1
|
Barker CA, Dufault S, Arron ST, Ho AL, Algazi AP, Dunn LA, Humphries AA, Hultman C, Lian M, Knott PD, Yom SS. Phase II, Single-Arm Trial of Induction and Concurrent Vismodegib With Curative-Intent Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced, Unresectable Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2301708. [PMID: 38630954 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Locally advanced, unresectable basal cell carcinoma (LA BCC) can be treated with radiation therapy (RT), but locoregional control (LRC) rates are unsatisfactory. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI) active in BCC that may radiosensitize BCC. We evaluated the combination of vismodegib and RT for patients with LA BCC. METHODS In this multicenter, single-arm, phase II study, patients with unresectable LA BCC received 12 weeks of induction vismodegib, followed by 7 weeks of concurrent vismodegib and RT. The primary end point was LRC rate at 1 year after the end of treatment. Secondary end points included objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and patient-reported quality of life (PRQOL). RESULTS Twenty-four patients received vismodegib; five were unable to complete 12 weeks of induction therapy. LRC was achieved in 91% (95% CI, 68 to 98) of patients at 1 year. The response rate was 63% (95% CI, 38 to 84) after induction vismodegib and 83% (95% CI, 59 to 96) after concurrent vismodegib and RT. With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 1-year PFS and OS rates were 100% and 96%, and at 5 years PFS and OS rates were 78% and 83%, respectively. Distant metastasis or BCC-related death has not been observed. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were dysgeusia, fatigue, and myalgias occurring in 83%, 75%, and 75% of patients. No grade 4 to 5 treatment-related AEs occurred. PRQOL demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in all subscales, with emotions and functioning improvements persisting for a year after the end of treatment. CONCLUSION In patients with unresectable LA BCC, the combination of vismodegib and RT yielded high rates of LRC and PFS and durable improvements in PRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Suzanne Dufault
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alan L Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alain P Algazi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lara A Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Audrey A Humphries
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carter Hultman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ming Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - P Daniel Knott
- Department of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Brizzi EV, Argenziano G, Brancaccio G, Scharf C, Ronchi A, Moscarella E. The current clinical approach to difficult-to-treat basal cell carcinomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:43-56. [PMID: 36579630 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2161517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumor in adult white populations. If BCCs are not treated for years, if they cause massive destruction of the surrounding tissues, if they are considered unresectable or not eligible for radiotherapy they become progressively 'locally advanced' (laBCC) or metastatic (mBCC). These tumors are defined as 'difficult-to-treat BCC.' AREAS COVERED A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to identify relevant literature about the several approved and recommended treatment options for the management of difficult-to-treat BCC published from January 2012 to July 2022. Surgical options, radiotherapy, hedgehog inhibitors, immunotherapy, and combined treatments are discussed. The keywords used were basal cell carcinoma; difficult-to-treat BCC; management of difficult-to-treat BCC; surgical therapy; radiotherapy; hedgehog inhibitors; immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Identifying the best approach to DTT BCCs is one of the main challenges for the dermato-oncologist. The introduction of HHI for the treatment of advanced BCCs has revolutionized the clinical management of DTT BCCs. The immune checkpoint inhibitor cemiplimab has been approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BCC refractory to HHI therapy or in patients intolerant to HHI therapy. Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) play a key role in managing these complex patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Scharf
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge W, Chen CI, Wu N, Fury MG, Ruiz E, Jalbert JJ. Hedgehog pathway inhibitor real-world treatment patterns in patients with basal cell carcinoma: a claims-based analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2561-2572. [PMID: 35735026 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To examine real-world treatment patterns for Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs) for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. Patients & methods: HHI initiators between January 2013 and June 2019 were identified from IBM MarketScan® claims data. Time to treatment discontinuation and reinitiation were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods using a 60-day grace period. Results: Among 526 patients with basal cell carcinoma who initiated an HHI, median time to first discontinuation was 144 days, and risk of discontinuation by 12 months was 88.0%. Probability of reinitiation within 12 months was 19.7%, and median time to second discontinuation was 118 days. Conclusion: HHI discontinuation was common and reinitiation uncommon in clinical practice. Future research should evaluate persistence with recently approved therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Ge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Chieh-I Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew G Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Emily Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villanueva-Bueno C, Escudero-Vilaplana V, Collado-Borrell R, Giménez-Manzorro Á, Ribed A, Marzal-Alfaro B, Revuelta-Herrero JL, Gonzalez-Haba E, Herranz A, Sanjurjo M. Medication guide for the perioperative management of oral antineoplastic agents in cancer patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:107-119. [PMID: 34357828 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1965990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral antineoplastic agents (OAAs) are high-risk drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding, difficulty in wound healing, or produce alterations in coagulation and/or platelet aggregation. These aspects had to be highly considered throughout the entire perioperative process. Our aim was to create a comprehensive management medication guide based on reconciliation and dose adjustment recommendations for OAAs in patients undergoing a surgical intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed all OAAs approved by the EMA in November 2020. We assessed data related to dose adjustment, drug reconciliation, coagulation disturbances, or anticoagulant interactions from the FDA and EMA summary of product characteristics. RESULTS We analyzed 67 OAAs. We identified that 51 (76.2%) OAAs can produce alteration in the platelet count, 12 (17.9%) affect the wound healing and recovery process, and 32 (47.8%) require control and monitoring in case of combination with anticoagulants. Only 13 (19.4%) OAAs, most of them antiangiogenics, have specific recommendations for temporary suspension before surgery. CONCLUSIONS Most OAAs require perioperative monitoring. This review can serve as an easy (simple, effective) tool to help healthcare professionals involved in patient care to manage OAAs during the perioperative process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Villanueva-Bueno
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Escudero-Vilaplana
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Borrell
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Giménez-Manzorro
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Ribed
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Marzal-Alfaro
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta-Herrero
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Haba
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herranz
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sanjurjo
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sabu DM, Kroes J, Gilham C, Fleming A, Kelleher FC. Neo-adjuvant Vismodegib followed by radiation in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 45:100736. [PMID: 33894989 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas occur in up to 39% of Caucasian men and 28% of women. Rarely it can present a management dilemma in patients with neglected locally advanced disease of large dimension or involvement of critical structures. The Hedgehog pathway is constitutively active in almost all basal cell carcinomas and patients with Naevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome have germline mutations in the Patched tumor suppressor gene, a Hedgehog pathway component, on chromosome 9q. This case describes an elderly patient with an untreated sporadic Basal cell carcinoma whose dimensions precluded local management approaches. The Hedgehog pathway inhibitor Vismodegib had a dramatic response allowing definitive treatment to be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diya M Sabu
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Jeska Kroes
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Charles Gilham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ann Fleming
- Department of Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal C Kelleher
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strickler AG, Shah P, Bajaj S, Mizuguchi R, Nijhawan RI, Odueyungbo M, Rossi A, Ratner D. Preventing complications in dermatologic surgery: Presurgical concerns. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:883-892. [PMID: 33497750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous surgery has become critical to comprehensive dermatologic care, and dermatologists must therefore be equipped to manage the risks associated with surgical procedures. Complications may occur at any point along the continuum of care, and therefore assessing, managing, and preventing risk from beginning to end becomes essential. This review focuses on preventing surgical complications pre- and postoperatively as well as during the surgical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen G Strickler
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center of Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center of Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania.
| | - Payal Shah
- School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Shirin Bajaj
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Richard Mizuguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Rajiv I Nijhawan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Anthony Rossi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Désirée Ratner
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Background A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in China and was soon declared a pandemic by World Health Organization. Many elective and non-essential surgeries were postponed worldwide in an effort to minimize spread of disease as well as to conserve resources. Our goal with this article is to review current practice guidelines in setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on available data and literature. Methods Websites pertaining to surgical and medical societies, and government agencies were reviewed, along with recently published literature to identify recommendations related to COVID-19 and plastic surgery procedures. Results Clinical practice modifications are recommended during the pandemic, in outpatient and perioperative settings. Use of personal protective equipment is critical for aerosol generating procedures such as surgery in the head and neck area. Care for trauma and malignancy should continue during the pandemic, however definitive reconstruction could be delayed for select cases. Specific recommendations were made for surgical treatment of cancer, trauma and semi-urgent reconstructive procedures based on available data and literature. Conclusion The risk and benefit of each reconstructive procedure should be carefully analyzed in relation to necessary patient care, minimized COVID-19 spread, protection of health care personnel and utilization of resources. Recommendations in this manuscript should be taken in the context of each institute’s resources and prevalance of COVID-19 in the region. It should be emphasized that the guidelines provided are a snapshot of current practices and are subject to change as the pandemic continues to evolve.
Collapse
|
8
|
Day AT, Sher DJ, Lee RC, Truelson JM, Myers LL, Sumer BD, Stankova L, Tillman BN, Hughes RS, Khan SA, Gordin EA. Head and neck oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reconsidering traditional treatment paradigms in light of new surgical and other multilevel risks. Oral Oncol 2020; 105:104684. [PMID: 32330858 PMCID: PMC7136871 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demands reassessment of head and neck oncology treatment paradigms. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are generally at high-risk for COVID-19 infection and severe adverse outcomes. Further, there are new, multilevel COVID-19-specific risks to patients, surgeons, health care workers (HCWs), institutions and society. Urgent guidance in the delivery of safe, quality head and neck oncologic care is needed. Novel barriers to safe HNC surgery include: (1) imperfect presurgical screening for COVID-19; (2) prolonged SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization; (3) occurrence of multiple, potentially lengthy, aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) within a single surgery; (4) potential incompatibility of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) with routine operative equipment; (5) existential or anticipated PPE shortages. Additionally, novel, COVID-19-specific multilevel risks to HNC patients, HCWs and institutions, and society include: use of immunosuppressive therapy, nosocomial COVID-19 transmission, institutional COVID-19 outbreaks, and, at some locations, societal resource deficiencies requiring health care rationing. Traditional head and neck oncology doctrines require reassessment given the extraordinary COVID-19-specific risks of surgery. Emergent, comprehensive management of these novel, multilevel surgical risks are needed. Until these risks are managed, we temporarily favor nonsurgical therapy over surgery for most mucosal squamous cell carcinomas, wherein surgery and nonsurgical therapy are both first-line options. Where surgery is traditionally preferred, we recommend multidisciplinary evaluation of multilevel surgical-risks, discussion of possible alternative nonsurgical therapies and shared-decision-making with the patient. Where surgery remains indicated, we recommend judicious preoperative planning and development of COVID-19-specific perioperative protocols to maximize the safety and quality of surgical and oncologic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Day
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - David J Sher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca C Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John M Truelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Larry L Myers
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Baran D Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lenka Stankova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brittny N Tillman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Randall S Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Saad A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eli A Gordin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Amaral T, Osewold M, Presser D, Meiwes A, Garbe C, Leiter U. Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: real world data of patient profiles and treatment patterns. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 8:44-51. [PMID: 31658392 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the Caucasian population, with an increasing incidence. cSCC is mostly a local invasive disease that can be treated surgically in the majority of the cases. However, in the case of advanced cSCC (acSCC), a multimodality approach also involving systemic therapies needs to be considered. METHODS One hundred and ninety-five patients diagnosed with acSCC (stages III and IV) treated in our centre between 2011 and 2018 were included. Patient and tumour characteristics along with treatment patterns were documented and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was performed and survival rates were estimated according to Kaplan-Meier and compared with the Log-rank test. Follow-up was defined as the time between diagnosis of advanced disease and last contact or death. All causes of death were considered as events. RESULTS The median follow-up was 21 months [IQR = (10.0; 21.0)]. The median age at time of advanced disease diagnosis was 78 years [IQR = (72; 84)], with 40.5% of the patients in stage III and 59.5% in stage IV. One hundred and forty-five patients had resectable tumours. In this group the median overall survival (mOS) was 59 months (95% CI: 28.2-89.8), significantly higher than the mOS in patients with inoperable tumour [n = 50; mOS: 19 months (96% CI: 7-31, P <0.0001)]. Patients receiving immunotherapy (n = 20) showed a statistically significant better survival compared to those treated with other systemic therapies (n = 37; mOS not reached vs. mOS: 22 months (95% CI: 6.5-43.5), P = 0.034). For patients without systemic therapy, a combination of surgery and radiotherapy provided better outcomes compared to radiotherapy alone or best supportive care (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Surgical complete resection should be the first therapeutic option for patients with acSCC. For patients with inoperable tumour, first-line immunotherapy should be preferably considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Portuguese Air Force, Health Care Direction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Osewold
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - D Presser
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Meiwes
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - U Leiter
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|