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Yan Q, Gomis Perez C, Karatekin E. Cell Membrane Tension Gradients, Membrane Flows, and Cellular Processes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501962 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane tension affects and is affected by many fundamental cellular processes, yet it is poorly understood. Recent experiments show that membrane tension can propagate at vastly different speeds in different cell types, reflecting physiological adaptations. Here we briefly review the current knowledge about membrane tension gradients, membrane flows, and their physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Carolina Gomis Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences (SPPIN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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Garcia-Seyda N, Song S, Seveau de Noray V, David-Broglio L, Matti C, Artinger M, Dupuy F, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Valignat MP, Legler DF, Bajénoff M, Theodoly O. Naive T lymphocytes chemotax long distance to CCL21 but not to a source of bioactive S1P. iScience 2023; 26:107695. [PMID: 37822497 PMCID: PMC10562802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Naive T lymphocytes traffic through the organism in search for antigen, alternating between blood and secondary lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes relies on CCL21 chemokine sensing by CCR7 receptors, while exit into efferent lymphatics relies on sphingolipid S1P sensing by S1PR1 receptors. While both molecules are claimed chemotactic, a quantitative analysis of naive T lymphocyte migration along defined gradients is missing. Here, we used a reductionist approach to study the real-time single-cell response of naive T lymphocytes to CCL21 and serum rich in bioactive S1P. Using microfluidic and micropatterning ad hoc tools, we show that CCL21 triggers stable polarization and long-range chemotaxis of cells, whereas S1P-rich serum triggers a transient polarization only and no significant displacement, potentially representing a brief transmigration step through exit portals. Our in vitro data thus suggest that naive T lymphocyte chemotax long distances to CCL21 but not toward a source of bioactive S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Garcia-Seyda
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Solene Song
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | | | - Luc David-Broglio
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Dupuy
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Martine Biarnes-Pelicot
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Valignat
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
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Zhang B, Zhang W, He Y, Ma X, Li M, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Lv X, Yang W, Xu C. Store-operated Ca 2+ entry-sensitive glycolysis regulates neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcemia. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7131-7146. [PMID: 37164848 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypocalcemia in dairy cows is associated with a decrease of neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis, an effect driven partly by changes in the expression of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE)-related molecules. It is well established in nonruminants that neutrophils obtain the energy required for immune function through glycolysis. Whether glycolysis plays a role in the acquisition of energy by neutrophils during hypocalcemia in dairy cows is unknown. To address this relationship, we performed a cohort study and then a clinical trial. Neutrophils were isolated at 2 d postcalving from lactating Holstein dairy cows (average 2.83 ± 0.42 lactations, n = 6) diagnosed as clinically healthy (CON) or with plasma concentrations of Ca2+ <2.0 mmol/L as a criterion for diagnosing subclinical hypocalcemia (HYP, average 2.83 ± 0.42 lactations, n = 6). In the first experiment, neutrophils were isolated from blood of CON and HYP cows and used to analyze aspects of adhesion and phagocytosis function through quantitative reverse-transcription PCR along with confocal laser scanning microscopy, mRNA expression of the glycolysis-related gene hexokinase 2 (HKII), and components of the SOCE moiety ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1, ORAI2, ORAI3, stromal interaction molecule 1 [STIM1], and STIM2). Results showed that adhesion and phagocytosis function were reduced in HYP cows. The mRNA expression of adhesion-related syndecan-4 (SDC4), integrin β9 (ITGA9), and integrin β3 (ITGB3) and phagocytosis-related molecules complement component 1 R subcomponent (C1R), CD36, tubulinß1 (TUBB1) were significantly decreased in the HYP group. In the second experiment, to address how glycolysis affects neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis, neutrophils isolated from CON and HYP cows were treated with 2 μM HKII inhibitor benserazide-d3 or 1 μM fructose-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) inhibitor MB05032 for 1 h. Results revealed that the HKII inhibitor benserazide-d3 reduced phagocytosis and the mRNA abundance of ITGA9, and CD36 in the HYP group. The FBP1 inhibitor MB05032 increased adhesion and phagocytosis and increased mRNA abundance of HKII, ITGA9, and CD36 in the HYP group. Finally, to investigate the mechanism whereby SOCE-sensitive glycolysis affects neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis, isolated neutrophils were treated with 1 μM SOCE activator thapsigargin or 50 μM inhibitor 2-APB for 1 h. Results showed that thapsigargin increased mRNA abundance of HKII, ITGA9, and CD36, and increased adhesion and phagocytosis in the HYP group. In contrast, 2-APB decreased mRNA abundance of HKII and both adhesion and phagocytosis of neutrophils in the CON group. Overall, the data indicated that SOCE-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ levels affect glycolysis and help regulate adhesion and phagocytosis of neutrophils during hypocalcemia in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xinquan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
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Liao L, Liu X, Zhou S. IMPACTS OF SUSPENSION TRAINING ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SWIMMERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Suspension training develops the physical fitness of a swimmer and improves his or her abilities. The specific fitness of a swimmer is the body's ability to adapt to load in swimming. This is also a comprehensive reflection of their physical function, conditioning, athletic ability, and overall health. Objective This study aimed to analyze the effect of suspension training on swimmers’ balance, abdominal center strength, and athletic performance. Methods This paper selects several swimmers as research volunteers. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both of them underwent physical training for three months. The experimental group adopted the suspension training method. The control group used traditional training methods. Mathematical statistics performed data analysis in both groups. Results The physical fitness of the two groups of swimmers was improved substantially after the experiment (P<0.05). The strength balance ability of the experimental group showed better performance(P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the results of fitness index tests (P<0.01). Conclusion Suspension training has a prominent effect on the physical development of swimmers. This modality proved a better efficacy on swimmers’ performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Seifert J, Rheinlaender J, von Eysmondt H, Schäffer TE. Mechanics of migrating platelets investigated with scanning ion conductance microscopy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8192-8199. [PMID: 35621412 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small blood cells involved in hemostasis, wound healing, and immune response. After adhesion and spreading, platelets can migrate at sites of injury inducing an early immune response to inflammation or infection. Platelet migration requires fibrinogen-integrin binding and fibrinogen depletion from the substrate inducing a self-generated ligand gradient guiding the direction of migration. This type of cellular motion is referred to as haptotactic migration. The underlying mechanisms of haptotactic platelet migration have just recently been discovered, but the connection to platelet mechanics has remained unknown yet. Using scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we investigated the three-dimensional morphology and mechanics of platelets during haptotactic migration for the first time. Migrating platelets showed a polarized, anisotropic shape oriented in the direction of migration. This polarization goes hand in hand with a characteristic subcellular stiffness distribution showing a region of increased stiffness at the leading edge. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the leading edge revealed a highly dynamic stiffening and softening process with rapid changes of the elastic modulus by a factor of up to 5× per minute. Inhibition of actin polymerization stopped the dynamic stiffening and softening process and halted the migration. By combining SICM with confocal fluorescence microscopy, we found that the increased stiffness and mechanical dynamics at the leading edge coincided with an increased volumetric F-actin density. Our data provide a connection between platelet mechanics and the cytoskeletal contribution to the migration process of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Seifert
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rheinlaender
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik von Eysmondt
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Husson J. Editorial. Biol Cell 2021; 113:271. [PMID: 33977544 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Husson
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, 91120, France
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Aoun L, Nègre P, Gonsales C, Seveau de Noray V, Brustlein S, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Valignat MP, Theodoly O. Leukocyte transmigration and longitudinal forward-thrusting force in a microfluidic Transwell device. Biophys J 2021; 120:2205-2221. [PMID: 33838136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmigration of leukocytes across blood vessels walls is a critical step of the immune response. Transwell assays examine transmigration properties in vitro by counting cells passages through a membrane; however, the difficulty of in situ imaging hampers a clear disentanglement of the roles of adhesion, chemokinesis, and chemotaxis. We used here microfluidic Transwells to image the cells' transition from 2D migration on a surface to 3D migration in a confining microchannel and measure cells longitudinal forward-thrusting force in microchannels. Primary human effector T lymphocytes adhering with integrins LFA-1 (αLβ2) had a marked propensity to transmigrate in Transwells without chemotactic cue. Both adhesion and contractility were important to overcome the critical step of nucleus penetration but were remarkably dispensable for 3D migration in smooth microchannels deprived of topographic features. Transmigration in smooth channels was qualitatively consistent with a propulsion by treadmilling of cell envelope and squeezing of cell trailing edge. Stalling conditions of 3D migration were then assessed by imposing pressure drops across microchannels. Without specific adhesion, the cells slid backward with subnanonewton forces, showing that 3D migration under stress is strongly limited by a lack of adhesion and friction with channels. With specific LFA-1 mediated adhesion, stalling occurred at around 3 and 6 nN in 2 × 4 and 4 × 4 μm2 channels, respectively, supporting that stalling of adherent cells was under pressure control rather than force control. The stall pressure of 4 mbar is consistent with the pressure of actin filament polymerization that mediates lamellipod growth. The arrest of adherent cells under stress therefore seems controlled by the compression of the cell leading edge, which perturbs cells front-rear polarization and triggers adhesion failure or polarization reversal. Although stalling assays in microfluidic Transwells do not mimic in vivo transmigration, they provide a powerful tool to scrutinize 2D and 3D migration, barotaxis, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurene Aoun
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paulin Nègre
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Cristina Gonsales
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sophie Brustlein
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Valignat
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- LAI, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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