1
|
Piumatti G, Aresi G, Marta E. A psychometric analysis of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire in a nationally representative sample of young adults from a Mediterranean drinking culture. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023; 22:171-188. [PMID: 34003733 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1918600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To examine psychometric properties of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ) in a Mediterranean "wet" drinking culture.Methods: Three studies were conducted using random samples drawn from a representative sample of Italian young adults (N = 5,955; females = 62%; mean age = 27): Study 1 explored the factorial structure of weekly alcohol consumption; in Study 2 multi-group confirmatory factor analysis tested measurement invariance across gender; Study 3 applied item response theory analysis to: a) assess how each item discriminated between different alcohol consumption levels; and b) determine if drink propensity on a given day of the week varied according to individual characteristics.Results: In Study 1, a one-factor solution with no clear differentiation between weekdays and weekend alcohol use was found. Study 2 confirmed measurement invariance of the one-factor solution across gender. Results of Study 3 indicated that alcohol use on weekdays (Monday to Thursday) provided more information on overall alcohol consumption than alcohol use on weekends (Friday to Sunday).Discussion: Cultural differences of alcohol use are reflected in relatively simple alcohol measures, such as the DDQ. In contrast with peers from "dry" drinking cultures, Italian young women and men do not clearly differentiate between weekdays and weekend drinking. In Italy, the DDQ best captures participants' average alcohol consumption levels rather than light or heavy, and should be used in national epidemiological research accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Piumatti
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of BioMedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Primary Care, Population Epidemiology Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Aresi
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - E Marta
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meinerding M, Weinstock J, Vander Wal J, Weaver TL. Failure to confirm the factor structure of the CEBRACS: An assessment of food and alcohol disturbance. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36084273 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) is the phenomenon in which individuals exhibit co-occurring hazardous alcohol and eating behaviors to either negate caloric intake associated with alcohol and/or maximize intoxication. While the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Scale (CEBRACS) is the most widely used measure to assess FAD to date, its factor-structure has yet to be confirmed. Methods: The current study utilized confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the CEBRACS' four factor subscales as well as recently proposed alternative scoring structures. Participants: Participants (N = 582) were American college students from seven universities (18-24 years; 67% cisgender women; 70% non-Hispanic White). Results: The CFA failed to provide optimal fit for all models tested. Results of invariance testing found no measurement variance by sex, suggesting the failure of the four-factor solution was not due to noninvariance. Conclusions: Overall, findings do not support continued use of the original 21-item CEBRACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meinerding
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeremiah Weinstock
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jillon Vander Wal
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Terri L Weaver
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patterns of Alcohol Use Among Italian Young Adults Before and During a COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Class Analysis Study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION 2022; 43:191-208. [PMID: 35305212 PMCID: PMC8934024 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two not mutually exclusive theories explain the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use. The Availability hypothesis contends that reduced opportunities to drink due to the closure of outlets and consumption sites should lead to decreases in alcohol use, whereas the Stress and Coping hypothesis argues that those exposed to stressful situations may increase drinking. The primary aim of this study was to examine changes—separately by gender—in the prevalence of drinking patterns among Italian young adults (18–34 years) before and during a COVID-19 lockdown. Study design was a repeated cross-sectional study, whereby data collected in 2015 and 2020 from nationally representative samples were analyzed. Latent class analysis identified five, fully invariant for women and partially invariant for men, drinking pattern classes among both cohorts: current non-drinkers (CND), weekend risky (WRD) and weekend non-risky drinkers (WnRD), daily non-risky (DnRD) and daily risky drinkers (DRD). In support of the Availability hypothesis, increases in abstaining and moderate drinking women and men were observed from 2015 to 2020. Concomitantly, among men only there were also increases in the prevalence of patterns characterized by risky drinking, coping drinking motives and related harm (Stress and Coping hypothesis). The pandemic and the three-tier lockdown imposed by the Italian government likely reduced overall alcohol use in the general population who drink moderately. However, there was a substantial increase in the prevalence of a small but significant group of men who drank daily and heavily to cope. Outreach and prevention efforts should target primarily this group, but also consider the opportunities that the exceptional circumstances of a quarantine offer to any individuals to reshape their lifestyle and health-related behaviors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Charrier L, Bersia M, Vieno A, Comoretto RI, Štelemėkas M, Nardone P, Baška T, Dalmasso P, Berchialla P. Forecasting Frequent Alcohol Use among Adolescents in HBSC Countries: A Bayesian Framework for Making Predictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052737. [PMID: 35270429 PMCID: PMC8910627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To summarize alcohol trends in the last 30 years (1985/6–2017/8) among 15-year-olds in Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) countries (overall sample size: 413,399 adolescents; 51.55% girls) and to forecast the potential evolution in the upcoming 2021/22 HBSC survey. (2) Methods: Using 1986–2018 prevalence data on weekly alcohol consumption among 15-year-olds related to 40 HBSC countries/regions, a Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical model was adopted to estimate trends making a clusterization of the countries, and to give estimates for the 2022 HBSC survey. (3) Results: An overall declining trend in alcohol consumption was observed over time in almost all the countries. However, compared to 2014, some countries showed a new increase in 2018 and 2021/22 estimates forecast a slight increase in the majority of countries, pointing out a potential bounce after a decreasing period in frequent drinking habits. (4) Conclusions: The clusterization suggested a homogenization of consumption habits among HBSC countries. The comparison between 2022 observed and expected data could be helpful to investigate the effect of risk behaviour determinants, including the pandemic impact, occurring between the last two waves of the survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Irene Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-6322
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tibor Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aresi G, Cleveland MJ, Beccaria F, Marta E. Variations in acceptability of heavy alcohol use and gender double standards across drinking cultures. A U.S.A. - Italy study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34347582 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1956391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Focus group data from 92 youths from Italy and the U.S.A. indicate that Italians and Americans differ in perceived threshold of acceptability of drinking to excess. Youth from the U.S.A. were more accepting of intoxication than Italian youth, reflecting features of each respective dominant drinking culture. Alcohol gender double standards existed in both countries and were conceptually connected to sexuality. However, the social construction behind such connections differed across the two groups: focusing on harms to the woman in the U.S.A. and the respectability of her social group in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Aresi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy.,CERISVICO Research Centre on Community Development and Organisational Quality of Life, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Franca Beccaria
- Eclectica, Institute for Research and Training, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Marta
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy.,CERISVICO Research Centre on Community Development and Organisational Quality of Life, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Horváth Z, Qirjako G, Pavlova D, Taut D, Vaičiūnas T, Melkumova M, Várnai D, Vieno A, Demetrovics Z, Urbán R, Németh Á. The information capacity of adolescent alcohol consumption indicators along a continuum of severity: A cross-national comparison of sixteen Central and Eastern European countries. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1840-1852. [PMID: 34342004 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is high variability between European countries in prevalence levels of various alcohol consumption forms. The informational value of adolescent's alcohol consumption indicators remains an issue. The present study aimed to examine information capacity and measurement invariance of different alcohol consumption indicators in adolescents coming from countries of the former Soviet (Eastern) Bloc in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). METHODS Data of 15-year-old adolescents who reported to have had consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime were analysed. Data were collected in sixteen CEE countries, as part of the 2013/2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study wave. Four binary items were selected for the analyses and measured the presence (vs. absence) of alcohol consumption in the last 30 days, lifetime drunkenness, weekly drinking frequency and binge drinking on a typical occasion. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory analysis were used. RESULTS In most of the included countries, alcohol consumption in the last 30 days and lifetime drunkenness were indicative for lower severity levels, while binge drinking and weekly drinking frequency were informative at higher severity levels of alcohol use. A low proportion of the estimated intercepts and factor loadings were non-invariant which indicated approximate cross-national invariance of these indicators. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent alcohol consumption indicators are informative for different severity levels and provide a cross-nationally invariant measurement. However, diverging drinking cultures in the CEE regions was suggested by different indicators with the highest discrimination capacity at the lower and the higher ends of the continuum severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | | | - Daria Pavlova
- NGO "Ukrainian Institute for Social Research after Olexander Yaremenko", Ukraine
| | - Diana Taut
- Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania
| | - Tomas Vaičiūnas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marina Melkumova
- Arabkir Medical Centre- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dóra Várnai
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Németh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ellena AM, Aresi G, Marta E, Pozzi M. Post-traumatic Growth Dimensions Differently Mediate the Relationship Between National Identity and Interpersonal Trust Among Young Adults: A Study on COVID-19 Crisis in Italy. Front Psychol 2021; 11:576610. [PMID: 33519591 PMCID: PMC7844087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Italy, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a collective trauma. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been defined as the subjective experience of positive psychological changes as a result of a traumatic event. PTG can involve changes in five psychological main dimensions: relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life. In the context of national emergencies, those PTG dimensions encompassing changes at the social level (e.g., relating to others) can play a role in coping strategies that involve a renewed sense of self and one's social identities, including national identities, and in turn, foster a stronger sense of trust and connection to others. AIM To investigate how each of the five PTG dimensions mediates the association between the salience of national identity and interpersonal trust in a sample of Italian young adults. Trust in national and European institutions were expected to positively predict the strength of the Italian national identity which in turn was expected to be positively associated with interpersonal trust, and the PTG relating to others dimension to mediate this association. METHOD This study involves the secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of 2,000 Italian young adults (age range 18-34 years). Participants completed a web survey during the peak of the COVID-19 crisis in Italy with measures of trust in EU and national institutions, national identity, interpersonal trust, and the PTG Inventory. Structural equation modeling procedures were employed for key hypotheses tests. RESULTS Trust in national institutions positively predicted national identity, which in turn was positively associated with interpersonal trust. Evidence of a full mediation effect of the PTG relating to others dimension on the association between national identity and interpersonal trust was found. DISCUSSION Findings contribute to clarify the psychological responses to collective traumas. In the context of Italy's COVID-19 crisis, trust in national institutions reinforced Italian national identity, which was in turn associated with greater interpersonal trust, but only when psychological responses to the trauma involved changes in how individuals perceived and related to others, and not merely a focus on the self. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|