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Body Site Distribution of Acquired Melanocytic Naevi and Associated Characteristics in the General Population of Caucasian Adults: A Scoping Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2453-2488. [PMID: 36180760 PMCID: PMC9588131 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of melanocytic naevi is a major risk factor for melanoma. The divergent pathway hypothesis proposes that the propensity for naevus proliferation and malignant transformation may differ by body site and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This scoping review aimed to summarise the evidence on the number and distribution of naevi (≥ 2 mm) on the body overall and by individual anatomical sites in Caucasian adults, and to assess whether studies used the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) protocol to guide naevus counting processes. Systematic searches of Embase and PubMed identified 661 potentially relevant studies, and 12 remained eligible after full-text review. Studies varied widely in their counting protocols, reporting of naevus counts overall and by body sites, and used counting personnel with differing qualifications. Only one study used the IARC protocol. Studies reported that the highest number of naevi was on the trunk in males and on the arms in females. Body sites which receive intermittent exposure to UV radiation had higher density of naevi. Larger naevi (≥ 5 mm) were detected mostly on body sites intermittently exposed to UV radiation, and smaller naevi (< 5 mm) on chronically exposed sites. Studies reported that environmental and behavioural aspects related to UV radiation exposure, as well as genetic factors, all impact body site and size distribution of naevi. This review found that to overcome limitations of the current evidence, future studies should use consistent naevus counting protocols. Skin surface imaging could improve the reliability of findings. An updated IARC protocol is required that integrates these emerging standards and technologies to guide reliable and reproducible naevus counting in the future.
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Pagliarello C, Girardelli CR, Feliciani C, Stanganelli I. Melanoma likelihood and relationship with nevi distribution: a case–control study among Italian patients. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:e443-e445. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Feliciani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS Meldola Italy
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Cust A, Drummond M, Bishop D, Azizi L, Schmid H, Jenkins M, Hopper J, Armstrong B, Aitken J, Kefford R, Giles G, Demenais F, Goldstein A, Barrett J, Kanetsky P, Elder D, Mann G, Newton‐Bishop J. Associations of pigmentary and naevus phenotype with melanoma risk in two populations with comparable ancestry but contrasting levels of ambient sun exposure. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1874-1885. [PMID: 31087403 PMCID: PMC6800761 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People at high risk of developing melanoma are usually identified by pigmentary and naevus phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We examined whether associations of these phenotypes with melanoma risk differed by ambient sun exposure or participant characteristics in two population-based, case-control studies with comparable ancestry but different ambient sun exposure. METHODS Data were analysed from 616 cases and 496 controls from the Australian Melanoma Family Study and 2012 cases and 504 controls from the Leeds (UK) case-control study. Questionnaire, interview and dermatological skin examination data were collected using the same measurement protocols. Relative risks were estimated as odds ratios using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Hair and skin colour were the strongest pigmentary phenotype risk factors. All associations of pigmentary phenotype with melanoma risk were similar across countries. The median number of clinically assessed naevi was approximately three times higher in Australia than Leeds, but the relative risks for melanoma associated with each additional common or dysplastic naevus were higher for Leeds than Australia, especially for naevi on the upper and lower limbs. Higher naevus counts on the head and neck were associated with a stronger relative risk for melanoma for women than men. The two countries had similar relative risks for melanoma based on self-reported naevus density categories, but personal perceptions of naevus number differed by country. There was no consistent evidence of interactions between phenotypes on risk. CONCLUSIONS Classifying people at high risk of melanoma based on their number of naevi should ideally take into account their country of residence, type of counts (clinical or self-reported), body site on which the naevus counts are measured and sex. The presence of naevi may be a stronger indicator of a genetic predisposition in the UK than in Australia based on less opportunity for sun exposure to influence naevus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Cust
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ResearchSydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - M. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ResearchSydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - D.T. Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsLeeds Institute of Cancer and PathologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - L. Azizi
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - H. Schmid
- Centre for Cancer ResearchWestmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - M.A. Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - J.L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - B.K. Armstrong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ResearchSydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - J.F. Aitken
- Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer ControlCancer Council QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - R.F. Kefford
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Macquarie University Health Sciences CentreMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - G.G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
| | - F. Demenais
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases UnitUMR‐946INSERMUniversité Paris DiderotUniversité Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - A.M. Goldstein
- Human Genetics ProgramDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - J.H. Barrett
- Section of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsLeeds Institute of Cancer and PathologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - P.A. Kanetsky
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
| | - D.E. Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - G.J. Mann
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchWestmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - J.A. Newton‐Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsLeeds Institute of Cancer and PathologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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De Giorgi V, Gori A, Greco A, Savarese I, Alfaioli B, Grazzini M, Rossari S, Papi F, Scarfi F, Janowska A, D’Errico A, Salvati L, Covarelli P, Gandini S. Sun-Protection Behavior, Pubertal Development and Menarche: Factors Influencing the Melanocytic Nevi Development—The Results of an Observational Study of 1,512 Children. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2144-2151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Broganelli P, Ribero S, Castagno I, Ricceri F, Deboli T, Marra E, Tomasini C, Sacerdote C, Osella-Abate S, Sanlorenzo M, Quaglino P, Fierro MT. The large spectrum of Spitzoid tumors: a retrospective survival study. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:315-320. [PMID: 28704985 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no universally-accepted classification of Spitzoid tumors. This makes it difficult to assign a correct diagnosis and select a treatment that minimizes the risk of overestimating, or worse, underestimating, the malignant potential of these tumors. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical-pathological and epidemiological features of Spitzoid tumors, as well as to assess mortality in these patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study looked at data on Spitzoid tumors excised in 1999-2012 at the Dermatologic Clinic of the Turin University Hospital. Spitzoid melanoma specific survival curves were generated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In this time period, 1663 lesion were described at the pathologic report as Spitzoid. 262 (15.75%) were Spitz nevi, 307 (18.46%) Reed nevi, 827 (49.73%), 810 (48.71%) Spitzoid dysplastic nevi, 17(1.02%) atypical Spitzoid tumors, and 267 (16.06%) Spitzoid melanomas. Median follow-up time was 9 years. Out of the entire cohort only 24 patients died from melanoma. All of them received a diagnosis of Spitzoid melanoma. None of the patients with a diagnosis of not melanoma Spitz tumor died for melanoma during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In the large majority of the cases, Spitz tumor should be considered as benign lesion and excised only if melanoma features are seen. The used clinical pathological classification avoid misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatment and the risk of death for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Broganelli
- Dermatologic Clinic Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatologic Clinic Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Ilaria Castagno
- Department of Oncology and Dermatology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASLTO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Deboli
- Department of Oncology and Dermatology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Marra
- Department of Oncology and Dermatology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomasini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Osella-Abate
- Section of Surgical Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Medicinee I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria T Fierro
- Dermatologic Clinic Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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