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Classe F, Kern C. Detecting Differential Item Functioning in Multidimensional Graded Response Models With Recursive Partitioning. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2024; 48:83-103. [PMID: 38585304 PMCID: PMC10993862 DOI: 10.1177/01466216241238743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Differential item functioning (DIF) is a common challenge when examining latent traits in large scale surveys. In recent work, methods from the field of machine learning such as model-based recursive partitioning have been proposed to identify subgroups with DIF when little theoretical guidance and many potential subgroups are available. On this basis, we propose and compare recursive partitioning techniques for detecting DIF with a focus on measurement models with multiple latent variables and ordinal response data. We implement tree-based approaches for identifying subgroups that contribute to DIF in multidimensional latent variable modeling and propose a robust, yet scalable extension, inspired by random forests. The proposed techniques are applied and compared with simulations. We show that the proposed methods are able to efficiently detect DIF and allow to extract decision rules that lead to subgroups with well fitting models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Kern
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
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Saffari M, Fan CW, Chang YL, Huang PC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Lin CC, Yang WC, Lin CY, Potenza MN. Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0): Rasch analysis and differential item functioning. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 36443860 PMCID: PMC9703721 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a prevalent concern that may manifest as poorly controlled food consumption and promote overweight/obesity. Thus, having a well-established instrument for assessment may facilitate better prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of two common measures of FA (i.e., the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] 2.0 and its modified version, mYFAS 2.0) using a robust statistical analysis (Rasch model). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the scales were sent to 974 students studying in higher education (60% females) in Taiwan through online media including email and social networks. Rasch modeling was used to assess dimensionality, difficulty level, and item misfit and hierarchy. Differential item functioning (DIF) was performed to examine consistency of the items across gender and weight status. RESULTS Rasch analysis indicated 3 items of the 35 items belonging to the YFAS 2.0 (8.6%) and none belonging to the mYFAS 2.0 were misfit. Unidimensionality and construct validity of both scales were supported by appropriate goodness-of-fit for diagnostic criteria. The person separation was 3.14 (reliability = 0.91) for the YFAS 2.0 and 2.17 (reliability = 0.82) for mYFAS 2.0, indicating the scales could distinguish participants into more than 3 strata. Only one substantial DIF was found for diagnostic criteria of "Failure to fulfill major role obligation" in the YFAS 2.0 across gender. CONCLUSION According to Rasch modeling, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 have acceptable construct validity in Chinese-speaking youth. Scoring methods using either diagnostic criteria or symptom counts for both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 are supported by the present Rasch findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- grid.413400.20000 0004 1773 7121Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- grid.411729.80000 0000 8946 5787Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- grid.430718.90000 0001 0585 5508Sunway Business School, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Chien-Ching Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Infinite Power, Lt. Co., No. 38, Yonghe 1st St., Renwu Dist., Kaohsiung, 814 Taiwan
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, and Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.414671.10000 0000 8938 4936Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Wijayanto F, Mul K, Groot P, van Engelen BG, Heskes T. Semi-automated Rasch analysis using in-plus-out-of-questionnaire log likelihood. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 74:313-339. [PMID: 32857418 PMCID: PMC8246875 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rasch analysis is a popular statistical tool for developing and validating instruments that aim to measure human performance, attitudes and perceptions. Despite the availability of various software packages, constructing a good instrument based on Rasch analysis is still considered to be a complex, labour-intensive task, requiring human expertise and rather subjective judgements along the way. In this paper we propose a semi-automated method for Rasch analysis based on first principles that reduces the need for human input. To this end, we introduce a novel criterion, called in-plus-out-of-questionnaire log likelihood (IPOQ-LL). On artificial data sets, we confirm that optimization of IPOQ-LL leads to the desired behaviour in the case of multi-dimensional and inhomogeneous surveys. On three publicly available real-world data sets, our method leads to instruments that are, for all practical purposes, indistinguishable from those obtained by Rasch analysis experts through a manual procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feri Wijayanto
- Department of InformaticsUniversitas Islam IndonesiaYogyakartaIndonesia
- Institute for Computing and Information SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Karlien Mul
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition, and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Perry Groot
- Institute for Computing and Information SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Baziel G.M. van Engelen
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition, and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Heskes
- Institute for Computing and Information SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Bollmann S, Berger M, Tutz G. Item-Focused Trees for the Detection of Differential Item Functioning in Partial Credit Models. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2018; 78:781-804. [PMID: 32655170 PMCID: PMC7328226 DOI: 10.1177/0013164417722179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various methods to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in item response models are available. However, most of these methods assume that the responses are binary, and so for ordered response categories available methods are scarce. In the present article, DIF in the widely used partial credit model is investigated. An item-focused tree is proposed that allows the detection of DIF items, which might affect the performance of the partial credit model. The method uses tree methodology, yielding a tree for each item that is detected as DIF item. The visualization as trees makes the results easily accessible, as the obtained trees show which variables induce DIF and in which way. In the present paper, the new method is compared with alternative approaches and simulations demonstrate the performance of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moritz Berger
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Tutz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Mayr A, Hofner B, Waldmann E, Hepp T, Meyer S, Gefeller O. An Update on Statistical Boosting in Biomedicine. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6083072. [PMID: 28831290 PMCID: PMC5558647 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6083072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Statistical boosting algorithms have triggered a lot of research during the last decade. They combine a powerful machine learning approach with classical statistical modelling, offering various practical advantages like automated variable selection and implicit regularization of effect estimates. They are extremely flexible, as the underlying base-learners (regression functions defining the type of effect for the explanatory variables) can be combined with any kind of loss function (target function to be optimized, defining the type of regression setting). In this review article, we highlight the most recent methodological developments on statistical boosting regarding variable selection, functional regression, and advanced time-to-event modelling. Additionally, we provide a short overview on relevant applications of statistical boosting in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mayr
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institut für Statistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Waldmann
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meyer
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Tutz G, Berger M. Item-focussed Trees for the Identification of Items in Differential Item Functioning. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2016; 81:727-750. [PMID: 26596721 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-015-9488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the identification of differential item functioning (DIF) by means of recursive partitioning techniques is proposed. We assume an extension of the Rasch model that allows for DIF being induced by an arbitrary number of covariates for each item. Recursive partitioning on the item level results in one tree for each item and leads to simultaneous selection of items and variables that induce DIF. For each item, it is possible to detect groups of subjects with different item difficulties, defined by combinations of characteristics that are not pre-specified. The way a DIF item is determined by covariates is visualized in a small tree and therefore easily accessible. An algorithm is proposed that is based on permutation tests. Various simulation studies, including the comparison with traditional approaches to identify items with DIF, show the applicability and the competitive performance of the method. Two applications illustrate the usefulness and the advantages of the new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Tutz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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