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Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Asano Y, Kodera M, Shirai Y, Akahoshi M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Kazuyoshi S, Motegi S, Yoshifuji H, Yoshizaki A, Kohmoto T, Takagi K, Oka A, Kanda M, Tanaka Y, Ito Y, Nakano K, Kasamatsu H, Utsunomiya A, Sekiguchi A, Niro H, Jinnin M, Makino K, Makino T, Ihn H, Yamamoto M, Suzuki C, Takahashi H, Nishida E, Morita A, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto M, Kondo Y, Goto D, Sumida T, Ayuzawa N, Yanagida H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Endo H, Shima Y, Kumanogoh A, Hirata J, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Koike Y, Tomizuka K, Yoshino S, Liu X, Ito S, Hikino K, Suzuki A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa O, Takehara K, Torii T, Sato S, Okada Y, Mimori T, Matsuda F, Matsuda K, Imoto I, Matsuo K, Kuwana M, Kawaguchi Y, Ohmura K, Terao C. OP0112 THE EVER-LARGEST ASIAN GWAS FOR SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND TRANS-POPULATION META-ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED SEVEN NOVEL LOCI AND A CANDIDATE CAUSAL SNP IN A CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENT OF THE FCGR REGION. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 29 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) in non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions (1-7). While these GWASs have clarified genetic architectures of SSc, study subjects were mainly Caucasians limiting application of the findings to Asians.ObjectivesThe study was conducted to identify novel causal variants for SSc specific to Japanese subjects as well as those shared with European population. We also aimed to clarify mechanistic effects of the variants on pathogenesis of SSc.MethodsA total of 114,108 subjects comprising 1,499 cases and 112,609 controls were enrolled in the two-staged study leading to the ever-largest Asian GWAS for SSc. After applying a strict quality control both for genotype and samples, imputation was conducted using the reference panel of the phase 3v5 1,000 genome project data combined with a high-depth whole-genome sequence data of 3,256 Japanese subjects. We conducted logistic regression analyses and also combined the Japanese GWAS results with those of Europeans (6) by an inverse-variance fixed-effect model. Polygenicity and enrichment of functional annotations were evaluated by linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), Haploreg and IMPACT programs. We also constructed polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict SSc development.ResultsWe identified three (FCRLA-FCGR, TNFAIP3, PLD4) and four (EOMES, ESR1, SLC12A5, TPI1P2) novel loci in Japanese GWAS and a trans-population meta-analysis, respectively. One of Japanese novel risk SNPs, rs6697139, located within FCGR gene clusters had a strong effect size (OR 2.05, P=4.9×10-11). We also found the complete LD variant, rs10917688, was positioned in cis-regulatory element and binding motif for an immunomodulatory transcription factor IRF8 in B cells, another genome-wide significant locus in our trans-ethnic meta-analysis and the previous European GWAS. Notably, the association of risk allele of rs10917688 was significant only in the presence of the risk allele of the IRF8. Intriguingly, rs10917688 was annotated as one enhancer-related histone marks, H3K4me1, in B cells, implying that FCGR gene(s) in B cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Furhtermore, significant heritability enrichment of active histone marks and a transcription factor C-Myc were found in B cells both in European and Japanese populations by LDSC and IMPACT, highlighting a possibility of a shared disease mechanism where abnormal B-cell activation may be one of the key drivers for the disease development. Finally, PRS using effects sizes of European GWAS moderately fit in the development of Japanese SSc (AUC 0.593), paving a path to personalized medicine for SSc.ConclusionOur study identified seven novel susceptibility loci in SSc. Downstream analyses highlighted a novel disease mechanism of SSc where an interactive role of FCGR gene(s) and IRF8 may accelerate the disease development and B cells may play a key role on the pathogenesis of SSc.References[1]F. C. Arnett et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010.[2]T. R. Radstake et al. Nat Genet, 2010.[3]Y. Allanore et al. PLoS Genet, 2011.[4]O. Gorlova et al. PLoS Genet, 2011.[5]C. Terao et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2017.[6]E. López-Isac et al. Nat Commun, 2019.[7]W. Pu et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2021.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Hirohama D, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Kawarazaki W, Fujii W, Oba S, Shibata S, Marumo T, Fujita T. Activation of Rac1-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Pathway Contributes to Renal Injury in Salt-Loaded db/db Mice. Hypertension 2021; 78:82-93. [PMID: 34058848 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.).,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D.H., W.F., S.S.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.).,Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.N.)
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.)
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.)
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D.H., W.F., S.S.)
| | - Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.)
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.).,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D.H., W.F., S.S.)
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.).,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (D.H., M.N., N.A., W.K., S.O., S.S., T.M., T.F.).,Shinshu University School of Medicine (T.F.), Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Research Center for Social Systems (T.F.), Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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Kawarazaki W, Mizuno R, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Hirohama D, Ueda K, Kawakami-Mori F, Oba S, Marumo T, Fujita T. Salt causes aging-associated hypertension via vascular Wnt5a under Klotho deficiency. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4152-4166. [PMID: 32597829 DOI: 10.1172/jci134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a high prevalence of hypertension due to elevated susceptibility of BP to dietary salt, but its mechanism is unknown. Serum levels of Klotho, an anti-aging factor, decline with age. We found that high salt (HS) increased BP in aged mice and young heterozygous Klotho-knockout mice and was associated with increased vascular expression of Wnt5a and p-MYPT1, which indicate RhoA activity. Not only the Wnt inhibitor LGK974 and the Wnt5a antagonist Box5 but Klotho supplementation inhibits HS-induced BP elevation, similarly to the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, associated with reduced p-MYPT1 expression in both groups of mice. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, Wnt5a and angiotensin II (Ang II) increased p-MYPT1 expression but knockdown of Wnt5a with siRNA abolished Ang II-induced upregulation of p-MYPT1, indicating that Wnt5a is indispensable for Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activation. Notably, Klotho inhibited Wnt5a- and Ang II-induced upregulation of p-MYPT1. Consistently, Klotho supplementation ameliorated HS-induced augmentation of reduced renal blood flow (RBF) response to intra-arterial infusion of Ang II and the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, which activated RhoA in both groups of mice and were associated with the inhibition of BP elevation, suggesting that abnormal response of RBF to Ang II contributes to HS-induced BP elevation. Thus, Klotho deficiency underlies aging-associated salt-sensitive hypertension through vascular non-canonical Wnt5a/RhoA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risuke Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kawakami-Mori
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Shinshu University School of Medicine and.,Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Abstract
Hypertension and its comorbidities pose a major public health problem associated with disease-associated factors related to a modern lifestyle, such high salt intake or obesity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aldosterone and its receptor, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), have crucial roles in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and coexisting cardiovascular and renal injuries. Accordingly, clinical trials have repetitively shown the promising effects of MR blockers in these diseases. We and other researchers have identified novel mechanisms of MR activation involved in salt-sensitive hypertension and renal injury, including the obesity-derived overproduction of aldosterone and ligand-independent signaling. Moreover, recent advances in the analysis of cell-specific and context-dependent mechanisms of MR activation in various tissues-including a classic target of aldosterone, aldosterone-sensitive distal nephrons-are now providing new insights. In this review, we summarize recent updates to our understanding of aldosterone-MR signaling, focusing on its role in salt-sensitive hypertension and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan,Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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Marumo T, Hoshino J, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Hirohama D, Yamanouchi M, Ubara Y, Okaneya T, Fujii T, Yuki K, Atsumi Y, Sato A, Arai E, Kanai Y, Shimosawa T, Fujita T. Methylation pattern of urinary DNA as a marker of kidney function decline in diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e001501. [PMID: 32883689 PMCID: PMC7473659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal tubular injury contributes to the decline in kidney function in patients with diabetes. Cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns have been used to calculate proportions of particular cell types. In this study, we developed a method to detect renal tubular injury in patients with diabetes by detecting exfoliated tubular cells shed into the urine based on tubular cell-specific DNA methylation patterns. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified DNA methylation patterns specific for human renal proximal tubular cells through compartment-specific methylome analysis. We next determined the methylation levels of proximal tubule-specific loci in urine sediment of patients with diabetes and analyzed correlation with clinical variables. RESULTS We identified genomic loci in SMTNL2 and G6PC to be selectively unmethylated in human proximal tubular cells. The methylation levels of SMTNL2 and G6PC in urine sediment, deemed to reflect the proportion of exfoliated proximal tubular cells due to injury, correlated well with each other. Methylation levels of SMTNL2 in urine sediment significantly correlated with the annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, addition of urinary SMTNL2 methylation to a model containing known risk factors significantly improved discrimination of patients with diabetes with faster estimated glomerular filtration rate decline. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that patients with diabetes with continual loss in kidney function may be stratified by a specific DNA methylation signature through epigenetic urinalysis and provides further evidence at the level of exfoliated cells in the urine that injury of proximal tubular cells may contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshifumi Ubara
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yuki
- Diabetes Center, Eiju General Hospital, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsuhisa Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Minata-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Arai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang C, Kawakami-Mori F, Kang L, Ayuzawa N, Ogura S, Koid SS, Reheman L, Yeerbolati A, Liu B, Yatomi Y, Chen X, Fujita T, Shimosawa T. Low-dose L-NAME induces salt sensitivity associated with sustained increased blood volume and sodium-chloride cotransporter activity in rodents. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1242-1252. [PMID: 32592815 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cause of salt sensitivity in a normotensive animal model, we treated rats with a low-dose of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, that does not elevate blood pressure per se or induce kidney fibrosis. A high salt diet increased the circulating blood volume both in L-NAME-treated and nontreated animals for the first 24 hours. Thereafter, the blood volume increase persisted only in the L-NAME-treated rats. Blood pressure was higher in the L-NAME-treated group from the start of high salt diet exposure. Within the first 24 hours of salt loading, the L-NAME treated animals failed to show vasodilation and maintained high systemic vascular resistance in response to blood volume expansion. After four weeks on the high salt diet, the slope of the pressure-natriuresis curve was blunted in the L-NAME-treated group. An increase in natriuresis was observed after treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, but not amiloride, a change observed in parallel with increased phosphorylated sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC). In contrast, a change in blood pressure was not observed in L-NAME-treated NCC-deficient mice fed a high salt diet. Moreover, direct L-NAME-induced NCC activation was demonstrated in cells of the mouse distal convoluted tubule. The vasodilatator, sodium nitroprusside, downregulated phosphorylated NCC expression. The effect of L-NAME on phosphorylated NCC was blocked by both the SPAK inhibitor STOCK2S-26016 and the superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPO which also attenuated salt-induced hypertension. These results suggest that the initiation of salt sensitivity in normotensive rodents could be due to hyporeactivity of the vasculature and that maintaining blood pressure could result in a high circulating volume due to inappropriate NCC activity in the low-dose L-NAME model. Thus, even slightly impaired nitric oxide production may be important in salt sensitivity regulation in healthy rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kawakami-Mori
- Department of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advancing Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Department of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advancing Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Ogura
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suang Suang Koid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Latapati Reheman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alimila Yeerbolati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advancing Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hirohama D, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Marumo T, Shibata S, Fujita T. PGI 2 Analog Attenuates Salt-Induced Renal Injury through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Rac1-MR Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124433. [PMID: 32580367 PMCID: PMC7353033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation is known to be involved in salt-induced renal damage, leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aims to evaluate the role of inflammation in anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of beraprost sodium (BPS), a prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analog, in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Five-week-old male DS rats were fed a normal-salt diet (0.5% NaCl), a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), or a high-salt diet plus BPS treatment for 3 weeks. BPS treatment could inhibit marked proteinuria and renal injury in salt-loaded DS rats with elevated blood pressure, accompanied by renal inflammation suppression. Notably, high salt increased renal expression of active Rac1, followed by increased Sgk1 expressions, a downstream molecule of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signal, indicating salt-induced activation of Rac1-MR pathway. However, BPS administration inhibited salt-induced Rac1-MR activation as well as renal inflammation and damage, suggesting that Rac1-MR pathway is involved in anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of PGI2. Based upon Rac1 activated by inflammation, moreover, BPS inhibited salt-induced activation of Rac1-MR pathway by renal inflammation suppression, resulting in the attenuation of renal damage in salt-loaded DS rats. Thus, BPS is efficacious for the treatment of salt-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5452-5057
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Center for Basic Medical Research at Narita Campus, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (W.K.); (M.N.); (N.A.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (T.F.)
- Shinshu University School of Medicine and Research Center for Social Systems, Nagano 389-0111, Japan
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Ayuzawa N, Nishimoto M, Ueda K, Hirohama D, Kawarazaki W, Shimosawa T, Marumo T, Fujita T. Two Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms of Pendrin Activation in Distal Nephrons. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:748-764. [PMID: 32034107 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of sodium chloride transport in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron is essential for fluid homeostasis and BP control. The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin in β-intercalated cells, along with sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubules, complementarily regulate sodium chloride handling, which is controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. METHODS Using mice with mineralocorticoid receptor deletion in intercalated cells, we examined the mechanism and roles of pendrin upregulation via mineralocorticoid receptor in two different models of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. We also used aldosterone-treated NCC knockout mice to examine the role of pendrin regulation in salt-sensitive hypertension. RESULTS Deletion of mineralocorticoid receptor in intercalated cells suppressed the increase in renal pendrin expression induced by either exogenous angiotensin II infusion or endogenous angiotensin II upregulation via salt restriction. When fed a low-salt diet, intercalated cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor knockout mice with suppression of pendrin upregulation showed BP reduction that was attenuated by compensatory activation of NCC. In contrast, upregulation of pendrin induced by aldosterone excess combined with a high-salt diet was scarcely affected by deletion of mineralocorticoid receptor in intercalated cells, but depended instead on hypokalemic alkalosis through the activated mineralocorticoid receptor-epithelial sodium channel cascade in principal cells. In aldosterone-treated NCC knockout mice showing upregulation of pendrin, potassium supplementation corrected alkalosis and inhibited the pendrin upregulation, thereby lowering BP. CONCLUSIONS In conjunction with NCC, the two pathways of pendrin upregulation, induced by angiotensin II through mineralocorticoid receptor activation in intercalated cells and by alkalosis through mineralocorticoid receptor activation in principal cells, play important roles in fluid homeostasis during salt depletion and salt-sensitive hypertension mediated by aldosterone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
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9
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Wang C, Mori F, Kang L, Ayuzawa N, Ogura S, Chen X, Fujita T, Shimosawa T, Koid SS. Abstract P1114: Impairment of Nitric Oxide Induces Volume Expansion in Normotensive Salt-Sensitivities by Activating NCC. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.74.suppl_1.p1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
It is still controversial if salt-sensitivity in terms of regulation of circulating volume in normotensive. In the present study, we investigated the role of NO on salt-sensitivity by measuring salt-induced increases in circulating volume and its underlining mechanisms.
Method:
We measured circulating volume, change in blood pressure and renal sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) activation, both in vivo in SD rats, wild-type mice and NCC deficient mice, and in vitro in mDCT cells.
Result:
The blood volume was comparable between the groups during NS diet period, and increased a day after HS loading. The blood volume returned to the level of NS period in HS group, in contrast, continuously increased in L-NAME + HS group (Fig A). Corresponding to the increases in blood volume, HS+L-NAME group increased blood pressure (Fig B) (MBP: HS: 105.7 ± 4.1 vs. HSL: 111.5 ± 3.5 mmHg). This blood pressure response to high salt diet was reproduced in C57BL/6J mice after 4 weeks treatment (HS: 108.7 ± 3.7 vs. HSL: 130.5 ± 2.9 mmHg). There is no kidney morphological changes. In vivo experiments showed that HCTZ but no amiloride induced larger natriuretic effect in L-NAME+HS group, which suggest NCC rather than ENaC is responsible. The phosphorylated NCC is reduced after HS but it sustained in L-NAME+HS group. Moreover, the results from NCC-deficient mice support that NCC is indispensable for L-NAME induced salt sensitivity. In addition, the membrane NCC expression was decreased by NO in a time and dose depended manner in mDCT cells.
Conclusion:
Low dose L-NAME induces volume expansion leading to salt-sensitivity by inappropriately and directly activate NCC in both vivo and vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Kang
- Peking Univ First Hosp, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suang S Koid
- The Univ of Tokyo, Dept of Clinical Laboratory, Japan
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10
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Oba S, Ayuzawa N, Nishimoto M, Kawarazaki W, Ueda K, Hirohama D, Kawakami-Mori F, Shimosawa T, Marumo T, Fujita T. Aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 in diabetic kidney mesangial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16338. [PMID: 30397232 PMCID: PMC6218490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation may underlie the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Involvement of TGFB1 in mesangial fibrosis of DN led us to hypothesize that Tgfb1 DNA demethylation contributes to progression of DN. In primary mesangial cells from diabetic (db/db) mouse kidneys, demethylation of Tgfb1 DNA and upregulation of Tgfb1 mRNA progressed simultaneously. USF1 binding site in Tgfb1 promoter region were demethylated, and binding of USF1 increased, with decreased binding of DNMT1 in db/db compared with control. Given downregulation of Tgfb1 expression by folic acid, antioxidant Tempol reversed DNA demethylation, with increased and decreased recruitment of DNMT1 and USF1 to the promoter, resulting in decreased Tgfb1 expression in db/db mice. Addition of H2O2 to mesangial cells induced DNA demethylation and upregulated Tgfb1 expression. Finally, Tempol attenuated mesangial fibrosis in db/db mice. We conclude that aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 due to ROS overproduction play a key to mesangial fibrosis during DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Mita Hospital IUHW, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Kawakami-Mori F, Nishimoto M, Reheman L, Kawarazaki W, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Hirohama D, Kohno D, Oba S, Shimosawa T, Marumo T, Fujita T. Aberrant DNA methylation of hypothalamic angiotensin receptor in prenatal programmed hypertension. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95625. [PMID: 30385711 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition, which causes prenatal exposure to excessive glucocorticoid, induces adverse metabolic programming, leading to hypertension in offspring. In offspring of pregnant rats receiving a low-protein diet or dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, mRNA expression of angiotensin receptor type 1a (Agtr1a) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus was upregulated, concurrent with reduced expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), reduced binding of DNMT3a to the Agtr1a gene, and DNA demethylation. Salt loading increased BP in both types of offspring, suggesting that elevated hypothalamic Agtr1a expression is epigenetically modulated by excessive glucocorticoid and leads to adult-onset salt-sensitive hypertension. Consistent with this, dexamethasone treatment of PVN cells upregulated Agtr1a, while downregulating Dnmt3a, and decreased DNMT3a binding and DNA demethylation at the Agtr1a locus. In addition, Dnmt3a knockdown upregulated Agtr1a independently of dexamethasone. Hypothalamic neuron-specific Dnmt3a-deficient mice exhibited upregulation of Agtr1a in the PVN and salt-induced BP elevation without dexamethasone treatment. By contrast, dexamethasone-treated Agtr1a-deficient mice failed to show salt-induced BP elevation, despite reduced expression of Dnmt3a. Thus, epigenetic modulation of hypothalamic angiotensin signaling contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension induced by prenatal glucocorticoid excess in offspring of mothers that are malnourished during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Kawakami-Mori
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Latapati Reheman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital IUHW, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohno
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital IUHW, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Watanabe A, Marumo T, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Hirohama D, Tanaka T, Yagi S, Ota S, Nagae G, Aburatani H, Kumagai H, Fujita T. Aberrant DNA methylation of pregnane X receptor underlies metabolic gene alterations in the diabetic kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F551-F560. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00390.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormalities have been suggested to mediate metabolic memory observed in diabetic complications. We have shown that epigenetic alterations may induce persistent phenotypic changes in the proximal tubules of the diabetic kidneys. In this study, we show that pregnane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotic nuclear receptor, is epigenetically altered and upregulated and may have a possible function in the diabetic kidney. PXR has been shown to play a critical role in metabolic changes in obesity and diabetes; however, its distribution and function in the kidney are unknown. In the normal kidney, Pxr was selectively expressed in the proximal tubular cells with demethylation in the promoter DNA. In db/db mice, significant increases in Pxr mRNA, further demethylation of DNA, and stimulatory histone marks in the promoter were observed. Epigenetic changes are likely to play a causative role in PXR induction, since a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor increased PXR mRNA in cultured human proximal tubular cells. Administration of a PXR agonist increased mRNA levels of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 ( Slco2b1), a xenobiotic transporter; response gene to complement 32 ( Rgc32), a molecule known to exert fibrotic effects in the kidney; and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 ( Pck1), a gluconeogenic enzyme in the kidney. The expressions of these genes were inhibited by PXR small interfering RNA in cultured proximal tubular cells. Increased mRNA levels of Slco2b1, Rgc32, and Pck1 were also observed in the kidney of db/db mice. These data indicate that PXR is upregulated in the diabetic kidney with aberrant epigenetic modifications and may modulate the course of diabetic kidney disease through the activation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hirohama D, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Nishimoto M, Kawarazaki W, Watanabe A, Shimosawa T, Marumo T, Shibata S, Fujita T. Aldosterone Is Essential for Angiotensin II-Induced Upregulation of Pendrin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:57-68. [PMID: 29021385 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has an important role in the control of fluid homeostasis and BP during volume depletion. Dietary salt restriction elevates circulating angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone levels, increasing levels of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin in β-intercalated cells and the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubules. However, the independent roles of AngII and aldosterone in regulating these levels remain unclear. In C57BL/6J mice receiving a low-salt diet or AngII infusion, we evaluated the membrane protein abundance of pendrin and NCC; assessed the phosphorylation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, which selectively inhibits aldosterone binding in intercalated cells; and measured BP by radiotelemetry in pendrin-knockout and wild-type mice. A low-salt diet or AngII infusion upregulated NCC and pendrin levels, decreased the phosphorylation of mineralocorticoid receptor in β-intercalated cells, and increased plasma aldosterone levels. Notably, a low-salt diet did not alter BP in wild-type mice, but significantly decreased BP in pendrin-knockout mice. To dissect the roles of AngII and aldosterone, we performed adrenalectomies in mice to remove aldosterone from the circulation. In adrenalectomized mice, AngII infusion again upregulated NCC expression, but did not affect pendrin expression despite the decreased phosphorylation of mineralocorticoid receptor. By contrast, AngII and aldosterone coadministration markedly elevated pendrin levels in adrenalectomized mice. Our results indicate that aldosterone is necessary for AngII-induced pendrin upregulation, and suggest that pendrin contributes to the maintenance of normal BP in cooperation with NCC during activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by dietary salt restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ueda K, Nishimoto M, Hirohama D, Ayuzawa N, Kawarazaki W, Watanabe A, Shimosawa T, Loffing J, Zhang MZ, Marumo T, Fujita T. Abstract 055: Systemic Effect of Renal 11β-HSD2 Deficiency on Blood Pressure Regulation. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Renal mechanism of 11β-HSD2 deficiency for developing hypertension is to be evaluated because vascular mechanism associated with sympathetic nervous activity was prevailing in global
Hsd11b2
knockout (KO) mice although brain-specific KO mice needed high salt intake to develop hypertension. We have demonstrated the importance of renal 11β-HSD2 deficiency on developing hypertension by using kidney-specific
Hsd11b2
knockout (
Hsd11b2
Ksp-/-
; KS-KO) mice (
Hypertension
, in press) and have continued the analysis of the systemic effect of renal 11β-HSD2 deficiency.
Method:
Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was measured by using 24h telemetry. Amiloride (25 mg/L) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, 300 mg/L) were administered through drinking water. Pellet containing MR antagonist spironolactone (MRA; 50 mg/KgBW/day) was administered subcutaneously. Corticosterone concentration was determined by ELISA. Data are presented as mean±SE.
Result:
Systolic and diastolic BPs of KS-KO mice were significantly higher, although the HR was lower, than those of WT mice: SBP, 142.4±1.0 vs 122.4±0.8 mmHg; DBP, 103.9±0.8 vs 94.4±0.8 mmHg; HR, 492.5±2.7 vs 555.4±2.4 (n=7). Mean BP was decreased to the level of WT mice by reducing dietary sodium content from 0.3 % to 0.01 %. Plasma [K
+
] was significantly lower in KS-KO mice: 2.9±0.2 vs 4.2±0.2 mEq/L (n=5). Renal membrane expressions of NCC, T53-phosphorylated NCC (pNCC), cleaved ENaCα and full-length ENaCα were upregulated in KS-KO mice. Correction of plasma [K
+
] of KS-KO mice by using high KCl diet or amiloride downregulated the renal membrane expression of pNCC and decreased the MBP to the level of WT mice as well as chronic HCTZ-treated KS-KO mice. Subcutaneous administration of MRA decreased MBP of KS-KO mice and the renal membrane expressions of pNCC and cleaved ENaCα. Diurnal variation of plasma corticosterone concentration was diminished in KS-KO mice and the urinary excretion of corticosterone was higher compared to that in WT mice.
Conclusion:
Renal 11β-HSD2 deficiency is sufficient in developing hypertension via MR activation induced by excessive corticosterone, the systemic effect of which are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory, International Univ of Health and Welfare, Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johannes Loffing
- National Cntr of Competence in Rsch ’Kidney Control of Homeostasis’, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Ueda K, Nishimoto M, Hirohama D, Ayuzawa N, Kawarazaki W, Watanabe A, Shimosawa T, Loffing J, Zhang MZ, Marumo T, Fujita T. Renal Dysfunction Induced by Kidney-Specific Gene Deletion of Hsd11b2 as a Primary Cause of Salt-Dependent Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 70:111-118. [PMID: 28559392 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of renal sodium-transporting system has identified specific variations of Mendelian hypertensive disorders, including HSD11B2 gene variants in apparent mineralocorticoid excess. However, these genetic variations in extrarenal tissue can be involved in developing hypertension, as demonstrated in former studies using global and brain-specific Hsd11b2 knockout rodents. To re-examine the importance of renal dysfunction on developing hypertension, we generated kidney-specific Hsd11b2 knockout mice. The knockout mice exhibited systemic hypertension, which was abolished by reducing salt intake, suggesting its salt-dependency. In addition, we detected an increase in renal membrane expressions of cleaved epithelial sodium channel-α and T53-phosphorylated Na+-Cl- cotransporter in the knockout mice. Acute intraperitoneal administration of amiloride-induced natriuresis and increased urinary sodium/potassium ratio more in the knockout mice compared with those in the wild-type control mice. Chronic administration of amiloride and high-KCl diet significantly decreased mean blood pressure in the knockout mice, which was accompanied with the correction of hypokalemia and the resultant decrease in Na+-Cl- cotransporter phosphorylation. Accordingly, a Na+-Cl- cotransporter blocker hydrochlorothiazide significantly decreased mean blood pressure in the knockout mice. Chronic administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone significantly decreased mean blood pressure of the knockout mice along with downregulation of cleaved epithelial sodium channel-α and phosphorylated Na+-Cl- cotransporter expression in the knockout kidney. Our data suggest that kidney-specific deficiency of 11β-HSD2 leads to salt-dependent hypertension, which is attributed to mineralocorticoid receptor-epithelial sodium channel-Na+-Cl- cotransporter activation in the kidney, and provides evidence that renal dysfunction is essential for developing the phenotype of apparent mineralocorticoid excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ueda
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.).
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Johannes Loffing
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.)
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan (K.U., M.N., D.H., N.A., W.K., A.W., T.M., T.F.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.S.); CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo (T.S., T.M., T.F.); National Center of Competence in Research 'Kidney Control of Homeostasis', Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland (J.L.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.-Z.Z.); and Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan (A.W.).
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Abstract
The impaired capacity of the kidney to excrete sodium plays an essential role in the development of hypertension. Adrenal corticosteroids control renal handling of sodium by regulating tubular sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron where both mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors are expressed. In addition, cell type- and segment-specific expression of 11β-HSD2 and sodium transporters such as Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and pendrin/Na(+)-driven Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger (NDCBE) builds a distinctive model of sodium transport in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. Aberrant MR activation in the distal nephron triggers salt-sensitive hypertension and hypokalemia through inappropriate sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. However, MR activity is not necessarily modulated by the ligand alone. Recently, several lines of evidence revealed alternative mechanisms that regulate the activity of MR in a ligand-independent manner or through ligand binding modulation. This review summarizes the disorders related to MR activation in individual tubular cells and highlights the renal mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension and new approaches for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Department of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
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Ayuzawa N, Nagase M, Ueda K, Nishimoto M, Kawarazaki W, Marumo T, Aiba A, Sakurai T, Shindo T, Fujita T. Rac1-Mediated Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Injury. Hypertension 2016; 67:99-106. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Miki Nagase
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Kohei Ueda
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Atsu Aiba
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- From the Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (N.A., K.U., M. Nishimoto, W.K., T.M., T.F.), and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A.A.), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (M. Nagase); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (T.M., T.F.); and Department of
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18
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Marumo T, Yagi S, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Watanabe A, Ueda K, Hirahashi J, Hishikawa K, Sakurai H, Shiota K, Fujita T. Diabetes Induces Aberrant DNA Methylation in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2388-97. [PMID: 25653098 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may underlie the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Because the kidney is a heterogeneous organ with different cell types, we investigated DNA methylation status of the kidney in a cell type-specific manner. We first identified genes specifically demethylated in the normal proximal tubules obtained from control db/m mice, and next delineated the candidate disease-modifying genes bearing aberrant DNA methylation induced by diabetes using db/db mice. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including Sglt2, Pck1, and G6pc, were selectively hypomethylated in the proximal tubules in control mice. Hnf4a, a transcription factor regulating transporters for reabsorption, was also selectively demethylated. In diabetic mice, aberrant hypomethylation of Agt, Abcc4, Cyp4a10, Glut5, and Met and hypermethylation of Kif20b, Cldn18, and Slco1a1 were observed. Time-dependent demethylation of Agt, a marker of diabetic kidney disease, was accompanied by histone modification changes. Furthermore, inhibition of DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase increased Agt mRNA in cultured human proximal tubular cells. Aberrant DNA methylation and concomitant changes in histone modifications and mRNA expression in the diabetic kidney were resistant to antidiabetic treatment with pioglitazone. These results suggest that an epigenetic switch involving aberrant DNA methylation causes persistent mRNA expression of select genes that may lead to phenotype changes of the proximal tubules in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, and
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Junichi Hirahashi
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Keiichi Hishikawa
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Shiota
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, and
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan;
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19
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Yoshida S, Ishizawa K, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Takeuchi M, Kawarazaki W, Fujita T, Nagase M. Local mineralocorticoid receptor activation and the role of Rac1 in obesity-related diabetic kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 126:16-24. [PMID: 24603367 DOI: 10.1159/000358758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Obesity and diabetes are intimately interrelated, and are independent risk factors for kidney disease. Overactivation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is implicated in end organ damage of both pathologies. But the underlying mechanism of MR activation in kidney remains uncertain. We explored the involvement of Rac1, which we previously identified as a ligand-independent MR activator, in renal MR activation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We evaluated the MR activity and Rac1 activity under high-glucose stimulation using luciferase reporter system and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay in cultured mesangial cells. To elucidate the role of Rac1 in vivo, we employed KKA(y), a mouse model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes, which spontaneously developed massive albuminuria and distinct glomerular lesions accompanied by increased plasma aldosterone concentration. RESULTS High-glucose stimulation increased Rac1 activity and MR transcriptional activity in cultured mesangial cells. Overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 activated MR, and glucose-induced MR activation was suppressed by overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 or Rac inhibitor EHT1864. In KKA(y), renal Rac1 was activated, and nuclear MR was increased. EHT1864 treatment suppressed renal Rac1 and MR activity and mitigated renal pathology of KKA(y) without changing plasma aldosterone concentration. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MR activation plays an important role in the nephropathy of KKA(y) mice, and that glucose-induced Rac1 activation, in addition to hyperaldosteronemia, contributes to their renal MR activation. Along with MR blockade, Rac inhibition may potentially be a preferred option in the treatment of nephropathy in obesity-related diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Yoshida S, Ishizawa K, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Takeuchi M, Kawarazaki W, Fujita T, Nagase M. Renin inhibition ameliorates renal damage through prominent suppression of both angiotensin I and II in human renin angiotensinogen transgenic mice with high salt loading. Clin Exp Nephrol 2013; 18:593-9. [PMID: 24154707 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, inhibits the rate-limiting step of the RAAS without any alternative pathway. It is proven to reduce albuminuria in CKD patients treated with angiotensin blockade. However, there are few reports which evaluate the advantage of aliskiren as the first-line drug against CKD progression in RAAS-activated hypertensive patients. METHODS Tsukuba hypertensive mice (THM), double transgenic mice carrying both the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes, were fed a high-salt diet and treated with hydraladine, ramipril and aliskiren for 10 weeks. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured every 2 weeks during the experimental period. We evaluated renal histological changes and gene expression. Plasma angiotensin concentration was measured to evaluate the RAAS inhibitory effect. RESULTS High-salt-loaded THM showed severe hypertension and renal injury. All antihypertensive drugs suppressed blood pressure and prevented renal disease progression. RAAS blockade showed a higher renoprotective effect than hydraladine despite an equivalent blood pressure lowering effect. Aliskiren exhibited even stronger renoprotection than ramipril. Plasma angiotensin concentration was increased in THM fed both normal salt and high salt. Hydraladine did not alter the plasma angiotensin concentration. Ramipril significantly decreased angiotensin II concentration. Aliskiren treatment almost completely suppressed angiotensin I and resulted in lower angiotensin II concentration than ramipril treatment. CONCLUSION Aliskiren prevents renal disease progression by suppressing both angiotensin I and II in RAAS-activated pathology. Our data suggest the application of a renin inhibitor for preventing kidney disease progression in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan,
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21
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Ayuzawa N, Nagase M, Ueda K, Ishizawa K, Takeuchi M, Kawarazaki W, Yoshida S, Fujita T. Abstract 69: Requirement of Rac1 in Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Remodeling, and Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor as a Downstream Pathway. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Rho family GTPase, Rac1, has emerged as an important molecule involved in cardiac remodeling. Some studies demonstrated the requirement of Rac1 in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy in association with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However its role in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling is still unclear. On the other hand, we previously reported that Rac1 can activate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in cultured cardiomyocytes. Here we demonstrate the requirement of Rac1 in pressure-overload cardiac remodeling, and putative role of MR as a downstream pathway of Rac1. First, we performed sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery in C57BL/6 mice, and examined the effect of Rac1 inhibitor (
NSC23766
) and MR blocker (eplerenone). After 7 weeks, TAC caused severe hypertrophy and dysfunction of left ventricle with significant increase in active form of Rac1. In addition, the amount of MR protein in nuclear fraction, and the expression of some target genes of MR (including serpina3n and serpine-1) in left ventricle were also increased by TAC.
NSC23766
significantly reduced the TAC-induced activation of Rac1, and both
NSC23766
and eplerenone attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, along with inhibition of MR signaling. Furthermore, TAC significantly increased ROS production in left ventricle, which was also attenuated by both of the pharmacological interventions. We next generated cardiomyocyte-specific heterozygous Rac1-deficient mice (Rac1
CM +/−
) and littermate wild-type mice (WT), and performed Sham or TAC surgery. The TAC-induced hypertrophy and dysfunction of left ventricle were significantly suppressed in Rac1
CM +/−
compared with WT (heart/body weight ratio: 6.4 ± 0.86 vs 10.8 ± 0.81 mg/g, ejection fraction 54.1 ± 6.5 vs 33.3 ± 7.3 %, p < 0.05), with inhibition of Rac1 activation. Nuclear translocation of MR protein and increases in expression of the target genes of MR were also significantly attenuated in Rac1
CM +/−
compared with WT. These results indicate that Rac1 plays an essential role in the maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, and that MR is an important downstream pathway of Rac1 in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Nagase
- Univ of Tokyo Graduate Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Univ of Tokyo Graduate Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Maki Takeuchi
- Univ of Tokyo Graduate Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Rsch Cntr for Advanced Science and Technology, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiro Fujita
- Rsch Cntr for Advanced Science and Technology, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawarazaki W, Nagase M, Yoshida S, Takeuchi M, Ishizawa K, Ayuzawa N, Ueda K, Fujita T. Angiotensin II- and salt-induced kidney injury through Rac1-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor activation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:997-1007. [PMID: 22440899 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments with hyperaldosteronemic animals suggest that, despite lowering plasma aldosterone, salt worsens renal injury by paradoxical activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Salt and aldosterone synergistically contribute to renal impairment through Rac1-mediated activation of the MR, but whether angiotensin II also promotes renal injury through this mechanism is unknown. Here, we placed angiotensin II-overproducing double transgenic Tsukuba hypertensive mice on a low- or high-salt intake for 6 weeks and treated some animals with adrenalectomy, the MR antagonist eplerenone, the Rac inhibitor EHT1864, or hydralazine. High-salt intake, but not low-salt intake, led to hypertension and prominent kidney injury. Adrenalectomy prevented angiotensin II/salt-induced nephropathy in mice receiving high-salt intake, which was recapitulated by aldosterone supplementation, suggesting the involvement of aldosterone/MR signaling. Plasma aldosterone levels, however, were lower in high- than low-salt conditions. Instead, angiotensin II/salt-evoked MR activation associated with Rac1 activation and was not dependent on plasma aldosterone level. Both EHT1864 and eplerenone repressed the augmented MR signaling and mitigated kidney injury with partial but significant reduction in BP with high-salt intake. Hydralazine similarly reduced BP, but it neither suppressed the Rac1-MR pathway nor ameliorated the nephropathy. Taken together, these results show that angiotensin II and salt accelerate kidney injury through Rac1-mediated MR activation. Rac inhibition may be a promising strategy for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Kawarazaki
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagase M, Ayuzawa N, Kawarazaki W, Ishizawa K, Ueda K, Yoshida S, Fujita T. Oxidative Stress Causes Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation in Rat Cardiomyocytes. Hypertension 2012; 59:500-6. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.185520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nagase
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ayuzawa N, Ubara Y, Keiichi S, Masayuki Y, Hasegawa E, Hiramatsu E, Hayami N, Suwabe T, Hoshino J, Sawa N, Kawabata M, Ohashi K, Takaichi K. Churg-Strauss syndrome with a clinical condition similar to IgG4-related kidney disease: a case report. Intern Med 2012; 51:1233-8. [PMID: 22687796 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old Japanese woman with asthma of recent onset and a long history of membranous glomerulonephropathy (MN) was admitted because of multifocal pulmonary infiltrates, marked eosinophilia, mild renal dysfunction, a rash on her feet, and right median nerve paralysis. Although MPO- and PR3-ANCA were negative, skin biopsy demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS) was diagnosed. She also had salivary gland swelling and a high serum IgG4 level. Renal biopsy revealed MN with eosinophil-rich tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Her symptoms resolved after the start of corticosteroid therapy. The present case shows that ANCA-negative CSS can have a clinical condition similar to IgG4-related kidney disease.
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25
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Ayuzawa N, Ishibashi Y, Takazawa Y, Kume H, Fujita T. Peritoneal morphology after long-term peritoneal dialysis with biocompatible fluid: recent clinical practice in Japan. Perit Dial Int 2011; 32:159-67. [PMID: 21804136 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2010.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphology changes of the peritoneal membrane after long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) consist of denudation of peritoneal mesothelial cells, interstitial sclerosis, and hyalinizing vasculopathy. Those changes are considered to be the result of uremia and bioincompatible effects of conventional acidic lactate-buffered dialysate with glucose degradation products (GDPs). In the last decade, biocompatible dialysate with neutral pH and low GDPs has become widely used. Clinical practice has been modified in Japan, especially for anuric patients, and now includes the use of hybrid therapy. The impact on peritoneal morphology has not been well reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect on peritoneal morphology and function of biocompatible fluid use and current clinical practice in Japan, including hybrid dialysis therapy. METHODS We evaluated peritoneal biopsy specimens from patients who had undergone PD for more than 3 years. We used the average peritoneal thickness (APT) of the submesothelial compact zone as a marker of interstitial sclerosis and the lumen/vessel diameter ratio (L/V ratio) at postcapillary venules as a marker of hyalinizing vasculopathy. Demography and other data for the patients, including dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) ratio of creatinine, were obtained at baseline and every 6 months by peritoneal equilibration test. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2009, 110 patients started PD therapy with biocompatible dialysate at Tokyo University Hospital. Among them, 11 patients (8 men, 3 women; age: 54.2 ± 11.8 years; 1 with diabetes mellitus) were enrolled into this morphology study. The mean duration of PD in this group was 61 ± 11.3 months, and the mean time to peritoneal biopsy was 58 ± 15.1 months. The median APT was 180 μm (96 - 1424 μm), and the median L/V ratio was 0.66 (0.46 - 0.74). No obvious correlations between APT, L/V ratio, and PD duration were detected. The D/P creatinine of the 11 patients was maintained at a favorably low value, comparable with that of the other 99 patients. CONCLUSIONS Peritoneal dialysis therapy using biocompatible dialysate in conjunction with modification of clinical practice may minimize the progression of peritoneal interstitial sclerosis and hyalinizing vasculopathy, preserving favorable peritoneal function for more than 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shibata S, Mu S, Kawarazaki H, Muraoka K, Ishizawa KI, Yoshida S, Kawarazaki W, Takeuchi M, Ayuzawa N, Miyoshi J, Takai Y, Ishikawa A, Shimosawa T, Ando K, Nagase M, Fujita T. Rac1 GTPase in rodent kidneys is essential for salt-sensitive hypertension via a mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3233-43. [PMID: 21765214 DOI: 10.1172/jci43124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Despite this, its underlying mechanism(s) and the role of excess salt in cardiorenal dysfunction are unclear. Previously, we have identified cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a nuclear transcription factor regulated by the steroid aldosterone, and the small GTPase Rac1, which is implicated in proteinuric kidney disease. We here show that high-salt loading activates Rac1 in the kidneys in rodent models of salt-sensitive hypertension, leading to blood pressure elevation and renal injury via an MR-dependent pathway. We found that a high-salt diet caused renal Rac1 upregulation in salt-sensitive Dahl (Dahl-S) rats and downregulation in salt-insensitive Dahl (Dahl-R) rats. Despite a reduction of serum aldosterone levels, salt-loaded Dahl-S rats showed increased MR signaling in the kidneys, and Rac1 inhibition prevented hypertension and renal damage with MR repression. We further demonstrated in aldosterone-infused rats as well as adrenalectomized Dahl-S rats with aldosterone supplementation that salt-induced Rac1 and aldosterone acted interdependently to cause MR overactivity and hypertension. Finally, we confirmed the key role of Rac1 in modulating salt susceptibility in mice lacking Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor α. Therefore, our data identify Rac1 as a determinant of salt sensitivity and provide insights into the mechanism of salt-induced hypertension and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shibata
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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