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Girard C, Chabrillat T, Kerros S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Essential oils mix effect on chicks ileal and caecal microbiota modulation: a metagenomics sequencing approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1350151. [PMID: 38638639 PMCID: PMC11025455 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1350151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota plays a pivotal role in promoting the health and wellbeing of poultry. Essential oils (EOs) serve as an alternative solution for modulating poultry microbiota. This study aimed to investigate, using amplicon sequencing, the effect of a complex and well-defined combination of EOs feed supplement on both ileal and caecal broiler microbiota, within the context of Salmonella and Campylobacter intestinal colonization. Material and methods For this experiment, 150-day-old Ross chicks were randomly allocated to two groups: T+ (feed supplementation with EO mix 500 g/t) and T- (non-supplemented). At day 7, 30 birds from each group were orally inoculated with 106 CFU/bird of a Salmonella enteritidis and transferred to the second room, forming the following groups: TS+ (30 challenged birds receiving infeed EO mix at 500g/t) and TS- (30 challenged birds receiving a non-supplemented control feed). At day 14, the remaining birds in the first room were orally inoculated with 103 CFU/bird of two strains of Campylobacter jejuni, resulting in the formation of groups T+C+ and T-C+. Birds were sacrificed at day 7, D10, D14, D17, and D21. Ileal and caecal microbiota samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. At D7 and D14, ileal alpha diversity was higher for treated birds (p <0.05). Results and discussion No significant differences between groups were observed in caecal alpha diversity (p>0.05). The ileal beta diversity exhibited differences between groups at D7 (p < 0.008), D10 (p = 0.029), D14 (p = 0.001) and D17 (p = 0.018), but not at D21 (p = 0.54). For all time points, the analysis indicated that 6 biomarkers were negatively impacted, while 10 biomarkers were positively impacted. Sellimonas and Weissella returned the lowest (negative) and highest (positive) coefficient, respectively. At each time point, treatments influenced caecal microbiota beta diversity (p < 0.001); 31 genera were associated with T+: 10 Ruminoccocaceae genera were alternatively more abundant and less abundant from D7, 7 Lachnospiraceae genera were alternatively more and less abundant from D10, 6 Oscillospiraceae genera were variable depending on the date and 4 Enterobacteriaceae differed from D7. During all the experiment, Campylobacter decreased in treated birds (p < 0.05). This study showed that EO mix modulates ileal and caecal microbiota composition both before and during challenge conditions, increasing alpha diversity, especially in ileum during the early stages of chick life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Grandmont A, Rhouma M, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Thériault W, Mainville I, Arcand Y, Leduc R, Demers B, Thibodeau A. Characterization of the Effects of a Novel Probiotic on Salmonella Colonization of a Piglet-Derived Intestinal Microbiota Using Improved Bioreactor. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:787. [PMID: 38473172 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The carriage of Salmonella in pigs is a major concern for the agri-food industry and for global healthcare systems. Humans could develop salmonellosis when consuming contaminated pig products. On the other hand, some Salmonella serotypes could cause disease in swine, leading to economic losses on farms. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the anti-Salmonella activity of a novel Bacillus-based probiotic using a bioreactor containing a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota. Two methods of probiotic administration were tested: a single daily and a continuous dose. Salmonella enumeration was performed using selective agar at T24h, T48h, T72h, T96h and T120h. The DNA was extracted from bioreactor samples to perform microbiome profiling by targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina Miseq. The quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also assessed at T120h. The probiotic decreased Salmonella counts at T96 for the daily dose and at T120 for the continuous one. Both probiotic doses affected the alpha and beta diversity of the piglet-derived microbiota (p < 0.05). A decrease in acetate concentration and an increase in propionate proportion were observed in the continuous condition. In conclusion, the tested Bacillus-based product showed a potential to modulate microbiota and reduce Salmonella colonization in a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota and could therefore be used in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amely Grandmont
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche sur les Stratégies Alternatives d'Alimentation des Porcs et des Volailles: Approche Systémique pour un Développement Durable, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | | | - Yves Arcand
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Roland Leduc
- NUVAC Éco-Sciences, Valcourt, QC J0E 2L0, Canada
| | - Bruno Demers
- NUVAC Éco-Sciences, Valcourt, QC J0E 2L0, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Kakese Mukosa R, Thibodeau A, Morris Fairbrother J, Thériault W, Gaucher ML. Addressing Current Challenges in Poultry Meat Safety: Development of a Cultivation and Colony Hybridization Approach to Recover Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens from Broiler Chicken Carcasses. Pathogens 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38251337 PMCID: PMC10820424 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens is one of the main causes of foodborne illness in Canada. The use of a conventional bacterial culture approach to isolate enterotoxigenic C. perfringens from poultry meat is common. This approach is based on the phenotype attributable to a double hemolysis phenomenon, whereas few enterotoxigenic strains of C. perfringens produce it, which further complicates the study of the reservoirs of this important pathogen. The objectives of the current study were to validate the ability of a digoxigenin-labeled probe to detect the C. perfringens cpe gene and to validate the use of either a filtration or a direct plating approach, combined with colony hybridization to detect enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Pure DNA and pure colonies of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens and broiler chicken carcass rinsate samples were subjected to colony hybridization. The results showed that the synthesized DNA probe can detect the cpe gene from both DNA and pure colonies of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens, and from colonies grown from carcass rinsates artificially contaminated with enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Our study suggests that this isolation method is a promising tool for a better understanding of the epidemiology of this zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette Kakese Mukosa
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (R.K.M.); (A.T.); (W.T.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Animal Production, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (R.K.M.); (A.T.); (W.T.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Animal Production, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Animal Production, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (R.K.M.); (A.T.); (W.T.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Animal Production, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (R.K.M.); (A.T.); (W.T.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Animal Production, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Heidarpanah S, Thibodeau A, Parreira VR, Quessy S, Segura M, Gottschalk M, Gaudreau A, Juette T, Gaucher ML. Evaluation of the Immunoprotective Capacity of Five Vaccine Candidate Proteins against Avian Necrotic Enteritis and Impact on the Caecal Microbiota of Vaccinated Birds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3323. [PMID: 37958078 PMCID: PMC10650611 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of broiler chickens caused by certain pathogenic strains of Clostridium perfringens in combination with predisposing factors. A vaccine offering complete protection against the disease has not yet been commercialized. In a previous study, we produced five recombinant proteins predicted to be surface-exposed and unique to necrotic enteritis-causing C. perfringens and the immunogenicity of these potential vaccine candidates was assessed in broiler chickens. In the current work, the relative contribution of the antibodies raised by these putative antigens to protect broiler chickens was evaluated using an experimental necrotic enteritis induction model. Additionally, the link between the immune response elicited and the gut microbiota profiles in immunized birds subjected to infection with virulent C. perfringens was studied. The ELISA results showed that the IgY antibody titers in vaccinated birds on days 21 and 33 were significantly higher than those on days 7 and 14 and those in birds receiving the adjuvant alone, while the relative contribution of the specific immunity attributed to these antibodies could not be precisely determined using this experimental necrotic enteritis induction model. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that immunization of birds with recombinant proteins had a low impact on the chicken caecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heidarpanah
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Valeria R. Parreira
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Tristan Juette
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Chagneau S, Gaucher ML, Fravalo P, Thériault WP, Thibodeau A. Intestinal Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni and Its Hepatic Dissemination Are Associated with Local and Systemic Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1677. [PMID: 37512849 PMCID: PMC10385864 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen. Despite the lack of clinical signs associated with its colonization in poultry, it has been reported to interact with the intestinal immune system. However, little is known about the interaction between C. jejuni and the chicken immune system, especially in the context of hepatic dissemination. Therefore, to follow up on our previous study showing intestinal colonization and hepatic spread of C. jejuni, cecal tonsils and liver samples were collected from these birds to determine the mRNA levels of chemokines and cytokines. Serum samples were also collected to determine serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and specific IgY titers. Lack of Th17 induction was observed in the cecal tonsils of only the liver-contaminated groups. This hepatic dissemination was accompanied by innate, Th1 and Th2 immune responses in livers, as well as an increase in SAA concentrations and specific IgY levels in sera. Campylobacter appears to be able to restrain the induction of the chicken gut immunity in particular conditions, possibly enhancing its hepatic dissemination and thus eliciting systemic immune responses. Although Campylobacter is often recognized as a commensal-like bacterium in chickens, it seems to modulate the gut immune system and induce systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chagneau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire Agroalimentaire du Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - William P Thériault
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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Bellerose M, Fravalo P, Mainville I, Arcand Y, Thibodeau A. A short-term bioreactor assay to assess the effect of essential oils on a microbiota derived from piglet's intestinal content. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:17. [PMID: 37208761 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating the microbiota is an emerging way to improve pig health. In-vitro bioreactor systems can be used to reproduce intestinal microbiota to study modulating avenues. In this study, a continuous feeding system to support a microbiota derived from piglet colonic contents, over 72 h, was developed. The microbiota from piglets was collected and used as inoculum. The culture media was derived from an artificial digestion of piglet feed. The microbiota diversity in time, the reproducibility between replicates and the diversity of the bioreactor microbiota compared to the inoculum was assessed. Essential oils were used as a proof of concept to assess the in vitro microbiota modulation. The microbiota diversity was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Quantitative PCR was also used for total bacteria, lactobacilli and Enterobacteria. RESULTS At the start of the assay, the bioreactor microbiota diversity was similar to the inoculum. Time and replication affected the bioreactor microbiota diversity. Between 48 and 72 h, no statistical variation of the microbiota diversity was observable. After a 48 h running period, thymol and carvacrol were added at 200 ppm or 1000 ppm for 24 h. No microbiota modification was observed by sequencing. Quantitative PCR results showed a significant growth of lactobacilli when thymol was used at 1000 ppm, where only a trend was observed with the 16S analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a bioreactor assay that can be used as a tool for rapid screening of additives and suggests that the effects of essential oils on the microbiota are subtle, acting against a few bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bellerose
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
- Chaire Agro-alimentaire, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Le Cnam, 2 Rue Camille Guérin, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Isabelle Mainville
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3 600 Casavant O, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Yves Arcand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3 600 Casavant O, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
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Braley C, Gaucher ML, Fravalo P, Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Longpré J, Thibodeau A. Slight Temperature Deviation during a 56-Day Storage Period Does Not Affect the Microbiota of Fresh Vacuum-Packed Pork Loins. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081695. [PMID: 37107490 PMCID: PMC10138144 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is profitable to export fresh meat overseas, where it is often regarded as a premium commodity. Meeting this demand for fresh meat, however, necessitates long export times, during which uncontrolled temperature increases can affect the microbiological quality of the meat and thereby, reduce shelf life or compromise food safety. To study the impact of temperature deviations on microbial community composition and diversity, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. detection to describe the surface microbiota of eight batches of vacuum-packed loins stored at -1.5 °C (control) for 56 days and subjected to a 2 °C or 10 °C temperature deviation for a few hours (mimicking problems regularly encountered in the industry) at day 15 or 29. The presence of pathogens was negligible. The applied temperature deviations were not associated with different microbiota. Sequencing analysis showed the presence of Yersinia, an unexpected pathogen, and relative abundance increased in the groups subjected to temperature deviations. Over time, Lactobacillales_unclassified genus became the main constituent of the microbiota of vacuum-packed pork loins. Although the microbiota of the eight batches appeared similar at the beginning of storage, differences were revealed after 56 days, suggesting unequal aging of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Braley
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), 75003 Paris, France
| | - Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d'Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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8
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Heidarpanah S, Thibodeau A, Parreira VR, Quessy S, Segura M, Meniaï I, Gottschalk M, Gaudreau A, Juette T, Gaucher ML. Immunization of broiler chickens with five newly identified surface-exposed proteins unique to Clostridium perfringens causing necrotic enteritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5254. [PMID: 37002317 PMCID: PMC10063949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the ban or reduction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in commercial broiler chickens in many countries, avian necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens has re-emerged as one of the biggest threats for the poultry industry worldwide. While the toolbox for controlling NE in the absence of antibiotics consists of a limited number of alternatives for which the overall effectiveness has yet proven to be suboptimal, an effective vaccine would represent the best control strategy for this often-deadly disease. Using a comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology approach, we previously identified 14 putative antigenic proteins unique to NE-causing strains of C. perfringens. In the current work, the in silico findings were confirmed by PCR and sequencing, and five vaccine candidate proteins were produced and purified subsequently. Among them, two candidates were hypothetical proteins, two candidates were prepilin proteins which are predicted to form the subunits of a pilus structure, and one candidate was a non-heme iron protein. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that immunization of broiler chickens with five of these proteins raised antibodies which can specifically recognize both the recombinant and native forms of the protein in pathogenic C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heidarpanah
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Food Science Department, Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ilhem Meniaï
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tristan Juette
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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9
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Chagneau S, Gaucher ML, Thériault WP, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Observations supporting hypothetical commensalism and competition between two Campylobacter jejuni strains colonizing the broiler chicken gut. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1071175. [PMID: 36817113 PMCID: PMC9937062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne pathogen in humans. Given the wide genetic diversity of C. jejuni strains found in poultry production, a better understanding of the relationships between these strains within chickens could lead to better control of this pathogen on farms. In this study, 14-day old broiler chickens were inoculated with two C. jejuni strains (103 or 107 CFU of D2008b and 103 CFU of G2008b, alone or together) that were previously characterized in vitro and that showed an opposite potential to compete for gut colonization in broilers. Liver samples and ileal and cecal contents were collected and used to count total C. jejuni and to quantify the presence of each strain using a strain specific qPCR or PCR approach. Ileal tissue samples were also collected to analyze the relative expression level of tight junction proteins. While a 103 CFU inoculum of D2008b alone was not sufficient to induce intestinal colonization, this strain benefited from the G2008b colonization for its establishment in the gut and its extraintestinal spread. When the inoculum of D2008b was increased to 107 CFU - leading to its intestinal and hepatic colonization - a dominance of G2008b was measured in the gut and D2008b was found earlier in the liver for birds inoculated by both strains. In addition, a transcript level decrease of JAM2, CLDN5 and CLDN10 at 7 dpi and a transcript level increase of ZO1, JAM2, OCLN, CLDN10 were observed at 21 dpi for groups of birds having livers contaminated by C. jejuni. These discoveries suggest that C. jejuni would alter the intestinal barrier function probably to facilitate the hepatic dissemination. By in vitro co-culture assay, a growth arrest of D2008b was observed in the presence of G2008b after 48 h of culture. Based on these results, commensalism and competition seem to occur between both C. jejuni strains, and the dynamics of C. jejuni intestinal colonization and liver spread in broilers appear to be strain dependent. Further in vivo experimentations should be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of commensalism and competition between strains in order to develop adequate on-farm control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chagneau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Sophie Chagneau, ✉
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - William P. Thériault
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire Agroalimentaire du Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Alexandre Thibodeau, ✉
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10
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Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Duchemin T, P. Thériault W, Longpré J, Thibodeau A, Hocine MN, Fravalo P. Distinct Microbiotas Are Associated with Different Production Lines in the Cutting Room of a Swine Slaughterhouse. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010133. [PMID: 36677425 PMCID: PMC9862343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms found on fresh, raw meat cuts at a slaughterhouse can influence the meat's safety and spoilage patterns along further stages of processing. However, little is known about the general microbial ecology of the production environment of slaughterhouses. We used 16s rRNA sequencing and diversity analysis to characterize the microbiota heterogeneity on conveyor belt surfaces in the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse from different production lines (each associated with a particular piece/cut of meat). Variation of the microbiota over a period of time (six visits) was also evaluated. Significant differences of alpha and beta diversity were found between the different visits and between the different production lines. Bacterial genera indicative of each visit and production line were also identified. We then created random forest models that, based on the microbiota of each sample, allowed us to predict with 94% accuracy to which visit a sample belonged and to predict with 88% accuracy from which production line it was taken. Our results suggest a possible influence of meat cut on processing surface microbiotas, which could lead to better prevention, surveillance, and control of microbial contamination of meat during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Tom Duchemin
- MESuRS Laboratory (Modelling, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Health Risks), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
| | - William P. Thériault
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mounia N. Hocine
- MESuRS Laboratory (Modelling, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Health Risks), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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11
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Braley C, Fravalo P, Gaucher ML, Larivière-Gauthier G, Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Longpré J, Thibodeau A. Similar Carcass Surface Microbiota Observed Following Primary Processing of Different Pig Batches. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849883. [PMID: 35694297 PMCID: PMC9184759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination during meat processing is a concern for both food safety and for the shelf life of pork meat products. The gut microbiota of meat-producing animals is one of the most important sources of surface contamination of processed carcasses. This microbiota is recognized to vary between pigs from different farms and could thus be reflected on the bacterial contamination of carcasses at time of processing. In this study, the microbiota of 26 carcasses of pigs originating from different farms (i.e., batches) were compared to determine if an association could be observed between carcass surface microbiota (top and bottom) and the origin of slaughtered animals. The microbiota of the top and bottom carcass surface areas was analyzed by culturing classical indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, and lactic bacteria), by the detection of Salmonella, and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Culture results showed higher Enterobacteria, E. coli, and lactic bacteria counts for the bottom areas of the carcasses (neck/chest/shoulder) when compared to the top areas. Salmonella was not detected in any samples. Globally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a similar composition and diversity between the top and bottom carcass areas. Despite the presence of some genera associated with fecal contamination such as Terrisporobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Turicibacter, Clostridium sensustricto1, and Streptococcus on the carcass surface, sequencing analysis suggested that there was no difference between the different batches of samples from the top and bottom areas of the carcasses. The primary processing therefore appears to cause a uniformization of the carcass global surface microbiota, with some specific bacteria being different depending on the carcass area sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Braley
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Charlotte Braley,
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Center de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jessie Longpré
- Center de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Center de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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12
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Meniaï I, Thibodeau A, Quessy S, Parreira VR, Fravalo P, Beauchamp G, Gaucher ML. Putative antigenic proteins identified by comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology in necrotic enteritis-causing Clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:890. [PMID: 34903179 PMCID: PMC8666345 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is a disease with a major economic impact, generating losses estimated to 6 billion of dollars annually for the poultry industry worldwide. The incidence of the disease is particularly on the rise in broiler chicken flocks eliminating the preventive use of antibiotics. To date, no alternative allows for the efficient prevention of NE and a control of the disease using a vaccinal strategy would be mostly prized. For this purpose, comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology identifying putative immunogenic bacterial surface proteins is one of the most promising approaches. RESULTS A comparative genomic study was performed on 16 C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens and from broilers affected with necrotic enteritis. Results showed that the analyzed genomes were composed of 155,700 distinct proteins from which 13% were identified as extracellular, 65% as cytoplasmic and 22% as part of the bacterial membrane. The evaluation of the immunogenicity of these proteins was determined using the prediction software VaxiJen®. CONCLUSIONS For the most part, proteins with the highest scores were associated with an extracellular localisation. For all the proteins analyzed, the combination of both the immunogenicity score and the localisation prediction led to the selection of 12 candidate proteins that were mostly annotated as hypothetical proteins. We describe 6 potential candidates of higher interest due to their antigenic potential, their extracellular localisation, and their possible role in virulence of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Meniaï
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada. .,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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13
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Thibodeau A, Dumond P, Lemaire ED. Passive Rotation Angle Motion Validation for an Ankle-Foot Orthosis Multi-Jointed Surrogate Lower Limb Design. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:4555-4558. [PMID: 34892230 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are devices that assist lower limb motion. Mechanical testing an AFO would ideally load the device while worn on the leg, since AFO function is dependent on intimate leg contact. However, this is not appropriate for cyclic or load-to-failure applications. A surrogate lower limb (SLL) was designed for this AFO testing application, to provide anthropometric 3D movement when subjected to standard test loads. This novel four-joint SLL was inspired by the Rizzoli foot model, which segments the lower limb into five sections. SLL joint prototypes were validated by measuring rotation angles and comparing with typical anatomical ranges of motion. The 3D printed models were within acceptable variability of human joint movement and, therefore, were appropriate for use in the final SSL.
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14
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Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Thériault WP, Longpré J, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P. Use of an Ecosystem-Based Approach to Shed Light on the Heterogeneity of the Contamination Pattern of Listeria monocytogenes on Conveyor Belt Surfaces in a Swine Slaughterhouse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111368. [PMID: 34832524 PMCID: PMC8625388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the accompanying microbiota in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on meat processing surfaces is not yet understood, especially in industrial production conditions. In this study, 300 conveyor belt samples from the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse were collected during production. The samples were subjected to the detection of L. monocytogenes. Recovered strains were characterized by serogrouping-PCR, InlA Sanger sequencing and for their ability to form biofilm. A selection of isolates was compared with core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis (cgMLST). The sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S RNA gene of the microorganisms harvested from each sample was carried out in parallel using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Diversity analyses were performed and MaAsLin analysis was used to assess the link between L. monocytogenes detection and the surrounding bacteria. The 72 isolates collected showed a low genetic diversity and important persistence characteristics. L. monocytogenes isolates were not stochastically distributed on the surfaces: the isolates were detected on three out of six production lines, each associated with a specific meat cut: the half carcasses, the bostons and the picnics. MaAsLin biomarker analysis identified the taxa Veillonella (p ≤ 0.0397) as a bacterial determinant of the presence of L. monocytogenes on processing surfaces. The results of this study revealed a heterogenous contamination pattern of the processing surfaces by L. monocytogenes and targeted a bacterial indicator of the presence of the pathogen. These results could lead to a better risk assessment of the contamination of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - William P. Thériault
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pôle Agroalimentaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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15
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Beauchemin J, Fréchette A, Thériault W, Dufour S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Comparison of microbiota of recycled manure solids and straw bedding used in dairy farms in eastern Canada. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:389-408. [PMID: 34656347 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding is an alternative bedding option that is growing in popularity on Canadian dairy farms. However, the microbiological characteristics and production of RMS bedding are poorly documented under on-farm conditions in eastern Canada. This bedding could support the presence of pathogens and could have an effect on cow and human health. The aim of this study was to describe the RMS microbiota when used under dairy cows and compare it with straw bedding. Unused and used bedding from 27 RMS and 61 straw-bedded dairy farms were collected and compared using 16S amplicon sequencing, bacterial counts, and Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes detection. Microbiota composition of unused RMS and unused straw were different. After use, both bedding microbiota were similar in their bacterial composition, structure, and diversity. Unused RMS generally contained higher bacterial counts than did unused straw, except for Klebsiella spp. counts. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were more frequently detected in unused RMS (Salmonella spp.: 11%; L. monocytogenes: 30%), than in unused straw (Salmonella spp.: 0%; L. monocytogenes: 11%). Finally, 2 RMS production systems (extraction of the liquid fraction followed by maturation in an opened or enclosed container vs. in a heap) did not influence the microbiota richness and bacteria distribution (α-diversity), but did influence the microbiota structure (β-diversity). In conclusion, animal and human pathogens were found in greater numbers and more frequently in unused RMS than unused straw, and this could eventually affect dairy cow or human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Beauchemin
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada.
| | - Annie Fréchette
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Regroupement FRQ-NT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Pole Agro-alimentaire, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Le Cnam, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA-FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 Canada.
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16
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Rhouma M, Braley C, Thériault W, Thibodeau A, Quessy S, Fravalo P. Evolution of Pig Fecal Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection and Colistin Treatment in Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1459. [PMID: 34361896 PMCID: PMC8306681 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays several important roles in pig health and growth. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in the fecal microbiota diversity and composition of weaned piglets following an oral challenge with an ETEC: F4 strain and/or a treatment with colistin sulfate (CS). Twenty-eight piglets were used in this experiment and were divided into four groups: challenged untreated, challenged treated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Rectal swab samples were collected at five sampling times throughout the study. Total genomic DNA was used to assess the fecal microbiota diversity and composition using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance, the composition, and the community structure of piglet fecal microbiota was highly affected by the ETEC: F4 challenge throughout the experiment, while the oral treatment with CS, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, resulted in a significant decrease of E. coli/Shigella populations during the treatment period only. This study was the first to identify some gut microbiota subgroups (e.g., Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae) that are associated with healthy piglets as compared to ETEC: F4 challenged animals. These key findings might contribute to the development of alternative strategies to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the control of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charlotte Braley
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.B.); (W.T.); (A.T.); (S.Q.); (P.F.)
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), 292 rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France
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17
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Boubendir S, Arsenault J, Quessy S, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, ThÉriault WP, Fournaise S, Gaucher ML. Salmonella Contamination of Broiler Chicken Carcasses at Critical Steps of the Slaughter Process and in the Environment of Two Slaughter Plants: Prevalence, Genetic Profiles, and Association with the Final Carcass Status. J Food Prot 2021; 84:321-332. [PMID: 33513257 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen commonly associated with poultry products. The aims of this work were to (i) estimate the impact of critical steps of the slaughter process on Salmonella detection from broiler chicken carcasses in two commercial poultry slaughter plants in Quebec, Canada; (ii) investigate the presence of Salmonella in the slaughter plant environment; (iii) describe, using a high-resolution melting (HRM) approach, the HRM Salmonella profiles and serotypes present on carcasses and in the slaughter plant environment; and (iv) evaluate whether the HRM flock status after chilling could be predicted by the flock status at previous steps of the slaughter process, the status of previous flocks, or the status of the processing environment, for the same HRM profile. Eight visits were conducted in each slaughter plant over a 6-month period. In total, 379 carcass rinsates from 79 flocks were collected at five critical steps of the slaughter process. Environmental samples were also collected from seven critical sites in each slaughter plant. The bleeding step was the most contaminated, with >92% positive carcasses. A decrease of the contamination along the slaughtering process was noted, with carcasses sampled after dry-air chilling showing ≤2.5% Salmonella prevalence. The most frequently isolated serotypes were Salmonella Heidelberg, Kentucky, and Schwarzengrund. The detection of the Salmonella Heidelberg 1-1-1 HRM profile on carcasses after chilling was significantly associated with its detection at previous steps of the slaughter process and in previously slaughtered flocks from other farms during a same sampling day. Results highlight the importance of the chilling step in the control of Salmonella on broiler chicken carcasses and the need to further describe and compare the competitive advantage of Salmonella serotypes to survive processing. The current study also illustrates the usefulness of HRM typing in investigating Salmonella contamination along the slaughter process. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmane Boubendir
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA-FQRNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 2M2.,ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-7326 [J.A.]
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA-FQRNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Pole Agroalimentaire du Cnam, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - William P ThÉriault
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Sylvain Fournaise
- Olymel S.E.C./L.P., 2200 Avenue Léon-Pratte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 4B6
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA-FQRNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 2M2.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4848-0202 [M.L.G.]
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18
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Turcotte C, Thibodeau A, Quessy S, Topp E, Beauchamp G, Fravalo P, Archambault M, Gaucher ML. Impacts of Short-Term Antibiotic Withdrawal and Long-Term Judicious Antibiotic Use on Resistance Gene Abundance and Cecal Microbiota Composition on Commercial Broiler Chicken Farms in Québec. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:547181. [PMID: 33409294 PMCID: PMC7779680 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.547181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing problem of antibiotic resistance makes routine use of antibiotics in animal production no longer considered as a reasonable and viable practice. The Chicken Farmers of Canada have developed and are implementing an Antimicrobial Use Reduction Strategy, which has the ultimate goal of eliminating the preventive use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken and turkey production. However, very little is known about the real overall impact of an antibiotic use reduction strategy in complex ecosystems, such as the bird intestine or the commercial broiler chicken farm. The main objectives of the present study were to compare the abundance of antibiotic resistance-encoding genes, characterize the intestinal microbiota composition, and evaluate the presence of Clostridium perfringens, in six commercial poultry farms adopting short-term antibiotic withdrawal and long-term judicious use strategy. Implementing an antibiotic-free program over a 15-months period did not reduce the abundance of many antibiotic resistance-encoding genes, whereas the judicious use of antibiotics over 6 years was found effective. The short-term antibiotic withdrawal and the long-term judicious use strategy altered the intestinal microbiota composition, with the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families being negatively impacted. These findings are in agreement with the lower production performance and with the increased C. perfringens populations observed for farms phasing out the use of antibiotics. Adopting a conventional rearing program on commercial broiler chicken farms selected for specific antibiotic resistance-encoding genes in many barns. This study highlights the potential impacts of different rearing programs in poultry production and will help guide future policies in order to reduce the use of antibiotics while maintaining production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Turcotte
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Pôle Agroalimentaire du Cnam, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Marie Archambault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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19
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Rabhi N, Thibodeau A, Côté JC, Devillers N, Laplante B, Fravalo P, Larivière-Gauthier G, Thériault WP, Faucitano L, Beauchamp G, Quessy S. Association Between Tail-Biting and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:563762. [PMID: 33363226 PMCID: PMC7756002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.563762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tail-biting (TB) in pigs is a serious behavioral disorder. It is an important challenge in swine production as it impacts animal welfare and health and the economics and safety of the pork meat supply chain. To prevent TB, approaches including enrichment material and tail docking are proposed but none are optimal. Nutrition appears to be an important factor in TB behavior, perhaps by modulating the intestinal microbiota (IM). Our aim was to assess the association between TB behavior and IM in pigs through comparisons of IM in groups of biter, bitten and non-biter/non-bitten pigs. Each group composed of 12 pigs was formed at the beginning of the growing/finishing phase based on a target behavior analysis centered on TB behavior for the biter group and a score of damages caused to the tail for the bitten group. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each pig during a TB episode, at time 0, t0, and when the TB episode was considered finished, 4 weeks later, at time 1, t1. Serum cortisol level was determined by ELISA and used as an indicator of stress. The pig's fecal microbiota was analyzed from DNA extracted from freshly collected fecal matter using amplicon sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in either the biter or bitten pig groups compared to the negative control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). The microbiota alpha-diversity was not significantly different between all groups, biter, bitten and negative control. Analyses of beta-diversity, however, revealed a significant difference between either the biter or the bitten group in comparison to the non-biter/non-bitten negative control group in terms of structure and composition of the microbiota. Lactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the negative control group compared to the two other groups (p = 0.001). No significant difference was revealed between the biter and bitten groups. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) confirmed that lactobacilli were more abundant in the negative control group. Our study indicates that TB behavior is associated with the IM composition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Rabhi
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Côté
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - William P Thériault
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes - Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada (CRSV-CRSNG), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole - Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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20
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Lessard M, Blais M, Talbot G, Matte JJ, Letellier A, Thibodeau A, Guay F. 398 Towards new feeding approaches for optimizing nutritional status, immunity and host-microbiota interactions in neonatal and weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lactation, feeding conditions, microbial interventions and piglet growth in the first few weeks of life have important impact on the intestinal microbiota establishment and immune system development of piglets. Indeed, colostrum and milk contain various bioactive components such as immune factors, antimicrobial peptides and oligosaccharides that contribute to maintain intestinal homeostasis and regulate interactions between microbiota and host immune system. Recent results revealed that low birth weight piglet (LBWP) with poor weight gain during the first two weeks of life develop different intestinal microbiota and immune response profiles compared to high BWP (HBWP) littermates. Consequently, piglets within litters may have different resilience to infections after weaning and benefit from feed additives in a specific manner. A study has been performed to evaluate the potential of bovine colostrum extract (BC) as replacement to plasma proteins for improving gut health and resilience to Salmonella infection in piglets. Results revealed that in weaned piglets fed BC, intestinal microbiota was differently modulated and bacterial dysbiosis induced by Salmonella was restored faster. Moreover, expression of genes involved in innate immunity such as β-defensin-2 and glutathione peroxidase-2 was respectively down- and up-regulated in BC fed piglets. A combination of dietary supplementation with BC, cupper and vitamins A and D has also been tested in LBWP and HBWP, and there is clear evidence that BC in combination with other feed additives promote growth and gut health in both LBWP and HBWP. The porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 was used to better understand the functional properties of BC. Results indicated that BC improves wound healing, enhances barrier function and modulates the expression of several genes involved in innate immune response. Finally, as microbial intervention, the potential of fecal transplantation to modulate intestinal microbiota and immune system development of piglets is under investigation and will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann Letellier
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Sows affect their piglets' faecal microbiota until fattening but not their Salmonella enterica shedding status. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:113-120. [PMID: 33030230 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Salmonella shedding status affects sows' microbiota during gestation and that these modifications are reflected in the faecal microbiota of their piglets at weaning. The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the persistence, up to the fattening period, of the previously measured link between the microbiota of piglets and their mothers' Salmonella shedding status; and (b) measure the impact of the measured microbiota variations on their Salmonella excretion at this stage. To achieve this, 76 piglets born from 19 sows for which the faecal microbiota was previously documented, were selected in a multisite production system. The faecal matter of these swine was sampled after 4 weeks, at the fattening stage. The Salmonella shedding status and faecal microbiota of these animals were described using bacteriological and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing respectively. The piglet digestive microbiota association with the Salmonella shedding status of their sows did not persist after weaning and did not affect the risk of Salmonella excretion during fattening, while the birth mother still affected the microbiota of the swine at fattening. This supports the interest in sows as a target for potentially transferrable microbiota modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Larivière-Gauthier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NSERC, Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - A Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NSERC, Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - É Yergeau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - P Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NSERC, Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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22
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Blais M, Verso LL, Thibodeau A, Harel J, Fravalo P, Lessard M. Modulation of piglet’s immune system development with fecal microbial transplantation. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.92.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) as a novel strategy to modulate the postnatal development of porcine immune system and the establishment of the intestinal microbiota in newborn piglets. Ten litters were used for the experiment. At birth, four piglets were identified in each litter and randomly assigned to the control (CTRL) and the FMT groups. At 3,4,8,9, and 10 days of age, piglets in the FMT group were orally administered with FMT material suspended in 10% bovine colostrum solution. The FMT was prepared with an equal mixture of fecal material harvested from healthy suckling and fully weaned piglets. Control group was inoculated with the vehicle solution. Animals were then euthanized at d 22 to identify the leukocyte subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and blood by flow cytometry and to characterize the microbiota from ileum, caecum and colon by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that FMT reduced the overall number of T lymphocytes (CD3+) both in blood and MLN (P<0.05). Blood percentages of Th lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+CD8α−) were also reduced in piglets receiving FMT (P<0.05), as well as γδ T lymphocyte (CD3+γδ+) and monocyte/macrophage (SWC3+CD14+) concentrations in the MLN (P<0.05). On the other hand, FMT increased the blood percentage of NK cells (CD3−CD4−CD8α+CD16+) (P<0.01). Results obtained from the microflora analysis confirmed that FMT administration affected piglet’s colon microbiota. In conclusion, although it had a mild impact on hindgut microflora, we observed that FMT has the potential to modulate the immune system development in newborn piglets. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the long-lasting effects of FMT on animal health.
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23
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Trudeau S, Thibodeau A, Côté JC, Gaucher ML, Fravalo P. Contribution of the Broiler Breeders' Fecal Microbiota to the Establishment of the Eggshell Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32351488 PMCID: PMC7176364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In broiler chicken production, microbial populations on the eggshell surface following oviposition are still poorly characterized, though they may significantly impact both poultry and public health. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiota of both broiler breeder hens’ feces and the surface of their eggs to assess the contribution of the parental fecal microbiota to the eggshell microbiota. A total of twelve breeder flocks in Quebec, Canada, were sampled at two different times, and a total of 940 feces and 16,400 egg surface samples were recovered. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we showed that even if the microbiota of both feces and eggshells were mainly composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, the bacterial community compositions and structures differed between both types of samples. Our results also showed that both the sampling time and the flock identity significantly influenced the alpha- and the beta-diversities of the studied microbiomes. Using a Venn diagram, we showed that 1790 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between feces and eggshell samples. Sequences associated with genera of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, Acinetobacter, Campylobacter, Escherichia/Shigella, Helicobacter, Listeria, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus, were shared between sample types. Some OTUs highly represented in the fecal microbiota and associated with Lactobacillus and Streptococcus genera, were absent from eggshells, suggesting a selection during the microbiota transfer and/or the potential role of environmental contamination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using 16S rRNA sequencing to describe the contribution of the transfer from the fecal microbial ecosystem of laying breeder hens to the establishment of the microbiota on the surface of laid eggs, as well as the bacterial communities at both the broiler breeder feces and the eggshell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Trudeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Côté
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Pôle Agroalimentaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), Paris, France
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24
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Soumaila Garba A, Thibodeau A, Perron A, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Letellier A, Fravalo P. Correction: In vitro efficacy of potentiated egg yolk powder against Campylobacter jejuni does not correlate with in vitro efficacy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215699. [PMID: 30990866 PMCID: PMC6467398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Soumaila Garba A, Thibodeau A, Perron A, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Letellier A, Fravalo P. In vitro efficacy of potentiated egg yolk powder against Campylobacter jejuni does not correlate with in vitro efficacy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212946. [PMID: 30845147 PMCID: PMC6405129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic agent responsible for the foodborne gastroenteritis campylobacteriosis. Control of C. jejuni load in the poultry primary production is recognized as an avenue to reduce human exposure to the pathogen. As for now, no commercially applicable control methods exist at the farm. Several studies tested egg yolk powders, potentiated or not against C. jejuni, as feed additives for chicken and suggested that the quantity and quality of the antibodies presence in the yolk are determinant factors for the full success of this approach. Unfortunately, data from these studies inconsistently showed a reduction of cecal C. jejuni carriage. Our first goal wwas to characterize (quantification by ELISA, agglutination test, bacterial antigen recognition profiles by Western blot, bactericidal effect by serum killing assays and C. jejuni mobility by soft agar migation) the antibodies extracted from egg yolk powders originating from different egg production protocols. Secondly, these powders were microencapsulated and recharacterized. Finally the protected powders were tested as a feed additive to destabilize C. jejuni colonization in an in vivo assay. Despite the in vitro results indicating the ability of the egg yolk powders to recognize Campylobacter and potentially alter its colonization of the chicken caecum, these results were not confirmed in the in vivo trial despite that specific caecal IgY directed toward Campylobacter were detected in the groups receiving the protected powders. More research is needed on Campylobacter in order to effectively control this pathogen at the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Soumaila Garba
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Perron
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvette Laurent-Lewandowski
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire de Recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Lafrance-Girard C, Arsenault J, Thibodeau A, Opsteegh M, Avery B, Quessy S. Toxoplasma gondiiin Retail Beef, Lamb, and Pork in Canada: Prevalence, Quantification, and Risk Factors from a Public Health Perspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marieke Opsteegh
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brent Avery
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Salmonella
shedding status of the sow affects the microbiota of their piglets at weaning. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:411-423. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Larivière-Gauthier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Letellier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - É. Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec; Laval QC Canada
| | - P. Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
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28
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Kagambèga A, Thibodeau A, Trinetta V, Soro DK, Sama FN, Bako É, Bouda CS, Wereme N’Diaye A, Fravalo P, Barro N. Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in poultry feces and carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1601-1606. [PMID: 30258603 PMCID: PMC6145270 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Salmonella and Campylobacter as foodborne pathogens is well recognized worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are commonly considered as the major vehicles of Salmonella and Campylobacter infection in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the hygienic status of poultry facilities and determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in slaughtered poultry feces and carcasses in four different markets in Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso. A total of 103 poultry feces and 20 carcasses were analyzed using microbiological standard methods. Among the 103 fecal samples, 70 were positive for Campylobacter ssp (67.96%) and 54 for Salmonella ssp (52.42%). The hippurate hydrolysis test revealed that among the 70 Campylobacter strains isolated from feces, 49 were C. jejuni (70%) and 21 were C. coli (30%). From the 20 carcasses analyzed, 18 were contaminated with Salmonella (90%) and 10 with Campylobacter ssp (50%). Among the 10 Campylobacter ssp samples isolated from poultry carcasses, all were identified as C. jejuni using the API CAMPY system and the hippurate hydrolysis test. The assessment of markets hygienic practices for production, transportation, display, and vending of meat revealed unhygienic conditions. To complete the observation of unhygienic practices, we have sampled chicken-washing solution from the study sites and microbiological analysis of these samples revealed the presence of Salmonella spp in 100% of the samples. This study highlighted that poultry products on sale in Ouagadougou are highly contaminated with Salmonella and Campylobacter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing Campylobacter presence in the poultry industry of Burkina Faso. Our findings might help to better understand the epidemiology of Salmonella and Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
- Institut Des Sciences (IDS)Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Veterinary Medicine FacultyDepartment of Pathology and MicrobiologyNSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat‐Safety (CRSV)University of MontrealSaint‐HyacintheQCCanada
| | | | - Daniel K. Soro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
| | - Florent N. Sama
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
| | - Évariste Bako
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
| | - Caroline S. Bouda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
| | - Aïssata Wereme N’Diaye
- Institut national de l'environnement et de recherches agricolesCNRST/INERA/CREAFOuagadougou 01Burkina Faso
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Veterinary Medicine FacultyDepartment of Pathology and MicrobiologyNSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat‐Safety (CRSV)University of MontrealSaint‐HyacintheQCCanada
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI‐ZERBOOuagadougou 03Burkina Faso
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Gaucher ML, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Archambault M, Arsenault J, Fournaise S, Letellier A, Quessy S. Broiler chicken carcasses and their associated abattoirs as a source of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens: Prevalence and critical steps for contamination. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:439-454. [PMID: 31294226 PMCID: PMC6604940 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens ranks among the three most frequent bacterial pathogens causing human foodborne diseases in Canada, and poultry meat products are identified as a source of infection for humans. The objective of the current study was to estimate the proportion of broiler chicken flocks, carcasses and various environmental samples from critical locations of the slaughter plant positive for the presence of C. perfringens enterotoxin encoding gene (cpe). From the 16 visits conducted, 25% of the 79 flocks sampled, 10% of the 379 carcasses sampled and 5% of the 217 environmental samples collected were found positive for cpe. The proportion of cpe-positive carcasses was statistically different between surveyed plants, with 17.0% for one abattoir and 2.2% for the other. For the most contaminated plant, cpe-positive carcasses were identified at each step of the processing line, with prevalence varying between 10.0% and 25.0%, whereas this prevalence varied between 0% and 25.0% for the environmental surfaces sampled. Based on the results obtained, enterotoxigenic C. perfringens strains could potentially represent a risk for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Fournaise
- Olymel S.E.C./L.P., Québec, Canada, 2200 Avenue Léon-Pratte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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30
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Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Perron A, Lewandowski SL, Letellier A. Production and characterization of anti-Campylobacter jejuni IgY derived from egg yolks. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:80. [PMID: 29208016 PMCID: PMC5717825 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of foodborne disease having chickens as an important reservoir. Its control at the farm would lower the contamination of the final products and therefore also lower the risk of transmission to humans. At the farm, C. jejuni is rarely found in chickens before they reach 2 weeks of age. Past studies have shown that maternal antibodies could hamper C. jejuni gut colonization. The objective of this study was to compare protocols to use in order to produce anti-C. jejuni antibodies derived from egg yolks in the perspective to be used as feed additives for the control of chicken C. jejuni colonization. Laying hens were naturally contaminated with four well-characterized strains or injected with either outer membrane proteins or formalin-killed whole bacteria derived from these same strains. Eggs were collected and IgYs present in the yolks were extracted. The amount and the specificity of the recovered antibodies were characterized. Results It was observed that injection yielded eggs with superior concentrations of both total and anti-C. jejuni antibodies. Equivalent performances for antibodies recovered from all protocols were observed for the ability of the antibodies to agglutinate the live C. jejuni homologous strains, to hinder their motility or to lyse the bacteria. Western blot analyses showed that proteins from all strains could be recognized by all IgY extracts. All these characteristics were strain specific. The characterization assays were also made for heterologous strains and weaker results were observed when compared to the homologous strains. Conclusions Based on these results, only an IgY quantitative based selection can be made in regards to which protocol would give the best anti-C. jejuni IgY enriched egg-yolks as all tested protocols were equivalent in terms of the recovered antibody ability to recognized the tested C. jejuni strains.
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31
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Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Reduction of Salmonella Shedding by Sows during Gestation in Relation to Its Fecal Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2219. [PMID: 29209285 PMCID: PMC5701629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork meat is estimated to be responsible for 10–20% of human salmonellosis cases in Europe. Control strategies at the farm could reduce contamination at the slaughterhouse. One of the targeted sectors of production is maternity, where sows could be Salmonella reservoirs. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of shedding of Salmonella in terms of variation in both shedding prevalence and strains excreted during gestation in Quebec’s maternity sector. The evolution of the fecal microbiota of these sows during gestation was also assessed to detect bacterial populations associated with these variations. A total of 73 sows both at the beginning and the end of the gestation were randomly selected and their fecal matter was analyzed. Salmonella detection was conducted using a method that includes two selective enrichment media (MSRV and TBG). Nine isolates per positive samples were collected. Among the 73 sows tested, 27 were shedding Salmonella. Sows in the first third of their gestation shed Salmonella significantly more frequently (21/27) than those in the last third (6/46) (χ2P < 0.05). The shedding status of 19 of the sows that were previously sampled in the first third of their gestation was followed, this time in the last third of their gestation, which confirmed reduction of shedding. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, significant differences between the fecal flora of sows at the beginning and the end of the gestation, shedding Salmonella or not and with different parity number were detected. Using MaAsLin, multiple OTUs were found to be associated with the time of gestation, the status of Salmonella excretion and parity number. Some of the identified taxa could be linked to the reduction of the shedding of Salmonella at the end of gestation. In this study, we showed that the level of Salmonella shedding was variable during gestation with significantly higher shedding at the beginning rather than at the end of gestation. We also observed for the first time a significant change in the microbiota during sow gestation and identified interesting taxa which could be linked to a reduced Salmonella shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Trigui H, Lee K, Thibodeau A, Lévesque S, Mendis N, Fravalo P, Letellier A, Faucher SP. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Responses of Campylobacter jejuni Suspended in an Artificial Freshwater Medium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1781. [PMID: 28979243 PMCID: PMC5611540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of campylobacteriosis in the developed world. Although most cases are caused by consumption of contaminated meat, a significant proportion is linked to ingestion of contaminated water. The differences between C. jejuni strains originating from food products and those isolated from water are poorly understood. Working under the hypothesis that water-borne C. jejuni strains are better equipped at surviving the nutrient-poor aquatic environment than food-borne strains, the present study aims to characterize these differences using outbreak strains 81116 and 81-176. Strain 81116 caused a campylobacteriosis outbreak linked to consumption of water, while strain 81-176 was linked to consumption of raw milk. CFU counts and viability assays showed that 81116 survives better than 81-176 at 4°C in a defined freshwater medium (Fraquil). Moreover, 81116 was significantly more resistant to oxidative stress and bile salt than strain 81-176 in Fraquil. To better understand the genetic response of 81116 to water, a transcriptomic profiling study was undertaken using microarrays. Compared to rich broth, strain 81116 represses genes involved in amino acid uptake and metabolism, as well as genes involved in costly biosynthetic processes such as replication, translation, flagellum synthesis and virulence in response to Fraquil. In accordance with the observed increase in stress resistance in Fraquil, 81116 induces genes involved in resistance to oxidative stress and bile salt. Interestingly, genes responsible for cell wall synthesis were also induced upon Fraquil exposure. Finally, twelve unique genes were expressed in Fraquil; however, analysis of their distribution in animal and water isolates showed that they are not uniquely and ubiquitously present in water isolates, and thus, unlikely to play a major role in adaptation to water. Our results show that some C. jejuni strains are more resilient than others, thereby challenging current water management practices. The response of 81116 to Fraquil serves as a starting point to understand the adaptation of C. jejuni to water and its subsequent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Trigui
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Kristen Lee
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec (LSPQ)/Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Nilmini Mendis
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Sébastien P Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
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Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Larrivière-Gauthier G, Fravalo P. Lack of Evidence That Selenium-Yeast Improves Chicken Health and Modulates the Caecal Microbiota in the Context of Colonization by Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:451. [PMID: 28367146 PMCID: PMC5355472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with ever-increasing demand, the industrial production of food animals is under pressure to increase its production. In order to keep productivity, quality, and safety standards up while reducing the use of antibiotics, farmers are seeking new feed additives. In chicken production, one of these additives is selenium. This element is expected to confer some advantages in terms of animal health and productivity, but its impact on chicken intestinal microbiota as well as on the carriage of foodborne pathogens is unknown. In this study, chickens raised in a level 2 animal facility were fed or not 0.3 ppm of in-feed selenium-yeast until 35 days of age and were inoculated or not with the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni at the age of 14 days. At the end of the study, body weight, seric IgY, intestinal IgA, seric gluthatione peroxydase activity, the caecal microbiota (analyzed by MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing), and C. jejuni caecal levels were analyzed. The experiment was completely replicated twice, with two independent batches of chickens. This study revealed that, for healthy chickens raised in very good hygienic conditions, selenium-yeast does not influence the bird’s body weight and lowers their seric gluthatione peroxidase activity as well as their intestinal IgA concentrations. Furthermore, selenium-yeast did not modify the caecal microbiota or the colonization of C. jejuni. The results also showed that C. jejuni colonization does not impact any of the measured chicken health parameters and only slightly impacts the caecal microbiota. This study also clearly illustrated the need for true biological replication (independent animal trials) when assessing the microbiota shifts associated with treatments as the chickens microbiotas clearly clustered according to study replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal - NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal - NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Research Centre, Université du Québec, Laval QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Larrivière-Gauthier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal - NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal - NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Saint-Hyacinthe QC, Canada
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Trigui H, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Letellier A, P Faucher S. Survival in water of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the slaughterhouse. Springerplus 2015; 4:799. [PMID: 26702388 PMCID: PMC4688295 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni cause gastroenteritis in humans. The main transmission vector is the consumption or handling of contaminated chicken meat, since chicken can be colonized asymptomatically by C. jejuni. However, water has been implicated as the transmission vector in a few outbreaks. One possibility is the contamination of water effluent by C. jejuni originating from chicken farm. The ability of C. jejuni to be transmitted by water would be closely associated to its ability to survive in water. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the ability of reference strains and chicken-isolated strains to survive in water. Defined water media were used, since the composition of tap water is variable. We showed that some isolates survive better than others in defined freshwater (Fraquil) and that the survival was affected by temperature and the concentration of NaCl. By comparing the ability of C. jejuni to survive in water with other phenotypic properties previously tested, we showed that the ability to survive in water was negatively correlated with autoagglutination. Our data showed that not all chicken isolates have the same ability to survive in water, which is probably due to difference in genetic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Trigui
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreeal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreeal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreeal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC Canada
| | - Sebastien P Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
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Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Yergeau É, Arsenault J, Lahaye L, Letellier A. Chicken Caecal Microbiome Modifications Induced by Campylobacter jejuni Colonization and by a Non-Antibiotic Feed Additive. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131978. [PMID: 26161743 PMCID: PMC4498643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis in humans. Chickens are often colonized at very high numbers by C. jejuni, up to 10(9) CFU per gram of caecal content, with no detrimental effects on their health. Farm control strategies are being developed to lower the C. jejuni contamination of chicken food products in an effort to reduce human campylobacteriosis incidence. It is believed that intestinal microbiome composition may affect gut colonization by such undesirable bacteria but, although the chicken microbiome is being increasingly characterized, information is lacking on the factors affecting its modulation, especially by foodborne pathogens. This study monitored the effects of C. jejuni chicken caecal colonization on the chicken microbiome in healthy chickens. It also evaluated the capacity of a feed additive to affect caecal bacterial populations and to lower C. jejuni colonization. From day-0, chickens received or not a microencapsulated feed additive and were inoculated or not with C. jejuni at 14 days of age. Fresh caecal content was harvested at 35 days of age. The caecal microbiome was characterized by real time quantitative PCR and Ion Torrent sequencing. We observed that the feed additive lowered C. jejuni caecal count by 0.7 log (p<0.05). Alpha-diversity of the caecal microbiome was not affected by C. jejuni colonization or by the feed additive. C. jejuni colonization modified the caecal beta-diversity while the feed additive did not. We observed that C. jejuni colonization was associated with an increase of Bifidobacterium and affected Clostridia and Mollicutes relative abundances. The feed additive was associated with a lower Streptococcus relative abundance. The caecal microbiome remained relatively unchanged despite high C. jejuni colonization. The feed additive was efficient in lowering C. jejuni colonization while not disturbing the caecal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d’enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AT); (AL)
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d’enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- National Research Council of Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d’enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Ann Letellier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d’enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AT); (AL)
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Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Taboada EN, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Guévremont E, Quessy S, Letellier A. Extensive characterization of Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates to uncover genes involved in the ability to compete for gut colonization. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 25958385 PMCID: PMC4425865 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for human foodborne enteritis. This bacterium is a remarkable colonizer of the chicken gut, with some strains outcompeting others for colonization. To better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to extensively characterize the phenotypic performance of C. jejuni chicken strains and associate their gut colonizing ability with specific genes. RESULTS C. jejuni isolates (n = 45) previously analyzed for the presence of chicken colonization associated genes were further characterized for phenotypic properties influencing colonization: autoagglutination and chemotaxis as well as adhesion to and invasion of primary chicken caecal cells. This allowed strains to be ranked according to their in vitro performance. After their in vitro capacity to outcompete was demonstrated in vivo, strains were then typed by comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF). In vitro phenotypical properties displayed a linear variability among the tested strains. Strains possessing higher scores for phenotypical properties were able to outcompete others during chicken colonization trials. When the gene content of strains was compared, some were associated with different phenotypical scores and thus with different outcompeting capacities. Use of CGF profiles showed an extensive genetic variability among the studied strains and suggested that the outcompeting capacity is not predictable by CGF profile. CONCLUSION This study revealed a wide array of phenotypes present in C. jejuni strains, even though they were all recovered from chicken caecum. Each strain was classified according to its in vitro competitive potential and its capacity to compete for chicken gut colonization was associated with specific genes. This study also exposed the disparity existing between genetic typing and phenotypical behavior of C. jejuni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thibodeau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Eduardo N Taboada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Sylvette Laurent-Lewandowski
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Evelyne Guévremont
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research and Development Centre, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Ann Letellier
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), University of Montreal, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Garneau P, Masson L, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Quessy S, Harel J, Letellier A. Distribution of colonization and antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:382-91. [PMID: 23510494 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important worldwide foodborne pathogen commonly found as a commensal organism in poultry that can reach high numbers within the gut after colonization. Although information regarding some genes involved in colonization is available, little is known about their distribution in strains isolated specifically from chickens and whether there is a linkage between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and colonization genes. To assess the distribution and relevance of genes associated with chicken colonization and AMR, a C. jejuni microarray was created to detect 254 genes of interest in colonization and AMR including variants. DNA derived from chicken-specific Campylobacter isolates collected in 2003 (n=29) and 2008 (n=28) was hybridized to the microarray and compared. Hybridization results showed variable colonization-associated gene presence. Acquired AMR genes were low in prevalence whereas chemotaxis receptors, arsenic resistance genes, as well as genes from the cell envelope and flagella functional groups were highly variable in their presence. Strains clustered into two groups, each linked to different control strains, 81116 and NCTC11168. Clustering was found to be independent of collection time. We also show that AMR weakly associated with the CJ0628 and arsR genes. Although other studies have implicated numerous genes associated with C. jejuni chicken colonization, our data on chicken-specific isolates suggest the opposite. The enormous variability in presumed colonization gene prevalence in our chicken isolates suggests that many are of lesser importance than previously thought. Alternatively, this also suggests that combinations of genes may be required for natural colonization of chicken intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thibodeau
- Industrial-CRSNG Meat Safety Research, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
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Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Guévremont E, Quessy S, Letellier A. Presence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni in organically raised chickens in Quebec. Can J Vet Res 2011; 75:298-307. [PMID: 22468028 PMCID: PMC3187637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the presence of the important foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in organically raised chickens in the province of Quebec. The recovered isolates were further characterized for their antimicrobial resistance profile, autoagglutination property and chemotaxis. Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated using agar dilution for: tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, ampicillin, azithromycin, bacitracin, and ceftiofur. Autoagglutination was measured by monitoring optical density changes in a bacterial suspension after 3 h of incubation at room temperature. Chemotaxis was evaluated after a contact time of 3 h between isolates and mucin, using a quantitative protocol. A total of 10 lots of chickens was sampled in August and September 2009; half of them were positive for the presence of C. jejuni. Antimicrobial resistance was found only for tetracycline (44%), erythromycin (6%), azithromycin (6%) and clindamycin (2%). Variation was observed in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ceftiofur and bacitracin, for which C. jejuni possess intrinsic resistance. Autoagglutination and chemotaxis varied among isolates and lot-level differences in these were observed. Autoagglutination and chemotaxis levels appeared as independent isolate properties. Further monitoring and characterization of isolates originating from organic chickens is of interest since this type of production might represent another source of exposure of consumers to a variety of the foodborne pathogen C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Letellier
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Ann Letellier; telephone: (450) 773-8521, ext. 8640; fax: (450) 778-8157; e-mail:
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Thibodeau A, Quessy S, Guévremont E, Houde A, Topp E, Diarra MS, Letellier A. Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coll and Enterococcus spp. isolates from commercial broiler chickens receiving growth-promoting doses of bacitracin or virginiamycin. Can J Vet Res 2008; 72:129-136. [PMID: 18505201 PMCID: PMC2276897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial agents such as zinc bacitracin (ZB) and virginiamycin (VG) are used as growth promoting agents (GP) in broiler chicken production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of ZB and VG on the emergence of antibacterial resistance in a commercial broiler chicken farm. Three trials were conducted using 3 different diets: one without antibacterial agents, one containing VG, and one with ZB. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated and tested for their susceptibility to various antibacterial agents. The occurrence of the resistance genes vatD, ermB, and bcrR in Enterococcus spp. isolates was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparative quantification of vatD and bcrR genes in total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracts from litter was done by SYBR Green Real-Time PCR (QPCR). Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from diet groups had different levels of resistance to various antibacterial agents over time. These GPs did not select for specific antibacterial agent resistance (AAR) in Enterococcus spp. The use of GPs seemed to lower the percentage of E. coli isolates resistant to some antibacterial agents. The presence of the bcrR gene could not explain all resistant phenotypes to ZB. Genes other than vatD and ermB might be involved in the resistance to VG in Enterococcus spp. Use of GPs was not associated with presence of the bcrR gene in DNA extracts from litter, but use of VG was associated with vatD presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thibodeau
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Alexandre Thibodeau; telephone: (450) 773-8521 ext. 1-8640; fax: (450) 778-8157; e-mail:
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Lesur O, Brisebois M, Thibodeau A, Chagnon F, Lane D, Füllöp T. Role of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in rat lung epithelial cell migration and apoptosis after oxidant injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L4-L14. [PMID: 12922984 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, IFN-gamma exposure to primary cultures of rat type II epithelial cells (TIIP) upregulated membrane expression of the common gamma-chain of the IL-2 receptor (approximately 2.5- to 4-fold increase) and redistributed receptor affinity in TIIP, as assessed by Western blot, cell, and tissue histochemistry and Scatchard analysis. As for restitution processes of the lung epithelium, functionality of IL-2R on TIIP was conditional to IFN-gamma exposure: 1) IFN-gamma priming promoted a fivefold increase of IL-2-driven TIIP locomotion (P < 0.05 vs. control at 100 U/ml) and 2) IFN-gamma coincubation with IL-2 reduced bleomycin-induced TIIP apoptosis in vitro by 25% (caspase-3 activity) and by approximately 70% (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling/4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole assay) as well as in vivo by approximately 90% (caspase-3 activity; P < 0.05 vs. control). Sustained p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity played a protective role in this process, whereas specific inhibition by PD-98059 (50 microM) significantly reversed bleomycin-induced TIIP apoptosis (P < 0.05 vs. control). From these in vitro and in vivo data, it is proposed that combinations of IFN-gamma and IL-2 can drive repair activity of TIIP by stimulating migration and preventing programmed cell death, both of which are speculated to be very fast restitution events after oxidant-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lesur
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiopathologie Respiratoire, and Soins Intensif Médicaux, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
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Lavoie SB, Albert AL, Thibodeau A, Vincent M. Heat shock-induced alterations in phosphorylation of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II as revealed by monoclonal antibodies CC-3 and MPM-2. Biochem Cell Biol 1999; 77:367-74. [PMID: 10546900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II plays an important role in the regulation of transcriptional activity and is also implicated in pre-mRNA processing. Different stresses, such as a heat shock, induce a marked alteration in the phosphorylation of this domain. The expression of stress genes by RNA polymerase II, to the detriment of other genes, could be attributable to such modifications of the phosphorylation sites. Using two phosphodependent antibodies recognizing distinct hyperphosphorylated forms of RNA polymerase II largest subunit, we studied the phosphorylation state of the subunit in different species after heat shocks of varying intensities. One of these antibodies, CC-3, preferentially recognizes the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit under normal conditions, but its reactivity is diminished during stress. In contrast, the other antibody used, MPM-2, demonstrated a strong reactivity after a heat shock in most species studied. Therefore, CC-3 and MPM-2 antibodies discriminate between phosphoisomers that may be functionally different. Our results further indicate that the pattern of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in most species varies in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Lavoie
- Centre de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des proteins et Département de médecine, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada
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Berbari P, Thibodeau A, Germain L, Saint-Cyr M, Gaudreau P, Elkhouri S, Dupont E, Garrel DR, Elkouri S, El-Khouri S. Antiangiogenic effects of the oral administration of liquid cartilage extract in humans. J Surg Res 1999; 87:108-13. [PMID: 10527711 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1999.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiangiogenic properties of shark cartilage extracts have been demonstrated in animal models but there are no data in human subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A placebo or one of two doses of a liquid shark cartilage extract was orally administered daily, from Day 1 to Day 23 of the study protocol, to 29 healthy male volunteers randomized into three groups. On Day 12, a polyvinyl alcohol sponge threaded in a perforated silicone tubing was inserted subcutaneously on the anterior side of the arm and removed on Day 23. Evaluation of endothelial cell density, with factor VIII immunostaining, an indirect measurement of angiogenesis, was performed on histological sections of the implant using a semiquantitative numerical scale ranging from 1 (low density) to 5 (high density). The hydroxyproline content of the sponges was measured by HPLC. RESULTS The mean endothelial cell density was significantly lower in groups that had received the liquid cartilage extract: grades 2.24 +/- 0.10, 2.47 +/- 0.10, and 3.15 +/- 0.11 for 7 and 21 ml liquid cartilage extract and placebo, respectively (P < 0.01 for both comparisons). No grade 1 was observed in the placebo group, whereas 9 treated subjects received a grade 1. Hydroxyproline content of the sponges did not differ between groups and there was no significant correlation between hydroxyproline content and endothelial cell density in the sponges. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the liquid cartilage extract contains an antiangiogenic component bioavailable in humans by oral administration. This is the first report of an inhibition of wound angiogenesis in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Berbari
- Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, University of Montreal Medical School, Montreal, Canada
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43
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Dupont E, Savard PE, Jourdain C, Juneau C, Thibodeau A, Ross N, Marenus K, Maes DH, Pelletier G, Sauder DN. Antiangiogenic properties of a novel shark cartilage extract: potential role in the treatment of psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg 1998; 2:146-52. [PMID: 9479080 DOI: 10.1177/120347549800200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of inflammatory and immune diseases are associated with vascular changes. Psoriasis, as an example, is a common inflammatory skin disease with dilation of capillaries as an early histological change. In more developed psoriatic lesions there is proliferation of blood vessels and neovascularization. The use of agents that target these vascular changes represents a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Since cartilage is an avascular tissue, it has been hypothesized that there may be factors found in cartilage that inhibit blood vessel formation. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether extracts of cartilage could inhibit angiogenesis, and 2) since altered angiogenesis is associated with certain diseases, including psoriasis, to examine whether inhibition of angiogenesis could potentially contribute to the treatment of psoriasis. METHODS Extracts of shark cartilage were prepared by homogenization and ultrafiltration to derive the active agent termed AE -941. This agent was tested for antiangiogenesis activity using the embryonic vascularization test, which is a modification of the ex vivo chick embryo culture (CAM). Since one of the first steps in angiogenesis is degradation by metalloproteinases of the basement membrane of capillaries, AE -941 was tested for collagenase activity using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Anti-inflammatory properties were tested using a cutaneous irritation model in humans. RESULTS A dose dependent inhibition in embryonic neovascularization as well as in collagenase activity by AE -941 was demonstrated. When test compounds were applied on the forearms of test subjects, AE -941 was shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Anecdotal data suggested that topical AE -941 had a beneficial effect in psoriasis. CONCLUSION Our results show that AE -941 has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Antiangiogenesis agents such as AE -941 provide an entirely new class of agents to treat cutaneous and systemic diseases associated with altered vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dupont
- Les Laboratoires Aeterna, Ste-Foy, PQ, Canada
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Yao X, Karam SM, Ramilo M, Rong Q, Thibodeau A, Forte JG. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by cAMP in a novel alpha-toxin-permeabilized gland model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 1996; 271:C61-73. [PMID: 8760031 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion involves a transient elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) cascade through phosphorylation, whose actions ultimately effect the fusion of H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase)-containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane of parietal cells. To dissect the signaling events underlying gastric acid secretion, we have developed a permeabilized gastric gland model using Staphylococcus alpha-toxin. The advantage of this model is its ability to retain cytosolic components that are required for the secretory machinery. Here we show that acid secretion in alpha-toxin-permeabilized glands is a cAMP-dependent process, reaching a maximal stimulation at 100 microM cAMP. The cAMP-elicited acid secretion, as monitored by the accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine (AP), required functional mitochondria or exogenously supplied ATP. Maximal stimulation elicited by cAMP for AP uptake by permeabilized glands was 51-85% of intact glands. Moreover, secretory activity was potentiated by 0.1 mM ATP. The recruitment of H(+)-K(+)-ATPase-rich tubulovesicles into the apical plasma membrane was measured using biochemical and morphological assays, thus validating the cell activation processes in response to cAMP. From this permeabilized model, [gamma-32P]ATP was used to directly phosphorylate target proteins. A number of proteins whose phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is specifically modulated by cAMP were found. These studies establish the first permeabilized gland model in which the resting-to-secreting transition can be triggered and show that cAMP-mediated phosphorylation is correlated with secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Khandjian EW, Fortin A, Thibodeau A, Tremblay S, Côté F, Devys D, Mandel JL, Rousseau F. A heterogeneous set of FMR1 proteins is widely distributed in mouse tissues and is modulated in cell culture. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:783-9. [PMID: 7633436 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.5.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fragile X syndrome is an X-linked inherited disease and is the result of transcriptional inactivation of the FMR1 gene and the absence of its encoded FMR protein (FMRP). Using a specific monoclonal antibody directed against human FMRP, we have studied the steady-state levels of its murine homolog in several tissues and organs of adult and young mice. In immunoblot analyses, the antibody recognizes a heterogeneous subset of proteins with apparent molecular weights ranging from 80 to 70 kDa. These proteins are detected in all the 27 tissues tested; however, the relative proportion of each polypeptide recognized varies between tissues, and a significantly higher expression is observed in young animals. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from selected tissues from adult mouse shows that these tissues express the major 4.8 kb mRNA, although at different levels, and contain several additional shorter transcripts, particularly in muscular tissues. We also report that expression of the FMR1 gene is modulated in proliferating and quiescent primary mouse kidney cell cultures with an inverse relationship between levels of FMR1 mRNA and of its encoded proteins. This suggests that FMRPs are highly stable in quiescent cells and that FMR1 expression is likely post-transcriptionally controlled. Our results document the widespread expression of the FMR1 gene, and suggest that it is controlled by different mechanisms implicated in cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Khandjian
- Unité de recherche en génétique humaine et moléculaire, Hôpital Saint François d'Assise, Québec, Canada
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Thibodeau A, Kuo RC, Crothers JM, Yao X, Owicki JC, Forte JG. Direct measurement of extracellular proton flux from isolated gastric glands. Am J Physiol 1994; 267:C1473-82. [PMID: 7977708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.5.c1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We used the microphysiometer, a sensitive extracellular pH sensor, to resolve luminal (or apical) H+ secretion and basolateral release of OH- as well as liberation of acidic metabolites in rabbit gastric glands. Stimulation of glands via the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate pathway produced a biphasic change in the extracellular acidification rate (EAR): after an initial transient decrease below the unstimulated baseline (-40.9 +/- 3.4%), the EAR increased to a steady-state maximal plateau (+98.1 +/- 5.3%) within 30 min (n = 37). We interpret the biphasic EAR profile as an initial excess of basolaterally released OH- followed by delayed luminal efflux of simultaneously produced H+. The elevated EAR at steady state reflected liberation of metabolic acid attributed to H(+)-K(+)-ATPase enzymatic activity. The presence of H2-4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid prevented OH- release and reduced steady-state EAR. Basolateral OH- release and steady-state EAR were also inhibited by the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inactivators omeprazole and SCH-28080. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange did not reduce steady-state EAR and did not affect apical H+ production, as judged by the accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine. Sodium thiocyanate (1 mM), which short circuits intraluminal H+ accumulation, blocked OH- release, demonstrating its dependence on H(+)-OH- separation at the apical membrane. A computerized model was developed to illustrate how the observed biphasic EAR profile would result from a delayed luminal efflux of H+ due to transitory intraluminal compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thibodeau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Abstract
Rabbit gastric glands were treated with alpha-toxin to test for permeabilization of basolateral membrane and retention of functional activity of parietal cells. Treatment with up to 400 U alpha-toxin/mL resulted in a dose-dependent increase in permeabilization, as judged by nuclear uptake of trypan blue (960 daltons), while causing relatively little loss of cytoplasmic macromolecules in the size range of lactate dehydrogenase (134,000 daltons). In the presence of cAMP and ATP, alpha-toxin-permeabilized resting gastric glands were stimulated to accumulate aminopyrine by approximately 10-fold over glands incubated without added nucleotides. Aminopyrine accumulation in stimulated permeabilized glands was inhibited by specific H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitors, omeprazole and SCH-28080, and by the selective inhibitor of protein kinase A, H-89 (IC50 = 7.17 +/- 2.05 microM; n = 4). Aminopyrine accumulation in the alpha-toxin-treated glands was dependent on both exogenous ATP and cAMP; however, when no exogenous ATP was present, cAMP-activated aminopyrine accumulation reached approximately 50% of maximum, and at levels of ATP > 0.05 mM, maximal aminopyrine accumulation occurred without exogenous cAMP. In the presence of ATP alone, aminopyrine accumulation in permeabilized glands achieved 61.1 +/- 3.2% (n = 10; range, 50-70%) of the values measured on paired samples of intact glands stimulated with histamine plus isobutylmethylxanthine. These results demonstrate the functional responsiveness of alpha-toxin-permeabilized resting gastric glands. The participation of a protein kinase A dependent pathway during activation of permeabilized parietal cell is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thibodeau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Abstract
Gastric ezrin, a membrane-cytoskeletal linker with sequence homology to talin and erythrocyte band 4.1, has been associated with the remodeling of parietal cell apical membrane that occurs with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase stimulation. Here we examine the interrelationship between parietal cell ezrin and Ca(2+)-dependent protease activity. Addition of Ca2+ to sonicated gastric gland preparations rendered a relatively selective proteolysis of the 80-kDa ezrin, accompanied by the appearance of a 55-kDa breakdown product. Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis of ezrin was blocked by E64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, or calpastatin, indicating calpain as the responsible protease. Degradation of ezrin in intact gastric glands was achieved by varying extracellular [Ca2+] and [ionomycin]. Ezrin degradation in situ was rapid and relatively selective, although Ca(2+)-dependent degradation of some spectrin-like bands was also observed. The effect of activated calpain I on parietal cell function was assessed by probing the secretory response to histamine stimulation using [14C]aminopyrine uptake, along with parallel measurements of calpain activity, over a wide range of ionomycin. Activation of calpain, as evidenced by loss of parietal cell ezrin, was correlated with decreased AP uptake by stimulated gastric glands, supporting a role for ezrin in the oxyntic secretory process. The calpain-ezrin interaction established here, and the similarities of calpain with talin and erythrocyte band 4.1, suggest a common feature to this family of ezrin/band 4.1/talin proteins that have been implicated in membrane-cytoskeletal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Abstract
Among a library of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing developmental markers in the chick embryo, mAb CC-3 was selected because of its differential immunostaining of mitotic cells. The intracellular distribution of the CC-3 antigen (CC-3a) throughout the cell cycle was visualized by immunolocalization. In interphase cells CC-3a resided in the nucleus and was arranged in distinct extranucleolar clusters. At prophase, the nuclear reactivity of CC-3a considerably increased and subsequently extended to the cytoplasm at metaphase. From metaphase through anaphase, most of the reactivity was associated with the mitotic apparatus. During cytokinesis CC-3a was detected in the mid-body and also in discrete speckles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. The initial interphase pattern was then restored in the two daughter nuclei. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that a 255-kDa phosphoprotein was present only in the interphase nucleus and that a complete new set of phosphoproteins accounted for the mitotic cell reactivity. The binding of CC-3 was dependent on the phosphorylation of its antigens. CC-3a is an evolutionary conserved molecule; it is present in such phylogenetically distant species as Drosophila and humans. Furthermore, the unique behavior of CC-3 on sections of normal, embryonic, and regenerative tissue and in cell culture immunostaining make it a reliable tool to identify mitotic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thibodeau
- Ontogenèse et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Thibodeau A, Duchaine J, Simard JL, Vincent M. Localization of molecules with restricted patterns of expression in morphogenesis: an immunohistochemical approach. Histochem J 1989; 21:348-56. [PMID: 2793523 DOI: 10.1007/bf01798498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a search for molecules with restricted patterns of expression during development, monoclonal antibodies were raised against different transitory structures of the chick embryo. Mice were immunized with cell suspensions from lightly homogenized embryonic tissues explanted from morphogenetically active regions. A convenient immunohistochemical assay was used to screen the hybridoma supernatants on a large scale. It relied on the use of poly(ethylene glycol) as embedding medium. Its water miscibility allowed, in a one-step incubation with antibody-containing supernatants, the dewaxing and rehydration of the tissue sections as well as antibody binding. We report here the usefulness of this approach in selecting monoclonals with unique patterns of immunoreactivity. In this study, cephalic neural crest cells in early or late phase of migration, together with their surrounding tissues, were used as immunogens. The monoclonal antibodies obtained have been classified into regional, cell-lineage, cell-cycle or extracellular material-associated markers. The information provided by the direct visualization of the immunoreactivity of the various monoclonal antibodies on tissue sections, as early as the first round of screening, allows rapid determination of the subsequent strategy to be followed for further characterization of the individual markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thibodeau
- Ontogénèse et Génétique moléculaires, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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