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Beauchemin J, Fréchette A, Thériault W, Dufour S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Comparison of microbiota of recycled manure solids and straw bedding used in dairy farms in eastern Canada. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:389-408. [PMID: 34656347 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding is an alternative bedding option that is growing in popularity on Canadian dairy farms. However, the microbiological characteristics and production of RMS bedding are poorly documented under on-farm conditions in eastern Canada. This bedding could support the presence of pathogens and could have an effect on cow and human health. The aim of this study was to describe the RMS microbiota when used under dairy cows and compare it with straw bedding. Unused and used bedding from 27 RMS and 61 straw-bedded dairy farms were collected and compared using 16S amplicon sequencing, bacterial counts, and Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes detection. Microbiota composition of unused RMS and unused straw were different. After use, both bedding microbiota were similar in their bacterial composition, structure, and diversity. Unused RMS generally contained higher bacterial counts than did unused straw, except for Klebsiella spp. counts. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were more frequently detected in unused RMS (Salmonella spp.: 11%; L. monocytogenes: 30%), than in unused straw (Salmonella spp.: 0%; L. monocytogenes: 11%). Finally, 2 RMS production systems (extraction of the liquid fraction followed by maturation in an opened or enclosed container vs. in a heap) did not influence the microbiota richness and bacteria distribution (α-diversity), but did influence the microbiota structure (β-diversity). In conclusion, animal and human pathogens were found in greater numbers and more frequently in unused RMS than unused straw, and this could eventually affect dairy cow or human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Beauchemin
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada.
| | - Annie Fréchette
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Pole Agro-alimentaire, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Le Cnam, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA-FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada.
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Molecular Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030661. [PMID: 33801463 PMCID: PMC7998752 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enterococci can be an opportunistic pathogen in milk, which can easily disseminate antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the enterococci isolates from samples of bulk tank milk obtained from four dairy companies in Korea to prevent the spread of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in dairy companies. The results demonstrated various degrees of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-factor distribution in enterococci from bulk tank milk in Korea and support the assessment that pathogens from bulk tank milk can also become a reservoir for dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors through cross-contamination processes. Abstract Enterococci are considered to be environmental mastitis-causing pathogens that can easily spread antimicrobial resistance or virulence genes via horizontal transfer. In this study, the molecular characteristics of enterococci from bulk tank milk were investigated to assess the importance of dairy herd management. A total of 338 enterococci (305 Enterococcus faecalis and 33 Enterococcus faecium) were isolated from 1584 batches of bulk tank milk samples from 396 farms affiliated with four dairy companies in Korea, and significant differences (40.6–79.7%) (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of enterococci were observed in the samples from different companies. Enterococci showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (TET) (73.4%), followed by doxycycline (DOX) (49.7%) and erythromycin (ERY) (46.2%), while two enterococci isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (VAN). Among 146 tetracycline (TET) and ERY-resistant enterococci, each 50 (19.4%) enterococci carried combination-resistance and transposon gene types erm(B) + tet(M) + IntTn and erm(B) + tet(L) + tet(M) + IntTn, respectively. The virulence genes such as ace (99.0%), efaA (97.7%), cad1 (95.7%), and gelE (85.9%) were highly conserved in E. faecalis and significantly predominated over E. faecium (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that pathogens from bulk tank milk can also become a reservoir for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors through cross-contamination processes.
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