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Wang W, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhan Y, Wu C, Xiao X, Cheng C, Gao C. Quercetin, a key active ingredient of Jianpi Zishen Xiehuo Formula, suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and platelet phagocytosis by inhibiting STAT3 activation based on network pharmacology. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4219-4233. [PMID: 38055068 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disease, and abnormal M1 macrophage polarization participates in the pathogenesis of ITP. Jianpi Zishen Xiehuo (JZX) Formula has a good therapeutic effect on ITP. However, its key active ingredients and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the key active ingredients and potential targets of JZX in treating ITP using network pharmacology combined with in vitro experimental verification. A total of 157 active ingredients of JZX were identified from public databases, and quercetin was the most important one. One hundred sixty-five intersection targets of active ingredients in JZX, ITP, and macrophage polarization were obtained by Venn diagram. The top three potential targets were signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) 1, and c-JUN through protein-protein interaction analysis. Molecular docking showed that quercetin had strong binding affinities with them all. In vitro experiment, CD16+ monocytes increased in ITP patients compared with healthy controls, which indicated a M1/M2 polarization imbalance in ITP. The expression levels of M1 polarization markers, CD86, CD80, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), M1 polarization-associated cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antibody-opsonized platelet phagocytosis significantly increased in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Quercetin markedly inhibited the expressions of M1 markers, decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and down-regulated the phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) protein, which confirmed the prediction by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Importantly, quercetin significantly reduced the phagocytosis of antibody opsonised platelet. In conclusion, quercetin suppressed platelet phagocytosis in M1 macrophages via its anti-inflammatory effects and may serve as a potential drug for the treatment of ITP. Quercetin could be a key ingredient for JZX against ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Chuanyong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Gan He Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Zong L, Yang F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xia F, Zheng M, Xu Y. CD8 + T cells mediate antiviral response in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22722. [PMID: 36571509 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201343rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by a novel Bunyavirus, has gradually become a threatening infectious disease in rural areas of Asia. Studies have identified a severe cytokine storm and impaired humoral immune response in SFTS. However, the cellular immune response to SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection remains largely unknown. Here we report that SFTS patients had a cytokine storm accompanied by high levels of chemokines. CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SFTS patients exhibited a more activated phenotype and enhanced the antiviral responses. They increased the expression of CD69 and CD25, secreted a higher level of IFN-γ and granzyme, and had a stronger proliferative ability than in healthy controls. In convalescent SFTS patients, the expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD8+ T cells was reduced. In addition, we found the ratio and cellularity of CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes were increased in peripheral blood of SFTS patients. Both the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) on CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes and the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) on CD8+ T cells increased dramatically in SFTS patients. Our studies reveal a potential pathway that CD8+ T cells rapidly activate and are mostly recruited by intermediate monocytes through CXCL10 in SFTSV infection. Our results may be of clinical relevance for further treatment and discharge instructions in SFTSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Hanshan County, Maanshan, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Akyol Ş, Tüfekçi Ö, Yilmaz Ş, Ören H. Evaluation of paediatric immune thrombocytopenia patients with clinical and laboratory findings: emphasizing the role of monocytosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2022; 33:315-321. [PMID: 35834725 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings including monocytosis and clinical course in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Data of 100 ITP patients were analysed. Complete blood count findings of the patients at certain time points were evaluated to classify the disease as acute, persistent and chronic. An effect of sex on chronicity was not observed ( P = 0.166). Of the patients enrolled in the study, 38% ( n = 38) had chronic course. The mean age of patients with the chronic course was 7 ± 4.1 years, which was significantly higher than the other groups ( P = 0.007). Sixty-five percent ( n = 13) of the patients presenting with mucosal bleeding and 27.4% ( n = 20) of the patients presenting with skin bleeding became chronic ( P = 0.008). MPV was found to be significantly high in chronic ITP patients ( P = 0.049). Monocytosis was noted in 80% of the patients at diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in 84% of the patients with acute ITP; 33% of them developed chronic ITP. The age at diagnosis, presence of mucosal bleeding and increased MPV on admission were high-risk factors for the development of the chronic course. Monocytosis was detected in 80% of the patients on admission, and it may play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şefika Akyol
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Izmir, Turkey
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Glucocorticoid receptor modulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell function via mitochondrial metabolism in immune thrombocytopenia. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:764-776. [PMID: 35414712 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells and natural inhibitors of adaptive immunity. Intracellular metabolic changes in MDSCs exert a direct immunological influence on their suppressive activity. Our previous study demonstrated that high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) corrected the functional impairment of MDSCs in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, the MDSC population was not restored in nonresponders, and the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, altered mitochondrial physiology and reduced mitochondrial gene transcription were detected in MDSCs from HD-DXM nonresponders, accompanied by decreased levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Blockade of FAO with a CPT-1 inhibitor abolished the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in HD-DXM responders. We also report that MDSCs from ITP patients had lower expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which can translocate into mitochondria to regulate the transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as the level of oxidative phosphorylation. It was confirmed that the expression of CPT-1 and mtDNA-encoded genes was downregulated in GR-siRNA-treated murine MDSCs. Finally, by establishing murine models of active and passive ITP via adoptive transfer of DXM-modulated MDSCs, we confirmed that GR-silenced MDSCs failed to alleviate thrombocytopenia in mice with ITP. In conclusion, our study indicated that impaired aerobic metabolism in MDSCs participates in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid resistance in ITP and that intact control of MDSC metabolism by GR contributes to the homeostatic regulation of immunosuppressive cell function.
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Kapur R. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor expression and mitochondrial metabolism in MDSCs contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in immune thrombocytopenia. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:858-860. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Distribution of monocytes subpopulations in the peripheral blood from patients with Behçet's disease - Impact of disease status and colchicine use. Clin Immunol 2021; 231:108854. [PMID: 34530137 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response has a predominant role in Behçet's disease (BD) pathogenesis, but few studies have assessed monocytes in BD. This study aims to evaluate the profile of monocytes subsets in the peripheral blood of BD patients and healthy controls (HC). Monocytes subsets were identified as classical (CD14+CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16dim), and non-classical (CD14dimCD16high) subsets. Patients with BD presented a lower number of total monocytes (p = 0.020) and a lower number (p < 0.0001) of circulating classical monocytes than HC. In contrast, the number of intermediate monocytes was higher in BD patients than HC (p < 0.0001). In BD patients, no associations were observed with the severity of clinical manifestations or therapy. Colchicine was associated with a higher number of non-classical monocytes (p = 0.035). In conclusion, BD patients present an altered distribution of monocytes subsets with a reduction of classical and an increase of intermediate subsets.
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Potential Diagnostic Approaches for Prediction of Therapeutic Responses in Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153403. [PMID: 34362187 PMCID: PMC8347743 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder in which, via unresolved mechanisms, platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) are targeted by autoantibodies and/or T cells resulting in increased platelet destruction and impairment of MK function. Over the years, several therapeutic modalities have become available for ITP, however, therapeutic management has proven to be very challenging in several cases. Patients refractory to treatment can develop a clinically worsening disease course, treatment-induced toxicities and are predisposed to development of potentially life-endangering bleedings. It is therefore of critical importance to timely identify potential refractory patients, for which novel diagnostic approaches are urgently needed in order to monitor and predict specific therapeutic responses. In this paper, we propose promising diagnostic investigations into immune functions and characteristics in ITP, which may potentially be exploited to help predict platelet count responses and thereby distinguish therapeutic responders from non-responders. This importantly includes analysis of T cell homeostasis, which generally appears to be disturbed in ITP due to decreased and/or dysfunctional T regulatory cells (Tregs) leading to loss of immune tolerance and initiation/perpetuation of ITP, and this may be normalized by several therapeutic modalities. Additional avenues to explore in possible prediction of therapeutic responses include examination of platelet surface sialic acids, platelet apoptosis, monocyte surface markers, B regulatory cells and platelet microparticles. Initial studies have started evaluating these markers in relation to response to various treatments including glucocorticosteroids (GCs), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and/or thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), however, further studies are highly warranted. The systematic molecular analysis of a broad panel of immune functions may ultimately help guide and improve personalized therapeutic management in ITP.
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