role in intercellular communication and intracellular signaling in health and disease. We investigated changes in EV lipids, urinary electrolytes, osmolality, blood pressure, and expression of renal ENaC and its adaptor protein, MARCKS/MARCKS Like Protein 1 (MLP1) after administration of the antioxidant Tempol in salt-sensitive hypertensive 129Sv mice. Our results show Tempol infusion reduces systolic blood pressure and protein expression of the alpha subunit of ENaC and MARCKS in the kidney cortex of hypertensive 129Sv mice. Our lipidomic data show an enrichment of diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols and reduction in ceramides, dihydroceramides, and triacylglycerols in urinary EVs from these mice after Tempol treatment. These data will provide insight into our understanding of mechanisms involving strategies aimed to inhibit ROS to alleviate salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Chacko
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.M.C.); (W.C.S.); (Z.M.); (L.P.L.)
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.-Z.N.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Whitney C. Schramm
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.M.C.); (W.C.S.); (Z.M.); (L.P.L.)
| | - Zeeshan Malik
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.M.C.); (W.C.S.); (Z.M.); (L.P.L.)
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.M.C.); (W.C.S.); (Z.M.); (L.P.L.)
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.-Z.N.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.M.C.); (W.C.S.); (Z.M.); (L.P.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(352)-273-7877
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vlachovsky SG, Di Ciano LA, Oddo EM, Azurmendi PJ, Goette NP, Arrizurieta EE, Silberstein C, Ibarra FR. Ovariectomy and high salt increase blood pressure and alter sodium transport proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2107-2123. [PMID: 34320266 DOI: 10.1113/ep089553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? In a model of salt-sensitive hypertension in ovariectomized (oVx) adult Wistar rats, what is the expression of proteins related to sodium transport in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and how does the response of proteins to high sodium intake compare with changes in blood pressure in intact female rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Sodium transport proteins in PBMCs react to high sodium and blood pressure markedly differently in oVx versus intact female rats. Protein expression shows sodium and pressure sensitivity. Renal immune cells increase in oVx under high salt. ABSTRACT Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. High sodium consumption is associated with hypertension, and hypertensive mechanisms involve immunity cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are endowed with proteins related to sodium transport. We studied their abundance in PBMCs from intact (IF) or ovariectomized (oVx) adult Wistar rats under normal (NS) or high (HS) salt intake. Ovariectomy was performed at 60 days of life. At 145 days, one group of IF and oVx rats received NS or HS intake for 5 days. Another group of IF HS and oVx HS rats received hydralazine (HDZ) to reduce blood pressure (BP). Sodium balance and BP were recorded. Expression of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase (NKA), Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), dopamine D1 like receptor (D1DR), CD4+ and CD8+ were determined in PBMCs and CD45+ leukocytes in renal tissue. IF HS rats showed increased natriuresis and normal BP. NKA and CD4+ expression diminished in IF HS. Instead, oVx HS rats had sodium retention and high BP and increased the expression of NKA, NKCC1, D1DR, CD4+ and CD8+ in PBMCs. Renal CD45+ leukocytes increased in oVx HS rats. HDZ decreased BP in all rats. Upon HDZ treatment, NKA did not change, NKCC1 decreased in oVx HS rats, while SGK1 increased in both IF HS and oVx HS rats. Hormonal background determines BP response and the expression of proteins related to sodium transport in PBMCs and renal immune cells at HS intake. The analysis of NKA, NKCC1 and SGK1 expression in PBMCs differentiated salt-sensitivity from BP variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Vlachovsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Di Ciano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisabet M Oddo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Azurmendi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora P Goette
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elvira E Arrizurieta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Silberstein
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando R Ibarra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harada E, Sugino K, Aimoto M, Takahara A. Effects of the L/N-Type Ca 2+ Channel Blocker Cilnidipine on the Cardiac Histological Remodelling and Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation in High-Salt-Fed Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:707-713. [PMID: 33642455 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High salt intake has been shown to induce hypertrophy and fibrosis in the atria and ventricles, which could result in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whereas the development of AF is suggested to be prevented by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, recent findings have indicated that this prevention is closely associated with their antihypertensive effects. In this study, we investigated whether the L/N-type Ca2+ channel blocker cilnidipine counteracts salt-induced atrial and ventricular remodelling and the inducibility of AF. Cilnidipine was orally administered to Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed with an 8% NaCl diet at 10 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and then electrophysiological evaluation and histological analyses were performed. The effects were compared with those of the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker amlodipine at 3 mg/kg. Following the intake of the 8% NaCl diet, the blood pressure (BP) increased, and fibrosis was induced in the atria and ventricles. Cilnidipine decreased BP, and the extent of the decrease in the cilnidipine group was similar to those in the amlodipine group. Cilnidipine produced a greater decrease in the fibrotic area in the atria and ventricles than amlodipine. The cilnidipine group shortened the AF duration from 7.43 ± 3.16 to 2.95 ± 1.73 s, which had been increased by NaCl intake. Plasma noradrenaline levels in the cilnidipine group were lower than those in the amlodipine group. Thus, the suppressive effects of cilnidipine on the salt-induced atrial and ventricular remodelling, fibrosis, and AF sustainability might be closely associated with its N-type Ca2+ channel-blocking actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Harada
- Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc
| | - Kazumi Sugino
- Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc
| | - Megumi Aimoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Poulsen SB, Cheng L, Penton D, Kortenoeven MLA, Matchkov VV, Loffing J, Little R, Murali SK, Fenton RA. Activation of the kidney sodium chloride cotransporter by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol increases blood pressure. Kidney Int 2021; 100:321-335. [PMID: 33940111 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride-cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays an essential role in sodium and potassium homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that NCC activity is increased by the β2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol, a drug prevalently used to treat asthma. Relative to β1-adrenergic receptors, the β2-adrenergic receptors were greatly enriched in mouse DCT cells. In mice, administration of salbutamol increased NCC phosphorylation (indicating increased activity) within 30 minutes but also caused hypokalemia, which also increases NCC phosphorylation. In ex vivo kidney slices and isolated tubules, salbutamol increased NCC phosphorylation in the pharmacologically relevant range of 0.01-10 μM, an effect observed after 15 minutes and maintained at 60 minutes. Inhibition of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) 4.1 or the downstream with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs) and STE20/SPS1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) pathway greatly attenuated, but did not prevent, salbutamol-induced NCC phosphorylation. Salbutamol increased cAMP in tubules, kidney slices and mpkDCT cells (model of DCT). Phosphoproteomics indicated that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was a key upstream regulator of salbutamol effects. A role for PP1 and the PP1 inhibitor 1 (I1) was confirmed in tubules using inhibitors of PP1 or kidney slices from I1 knockout mice. On normal and high salt diets, salbutamol infusion increased systolic blood pressure, but this increase was normalized by thiazide suggesting a role for NCC. Thus, β2-adrenergic receptor signaling modulates NCC activity via I1/PP1 and WNK-dependent pathways, and chronic salbutamol administration may be a risk factor for hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren B Poulsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - David Penton
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Robert Little
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Sathish K Murali
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
A high amount of salt in the diet increases blood pressure (BP) and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in individuals with impaired renal sodium excretion. Small guanosine triphosphatase (GTP)ase Rho and Rac, activated by salt intake, play important roles in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension as key switches of intracellular signaling. Focusing on Rho, high salt intake in the central nervous system increases sodium concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid in salt-sensitive subjects via Rho/Rho kinase and renin-angiotensin system activation and causes increased brain salt sensitivity and sympathetic nerve outflow in BP control centers. In vascular smooth muscle cells, Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors and Rho determine sensitivity to vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), and facilitate vasoconstriction via G-protein and Wnt pathways, leading to increased vascular resistance, including in the renal arteries, in salt-sensitive subjects with high salt intake. In the vascular endothelium, Rho/Rho kinase inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and function, and high salt amounts further augment Rho activity via asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthetase, causing aberrant relaxation and increased vascular tone. Rho-associated mechanisms are deeply involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, and their further elucidation can help in developing effective protection and new therapies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu TH, Chen MH, Tu WQ, Liang QE, Tao WC, Jin Z, Xiao Y, Chen LG. Network and 16S rRNA Sequencing-Combined Approach Provides Insightal Evidence of Vitamin K 2 for Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Front Nutr 2021; 8:639467. [PMID: 33718421 PMCID: PMC7943625 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.639467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2 (VK2), found to act to treat hypertension, has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays. However, the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension have not been fully investigated. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension using network pharmacology and 16S rRNA sequencing strategy. The network pharmacology-based findings from KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that VK2-treated salt-sensitive hypertension was mechanically associated with the complement and coagulation cascades, calcium signaling pathway, renin–angiotensin system, etc. A total of 29 different bacteria in an animal experiment after VK2 supplementation were screened and functionally enriched using PICRUSt2. Additionally, 10 signaling pathways were identified in which the renin–angiotensin system was found to be the potential molecular mechanisms with the greatest change in multiple and statistical significance. Moreover, the results of the renin–angiotensin system-related protein expression exhibited VK2-inhibited renin–angiotensin system in salt-induced hypertensive mice, which significantly verified the previous biological and functional prediction analysis. Finally, spearman correlation analysis showed the different bacteria such as Dubosiella, Ileibacterium, etc., had a positive or negative correlation with renin–angiotensin system-related proteins in salt-induced mice. In conclusion, the potential molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension may be beneficially achieved by the specific inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system, contributing to the development for a new preventive strategy of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Liu
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hao Chen
- College of medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Qing Tu
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Er Liang
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cong Tao
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Chen
- College of Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahman A, Sawano T, Sen A, Hossain A, Jahan N, Kobara H, Masaki T, Kosaka S, Kitada K, Nakano D, Imamura T, Ohsaki H, Nishiyama A. Cardioprotective Effects of a Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2069. [PMID: 33669786 PMCID: PMC7922950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of esaxerenone, a novel, nonsteroidal, and selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, on cardiac function in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. We provided 6-week-old DSS rats a high-salt diet (HSD, 8% NaCl). Following six weeks of HSD feeding (establishment of cardiac hypertrophy), we divided the animals into the following two groups: HSD or HSD + esaxerenone (0.001%, w/w). In survival study, all HSD-fed animals died by 24 weeks of age, whereas the esaxerenone-treated HSD-fed animals showed significantly improved survival. We used the same protocol with a separate set of animals to evaluate the cardiac function by echocardiography after four weeks of treatment. The results showed that HSD-fed animals developed cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by reduced stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Importantly, esaxerenone treatment decreased the worsening of cardiac dysfunction concomitant with a significantly reduced level of systolic blood pressure. In addition, treatment with esaxerenone in HSD-fed DSS rats caused a reduced level of cardiac remodeling as well as fibrosis. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly reduced. These data indicate that esaxerenone has the potential to mitigate cardiac dysfunction in salt-induced myocardial injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Tatsuya Sawano
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; (T.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Anupoma Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Akram Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Nourin Jahan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (H.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (H.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Shinji Kosaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Kento Kitada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; (T.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan;
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.H.); (N.J.); (K.K.); (D.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ilyaskin AV, Korbmacher C, Diakov A. Inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by connexin 30 involves stimulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100404. [PMID: 33577799 PMCID: PMC7973139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking connexin 30 (Cx30) display increased epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the distal nephron and develop salt-sensitive hypertension. This indicates a functional link between Cx30 and ENaC, which remains incompletely understood. Here, we explore the effect of Cx30 on ENaC function using the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. Coexpression of human Cx30 with human αβγENaC significantly reduced ENaC-mediated whole-cell currents. The size of the inhibitory effect on ENaC depended on the expression level of Cx30 and required Cx30 ion channel activity. ENaC inhibition by Cx30 was mainly due to reduced cell surface ENaC expression resulting from enhanced ENaC retrieval without discernible effects on proteolytic channel activation and single-channel properties. ENaC retrieval from the cell surface involves the interaction of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 with PPPxY-motifs in the C-termini of ENaC. Truncating the C- termini of β- or γENaC significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of Cx30 on ENaC. In contrast, mutating the prolines belonging to the PPPxY-motif in γENaC or coexpressing a dominant-negative Xenopus Nedd4 (xNedd4-CS) did not significantly alter ENaC inhibition by Cx30. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of Cx30 on ENaC was significantly reduced by Pitstop-2, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or by mutating putative clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) recognition motifs (YxxФ) in the C termini of β- or γ-ENaC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Cx30 inhibits ENaC by promoting channel retrieval from the plasma membrane via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Lack of this inhibition may contribute to increased ENaC activity and salt-sensitive hypertension in mice with Cx30 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V Ilyaskin
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Korbmacher
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alexei Diakov
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Uijl E, Ren L, Mirabito Colafella KM, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Zlatev I, Kim JB, Huang S, Melton L, Hoorn EJ, Foster D, Danser AHJ. No evidence for brain renin-angiotensin system activation during DOCA-salt hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:259-274. [PMID: 33404046 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is thought to mediate deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, an animal model for human primary hyperaldosteronism. Here, we determined whether brainstem angiotensin II is generated from locally synthesized angiotensinogen and mediates DOCA-salt hypertension. To this end, chronic DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats were treated with liver-directed siRNA targeted to angiotensinogen, the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan, or the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (n = 6-8/group). We quantified circulating angiotensinogen and renin by enzyme-kinetic assay, tissue angiotensinogen by Western blotting, and angiotensin metabolites by LC-MS/MS. In rats without DOCA-salt, circulating angiotensin II was detected in all rats, whereas brainstem angiotensin II was detected in 5 out of 7 rats. DOCA-salt increased mean arterial pressure by 19 ± 1 mmHg and suppressed circulating renin and angiotensin II by >90%, while brainstem angiotensin II became undetectable in 5 out of 7 rats (<6 fmol/g). Gene silencing of liver angiotensinogen using siRNA lowered circulating angiotensinogen by 97 ± 0.3%, and made brainstem angiotensin II undetectable in all rats (P<0.05 vs. non-DOCA-salt), although brainstem angiotensinogen remained intact. As expected for this model, neither siRNA nor valsartan attenuated the hypertensive response to DOCA-salt, whereas spironolactone normalized blood pressure and restored brain angiotensin II together with circulating renin and angiotensin II. In conclusion, despite local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the brain, brain angiotensin II depended on circulating angiotensinogen. That DOCA-salt suppressed circulating and brain angiotensin II in parallel, while spironolactone simultaneously increased brain angiotensin II and lowered blood pressure, indicates that DOCA-salt hypertension is not mediated by brain RAS activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estrellita Uijl
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liwei Ren
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivan Zlatev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Jae B Kim
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don Foster
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Klemens CA, Staruschenko A. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology Collections: Hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1001-F1002. [PMID: 33166184 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00572.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Klemens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pavlov TS, Palygin O, Isaeva E, Levchenko V, Khedr S, Blass G, Ilatovskaya DV, Cowley AW, Staruschenko A. NOX4-dependent regulation of ENaC in hypertension and diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:13396-13408. [PMID: 32799394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000966rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the most abundant NOX isoform in the kidney; however, its importance for renal function has only recently emerged. The NOX4-dependent pathway regulates many factors essential for proper sodium handling in the distal nephron. However, the functional significance of this pathway in the control of sodium reabsorption during the initiation of chronic kidney disease is not established. The goal of this study was to test Nox4-dependent ENaC regulation in two models: SS hypertension and STZ-induced type 1 diabetes. First, we showed that genetic ablation of Nox4 in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat attenuated a high-salt (HS)-induced increase in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in the cortical collecting duct. We also found that H2 O2 upregulated ENaC activity, and H2 O2 production was reduced in both the renal cortex and medulla in SSNox4-/- rats fed an HS diet. Second, in the streptozotocin model of hyperglycemia-induced renal injury ENaC activity in hyperglycemic animals was elevated in SS but not SSNox4-/- rats. NaCl cotransporter (NCC) expression was increased compared to healthy controls, while expression values between SS and SSNox4-/- groups were similar. These data emphasize a critical contribution of the NOX4-mediated pathway in maladaptive upregulation of ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron in the conditions of HS- and hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengis S Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gregory Blass
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Turbeville HR, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Dent EL, Sasser JM. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways do not contribute to sex differences in renal injury and function in Dahl SS/Jr rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14440. [PMID: 32652814 PMCID: PMC7354091 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of hypertension in the United States is increasing and yields significant morbidity and mortality, and sex differences in hypertension are widely recognized. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury, and but their contributions to sex differences in injury progression of are undefined. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that male hypertensive rats have accelerated renal injury compared to females and to determine the contributions of the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in these differences. Male and female Dahl SS/Jr rats, a model that spontaneously develops hypertension with age, were allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 or 6 months of age, at which points blood pressure was measured and plasma, tissue, and urine were collected. While no significant sex differences in blood pressure were present at either time point, renal injury measured by urine protein excretion was more severe (male = 44.9 ± 6; female = 15±3 mg/day/100 g bw, p = .0001), and renal function was reduced (male = 0.48 ± 0.02; female = 0.7 ± 0.03 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p = .001) in males compared to females with age. Both male and female rats exhibited reduced nitric oxide metabolites (3 months: male = 0.65 ± 0.1; female = 0.74 ± 0.3; 6 months: male = 0.16 ± 0.1; female = 0.41 ± 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p, age = 0.02, p, sex = 0.3). Levels of urinary TBARS were similar (3 months: male = 20±1.5; female = 23±1.8; 6 months: male = 26±4.8; female = 23±4.7µM day g-1 kw, p, age = 0.4, p, sex = 0.9), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) mRNA was greater in females (3 months: male = 0.35 ± 0.03; female = 1.4 ± 0.2; 6 months: male = 0.4 ± 0.05; female = 1.3 ± 0.1 normalized counts, p, age = 0.7, p, sex < 0.0001), but EC SOD protein expression was not different (3 months: male = 0.01 ± 0.002; female = 0.01 ± 0.002; 6 months: male = 0.02 ± 0.004; female = 0.01 ± 0.002 relative density, p, age = 0.2, p, sex = 0.8). These data support the presence of significant sex differences in renal injury and function in the Dahl S rat and identify a need for further study into the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Turbeville
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Elena L. Dent
- Department Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hirohama D, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Marumo T, Shibata S, Fujita T. PGI 2 Analog Attenuates Salt-Induced Renal Injury through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Rac1-MR Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124433. [PMID: 32580367 PMCID: PMC7353033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation is known to be involved in salt-induced renal damage, leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aims to evaluate the role of inflammation in anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of beraprost sodium (BPS), a prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analog, in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Five-week-old male DS rats were fed a normal-salt diet (0.5% NaCl), a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), or a high-salt diet plus BPS treatment for 3 weeks. BPS treatment could inhibit marked proteinuria and renal injury in salt-loaded DS rats with elevated blood pressure, accompanied by renal inflammation suppression. Notably, high salt increased renal expression of active Rac1, followed by increased Sgk1 expressions, a downstream molecule of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signal, indicating salt-induced activation of Rac1-MR pathway. However, BPS administration inhibited salt-induced Rac1-MR activation as well as renal inflammation and damage, suggesting that Rac1-MR pathway is involved in anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of PGI2. Based upon Rac1 activated by inflammation, moreover, BPS inhibited salt-induced activation of Rac1-MR pathway by renal inflammation suppression, resulting in the attenuation of renal damage in salt-loaded DS rats. Thus, BPS is efficacious for the treatment of salt-induced renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5452-5057
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Center for Basic Medical Research at Narita Campus, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Shinshu University School of Medicine and Research Center for Social Systems, Nagano 389-0111, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Y, Liang M. Functional role of epigenetic regulation in the development of prenatal programmed hypertension. Kidney Int 2020; 96:10-12. [PMID: 31229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ishigami T, Kino T, Minegishi S, Araki N, Umemura M, Ushio H, Saigoh S, Sugiyama M. Regulators of Epithelial Sodium Channels in Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephrons (ASDN): Critical Roles of Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113871. [PMID: 32485919 PMCID: PMC7312533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a representative, reversible biological process of the post-translational modification of various proteins with multiple catalytic reaction sequences, including ubiquitin itself, in addition to E1 ubiquitin activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligase, deubiquitinating enzymes, and proteasome degradation. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is known to play a pivotal role in various molecular life phenomena, including the cell cycle, protein quality, and cell surface expressions of ion-transporters. As such, the failure of this system can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. This review article discusses Nedd4-2/NEDD4L, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in salt-sensitive hypertension, drawing from detailed genetic dissection analysis and the development of genetically engineered mice model. Based on our analyses, targeting therapeutic regulations of ubiquitination in the fields of cardio-vascular medicine might be a promising strategy in future. Although the clinical applications of this strategy are limited, compared to those of kinase systems, many compounds with a high pharmacological activity were identified at the basic research level. Therefore, future development could be expected.
Collapse
|
35
|
Polina I, Domondon M, Fox R, Sudarikova AV, Troncoso M, Vasileva VY, Kashyrina Y, Gooz MB, Schibalski RS, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Fitzgibbon WR, Ilatovskaya DV. Differential effects of low-dose sacubitril and/or valsartan on renal disease in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F63-F75. [PMID: 32463726 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00125.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diuretics and renin-angiotensin system blockers are often insufficient to control the blood pressure (BP) in salt-sensitive (SS) subjects. Abundant data support the proposal that the level of atrial natriuretic peptide may correlate with the pathogenesis of SS hypertension. We hypothesized here that increasing atrial natriuretic peptide levels with sacubitril, combined with renin-angiotensin system blockage by valsartan, can be beneficial for alleviation of renal damage in a model of SS hypertension, the Dahl SS rat. To induce a BP increase, rats were challenged with a high-salt 4% NaCl diet for 21 days, and chronic administration of vehicle or low-dose sacubitril and/or valsartan (75 μg/day each) was performed. Urine flow, Na+ excretion, and water consumption were increased on the high-salt diet compared with the starting point (0.4% NaCl) in all groups but remained similar among the groups at the end of the protocol. Upon salt challenge, we observed a mild decrease in systolic BP and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels (indicative of alleviated tubular damage) in the valsartan-treated groups. Sacubitril, as well as sacubitril/valsartan, attenuated the glomerular filtration rate decline induced by salt. Alleviation of protein cast formation and lower renal medullary fibrosis were observed in the sacubitril/valsartan- and valsartan-treated groups, but not when sacubitril alone was administered. Interestingly, proteinuria was mildly mitigated only in rats that received sacubitril/valsartan. Further studies of the effects of sacubitril/valsartan in the setting of SS hypertension, perhaps involving a higher dose of the drug, are warranted to determine if it can interfere with the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Polina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mark Domondon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rebecca Fox
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anastasia V Sudarikova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Miguel Troncoso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Valeriia Y Vasileva
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuliia Kashyrina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Monika Beck Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ryan S Schibalski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu XL, Zhang T, Xu ZQ, Ma XC, Wang ZJ, Zou CW, Li JX, Jing HY. High salt-induced weakness of anti-oxidative function of natriuretic peptide receptor-C and podocyte damage in the kidneys of Dahl rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:1182-1191. [PMID: 32433050 PMCID: PMC7249711 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its natriuretic peptide receptors A (NPR-A) and C (NPR-C) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological process of blood pressure. The present study aimed to determine the role of NPR-C in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS The Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats were used in this study. Animals were matched according to their age and weight, and then placed on either a high-salt (HS, 8%) or a normal-salt (NS, 0.4%) diet for 6 weeks randomly using random number table. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasmatic sodium concentration (PLNa), urinary sodium excretion (UVNa), and serum creatinine concentration (Scr) were measured. The concentration of ANP in blood and tissues (heart and kidney) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of ANP, NPR-A, and NPR-C in kidney was evaluated with western blot analysis. Regarding renal redox state, the concentration changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in kidney were detected by a spectrophotometric method. The kidney damage was evaluated using pathological techniques and the succinodehydrogenase (SDHase) examination. Furthermore, after an intra-peritoneal injection of C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)4-23 (C-ANP4-23), an NPR-C receptor agonist, the SBP, biochemical values in blood and urine, and renal redox state were evaluated. The paired Student's t test and analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test were performed for statistical analyses of the comparisons between two groups and multiple groups, respectively. RESULTS The baseline SBP in all groups was within the normal range. At the end of the 6-week experiment, HS diet significantly increased the SBP in DS rats from 116.63 ± 2.90 mmHg to 162.25 ± 2.15 mmHg (t = -10.213, P < 0.001). The changes of SBP were not significant in DS rats on an NS diet and DR rats on an NS diet or on an HS diet (all P > 0.05). The significant increase of PLNa, UVNa, and Scr related to an HS diet was found in both DS and DR rats (all P < 0.05). However, significant changes in the concentration (t = -21.915, P < 0.001) and expression of renal ANP (t = -3.566, P = 0.016) and the expression of renal NPR-C (t = 5.864, P = 0.002) were only observed in DS hypertensive rats. The significantly higher desmin immunochemical staining score (t = -5.715, P = 0.005) and mitochondrial injury score (t = -6.325, P = 0.003) accompanied by the lower SDHase concentration (t = 3.972, P = 0.017) revealed mitochondrial pathologic abnormalities in podocytes in DS rats with an HS diet. The distinct increases of MDA (t = -4.685, P = 0.009), lipofuscin (t = -8.195, P = 0.001), and Nox (t = -12.733, P < 0.001) but not NOS (t = -0.328, P = 0.764) in kidneys were also found in DS hypertensive rats. C-ANP4-23 treatment significantly decreased the SBP induced by HS in DS rats (P < 0.05), which was still higher than NS groups with the vehicle or C-ANP4-23 treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the HS-induced increase of MDA, lipofuscin, Nox concentrations, and Nox4 expression in DS rats was significantly attenuated by C-ANP4-23 treatment as compared with those with HS diet and vehicle injection (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the renal NPR-C might be involved in the salt-sensitive hypertension through the damage of mitochondria in podocytes and the reduction of the anti-oxidative function. Hence, C-ANP4-23 might serve as a therapeutic agent in treating salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hai-Yan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang L, Qi H, Liu Z, Peng WJ, Cao H, Guo CY, Sun YY, Pao C, Xiang YT. Construction of a ceRNA coregulatory network and screening of hub biomarkers for salt-sensitive hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7254-7265. [PMID: 32410228 PMCID: PMC7379024 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The regulation of long non-coding RNAs, mRNAs and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the pathogenesis of SSH is uncertain. An RNA microarray was performed to discover SSH-associated differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and 296 DElncRNAs and 44 DEmRNAs were identified, and 247 DElncRNAs and 44 DEmRNAs among these RNAs were included in the coexpression network. The coregulatory network included 23 ceRNA loops, and six hub RNAs (lnc-ILK-8:1, lnc-OTX1-7:1, lnc-RCAN1-6:1, GIMAP8, SUV420H1 and PIGV) were identified for further population validation. The ceRNA correlations among lnc-OTX1-7:1, hsa-miR-361-5p and GIMAP8 were confirmed in SSH and SRH patients. A larger-sample validation confirmed that GIMAP8, SUV420H1 and PIGV were differentially expressed between the SSH and SRH groups. In addition, SUV420H1 was included in the SSH screening model, and the area under the curve of the model was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.624-0.816). Our study explored the transcriptome profiles of SSH and constructed a ceRNA network to help elucidate the mechanism of SSH. In addition, SUV420H1 was identified as a hub element that participates in SSH transcriptional regulation and as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of SSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Science Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Pao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fehrenbach DJ, Dasinger JH, Lund H, Zemaj J, Mattson DL. Splenocyte transfer exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:864-875. [PMID: 32034948 DOI: 10.1113/ep088340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Recruitment of immune cells to the kidney potentiates hypertensive pathology, but more refined methods are needed to assess these cells functionally. Adoptive transfer studies of immune cells have been limited in rat models and especially in the study of salt-sensitive hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that splenocyte transfer into T-cell-deficient rats is sufficient to exacerbate salt-sensitive hypertension. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that transfer of splenocytes into T-cell-deficient animals exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension, and an enrichment in the CD4+ compartment specifically induces this phenomenon. ABSTRACT Increasing evidence of immune system activation during the progression of hypertension and renal injury has led to a need for new methods to study individual cell types. Transfer of immune cells serves as a powerful tool to isolate effects of specific subsets. Transfer studies in Rag1-/- mice have demonstrated an important role of T-cell activation in hypertension, but this approach has yielded limited success in rat models. Using the T-cell-deficient Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat, SSCD247-/- , we hypothesized that splenocyte transfer from SS wild-type animals into SSCD247-/- animals would populate the T-cell compartment. The Dahl SS background provides a model for studying salt-sensitive hypertension; therefore, we also tested whether the dietary salt content of the donor would confer differential salt sensitivity in the recipient. To test this, donors were maintained on either a low-salt or a high-salt diet, and at postnatal day 5 the recipients received splenocyte transfer from one of these groups before a high-salt diet challenge. We showed that splenocyte transfer elevated blood pressures while rats were fed low salt and exacerbated the salt-sensitive increase in pressure when they were fed fed high salt. Furthermore, transfer of splenocytes conferred exacerbated renal damage. Lastly, we confirmed the presence of T cells in the circulation and in the spleen, and that infiltration of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages and B cells, into the kidney was elevated in those receiving the transfer. Interestingly, the source of the splenocytes, from donors fed either a low-salt or a high-salt diet, did not significantly affect these salt-sensitive phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Augusta University and the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeylan Zemaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Augusta University and the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu C, Wang F, Chen Y, Xie S, Sng D, Reversade B, Yang T. ELABELA antagonizes intrarenal renin-angiotensin system to lower blood pressure and protects against renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1122-F1135. [PMID: 32174138 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00606.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that (pro)renin receptor (PRR)-mediated activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in renal handling of Na+ and water balance and blood pressure. The present study tested the possibility that the intrarenal RAS served as a molecular target for the protective action of ELABELA (ELA), a novel endogenous ligand of apelin receptor, in the distal nephron. By RNAscope and immunofluorescence, mRNA and protein expression of endogenous ELA was consistently localized to the collecting duct (CD). Apelin was also found in the medullary CDs as assessed by immunofluorescence. In cultured CD-derived M1 cells, exogenous ELA induced parallel decreases of full-length PRR (fPRR), soluble PRR (sPRR), and prorenin/renin protein expression as assessed by immunoblotting and medium sPRR and prorenin/renin levels by ELISA, all of which were reversed by 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Conversely, deletion of PRR in the CD or nephron in mice elevated Apela and Apln mRNA levels as well as urinary ELA and apelin excretion, supporting the antagonistic relationship between the two systems. Administration of exogenous ELA-32 infusion (1.5 mg·kg-1·day-1, minipump) to high salt (HS)-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats significantly lowered mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and albuminuria, accompanied with a reduction of urinary sPRR, angiotensin II, and prorenin/renin excretion. HS upregulated renal medullary protein expression of fPRR, sPRR, prorenin, and renin in Dahl SS rats, all of which were significantly blunted by exogenous ELA-32 infusion. Additionally, HS-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1), fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, FN, Col1A1, PAI-1, and TIMP-1), and kidney injury markers (NGAL, Kim-1, albuminuria, and urinary NGAL excretion) were markedly blocked by exogenous ELA infusion. Together, these results support the antagonistic interaction between ELA and intrarenal RAS in the distal nephron that appears to exert a major impact on blood pressure regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danielle Sng
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu Z, Chen Y. Effects of transient receptor potential channel 1 on cardiac fibrosis in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 33:1783-1788. [PMID: 31989806 DOI: 10.23812/19-126-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang J, Zhu J, Wei J, Jiang S, Xu L, Qu L, Yang K, Wang L, Buggs J, Cheng F, Tan X, Liu R. New Mechanism for the Sex Differences in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: The Role of Macula Densa NOS1β-Mediated Tubuloglomerular Feedback. Hypertension 2020; 75:449-457. [PMID: 31865794 PMCID: PMC7015450 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Females are relatively resistant to salt-sensitive hypertension than males, but the mechanisms are not completely elucidated. We recently demonstrated a decisive role of macula densa neuronal NOS1β (nitric oxide synthase β)-mediated tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) in the long-term control of glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion, and blood pressure. In the present study, we hypothesized that the macula densa NOS1β-mediated TGF mechanism is different between male and female, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism of salt-sensitive hypertension. We used microperfusion, micropuncture, clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin, and radio telemetry to examine the sex differences in the changes of macula densa NOS1β expression and activity, TGF response, natriuresis, and blood pressure after salt loading in wild-type and macula densa-specific NOS1 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, a high-salt diet induced greater increases in macula densa NOS1β expression and phosphorylation at Ser 1417, greater nitric oxide generation by the macula densa, and more inhibition in TGF response in vitro and in vivo in females than in males. Additionally, the increases of glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and sodium excretion in response to an acute volume expansion were significantly greater in females than in males. The blood pressure responses to angiotensin II plus a high-salt diet were significantly less in females than in males. In contrast, these sex differences in TGF, natriuretic response, and blood pressure were largely diminished in knockout mice. In conclusion, macula densa NOS1β-mediated TGF is a novel and important mechanism for the sex differences in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jinxiu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Larry Qu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jacentha Buggs
- Advanced Organ Disease & Transplantation Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Xuerui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vlachovsky SG, Sánchez DS, Di Ciano LA, Oddo EM, Azurmendi PJ, Silberstein C, Ibarra FR. [Female hormones in renal physiology. Salt sensitivity and regulation of epithelial proliferation]. Medicina (B Aires) 2020; 80:157-161. [PMID: 32282322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex hormones participate in the regulation of blood pressure and renal epithelial proliferation, effects not related to their reproductive function. About one-third of the world's population has abnormally high levels of blood pressure, hypertension, which is responsible for almost 50% of deaths from stroke and coronary heart disease. Salt sensitivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and other diseases as well. We reported a model of salt sensitive hypertension in adult ovariectomized (oVx) Wistar rats. oVx rats are normotensive under normal salt intake (NS, 0.24% NaCl), but upon a high salt intake (HS, 1% NaCl) oVx rats developed a blood pressure profile of salt-sensitive hypertension. Our studies on kidney molecules related to sodium balance found that the circuit dopamine D1-like receptor, cytochrome P450 4A and Na+, K+-ATPase is altered by the absence of ovary hormones which is accompanied by a reduced ability to excrete sodium. In oVx rats HS intake also promotes changes in the expression of proteins related to sodium transport in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mainly peripheral lymphocytes. Therefore, sodium transport is modified at several levels of normal physiology. Lately, we described that estradiol increases the rate of renal epithelial cell proliferation in primary cultures developed from human renal cortex. Thus, salt sensitivity, adaptive immunity, blood pressure and renal cell proliferation are complex biological responses regulated by female sex hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Vlachovsky
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Daiana S Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)- CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Di Ciano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisabet M Oddo
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Azurmendi
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Silberstein
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)- CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando R Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental y Bioquímica Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay)- CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manis AD, Palygin O, Khedr S, Levchenko V, Hodges MR, Staruschenko A. Relationship between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal Kir5.1 channels. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:2449-2461. [PMID: 31799617 PMCID: PMC8474144 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kir5.1 (encoded by the Kcnj16 gene) is an inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel highly expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron of the kidney, where it forms a functional channel with Kir4.1. Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels are responsible for setting the transepithelial voltage in the distal nephron and collecting ducts and are thereby major determinants of fluid and electrolyte distribution. These channels contribute to renal blood pressure control and have been implicated in salt-sensitive hypertension. However, mechanisms pertaining to the impact of K ir4.1/Kir5.1-mediated K+ transport on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) remain unclear. Herein, we utilized a knockout of Kcnj16 in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat (SSKcnj16-/-) to investigate the relationship between Kir5.1 and RAAS balance and function in the sensitivity of blood pressure to the dietary Na+/K+ ratio. The knockout of Kcnj16 caused substantial elevations in plasma RAAS hormones (aldosterone and angiotensin peptides) and altered the RAAS response to changing the dietary Na+/K+ ratio. Blocking aldosterone with spironolactone caused rapid mortality in SSKcnj16-/- rats. Supplementation of the diet with high K+ was protective against mortality resulting from aldosterone-mediated mechanisms. Captopril and losartan treatment had no effect on the survival of SSKcnj16-/- rats. However, neither of these drugs prevented mortality of SSKcnj16-/- rats when switched to high Na+ diet. These studies revealed that the knockout of Kcnj16 markedly altered RAAS regulation and function, suggesting Kir5.1 as a key regulator of the RAAS, particularly when exposed to changes in dietary sodium and potassium content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Manis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moreira JD, Chaudhary P, Frame AA, Puleo F, Nist KM, Abkin EA, Moore TL, George JC, Wainford RD. Inhibition of microglial activation in rats attenuates paraventricular nucleus inflammation in Gαi 2 protein-dependent, salt-sensitive hypertension. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1892-1910. [PMID: 31631436 PMCID: PMC6884700 DOI: 10.1113/ep087924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? We hypothesized that central inflammatory processes that involve activation of microglia and astrocytes contribute to the development of Gαi2 protein‐dependent, salt‐sensitive hypertension. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding is that PVN‐specific inflammatory processes, driven by microglial activation, appear to be linked to the development of Gαi2 protein‐dependent, salt‐sensitive hypertension in Sprague–Dawley rats. This finding might reveal new mechanistic targets in the treatment of hypertension.
Abstract The central mechanisms underlying salt‐sensitive hypertension, a significant public health issue, remain to be established. Researchers in our laboratory have reported that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) Gαi2 proteins mediate the sympathoinhibitory and normotensive responses to high sodium intake in salt‐resistant rats. Given the recent evidence of central inflammation in animal models of hypertension, we hypothesized that PVN inflammation contributes to Gαi2 protein‐dependent, salt‐sensitive hypertension. Male Sprague–Dawley rats received chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of a targeted Gαi2 or control scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and were maintained for 7 days on a normal‐salt (NS; 0.6% NaCl) or high‐salt (HS; 4% NaCl) diet; in subgroups on HS, intracerebroventricular minocycline (microglial inhibitor) was co‐infused with ODNs. Radiotelemetry was used in subgroups of rats to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) chronically. In a separate group of rats, plasma noradrenaline, plasma renin activity, urinary angiotensinogen and mRNA levels of the PVN pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL‐1β and IL‐6 and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 were assessed. In additional groups, immunohistochemistry was performed for markers of PVN and subfornical organ microglial activation and cytokine levels and PVN astrocyte activation. High salt intake evoked salt‐sensitive hypertension, increased plasma noradrenaline, PVN pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA upregulation, anti‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA downregulation and PVN‐specific microglial activation in rats receiving a targeted Gαi2 but not scrambled ODN. Minocycline co‐infusion significantly attenuated the increase in MAP and abolished the increase in plasma noradrenaline and inflammation in Gαi2 ODN‐infused animals on HS. Our data suggest that central Gαi2 protein prevents microglial‐mediated PVN inflammation and the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Moreira
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alissa A Frame
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franco Puleo
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayla M Nist
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Abkin
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonique C George
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Wainford
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Frame AA, Puleo F, Kim K, Walsh KR, Faudoa E, Hoover RS, Wainford RD. Sympathetic regulation of NCC in norepinephrine-evoked salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1623-F1636. [PMID: 31608673 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is characterized by inappropriate sympathoexcitation and renal Na+ reabsorption during high salt intake. In salt-resistant animal models, exogenous norepinephrine (NE) infusion promotes salt-sensitive hypertension and prevents dietary Na+-evoked suppression of the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC). Studies of the adrenergic signaling pathways that modulate NCC activity during NE infusion have yielded conflicting results implicating α1- and/or β-adrenoceptors and a downstream kinase network that phosphorylates and activates NCC, including with no lysine kinases (WNKs), STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and oxidative stress response 1 (OxSR1). In the present study, we used selective adrenoceptor antagonism in NE-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the differential roles of α1- and β-adrenoceptors in sympathetically mediated NCC regulation. NE infusion evoked salt-sensitive hypertension and prevented dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC mRNA, protein expression, phosphorylation, and in vivo activity. Impaired NCC suppression during high salt intake in NE-infused rats was paralleled by impaired suppression of WNK1 and OxSR1 expression and SPAK/OxSR1 phosphorylation and a failure to increase WNK4 expression. Antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors before high salt intake or after the establishment of salt-sensitive hypertension restored dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC, resulted in downregulation of WNK4, SPAK, and OxSR1, and abolished the salt-sensitive component of hypertension. In contrast, β-adrenoceptor antagonism attenuated NE-evoked hypertension independently of dietary Na+ intake and did not restore high salt-evoked suppression of NCC. These findings suggest that a selective, reversible, α1-adenoceptor-gated WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 NE-activated signaling pathway prevents dietary Na+-evoked NCC suppression, promoting the development and maintenance of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Frame
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franco Puleo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn R Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Faudoa
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yan Y, Wang J, Chaudhry MA, Nie Y, Sun S, Carmon J, Shah PT, Bai F, Pratt R, Brickman C, Sodhi K, Kim JH, Pierre S, Malhotra D, Rankin GO, Xie ZJ, Shapiro JI, Liu J. Metabolic Syndrome and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Polygenic Obese TALLYHO/JngJ Mice: Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143495. [PMID: 31315267 PMCID: PMC6678942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that Na/K-ATPase acts as a receptor for reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulating renal Na+ handling and blood pressure. TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice are believed to mimic the state of obesity in humans with a polygenic background of type 2 diabetes. This present work is to investigate the role of Na/K-ATPase signaling in TH mice, focusing on susceptibility to hypertension due to chronic excess salt ingestion. Age-matched male TH and the control C57BL/6J (B6) mice were fed either normal diet or high salt diet (HS: 2, 4, and 8% NaCl) to construct the renal function curve. Na/K-ATPase signaling including c-Src and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as protein carbonylation (a commonly used marker for enhanced ROS production), were assessed in the kidney cortex tissues by Western blot. Urinary and plasma Na+ levels were measured by flame photometry. When compared to B6 mice, TH mice developed salt-sensitive hypertension and responded to a high salt diet with a significant rise in systolic blood pressure indicative of a blunted pressure-natriuresis relationship. These findings were evidenced by a decrease in total and fractional Na+ excretion and a right-shifted renal function curve with a reduced slope. This salt-sensitive hypertension correlated with changes in the Na/K-ATPase signaling. Specifically, Na/K-ATPase signaling was not able to be stimulated by HS due to the activated baseline protein carbonylation, phosphorylation of c-Src and ERK1/2. These findings support the emerging view that Na/K-ATPase signaling contributes to metabolic disease and suggest that malfunction of the Na/K-ATPase signaling may promote the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in obesity. The increased basal level of renal Na/K-ATPase-dependent redox signaling may be responsible for the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in polygenic obese TH mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Muhammad A Chaudhry
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Ying Nie
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Shuyan Sun
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 50017, China
| | - Jazmin Carmon
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Preeya T Shah
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Fang Bai
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Rebecca Pratt
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Cameron Brickman
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Sandrine Pierre
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Z, Zhao J, Tian C, Chen X, Li H, Wei X, Lin W, Zheng N, Jiang A, Feng R, Yuan J, Zhao X. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Investigate the Mechanism of Lactulose in Negating the Effects of a High-Salt Diet on Hypertension. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800941. [PMID: 30825362 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-salt diets (HSDs) are widely considered to cause health problems such as gut microecological imbalances, constipation, and hypertension. This study explores how lactulose as a safe molecule can stimulate bodily responses to alleviate salt-sensitive hypertension by regulating the gut microbiotas of HSD-fed mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 weeks, the blood pressures of mice fed a high-salt plus lactulose diet (HSLD) are significantly lower than those of the HSD-fed mice. The HSD increases the abundances of Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut, while lactulose supplementation increases the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Subdoligranulum. Fecal metabolic profiling shows significant increases in metabolites involved in ATP-binding cassette transporter pathways, and tryptophan metabolism is significantly reduced in the HSLD group compared with the HSD group. Lactulose maintains the intestinal microenvironmental health in the HSD-fed mice by improving glycolipid metabolism, decreasing the small intestinal interleukin-17a (IL-17a) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) mRNA levels and serum IL-17a and IL-22 levels, relieving constipation, increasing fecal sodium, and reducing intestinal permeability. CONCLUSION Lactulose negates salt-sensitive hypertension. Regulating the gut microbiota is a potential treatment for salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Tian
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Naxin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ruo Feng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Regal JF, Laule CF, McCutcheon L, Root KM, Lund H, Hashmat S, Mattson DL. The complement system in hypertension and renal damage in the Dahl SS rat. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13655. [PMID: 29595916 PMCID: PMC5875537 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates the immune system is important in development of hypertension and kidney disease. In the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rat model, lymphocytes play a role in development of hypertension and kidney damage after increased sodium intake. Recent transcriptomic analyses demonstrate upregulation of the innate immune complement system in the kidney of Dahl SS rat fed a high-salt diet, leading us to hypothesize that inhibition of complement activation would attenuate development of hypertension and kidney damage. Male Dahl SS rats on a low salt (0.4% NaCl) diet were instrumented with telemeters for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Animals received saline vehicle (Control) or sCR1, a soluble form of endogenous Complement Receptor 1 (CR1; CD35) that inhibits complement activation. At Day 0, rats were switched to high salt (4.0% NaCl) diet and assigned to sCR1 (15 mg/kg per day) or Control groups with daily ip injections either days 1-7 or days 14-18. Urine was collected overnight for determination of albumin excretion. Treatment with sCR1, either immediately after high-salt diet was initiated, or at days 14-18, did not alter development of hypertension or albuminuria. The sCR1 dose effectively inhibited total hemolytic complement activity as well as C3a generation. High salt caused an increase in message for complement regulator Cd59, with minimal change in Crry that controls the C3 convertase. Thus, innate immune complement activation in the circulation is not critical for development of hypertension and kidney damage due to increased sodium intake, and therapeutic manipulation of the complement system is not indicated in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Connor F Laule
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Luke McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kate M Root
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shireen Hashmat
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nomura K, Hiyama TY, Sakuta H, Matsuda T, Lin CH, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Kuwaki T, Takahashi K, Matsui S, Noda M. [Na +] Increases in Body Fluids Sensed by Central Na x Induce Sympathetically Mediated Blood Pressure Elevations via H +-Dependent Activation of ASIC1a. Neuron 2018; 101:60-75.e6. [PMID: 30503172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in sodium concentrations ([Na+]) in body fluids elevate blood pressure (BP) by enhancing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). However, the mechanisms by which information on increased [Na+] is translated to SNA have not yet been elucidated. We herein reveal that sympathetic activation leading to BP increases is not induced by mandatory high salt intakes or the intraperitoneal/intracerebroventricular infusions of hypertonic NaCl solutions in Nax-knockout mice in contrast to wild-type mice. We identify Nax channels expressed in specific glial cells in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) as the sensors detecting increases in [Na+] in body fluids and show that OVLT neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated via acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) by H+ ions exported from Nax-positive glial cells. The present results provide an insight into the neurogenic mechanisms responsible for salt-induced BP elevations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nomura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeshi Y Hiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiraki Sakuta
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsui
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Research Center for Cell Biology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Beaini S, Saliba Y, Hajal J, Smayra V, Bakhos JJ, Joubran N, Chelala D, Fares N. VEGF-C attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9616-9630. [PMID: 30378108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for renal impairment leading to chronic kidney disease. High-salt diet leads to hypertonic skin interstitial volume retention enhancing the activation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within macrophages leading to vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) secretion and NOS3 modulation. This promotes skin lymphangiogenesis and blood pressure regulation. Whether VEGF-C administration enhances renal and skin lymphangiogenesis and attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be elucidated. Hypertension was induced in BALB/c mice by a high-salt diet. VEGF-C was administered subcutaneously to high-salt-treated mice as well as control animals. Analyses of kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and biochemical markers were performed in vivo. VEGF-C reduced plasma inflammatory markers in salt-treated mice. In addition, VEGF-C exhibited a renal anti-inflammatory effect with the induction of macrophage M2 phenotype, followed by reductions in interstitial fibrosis. Antioxidant enzymes within the kidney as well as urinary RNA/DNA damage markers were all revelatory of abolished oxidative stress under VEGF-C. Furthermore, VEGF-C decreased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and blood pressure as well as glomerular and tubular damages. These improvements were associated with enhanced TonEBP, NOS3, and lymphangiogenesis within the kidney and skin. Our data show that VEGF-C administration plays a major role in preserving renal histology and reducing blood pressure. VEGF-C might constitute an interesting potential therapeutic target for improving renal remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Beaini
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jules-Joel Bakhos
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Joubran
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Saint Georges Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dania Chelala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|