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Applications of Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061536. [PMID: 35326687 PMCID: PMC8945954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a prevalent disease globally, and conventional treatment options have been associated with substantial morbidity for patients. The unique acoustic properties and biological effects of focused ultrasound have been investigated for use as an alternative treatment option for various forms of cancer with lower associated morbidity than standard treatments. The objective of our review was to assess the current state and various applications of focused ultrasound for the treatment of genitourinary cancers, including prostate, kidney, bladder, penile, and testicular malignancies. Current research demonstrates that focused ultrasound-based focal therapy shows promise for the treatment of localized prostate and kidney cancer, and the effect of ultrasound on cell membranes may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Focused ultrasound-based treatment modalities should continue to be investigated as an alternative or complementary treatment option for cancer patients. Abstract Traditional cancer treatments have been associated with substantial morbidity for patients. Focused ultrasound offers a novel modality for the treatment of various forms of cancer which may offer effective oncological control and low morbidity. We performed a review of PubMed articles assessing the current applications of focused ultrasound in the treatment of genitourinary cancers, including prostate, kidney, bladder, penile, and testicular cancer. Current research indicates that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) focal therapy offers effective short-term oncologic control of localized prostate and kidney cancer with lower associated morbidity than radical surgery. In addition, studies in mice have demonstrated that focused ultrasound treatment increases the accuracy of chemotherapeutic drug delivery, the efficacy of drug uptake, and cytotoxic effects within targeted cancer cells. Ultrasound-based therapy shows promise for the treatment of genitourinary cancers. Further research should continue to investigate focused ultrasound as an alternative cancer treatment option or as a complement to increase the efficacy of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Psutka SP, Gulati R, Jewett MAS, Fadaak K, Finelli A, Legere L, Morgan TM, Pierorazio PM, Allaf ME, Herrin J, Lohse CM, Houston Thompson R, Boorjian SA, Atwell TD, Schmit GD, Costello BA, Shah ND, Leibovich BC. A Clinical Decision Aid to Support Personalized Treatment Selection for Patients with Clinical T1 Renal Masses: Results from a Multi-institutional Competing-risks Analysis. Eur Urol 2021; 81:576-585. [PMID: 34862099 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized treatment for clinical T1 renal cortical masses (RCMs) should take into account competing risks related to tumor and patient characteristics. OBJECTIVE To develop treatment-specific prediction models for cancer-specific mortality (CSM), other-cause mortality (OCM), and 90-d Clavien grade ≥3 complications across radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN), thermal ablation (TA), and active surveillance (AS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pretreatment clinical and radiological features were collected for consecutive adult patients treated with initial RN, PN, TA, or AS for RCMs at four high-volume referral centers (2000-2019). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Prediction models used competing-risks regression for CSM and OCM and logistic regression for 90-d Clavien grade ≥3 complications. Performance was assessed using bootstrap validation. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The cohort comprised 5300 patients treated with RN (n = 1277), PN (n = 2967), TA (n = 476), or AS (n = 580). Over median follow-up of 5.2 yr (interquartile range 2.5-8.7), there were 117 CSM, 607 OCM, and 198 complication events. The C index for the predictive models was 0.80 for CSM, 0.77 for OCM, and 0.64 for complications. Predictions from the fitted models are provided in an online calculator (https://small-renal-mass-risk-calculator.fredhutch.org). To illustrate, a hypothetical 74-yr-old male with a 4.5-cm RCM, body mass index of 32 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 50 ml/min, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3, and Charlson comorbidity index of 3 has predicted 5-yr CSM of 2.9-5.6% across treatments, but 5-yr OCM of 29% and risk of 90-d Clavien grade 3-5 complications of 1.9% for RN, 5.8% for PN, and 3.6% for TA. Limitations include selection bias, heterogeneity in practice across treatment sites and the study time period, and lack of control for surgeon/hospital volume. CONCLUSIONS We present a risk calculator incorporating pretreatment features to estimate treatment-specific competing risks of mortality and complications for use during shared decision-making and personalized treatment selection for RCMs. PATIENT SUMMARY We present a risk calculator that generates personalized estimates of the risks of death from cancer or other causes and of complications for surgical, ablation, and surveillance treatment options for patients with stage 1 kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Roman Gulati
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael A S Jewett
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamel Fadaak
- Department of Urology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Legere
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip M Pierorazio
- Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Division of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Health Research & Educational Trust, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Grant D Schmit
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Nilay D Shah
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Papa M, Biondetti P, Colombo R, Ierardi AM, Angileri SA, Lucignani G, Boeri L, Montanari E, Cardone G, Scagnelli P, Carrafiello G. sABLATE: a simplified ABLATE score for prediction of complications and outcome in percutaneous thermal ablation of renal lesions. Med Oncol 2021; 38:126. [PMID: 34495438 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of a simplified ABLATE score (sABLATE) in predicting complications and outcome with respect to RENAL, mRENAL, and ABLATE scores. This study included 136 renal lesions in 113 patients (M:F ratio = 2.5; mean age 70.8 years). 98 tumors underwent cryoablation at San Raffaele hospital between 01/2015 and 03/2020, while 37 underwent microwave ablation at San Paolo or Policlinico hospitals between 07/2016 and 03/2020. RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE, and sABLATE scores were calculated using pre-procedural imaging. Data regarding complications and follow-up were registered. Mann-Whitney U test, ROC analyses, and logistic regression analyses were used for complications. Cox-regression analyses were performed for outcome. Mean tumor diameter was 23.2 mm. Mean and median RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE, and sABLATE scores were 6.8 and 7, 6.9 and 7, 5.3, and 5, and 3.5 and 3, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 21.9 months (range 1-73), we registered 7 complications, 3 cases of residual disease, and 10 local tumor progressions. Mann-Whitney U test p values for complications for RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE, and sABLATE were 0.51, 0.49, 0.66, and 0.056, respectively. ROC analyses for complications showed an AUC for RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE, and sABLATE of 0.57, 0.57, 0.55, and 0.71, respectively. Regarding outcome, HR and p values of Cox-regression analyses were 1.30 and 0.36 for RENAL, 1.33 and 0.35 for mRENAL, 2.16 and 0.01 for ABLATE, 2.29 and 0.004 for sABLATE. sABLATE was the only score close to significance for complications, representing a progress even if not definitive. Regarding outcome, ABLATE confirmed its value, and sABLATE maintained validity despite being a simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Papa
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Lodi, Complex Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Viale Savoia 4, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Biondetti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Colombo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ierardi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alessio Angileri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Lucignani
- Urology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Urology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- Urology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cardone
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele-Turro, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Scagnelli
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Lodi, Complex Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Viale Savoia 4, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Cà Granda Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cazzato RL, Garnon J, De Marini P, Auloge P, Koch G, Dalili D, Buy X, Palussiere J, Rao PP, Tricard T, Lang H, Gangi A. Is percutaneous image-guided renal tumour ablation ready for prime time? Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200284. [PMID: 32543890 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, thermal ablation (TA) techniques have been increasingly applied to treat small localised renal cell carcinomas. Despite this trend, there is still an underuse of TA compared to surgery and a substantial lack of high-quality evidence derived from large, prospective, randomised controlled trials comparing the long-term oncologic outcomes of TA and surgery. Therefore, in this narrative review, we assess published guidelines and recent literature concerning the diagnosis and management of kidney-confined renal cell carcinoma to understand whether percutaneous image-guided TA is ready to be proposed as a first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Luigi Cazzato
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Garnon
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre De Marini
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Auloge
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Koch
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Danoob Dalili
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 0 St Thomas St, London SE1 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Buy
- Interventional Radiology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Palussiere
- Interventional Radiology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pramod Prabhakar Rao
- Interventional Radiology, Civil Hospital of Colmar; 39 Avenue de la Liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - Thibault Tricard
- Urology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Lang
- Urology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Afshin Gangi
- Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Morris CS, Baerlocher MO, Dariushnia SR, McLoney ED, Abi-Jaoudeh N, Nelson K, Cura M, Abdel Aal AK, Mitchell JW, Madassery S, Partovi S, McClure TD, Tam AL, Patel S. Society of Interventional Radiology Position Statement on the Role of Percutaneous Ablation in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Endorsed by the Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology and the Society of Interventional Oncology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:189-194.e3. [PMID: 31917025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Morris
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401.
| | | | - Sean R Dariushnia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric D McLoney
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nadine Abi-Jaoudeh
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Kari Nelson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Marco Cura
- Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Jason W Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Capital Regional Medical Center, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Sreekumar Madassery
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sasan Partovi
- Imaging Institute, Section of Interventional Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Timothy D McClure
- Departments of Urology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Lefrak Center for Robotic Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Alda L Tam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheena Patel
- Society of Interventional Radiology, Fairfax, Virgina
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Gunn AJ, Parikh NS, Bhatia S. Society of Interventional Radiology Quality Improvement Standards on Percutaneous Ablation in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:195-201.e3. [PMID: 31917026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gunn
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Nainesh S Parikh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shivank Bhatia
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Guo RQ, Li XG. Comparison of survival benefits of nephron-sparing intervention or active surveillance for patients with localized renal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol 2019; 19:74. [PMID: 31382939 PMCID: PMC6683559 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong evidence comparing effectiveness between nephron-sparing intervention (NSI) and active surveillance (AS) is lacking. Thus, we aim to compare the outcomes of survival, including cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and cardiovascular-specific survival (CVSS), in patients with renal masses who underwent NSI or AS. Methods A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed for citations published prior to September 2018 that described NSI, partial nephrectomy and thermal ablation included, and AS for patients with renal masses and a standard meta-analysis on survival outcomes was then conducted. Results The meta-analysis included seven studies containing 5809 patients. The results comparing NSI with AS were as follows: CSS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46–0.89, P < 0.001), OS (HR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.39–0.53, P < 0.001), and CVSS (HR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.24–0.57, P < 0.001). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that NSI is associated with better OS, CSS and CVSS when compared with AS for patients with renal masses. Further better prospective cohort studies are needed to make definitive statements about these different treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qi Guo
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dongdan Dahua Street, Beijing, 100370, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No.1 Dongdan Dahua Street, Beijing, 100370, People's Republic of China.
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Uhlig J, Kokabi N, Xing M, Kim HS. Ablation versus Resection for Stage 1A Renal Cell Carcinoma: National Variation in Clinical Management and Selected Outcomes. Radiology 2018; 288:889-897. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018172960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Treatment for Localized T1a Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Survival Benefit for Cryosurgery and Thermal Ablation Compared to Deferred Therapy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 41:277-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Speed JM, Trinh QD, Choueiri TK, Sun M. Recurrence in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review of Contemporary Data. Curr Urol Rep 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28213859 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are at risk of recurrence. The purpose of this review was to characterize the literature on recurrence rates and risk factors after diagnosis of localized RCC. RECENT FINDINGS Our search revealed that existing data examining the prevalence of recurrence rates predominantly originates from cohorts of patients diagnosed and treated in the 1980s to 1990s, and may therefore not be as useful for counseling for current patients today. Many nomograms including the Cindolo Recurrence Risk Formula, the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Integrated Scoring System (UISS), the SSIGN score, the Kattan nomogram, and the Karakiewicz nomogram have shown value in identifying patients at higher risk for recurrence. Biomarkers and gene assays have shown promise in augmenting the predictive accuracy of some of the aforementioned predictive models, especially when multiple gene markers are used in combination. However, more work is needed in not only developing a model but also validating it in other settings prior to clinical use. Adjuvant therapy is a promising new treatment strategy for patients with high-risk disease. Importantly, too many surveillance strategies exist. This may stem from the lack of a consensus in the urological community in how to follow these patients, as well as the variable guideline recommendations. In conclusion, contemporary recurrence rates are needed. Recurrence risk prediction models should be developed based on a series of more contemporary patients, and externally validated prior to routine clinical practice. Surveillance strategies following treatment of localized RCC need to be identified and standardized. Finally, there is a trend toward personalizing surveillance regimens to more appropriately screen patients at higher risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Speed
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis St, ASB II-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis St, ASB II-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dana 1230, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maxine Sun
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis St, ASB II-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Larcher A, Trudeau V, Dell'Oglio P, Tian Z, Boehm K, Fossati N, Capitanio U, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Karakiewicz P. Prediction of Competing Mortality for Decision-making Between Surgery or Observation in Elderly Patients With T1 Kidney Cancer. Urology 2017; 102:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Trudeau V, Karakiewicz PI, Larcher A. Author Reply. Urology 2016; 89:68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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