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Chen Y, Chen Z, Cao J, Lin L, Li J. Severe and continuous immunoparesis during induction or maintenance therapy in nontransplant patients with multiple myeloma is a sign of poor prognosis. Hematology 2024; 29:2329378. [PMID: 38470208 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2329378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM) varies in clinical behavior, response to treatment and prognosis due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Data on the association between the immunoparesis status during treatment and prognosis in nontransplant MM patients are limited. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 142 patients with MM, we examined the relationship between immunoparesis status and prognosis during treatment. All patients received novel agent-based therapy and did not undergo autologous stem cell transplantation. One, two, or three uninvolved immunoglobulins (Igs) below the lowest thresholds of normalcy were used to identify immunoparesis. RESULTS Patients with a greater degree of immunoparesis during treatment had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 46.5% of the patients had severe and continuous immunoparesis (at least two uninvolved Igs suppressed continuously during treatment), representing a worse prognosis than those with complete or partial normalization of Igs during treatment. Among patients who achieved at least complete remission, PFS was poor in patients with severe and continuous immunoparesis. Furthermore, severe and continuous immunoparesis during treatment was a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS according to multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION The degree of immunoparesis during treatment is a follow-up indicator for survival in nontransplant myeloma patients, and severe and continuous immunoparesis in nontransplant myeloma patients might be a sign of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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Zhang M, Cheng Q, Zhao F, Xu A, Li Q, Hu Y, Sun C. Development of a nomogram prognostic model for early Grade ≥ 3 infection in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma based on immunoparesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111277. [PMID: 38061120 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection, a significant cause of death in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, is a common complication and is closely associated with immunoparesis. There exists no clear definition of early infection, so early infection is defined in this paper as the occurrence within 3 months after diagnosis, considering the high incidence of infections within 3 months after diagnosis. This study established a new nomogram model based on immunoparesis to identify MM patients with high-risk early infection. METHODS A retrospective collection of 430 NDMM patients from June 2013 to June 2022 was conducted, and the patients were further divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. In the training cohort, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select the best variables that can be used to establish a new nomogram prediction model. Validation was performed in the validation and entire cohorts. RESULTS After diagnosis, 67.7 % of the patients suffered from severe infection within 1 year, and 59.5 % experienced the first severe infection within 3 months. Variables associated with an increased risk of severe infection in the first 3 months included: BMPC, D-dimer, serum β2 microglobulin, immunoparesis, albumin, and eGFR. The nomogram based on the above six factors achieved a good C-index of 0.754, 0.73, and 0.731 in predicting early infection in the training cohort, validation cohort, and entire cohort, respectively. Finally, the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram showed that the model provided superior diagnostic capacity and clinical net benefit. CONCLUSION In this study, we established a nomogram model to predict early grade ≥ 3 infection in NDMM patients. This model can assist clinicians in identifying NDMM patients with high-risk infections and improve their prognosis through early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Qianwen Cheng
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Aoshuang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Qun Li
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Kubicki T, Dytfeld D, Wróbel T, Jamroziak K, Robak P, Czyż J, Tyczyńska A, Druzd-Sitek A, Giannopoulos K, Szczepaniak T, Łojko-Dankowska A, Matuszak M, Gil L, Puła B, Rybka J, Majcherek M, Usnarska-Zubkiewicz L, Szukalski Ł, Zaucha JM, Mikulski D, Czabak O, Lahoud OB, Stefka A, Derman BA, Jakubowiak AJ. Polyclonal immunoglobulin recovery in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma receiving maintenance therapy after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with either carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone or lenalidomide alone: Subanalysis of the randomized phase 3 ATLAS trial. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:792-802. [PMID: 37691005 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that postautologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) recovery of polyclonal immunoglobulin from immunoparesis in patients with multiple myeloma is a positive prognostic marker. We performed a longitudinal analysis of polyclonal immunoglobulin concentrations and unique B-cell sequences in patients enrolled in the phase 3 ATLAS trial that randomized 180 subjects to either carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRd) or lenalidomide (R) maintenance. In the KRd arm, standard-risk patients with minimal residual disease negativity after six cycles de-escalated to R alone after cycle 8. One year from the initiation of maintenance at least partial recovery of polyclonal immunoglobulin was observed in more patients on the R arm (58/66, p < 0.001) and in those who de-escalated from KRd to R (27/38, p < 0.001) compared to the KRd arm (9/36). In patients who switched from KRd to R, the concentrations of uninvolved immunoglobulin and the number of B-cell unique sequences increased over time, approaching values observed in the R arm. There were no differences in progression-free survival between the patients with at least partial immunoglobulin recovery and the remaining population. Our analysis indicates that patients receiving continuous therapy after ASCT experience prolonged immunoparesis, limiting prognostic significance of polyclonal immunoglobulin recovery in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Kubicki
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jarosław Czyż
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lidia Gil
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Łukasz Szukalski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Olga Czabak
- Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Oscar B Lahoud
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Medina-Herrera A, Sarasquete ME, Jiménez C, Puig N, García-Sanz R. Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Past, Present, and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3687. [PMID: 37509348 PMCID: PMC10377959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses to treatment have improved over the last decades for patients with multiple myeloma. This is a consequence of the introduction of new drugs that have been successfully combined in different clinical contexts: newly diagnosed, transplant-eligible or ineligible patients, as well as in the relapsed/refractory setting. However, a great proportion of patients continue to relapse, even those achieving complete response, which underlines the need for updated response criteria. In 2014, the international myeloma working group established new levels of response, prompting the evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) for those patients already in complete or stringent complete response as defined by conventional serological assessments: the absence of tumor plasma cells in 100,000 total cells or more define molecular and immunophenotypic responses by next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry, respectively. In this review, we describe all the potential methods that may be used for MRD detection based on the evidence found in the literature, paying special attention to their advantages and pitfalls from a critical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Medina-Herrera
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Sarasquete
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemí Puig
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Mizuguchi M, Okamoto Y, Yagi H, Kagawa K, Sekimoto E, Shibata H, Shigekiyo T, Ozaki S. Clinical relevance of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and the second revision of the International Staging System (R2-ISS) in patients with multiple myeloma in clinical practice. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:718-728. [PMID: 36692689 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) are the most critical factor affecting prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the clinical significance of HRCAs in routine practice has not been fully elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed clinical features and outcome in 60 newly diagnosed MM patients with or without HRCAs including t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), and 1q gain/amplification. The median age was 71 years (range, 35-90). Abnormalities with t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), and 1q gain/amplification were found in 10, 1, 6, and 21/14 patients, respectively, and 10 patients had ≥ 2 HRCAs. Patients with HRCAs exhibited progressive clinical features such as anemia, high β2-microglobulin, and high LDH. Symptomatic relapse was more common in patients with HRCAs. The median progression-free survival (PFS) by number of HRCAs (0, 1, and ≥ 2) was 51.7, 21.4, and 26.1 months (p = 0.011), and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached, 60.7, and 46.8 months (p = 0.045), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that HRCAs were an independent factor for PFS. Accordingly, the second revision of International Staging System (R2-ISS), which incorporates HRCA scores, was more useful for prognostic stratification (p = 0.0023). These results suggest that presence of multiple HRCAs including 1q gain/amplification is associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in clinical practice as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mizuguchi
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yagi
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tenma Hospital, 1-5-1 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-0042, Japan
| | - Hironobu Shibata
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Toshio Shigekiyo
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan.
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Ozaki S. Multiple myeloma treatment - should be continued or not? Br J Haematol 2022; 198:223-224. [PMID: 35468218 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefecture Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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