1
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Ziemer M, Livingstone E. [Drug-related exanthema under immunotherapy and targeted oncological therapy]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 75:440-450. [PMID: 38772932 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-024-05350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncological therapies can cause a variety of mucocutaneous adverse events. Exanthematous adverse events can be challenging in the context of the urgent need for cancer treatment due to their spread, sometimes rapid progression, and mucous membrane or organ involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article provides an overview of the most important exanthematic dermatoses as side effects of modern drug-based tumor therapies with diagnostic and therapeutic information for clinicians, taking into account the current literature and guidelines. RESULTS Exanthematous adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors, EGFR antagonists, kinase inhibitors, bispecific T‑cell engagers, and the CCR4 inhibitor mogamulizumab are reviewed in detail. CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous side effects are common across all drug classes and cover a broad spectrum. While some adverse events are specific to one drug class, many exanthemas can occur with both oncological immunotherapies and various targeted therapies. A reliable diagnosis, dose adjustment or discontinuation of the offending agent in consultation with the treating oncologists and appropriate symptomatic therapy are important for correct management. In the case of severe, life-threatening drug reactions, however, permanent discontinuation of the drug is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland
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2
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Bruijn TV, Geraedts A, Vlahu CA, Jaspars L, Elshot YS. IgA pemphigus as an immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated skin manifestation. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 47:41-43. [PMID: 38633887 PMCID: PMC11021218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V.M. Bruijn
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Geraedts
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen A. Vlahu
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lies.H. Jaspars
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yannick S. Elshot
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Kramer N, Müller G, Zierold S, Röckel M, Fröhlich W, Schefzyk M, Kumbrink J, Hassel JC, Berking C, Ziemer M, Nashan D, French LE, Vera J, Kerl-French KE, Gutzmer R, Heinzerling L. Checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid differs from spontaneous bullous pemphigoid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38400651 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kramer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Müller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Zierold
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Röckel
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - W Fröhlich
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schefzyk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Ziemer
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Nashan
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - J Vera
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K E Kerl-French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - L Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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de Nicolas-Ruanes B, Ballester-Martinez A, Garcia-Mouronte E, Berna-Rico E, Azcarraga-Llobet C, Fernandez-Guarino M. From Molecular Insights to Clinical Perspectives in Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16786. [PMID: 38069109 PMCID: PMC10706090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230 in the basement membrane zone. This leads to the activation of complement-dependent and independent pathways, resulting in proteolytic cleavage at the dermoepidermal junction and an eosinophilic inflammatory response. While numerous drugs have been associated with BP in the literature, causality and pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive in most cases. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), in particular, are the most frequently reported drugs related to BP and, therefore, have been extensively investigated. They can potentially trigger BP through the impaired proteolytic degradation of BP180, combined with immune dysregulation. DPP4i-associated BP can be categorized into true drug-induced BP and drug-triggered BP, with the latter resembling classic BP. Antineoplastic immunotherapy is increasingly associated with BP, with both B and T cells involved. Other drugs, including biologics, diuretics and cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric agents, present weaker evidence and poorly understood pathogenic mechanisms. Further research is needed due to the growing incidence of BP and the increasing identification of new potential triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen de Nicolas-Ruanes
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain (C.A.-L.); (M.F.-G.)
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5
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Kawsar A, Hussain K, Muinonen-Martin AJ, Fearfield L. How to recognize and manage skin toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a practical approach. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:i3-i10. [PMID: 37903072 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized treatment strategies in the field of oncology. Their favourable outcomes in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile can be thwarted by the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Cutaneous irAEs are relatively common in patients undergoing immunotherapy and include common inflammatory dermatoses (e.g. eczematous, psoriasiform and lichenoid phenotypes), maculopapular eruptions, pruritus and immunobullous disorders. Most of these reactions can be managed without ICIs having to be stopped completely; however, there are some life-threatening toxicities that dermatologists and oncologists should be aware of. In this review, we focus on how to recognize the commonly associated cutaneous irAEs, touching upon rarer reactions and red flags; finally, we provide guidance on their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Kawsar
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Khawar Hussain
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Louise Fearfield
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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6
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Micevic G, Daniels A, Flavell R. New insights into programmed cell death protein 1 blockade-associated cutaneous immune-related adverse events. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:355-357. [PMID: 37471669 PMCID: PMC10503525 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous side-effects associated with immune checkpoint blockade occur in more than half of patients treated with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, and are frequently encountered by dermatologists. The molecular mechanism of cutaneous side-effects is incompletely understood but holds important clues about immune tolerance and the antitumor immune response in the skin. A new landmark study published in Nature suggests a critical functional role for the checkpoint receptor PD-1 in restraining self-reactive T cells, which could help explain how some checkpoint-associated cutaneous side-effects arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Departments of Dermatology
- Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Nakamura H, Shionoya A, Arihara Y, Hayasaka N, Kubo T, Usami M, Sugita S, Uhara H, Takada K. Pemphigus vulgaris as an immune-related adverse event in recurrent metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab: a case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259071. [PMID: 37753079 PMCID: PMC10518453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy is approved for patients with unresectable advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), compared to conventional chemotherapy, can improve overall survival in patients with advanced ESCC, this increases the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Here, we describe an ESCC case that developed pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an extremely rare cutaneous irAE, during ipilimumab plus nivolumab treatment. The patient achieved a partial response to treatment. The PV was successfully managed after the cessation of ipilimumab and the use of a topical steroid. We should thus re-treat ESCC with nivolumab monotherapy. In the era of ICIs as standard cancer therapeutics, diagnostic criteria for blistering diseases need to be established to properly manage patients with cutaneous irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aika Shionoya
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Arihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Hayasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Merli M, Accorinti M, Romagnuolo M, Marzano A, Di Zenzo G, Moro F, Antiga E, Maglie R, Cozzani E, Parodi A, Gasparini G, Sollena P, De Simone C, Caproni M, Pisano L, Fattore D, Balestri R, Sena P, Vezzoli P, Teoli M, Ardigò M, Vassallo C, Michelerio A, Satta RR, Dika E, Melotti B, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in cancer patients treated by immunotherapy: a literature review and Italian multicentric experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1208418. [PMID: 37547602 PMCID: PMC10400335 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1208418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous immune-related adverse events are frequently associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administration in cancer patients. In fact, these monoclonal antibodies bind the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death-1/ligand 1 leading to a non-specific activation of the immune system against both tumoral cells and self-antigens. The skin is the most frequently affected organ system appearing involved especially by inflammatory manifestations such as maculopapular, lichenoid, psoriatic, and eczematous eruptions. Although less common, ICI-induced autoimmune blistering diseases have also been reported, with an estimated overall incidence of less than 5%. Bullous pemphigoid-like eruption is the predominant phenotype, while lichen planus pemphigoides, pemphigus vulgaris, and mucous membrane pemphigoid have been described anecdotally. Overall, they have a wide range of clinical presentations and often overlap with each other leading to a delayed diagnosis. Achieving adequate control of skin toxicity in these cases often requires immunosuppressive systemic therapies and/or interruption of ICI treatment, presenting a therapeutic challenge in the context of cancer management. In this study, we present a case series from Italy based on a multicenter, retrospective, observational study, which included 45 patients treated with ICIs who developed ICI-induced bullous pemphigoid. In addition, we performed a comprehensive review to identify the cases reported in the literature on ICI-induced autoimmune bullous diseases. Several theories seeking their underlying pathogenesis have been reported and this work aims to better understand what is known so far on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Merli
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Accorinti
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romagnuolo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Zenzo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Moro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Antiga
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Maglie
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasparini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Sollena
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, University Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Immunopathology and Rare Skin Diseases Unit, Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Pisano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Fattore
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Balestri
- Division of Dermatology, Outpatient Consultation for Rare Diseases, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Sena
- Dermatology Unit ASST-Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pamela Vezzoli
- Dermatology Unit ASST-Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Miriam Teoli
- Porphyria and Rare Diseases, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ardigò
- Porphyria and Rare Diseases, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Vassallo
- Dermatology Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Michelerio
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Rita Satta
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Melanoma Center, Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Cao T, Zhou X, Wu X, Zou Y. Cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from underlying immunological mechanisms to multi-omics prediction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207544. [PMID: 37497220 PMCID: PMC10368482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically altered the landscape of therapy for multiple malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and gastric cancer. As part of their anti-tumor properties, ICIs can enhance susceptibility to inflammatory side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in which the skin is one of the most commonly and rapidly affected organs. Although numerous questions still remain unanswered, multi-omics technologies have shed light into immunological mechanisms, as well as the correlation between ICI-induced activation of immune systems and the incidence of cirAE (cutaneous irAEs). Therefore, we reviewed integrated biological layers of omics studies combined with clinical data for the prediction biomarkers of cirAEs based on skin pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of a spectrum of dermatological irAEs, discuss the pathogenesis of this "off-tumor toxicity" during ICI treatment, and summarize recently investigated biomarkers that may have predictive value for cirAEs via multi-omics approach. Finally, we demonstrate the prognostic significance of cirAEs for immune checkpoint blockades.
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10
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Hussain K, Kanji A, Zaheri S, Malek D, Terlizzo M, Weir J, Turajlic S, Fearfield L. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy and psoriasis: a case series. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:254-256. [PMID: 36763756 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CPI) has significantly improved overall survival in several cancers, including metastatic melanoma and in the adjuvant setting. Cutaneous immune-related adverse events secondary to CPI are commonly observed; however, the development of psoriasis or exacerbation of existing psoriasis has not been widely reported and management can be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Hussain
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alpa Kanji
- Department of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Dalila Malek
- Department of Dermatology, Southend University Hospital, Basildon, UK
| | - Monica Terlizzo
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Justin Weir
- Department of Histopathology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Skin and Melanoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louise Fearfield
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Skin and Melanoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Ujiie H. What's new in the pathogeneses and triggering factors of bullous pemphigoid. J Dermatol 2023; 50:140-149. [PMID: 36412277 PMCID: PMC10098684 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering disease induced by autoantibodies to type XVII collagen (COL17, also called BP180) and BP230. Previous studies using patients' samples and animal disease models elucidated the complement-dependent and complement-independent pathways of blister formation, the pathogenic roles of immune cells (T and B cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils), and the pathogenicity of IgE autoantibodies in BP. This review introduces the recent progress on the mechanism behind the epitope-spreading phenomenon in BP, which is considered to be important to understand the chronic and intractable disease course of BP, and the pathogenicity of anti-BP230 autoantibodies, mainly focusing on studies that used active disease models. To clarify the pathogenesis of BP, the mechanism behind the breakdown of immune tolerance to BP antigens should be investigated. Recent studies using various experimental models have revealed important roles for regulatory T cells in the maintenance of self-tolerance to COL17 and BP230 as well as in the suppression of inflammation triggered by the binding of antibodies to COL17. Notably, physical stresses such as trauma, thermal burns, bone fractures, irradiation and ultraviolet exposure, some pathologic conditions such as neurological diseases and hematological malignancies, and the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported as triggering factors for BP. These factors and certain underlying conditions such as genetic background, regulatory T-cell dysfunction or aging might synergistically affect some individuals and eventually induce BP. Further studies on the breakdown of self-tolerance and on the identification of key molecules that are relevant to blister formation and inflammation may expand our understanding of BP's etiology and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Kridin K, Hammers CM. Atypical clinical manifestation and protracted latency are observed in the emerging variant of checkpoint inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:843-844. [PMID: 36180998 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Barch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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