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Ghosh C, Hu J. Importance of targeting various cell signaling pathways in solid cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:101-155. [PMID: 38663958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most adult human cancers are solid tumors prevailing in vital organs and lead to mortality all over the globe. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer genes or genes of associated signaling pathways impart the most common characteristic of malignancy, that is, uncontrolled proliferation. Unless the mechanism of action of these cells signaling pathways (involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and the maintenance of the stemness of cancer stem cells and cancer microenvironment) and their physiologic alteration are extensively studied, it is challenging to understand tumorigenesis as well as develop new treatments and precision medicines. Targeted therapy is one of the most promising strategies for treating various cancers. However, cancer is an evolving disease, and most patients develop resistance to these drugs by acquired mutations or mediation of microenvironmental factors or due to tumor heterogeneity. Researchers are striving to develop novel therapeutic options like combinatorial approaches targeting multiple responsible pathways effectively. Thus, in-depth knowledge of cell signaling and its components remains a critical topic of cancer research. This chapter summarized various extensively studied pathways in solid cancer and how they are targeted for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States.
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States
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2
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Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Siddiqui S, Chadha M, Shukla R, Srivastava V. Emerging trends in gastrointestinal cancers: Targeting developmental pathways in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:41-99. [PMID: 38663962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carcinomas are a group of cancers associated with the digestive system and its accessory organs. The most prevalent cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract are colorectal, gall bladder, gastric, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancers, respectively. Molecular aberrations in different signaling pathways, such as signal transduction systems or developmental pathways are the chief triggering mechanisms in different cancers Though a massive advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions results in improved survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer; the lower malignancy stages of these carcinomas are comparatively asymptomatic. Various gastrointestinal-related cancers are detected at advanced stages, leading to deplorable prognoses and increased rates of recurrence. Recent molecular studies have elucidated the imperative roles of several signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways, play in the progression, therapeutic responsiveness, and metastasis of gastrointestinal-related cancers. This book chapter gives an interesting update on recent findings on the involvement of developmental signaling pathways their mechanistic insight in gastrointestinalcancer. Subsequently, evidences supporting the exploration of gastrointestinal cancer related molecular mechanisms have also been discussed for developing novel therapeutic strategies against these debilitating carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Chadha
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hung TH, Yeh CN, Hung JT, Wu CE, Lee CW, Yu J, Yu AL, Huang Y. Globo H ceramide is an independent prognostic marker for gallbladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4811-4821. [PMID: 37970342 PMCID: PMC10636676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent studies, there has been growing interest in developing cancer therapeutics targeting Globo H ceramide, which is considered as the most prevalent tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen in epithelial cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of Globo H and investigate its prognostic significance in gallbladder cancer (GBC). The tumor specimens and clinical characteristics of GBC patients were collected from the tumor bank and database of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Globo H in tumor specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass spectrometry analysis. Through data mining, it was discovered that FUT1 and FUT2, which are key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Globo H, were significantly up-regulated in human gallbladder cancer (GBC). Consistent with this finding, Globo H expression was detected in 86% (128 out of 149) of GBC specimens using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. This was the highest frequency among Globo H expressing cancers. Patients with tumors exhibiting higher Globo H expression (H-score ≥ 80) demonstrated significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0004, respectively). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, elevated Globo H expression was identified as an independent unfavorable predictor for DFS and OS (hazard ratio: 2.29 and 2.32, respectively, P = 0.008 and 0.001) in primary GBC. Globo H is an independent prognostic marker for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-En Wu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San DiegoSan Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Seyed Hosseini E, Alizadeh Zarei M, Tarrahimofrad H, Zamani J, Haddad Kashani H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H. Synergistic effects of dendrosomal nanocurcumin and oxaliplatin on oncogenic properties of ovarian cancer cell lines by down-expression of MMPs. Biol Res 2023; 56:3. [PMID: 36658640 PMCID: PMC9854214 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrary to the advantageous anticancer activities of curcumin (Cur), limited bioavailability and solubility hindered its efficacy. Here, nontoxic dendrosomal nano carrier with Cur was used to overcome these problems. Despite considerable antitumor properties of Oxaliplatin (Oxa), the limiting factors are drug resistance and adverse side-effects. The hypothesis of this study was to evaluate the possible synergism between dendrosomal nanocurcumin (DNC) and Oxa and these agents showed growth regulatory effects on SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the present study, colony formation, wound healing motility, cell adhesion, transwell invasion and migration assay and cell cycle arrest with or without DNC, Oxa and Combination were defined. In addition to, real time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze AKT, PI3K, PKC, JNK, P38 and MMPs mRNAs and proteins expressions. Docking of MMP-2-Cur, MMP-2-DNC and MMP-2-Oxa was performed and the results of all three complexes were simulated by molecular dynamics. RESULTS Our findings illustrated that DNC had the greatest effect on cell death as compared to the Cur alone. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effects (such as cell death correlated to apoptosis) were more intense if Oxa was added followed by DNC at 4 h interval. However, insignificant effects were observed upon simultaneous addition of these two agents in both cell lines. Besides, a combination of agents synergistically alters the relative expression of MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS The docking results showed that His70 and Asp100 may play a key role at the MMP-2 binding site. The matrigel invasion as well as cell viability of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3 by DNC alone or in combination with Oxa was inhibited significantly. The inhibitory effects of these agents were due to the differential expression levels of MMP 2 and MMP 9 regulated by multiple downstream signaling cascades. From the molecular dynamic simulation studies, it was confirmed that DNC established a strong interaction with MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran ,grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Alizadeh Zarei
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- grid.419420.a0000 0000 8676 7464Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- grid.419420.a0000 0000 8676 7464Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran ,grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Nagao S, Onishi H, Kawamoto M, Masuda S, Na L, Morisaki S, Iwamoto N, Yamada Y, Koga S, Ichimiya S, Nakayama K, Imaizumi A, Nakashima K, Oda Y, Nakamura M. C4orf47 contributes to the dormancy of pancreatic cancer under hypoxic conditions. J Cancer 2023; 14:306-317. [PMID: 36741255 PMCID: PMC9891878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.78993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In our comprehensive analysis of pancreatic cancer pathology, we found that the C4orf47 molecule was upregulated in hypoxic environments. C4orf47 is reported to be a centrosome-associated protein, but its biological significance in cancer is completely unknown; therefore, we assessed its role in pancreatic cancer. We found that C4orf47 was a direct target of HIF-1α and is upregulated in hypoxic conditions, in which it suppressed the cell cycle and inhibits cell proliferation through up-regulation of the cell cycle repressors Fbxw-7, P27, and p57; and the down-regulation of the cell cycle promoters c-myc, cyclinD1, and cyclinC. Furthermore, C4orf47 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced their cell plasticity and invasiveness. In addition, the p-Erk/p-p38 ratio was significantly enhanced and down-regulated CD44 expression by C4orf47 suppression, suggesting that C4orf47 is involved in pancreatic cancer dormancy under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the potential of C4orf47 expression was a good prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. These results contribute to the elucidation of the pathology of refractory pancreatic cancer and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Nagao
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,✉ Corresponding author: Dr Hideya Onishi, Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lin Na
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Morisaki
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Iwamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Canale M, Monti M, Rapposelli IG, Ulivi P, Sullo FG, Bartolini G, Tiberi E, Frassineti GL. Molecular Targets and Emerging Therapies for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5671. [PMID: 34830826 PMCID: PMC8616432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), for their low incidence, have been often considered together. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy, characterized by late diagnosis and poor prognosis, and although it is considered a rare tumor in western countries, other areas of the world show considerable incidence rates. In 2010, results from the large phase III ABC-02 clinical trial on GBC identified the gemcitabine and cisplatin combination as the most effective first-line regimen for both GBC and other BTCs. Since then, various systemic therapies have proven active in BTCs in both first- and second-line settings. Molecular profiling has highlighted important genetic differences between GBC and other BTCs, opening new ways for targeted therapy in advanced disease where standard chemotherapies show marginal benefit. Genome-wide data analysis have shown that GBC molecular landscape offer possible strategies for precision medicine approaches, and a better molecular understanding of the GBC is needed to better stratify patients for treatment. In this review, we discuss the molecular targetable agents for GBC, including the results that emerged by clinical trials exploring new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Manlio Monti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Francesco Giulio Sullo
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Elisa Tiberi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (F.G.S.); (G.B.); (E.T.); (G.L.F.)
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The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194774. [PMID: 34638259 PMCID: PMC8507550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most refractory malignancies with a high mortality rate. Among all the pathways involved in CCA development, emerging evidence highlights Hedgehog (HH) signaling as a substantial player in CCA-genesis and development. The pro-tumoral function of HH provides potential therapeutic implications, and recently the use of HH inhibitors has paved the way for clinical application in various solid tumors. Targeting HH members, namely Hedgehog ligands, SMO transmembrane protein and GLI transcription factors may thus confer therapeutic options for the improvement of CCA treatment outcome. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poorly treatable type of cancer and, along with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the predominant type of primitive liver cancer in adults. The lack of understanding of CCA biology has slowed down the identification of novel targets and the development of effective treatments. While tumors share some general characteristics, detailed knowledge of specific features is essential for the development of effectively tailored therapeutic approaches. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling cascade regulates stemness biology, embryonal development, tissue homeostasis, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Its aberrant activation has been associated with a variety of solid and hematological human malignancies. Several HH-inhibiting compounds have been indeed developed as potential anticancer agents in different types of tumors, with Smoothened and GLI inhibitors showing the most promising results. Beside its well-established function in other tumors, findings regarding the HH signaling in CCA are still controversial. Here we will give an overview of the most important clinical and molecular features of cholangiocarcinoma, and we will discuss the available evidence of the crosstalk between the HH signaling pathway and the cholangiocarcinoma cell biology.
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8
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Koga S, Onishi H, Masuda S, Fujimura A, Ichimiya S, Nakayama K, Imaizumi A, Nishiyama K, Kojima M, Miyoshi K, Nakamura K, Umebayashi M, Morisaki T, Nakamura M. PTPN3 is a potential target for a new cancer immunotherapy that has a dual effect of T cell activation and direct cancer inhibition in lung neuroendocrine tumor. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101152. [PMID: 34134073 PMCID: PMC8208899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN3 suppression associates with lymphocyte activation and cancer suppression. PTPN3 is involved in the induction of malignant traits. PTPN3 is associated with cellular immunosuppression. Signals from PTPN3 go through MAPK and PI3K signaling. PTPN3-inhibited lung NET cells enhance PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes.
In our previous study, we found that inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), which is expressed in lymphocytes, enhances lymphocyte activation, suggesting PTPN3 may act as an immune checkpoint molecule. However, PTPN3 is also expressed in various cancers, and the biological significance of PTPN3 in cancer cells is still not well understood, especially for lung neuroendocrine tumor (NET).Therefore, we analyzed the biological significance of PTPN3 in small cell lung cancer and examined the potential for PTPN3 inhibitory treatment as a cancer treatment approach in lung NET including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC). Experiments in a mouse xenograft model using allo lymphocytes showed that PTPN3 inhibition in SCLC cells enhanced the anti-tumor effect of PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes. In addition, PTPN3 was associated with increased vascularization, decreased CD8/FOXP3 ratio and cellular immunosuppression in SCLC clinical specimens. Experiments in a mouse xenograft model using autocrine lymphocytes also showed that PTPN3 inhibition in LCNEC cells augmented the anti-tumor effect of PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes. In vitro experiments showed that PTPN3 is involved in the induction of malignant traits such as proliferation, invasion and migration. Signaling from PTPN3 is mediated by MAPK and PI3K signals via tyrosine kinase phosphorylation through CACNA1G calcium channel. Our results show that PTPN3 suppression is associated with lymphocyte activation and cancer suppression in lung NET. These results suggest that PTPN3 suppression could be a new method of cancer treatment and a major step in the development of new cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishiyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kojima
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Brägelmann J, Barahona Ponce C, Marcelain K, Roessler S, Goeppert B, Gallegos I, Colombo A, Sanhueza V, Morales E, Rivera MT, de Toro G, Ortega A, Müller B, Gabler F, Scherer D, Waldenberger M, Reischl E, Boekstegers F, Garate-Calderon V, Umu SU, Rounge TB, Popanda O, Lorenzo Bermejo J. Epigenome-Wide Analysis of Methylation Changes in the Sequence of Gallstone Disease, Dysplasia, and Gallbladder Cancer. Hepatology 2021; 73:2293-2310. [PMID: 33020926 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. Most cases of GBC are diagnosed in low-income and middle-income countries, and research into this disease has long been limited. In this study we therefore investigate the epigenetic changes along the model of GBC carcinogenesis represented by the sequence gallstone disease → dysplasia → GBC in Chile, the country with the highest incidence of GBC worldwide. APPROACH AND RESULTS To perform epigenome-wide methylation profiling, genomic DNA extracted from sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gallbladder tissue was analyzed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips. Preprocessed, quality-controlled data from 82 samples (gallstones n = 32, low-grade dysplasia n = 13, high-grade dysplasia n = 9, GBC n = 28) were available to identify differentially methylated markers, regions, and pathways as well as changes in copy number variations (CNVs). The number and magnitude of epigenetic changes increased with disease development and predominantly involved the hypermethylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide islands and gene promoter regions. The methylation of genes implicated in Wnt signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and tumor suppression increased with tumor grade. CNVs also increased with GBC development and affected cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, MDM2 proto-oncogene, tumor protein P53, and cyclin D1 genes. Gains in the targetable Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene were detected in 14% of GBC samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GBC carcinogenesis comprises three main methylation stages: early (gallstone disease and low-grade dysplasia), intermediate (high-grade dysplasia), and late (GBC). The identified gradual changes in methylation and CNVs may help to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this aggressive disease and eventually lead to improved treatment and early diagnosis of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brägelmann
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology & Department of Translational Genomics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carol Barahona Ponce
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Gallegos
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Sanhueza
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica del Maule & Unidad de Anatomia Patologica del Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Gonzalo de Toro
- Escuela de Tecnologia Medica, Universidad Austral de Chile sede Puerto Montt & Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Alejandro Ortega
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Regional, Arica, Chile
| | - Bettina Müller
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital San Borja Arriaran, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Boekstegers
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Garate-Calderon
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sinan U Umu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Yang C, Chen J, Yu Z, Luo J, Li X, Zhou B, Jiang N. Mining of RNA Methylation-Related Genes and Elucidation of Their Molecular Biology in Gallbladder Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621806. [PMID: 33718182 PMCID: PMC7947712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), which has high invasion and metastasis risks, remains the most common biliary tract malignancy. Surgical resection for GBC is the only effective treatment, but most patients miss the opportunity for curative surgery because of a lack of timely diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify and verify early candidate diagnostic and prognostic RNA methylation related genes for GBC via integrated transcriptome bioinformatics analysis. Lists of GBC-related genes and methylation-related genes were collected from public databases to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using the limma package and the RobustRankAggreg (RRA) package. The core genes were collected with batch effects corrected by the RRA algorithm through protein interaction network analysis, signaling pathway enrichment analysis and gene ranking. Four modules obtained from four public microarray datasets were found to be related to GBC, and FGA, F2, HAO1, CFH, PIPOX, ITIH4, GNMT, MAT1A, MTHFD1, HPX, CTH, EPHX2, HSD17B6, AKR1C4, CFHR3, ENNP1, and NAT2 were revealed to be potential hub genes involved in methylation-related pathways and bile metabolism-related pathways. Among these, FGA, CFH, F2, HPX, and PIPOX were predicted to be methylated genes in GBC, but POPIX had no modification sites for RNA methylation. Furthermore, survival analysis of TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) database showed that six genes among the hub genes, FGA, CFH, ENPP1, CFHR3, ITIH4, and NAT2, were highly expressed and significantly correlated with worse prognosis. Gene correlation analysis revealed that the FGA was positively correlated with the ENPP1, NAT2, and CFHR3, while CFH was positively correlated with the NAT2, CFHR3, and FGA. In addition, the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that the expressions of FGA, F2, CFH, PIPOX, ITIH4, GNMT, MAT1A, MTHFD1, HPX, CFHR3, NAT2, and ENPP1 were higher in GBC tissues than that in control tissues. In conclusion, two genes, FGA and CFH, were identified as RNA methylation-related genes also involved in bile metabolism in GBC, which may be novel biomarkers to early diagnose and evaluate prognosis for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoyong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Ichimiya S, Onishi H, Nagao S, Koga S, Sakihama K, Nakayama K, Fujimura A, Oyama Y, Imaizumi A, Oda Y, Nakamura M. GLI2 but not GLI1/GLI3 plays a central role in the induction of malignant phenotype of gallbladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:997-1010. [PMID: 33650666 PMCID: PMC7860001 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Hedgehog (Hh) signal was enhanced in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and was involved in the induction of malignant phenotype of GBC. In recent years, therapeutics that target Hh signaling have focused on molecules downstream of smoothened (SMO). The three transcription factors in the Hh signal pathway, glioma‑associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), GLI2, and GLI3, function downstream of SMO, but their biological role in GBC remains unclear. In the present study, the biological significance of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 were analyzed with the aim of developing novel treatments for GBC. It was revealed that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, was involved in the cell cycle‑mediated proliferative capacity in GBC and that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, was involved in the enhanced invasive capacity through epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Further analyses revealed that GLI2 may function in mediating gemcitabine sensitivity and that GLI2 was involved in the promotion of fibrosis in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining of 66 surgically resected GBC tissues revealed that GLI2‑high expression patients had fewer numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and increased programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) expression in cancer cells. These results suggest that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, is involved in proliferation, invasion, fibrosis, PD‑L1 expression, and TILs in GBC and could be a novel therapeutic target. The results of this study provide a significant contribution to the development of a new treatment for refractory GBC, which has few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Nagao
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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12
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Liver regeneration and liver metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:86-97. [PMID: 32532594 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms provides the best chance of cure. Advanced surgical techniques such as portal vein embolisation, two-staged hepatectomy and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged-hepatectomy (ALPPS) have facilitated hepatic resection in patients with previously unresectable, bi-lobar disease. These techniques are frequently employed to ensure favourable clinical outcomes and avoid potentially fatal post-operative complications such as small for size syndrome and post-hepatectomy liver failure. However, they rely on the innate ability of the liver to regenerate. As our knowledge of liver organogenesis, liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis has expanded in recent decades it has come to light that liver regeneration may also drive tumour recurrence. Clinical studies in patients undergoing portal vein embolisation indicate that tumours may progress following the procedure in concordance with liver regeneration and hypertrophy, however overall survival in these patients has not been shown to be worse. In this article, we delve into the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration to better understand the complex ways in which this may affect tumour behaviour and ultimately inform clinical decisions.
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13
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Saeki K, Onishi H, Koga S, Ichimiya S, Nakayama K, Oyama Y, Kawamoto M, Sakihama K, Yamamoto T, Matsuda R, Miyasaka Y, Nakamura M, Oda Y. FAM115C could be a novel tumor suppressor associated with prolonged survival in pancreatic cancer patients. J Cancer 2020; 11:2289-2302. [PMID: 32127956 PMCID: PMC7052938 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We have recently explored new targeting molecules and pathways in PDAC cells under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we performed a microarray experiment to analyze the genes up-regulated in PDAC cell lines under hypoxia compared to normoxia, and identified human family with sequence similarity 115, member C (FAM115C) as a candidate gene for further study. Our data showed that FAM115C was overexpressed in PDAC cell lines under hypoxia, and FAM115C inhibition promoted PDAC cell migration and invasion in vitro. FAM115C inhibition did not affect tumor cell proliferation in PDAC. Immunohistochemically, FAM115C expression was observed ubiquitously in normal pancreas, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC tissue, and it was located mainly in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm of cells. In qPCR analysis, high expression of FAM115C was correlated with better prognosis in patients with PDAC. Our findings suggest that FAM115C could be a novel tumor suppressor associated with prolonged survival in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Saeki
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oyama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Baichan P, Naicker P, Devar JWS, Smith M, Candy GP, Nweke E. Targeting gallbladder cancer: a pathway based perspective. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2361-2369. [PMID: 32020429 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate suggesting the need for more effective treatment strategies. Studying the cross-talk of several pathways involved in crucial cellular and biological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, migration and apoptosis would prove beneficial in identifying key players of GBC progression and targeting them. This review highlights several pathways known to be dysregulated in GBC onset and progression and describes known and potential targets. Within these pathways, there are proteins involved in the signalling cascade, which may be targeted as potential biomarkers and drug targets. Furthermore, the cross-talk of these pathways is investigated in the context of GBC and the implications thereof. A better understanding of the pathways involved in GBC pathogenesis will aid clinicians in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of patients. There are significant clinical implications of GBC pathway-based studies as they permit the understanding of onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baichan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa.
| | - P Naicker
- Department of Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J W S Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - M Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - G P Candy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - E Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
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15
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Jeng KS, Chang CF, Lin SS. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Organogenesis, Tumors, and Tumor Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030758. [PMID: 31979397 PMCID: PMC7037908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryonic development, primary cilia transduce and regulate several signaling pathways. Among the various pathways, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is one of the most significant. SHH signaling remains quiescent in adult mammalian tissues. However, in multiple adult tissues, it becomes active during differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. Moreover, aberrant activation of SHH signaling occurs in cancers of the skin, brain, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, colon, breast, lung, prostate, and hematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment or stroma could affect tumor development and metastasis. One hypothesis has been proposed, claiming that the pancreatic epithelia secretes SHH that is essential in establishing and regulating the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in promoting cancer progression. The SHH signaling pathway is also activated in the cancer stem cells (CSC) of several neoplasms. The self-renewal of CSC is regulated by the SHH/Smoothened receptor (SMO)/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog I (GLI) signaling pathway. Combined use of SHH signaling inhibitors and chemotherapy/radiation therapy/immunotherapy is therefore key in targeting CSCs.
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16
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Chang Y, Chen H, Duan J, Wu W, Le F, Mou F. The inhibitory effect and safety of GANT61 on HeLa cells in nude mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 113:104352. [PMID: 31809711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway effector Gli1 plays an important role in cervical cancer, and GANT61 is an Hh signaling inhibitor. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of GANT61 on cervical cancer and to study its safety in nude mice. We used in vivo experiments to assess the effect of GANT61 on the growth of cervical cancer HeLa cells, and we measured the WBC, HGB, PLT, ALT, AST and Cre levels in nude mice. Next, we examined the organ and tumor morphology and distant metastasis by HE staining. We used immunohistochemistry to monitor the expression levels of Gli1, FoxM1, Ki-67, cyclinD1, E-cadherin, vimentin, survivin, caspase-3 and CD34+. Western blotting and RT-RCR were used to measure Gli1 expression. GANT61 inhibited the growth and metastasis of HeLa cervical cancer cells upon their transplantation into nude mice, and we preliminarily propose that GANT61 is safe for nude mice. These findings suggest that GANT61 could be used as a Hedgehog inhibitor to inhibit EMT and proliferation and to promote apoptosis via Gli1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - Jie Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Wang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Fangshu Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Fen Mou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
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17
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Subbannayya T, Leal-Rojas P, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Korzinkin M, Babu N, Radhakrishnan A, Chavan S, Raja R, Pinto SM, Patil AH, Barbhuiya MA, Kumar P, Guerrero-Preston R, Navani S, Tiwari PK, Kumar RV, Prasad TSK, Roa JC, Pandey A, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Izumchenko E, Chatterjee A. PIM1 kinase promotes gallbladder cancer cell proliferation via inhibition of proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40). J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:163-177. [PMID: 30666556 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy, associated with poor disease prognosis with a 5-year survival of only 20%. This has been attributed to late presentation of the disease, lack of early diagnostic markers and limited efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Elucidation of molecular events in GBC can contribute to better management of the disease by aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets. To identify aberrantly activated signaling events in GBC, tandem mass tag-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of five GBC cell lines was carried out. Proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40) was one of the proteins found to be hyperphosphorylated in all the invasive GBC cell lines. Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical labeling of phospho-PRAS40 (T246) revealed moderate to strong staining in 77% of the primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma cases. Regulation of PRAS40 activity by inhibiting its upstream kinase PIM1 resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation, colony forming and invasive ability of GBC cells. Our results support the role of PRAS40 phosphorylation in GBC cell survival and aggressiveness. This study also elucidates phospho-PRAS40 as a clinical marker in GBC and the role of PIM1 as a therapeutic target in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) &Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mikhail Korzinkin
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aneesha Radhakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Sandip Chavan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Pramod K Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India.,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India. .,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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18
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Tian L, Deng Z, Xu L, Yang T, Yao W, Ji L, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang J. Downregulation of ASPP2 promotes gallbladder cancer metastasis and macrophage recruitment via aPKC-ι/GLI1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1115. [PMID: 30389910 PMCID: PMC6214900 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant bile duct cancer with poor prognosis due to early invasion and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms through which GBC cells interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of the tumor suppressor apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) in regulating GBC invasion and metastasis and macrophage recruitment. The clinicopathological significance of ASPP2 expression was measured by immunohistochemical analysis in 72 patients with GBC. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of ASPP2 was used to investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of ASPP2 in GBC cells. Our data showed that downregulation of ASPP2 in patients with GBC was linked to poor prognosis. Knockdown of ASPP2 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GBC cells and influenced the TME. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that ASPP2 affected the expression and protein binding between atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)-ι and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). ASPP2 also induced C−C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion by cancer cells, thereby promoting macrophage recruitment. The latter also induced EMT-like changes in GBC. Furthermore, ASPP2 deficiency regulated GLI1 transcriptional activity via the noncanonical Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and aPKC-ι/GLI1 signaling loop and promoted GLI1 nuclear localization and binding to the promoters of target genes. Our findings revealed that downregulation of ASPP2 promoted GBC invasion and metastasis through the aPKC-ι/GLI1 pathway and enhanced macrophage recruitment. Thus, ASPP2/aPKC-ι/GLI1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengdong Deng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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19
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Sato Y, Yamamura M, Sasaki M, Harada K. Blockade of Hedgehog Signaling Attenuates Biliary Cystogenesis in the Polycystic Kidney (PCK) Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2251-2263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Kawamoto M, Onishi H, Ozono K, Yamasaki A, Imaizumi A, Kamakura S, Nakano K, Oda Y, Sumimoto H, Nakamura M. Tropomyosin-related kinase B mediated signaling contributes to the induction of malignant phenotype of gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36211-36224. [PMID: 28423707 PMCID: PMC5482650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the clinical and biological significance of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling in gallbladder cancer (GBC) through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. TrkB expression was detected in 63 (91.3%) out of 69 surgically resected primary GBC specimens by immunohistochemistry. TrkB expression in the invasive front correlated with T factor (p=0.0391) and clinical staging (p=0.0391). Overall survival was lower in patients with high TrkB expression in the invasive front than in those with low TrkB expression (p=0.0363). In vitro experiment, we used five TrkB-expressing GBC cell lines with or without K-ras mutation. TrkB-mediated signaling increased proliferation and the invasiveness by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, and activating matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Inhibition of TrkB-mediated signaling also decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF-C, and VEGF-D expression. In vivo experiment, inhibition of TrkB-mediated signaling suppressed tumorigenicity and tumor growth in GBC. These findings demonstrate that TrkB-mediated signaling contributes to the induction of malignant phenotypes (proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumorigenesis) in GBC, and could be a promising therapeutic target regardless of K-ras mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keigo Ozono
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Yamasaki
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Shukoukai Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Ye X, Hong W, Hao B, Peng G, Huang L, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Zheng M, Li C, Liang C, Yi E, Pu J, Li B, Ran P. PM2.5 promotes human bronchial smooth muscle cell migration via the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Respir Res 2018; 19:37. [PMID: 29499705 PMCID: PMC5833105 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been well documented, with airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration playing a role in the remodeling process. Here, we aimed to verify the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human bronchial smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) migration and to explore the underlying signaling pathways. Methods HBSMC apoptosis, proliferation and migration were measured using flow cytometry, cell counting and transwell migration assays, respectively. The role of the hedgehog pathway in cell migration was assessed by western blotting to measure the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Snail. Furthermore, siRNA was used to knock down Gli1 or Snail expression. Results PM2.5 induced HBSMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, although certain concentrations of PM2.5 did not induce HBSMC proliferation or apoptosis. Interestingly, cell migration was stimulated by PM2.5 doses far below those that induced apoptosis. Additional experiments revealed that these PM2.5 doses enhanced the expression of Shh, Gli1 and Snail in HBSMCs. Furthermore, PM2.5-induced cell migration and protein expression were enhanced by recombinant Shh and attenuated by cyclopamine. Similar results were obtained by knocking down Gli1 or Snail. Conclusions These findings suggest that PM2.5, which may exert its effects through the Shh signaling pathway, is necessary for the migration of HBSMCs. These data define a novel role for PM2.5 in airway remodeling in COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0702-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Respiratory Department of the First Hospital of Yueyang City, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuxiang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Municipal Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erkang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Machado MV, Diehl AM. Hedgehog signalling in liver pathophysiology. J Hepatol 2018; 68:550-562. [PMID: 29107151 PMCID: PMC5957514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide despite recent successes in the field of viral hepatitis, because increases in alcohol consumption and obesity are fuelling an epidemic of chronic fatty liver disease for which there are currently no effective medical therapies. About 20% of individuals with chronic liver injury ultimately develop end-stage liver disease due to cirrhosis. Hence, treatments to prevent and reverse cirrhosis in individuals with ongoing liver injury are desperately needed. The development of successful treatments requires an improved understanding of the mechanisms controlling liver disease progression. The liver responds to diverse insults with a conserved wound healing response, suggesting that it might be generally beneficial to optimise pathways that are crucial for effective liver repair. The Hedgehog pathway has emerged as a potential target based on compelling preclinical and clinical data, which demonstrate that it critically regulates the liver's response to injury. Herein, we will summarise evidence of the Hedgehog pathway's role in liver disease and discuss how modulating pathway activity might be applied to improve liver disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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23
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Old Sonic Hedgehog, new tricks: a new paradigm in thoracic malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14680-14691. [PMID: 29581874 PMCID: PMC5865700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is physiologically involved during embryogenesis, but is also activated in several diseases, including solid cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Shh pathway is involved in oncogenesis, tumor progression and chemoresistance in lung cancer and mesothelioma. The Shh pathway is also closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Recent findings have revealed that a small proportion of lung cancer cells expressed an abnormal full-length Shh protein, associated with cancer stem cell features. In this paper, we review the role of the Shh pathway in thoracic cancers (small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and mesothelioma) and discuss the new perspectives of cancer research highlighted by the recent data of the literature.
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24
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Timoshenko OS, Gureeva TA, Kugaevskaya EV, Zavalishina LE, Solovyeva NI. [Interstitial collagenase and their endogenous regulators in squamous cell cervical carcinoma]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 63:513-519. [PMID: 29251612 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) belongs to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which play a key role in generalization processes of invasion and metastasis, which determine the degree of tumor malignancy. MMP-1 refers to secreted, inducible MMP, the expression of which in normal tissues is not defined. Induction of expression of MMP in CSS in the tumor occurs under the action of oncogenes of HPV, and in areas adjacent to the tumor normal tissue under the action of the inductor expression of MMP - EMMPRIN (CD147), which expressively on the surface of tumor cells. The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of expression ofMMP-1 and its regulators (tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and activator - plasminogen activator - ADF) in morphologically normal body of the uterus during CSS. The study was carried out using on a tissue "tape" - postoperative specimens of the uterus when the diagnosis of CSS. All of the samples was expressed HPV16 gene E7. It was shown that: 1. The increase of MMP-1 expression, low expression (or lack thereof) of its inhibitors TIMP-1 and a very clear expression of the activator take place in the tumor when CSS that lead to increased activity of MMP-1, and aims to increase the destructive (invasive) potential of the tumor. 2. In morphologically normal tissue of the uterus during CSS the expression of MMP-1 can occur from the vaginal wall to the bottom of the uterine cavity, but at a much lower level than in the tumor. 3. These data indicate the possibility of development of a destructive process in morphologically normalnyh body tissues of the uterus during CSS, important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression, and suggest participation in the process of expression of MMP-1 signaling by the type of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T A Gureeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gallbladder cancer: from clinical evidence to cellular regulatory networks. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17069. [PMID: 29188076 PMCID: PMC5702855 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), with late diagnosis, rapid disease progression and early metastasis, is a highly aggressive malignant tumor found worldwide. Patients with GBC have poor survival, low curative resection rates and early recurrence. For such a lethal tumor, uncovering the mechanisms and exploring new strategies to prevent tumor progression and metastasis are critically important. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a prominent role in the early steps of tumor progression and metastasis by initiating polarized epithelial cell transition into motile mesenchymal cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that EMT can be modulated by the cooperation of multiple mechanisms affecting common targets. Signaling pathways, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation and epigenetic alterations are involved in the stepwise EMT regulatory network in GBC. Loss of epithelial markers, acquisition of mesenchymal markers and dysregulation of EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs) have been observed and are associated with the clinicopathology and prognosis of GBC patients. Therefore, EMT may be a detectable and predictable event for predicting GBC progression and metastasis in the clinic. In this review, we will provide an overview of EMT from the clinical evidence to cellular regulatory networks that have been studied thus far in clinical and basic GBC studies.
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26
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Ding M, Wang X. Antagonism between Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways regulates tumorigenicity. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6327-6333. [PMID: 29391876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk of multiple cellular signaling pathways is crucial in animal development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation may result in tumor formation and metastasis. The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signaling pathways are both considered to be essential regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation and oncogenesis. Recent studies have indicated that the Hh and Wnt signaling pathways are closely associated and involved in regulating embryogenesis and cellular differentiation. Hh signaling acts upstream of the Wnt signaling pathway, and negative regulates Wnt activity via secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway downregulates Hh activity through glioma-associated oncogene homolog 3 transcriptional regulation. This evidence suggests that the imbalance of Hh and Wnt regulation serves a crucial role in cancer-associated processes. The activation of SFRP1, which inhibits Wnt, has been demonstrated to be an important cross-point between the two signaling pathways. The present study reviews the complex interaction between the Hh and Wnt signaling pathways in embryogenesis and tumorigenicity, and the role of SFRP1 as an important mediator associated with the dysregulation of the Hh and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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27
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Valle JW, Lamarca A, Goyal L, Barriuso J, Zhu AX, Knittel G, Leeser U, van Oers J, Edelmann W, Heukamp LC, Reinhardt HC. New Horizons for Precision Medicine in Biliary Tract Cancers. Cancer Discov 2017. [PMID: 28818953 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTC), including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, are poor-prognosis and low-incidence cancers, although the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising. A minority of patients present with resectable disease but relapse rates are high; benefit from adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy has been demonstrated. Cisplatin/gemcitabine combination chemotherapy has emerged as the reference first-line treatment regimen; there is no standard second-line therapy. Selected patients may be suitable for liver-directed therapy (e.g., radioembolization or external beam radiation), pending confirmation of benefit in randomized studies. Initial trials targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor and angiogenesis pathways have failed to deliver new treatments. Emerging data from next-generation sequencing analyses have identified actionable mutations (e.g., FGFR fusion rearrangements and IDH1 and IDH2 mutations), with several targeted drugs entering clinical development with encouraging results. The role of systemic therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy for BTC, is rapidly evolving and is the subject of this review.Significance: The authors address genetic drivers and molecular biology from a translational perspective, in an intent to offer a clear view of the recent past, present, and future of BTC. The review describes a state-of-the-art update of the current status and future directions of research and therapy in advanced BTC. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 943-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK. .,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Medical, Biological and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Rumford Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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28
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Valle JW, Lamarca A, Goyal L, Barriuso J, Zhu AX. New Horizons for Precision Medicine in Biliary Tract Cancers. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:943-962. [PMID: 28818953 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTC), including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, are poor-prognosis and low-incidence cancers, although the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising. A minority of patients present with resectable disease but relapse rates are high; benefit from adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy has been demonstrated. Cisplatin/gemcitabine combination chemotherapy has emerged as the reference first-line treatment regimen; there is no standard second-line therapy. Selected patients may be suitable for liver-directed therapy (e.g., radioembolization or external beam radiation), pending confirmation of benefit in randomized studies. Initial trials targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor and angiogenesis pathways have failed to deliver new treatments. Emerging data from next-generation sequencing analyses have identified actionable mutations (e.g., FGFR fusion rearrangements and IDH1 and IDH2 mutations), with several targeted drugs entering clinical development with encouraging results. The role of systemic therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy for BTC, is rapidly evolving and is the subject of this review.Significance: The authors address genetic drivers and molecular biology from a translational perspective, in an intent to offer a clear view of the recent past, present, and future of BTC. The review describes a state-of-the-art update of the current status and future directions of research and therapy in advanced BTC. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 943-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK. .,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Medical, Biological and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Rumford Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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29
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Sharma A, Sharma KL, Gupta A, Yadav A, Kumar A. Gallbladder cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics: Recent update. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3978-3998. [PMID: 28652652 PMCID: PMC5473118 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a malignancy of biliary tract which is infrequent in developed countries but common in some specific geographical regions of developing countries. Late diagnosis and deprived prognosis are major problems for treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. The dramatic associations of this orphan cancer with various genetic and environmental factors are responsible for its poorly defined pathogenesis. An understanding to the relationship between epidemiology, molecular genetics and pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer can add new insights to its undetermined pathophysiology. Present review article provides a recent update regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics of gallbladder cancer. We systematically reviewed published literature on gallbladder cancer from online search engine PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Various keywords used for retrieval of articles were Gallbladder, cancer Epidemiology, molecular genetics and bullion operators like AND, OR, NOT. Cross references were manually searched from various online search engines (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed,https://scholar.google.co.in/, http://www.medline.com/home.jsp). Most of the articles published from 1982 to 2015 in peer reviewed journals have been included in this review.
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30
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Mayr C, Ocker M, Ritter M, Pichler M, Neureiter D, Kiesslich T. Biliary tract cancer stem cells - translational options and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2470-2482. [PMID: 28465631 PMCID: PMC5394510 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of biliary tract cancer remains challenging. Tumors show high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance, leading to dismal prognosis and short survival. The cancer stem cell model states that a tumor is a heterogeneous conglomerate of cells, in which a certain subpopulation of cells - the cancer stem cells - possesses stem cell properties. Cancer stem cells have high clinical relevance due to their potential contributions to development, progression and aggressiveness as well as recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. Consequently, reliable identification of as well as pharmacological intervention with cancer stem cells is an intensively investigated and promising research field. The involvement of cancer stem cells in biliary tract cancer is likely as a number of studies demonstrated their existence and the obvious clinical relevance of several established cancer stem cell markers in biliary tract cancer models and tissues. In the present article, we review and discuss the currently available literature addressing the role of putative cancer stem cells in biliary tract cancer as well as the connection between known contributors of biliary tract tumorigenesis such as oncogenic signaling pathways, micro-RNAs and the tumor microenvironment with cancer stem cells.
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Khandelwal A, Malhotra A, Jain M, Vasquez KM, Jain A. The emerging role of long non-coding RNA in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. Biochimie 2016; 132:152-160. [PMID: 27894946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common and aggressive form of biliary tract carcinoma with an alarmingly low 5-year survival rate. Despite its high mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms of GBC pathogenesis are not completely understood. Recently, from a growing volume of literature, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and appear to play vital roles in many human cancers. To date, a number of lncRNAs have been implicated in GBC, but their potential roles in GBC have not been systematically examined. Thus, in this review, we critically discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in GBC, and the pathways involved. Specifically, we note that some lncRNAs show greater expression in T1 and T2 tumor stages compared to T3 and T4 tumor stages and that their dysregulation leads to alterations in cell cycle progression and can cause an increase in GBC cell proliferation or apoptosis. In addition, some lncRNAs control the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, while others take part in the regulation of ERK/MAPK and Ras cancer-associated signaling pathways. We also present their potential utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of GBC. The overall goal of this review is to stimulate interest in the role of lncRNAs in GBC, which may open new avenues in the determination of GBC pathogenesis and may lead to the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Khandelwal
- Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India; Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Akshay Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Weber H, Leal P, Stein S, Kunkel H, García P, Bizama C, Espinoza JA, Riquelme I, Nervi B, Araya JC, Grez M, Roa JC. Rapamycin and WYE-354 suppress human gallbladder cancer xenografts in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31877-88. [PMID: 26397134 PMCID: PMC4741647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by a poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and WYE-354. In vitro assays showed WYE-354 significantly reduced cell viability, migration and invasion and phospho-P70S6K expression in GBC cells. Mice harboring subcutaneous gallbladder tumors, treated with WYE-354 or rapamycin, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor mass. A short-term treatment with a higher dose of WYE-354 decreased the tumor size by 68.6% and 52.4%, in mice harboring G-415 or TGBC-2TKB tumors, respectively, compared to the control group. By contrast, treatment with a prolonged-low-dose regime of rapamycin almost abrogated tumor growth, exhibiting 92.7% and 97.1% reduction in tumor size, respectively, compared to control mice. These results were accompanied by a greater decrease in the phosphorylation status of P70S6K and a lower cell proliferation Ki67 index, compared to WYE-354 treated mice, suggesting a more effective mTOR pathway inhibition. These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of rapamycin or WYE-354 as potentially good candidates to be studied in clinical trials in GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stefan Stein
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hana Kunkel
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, UC-Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Araya
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel Grez
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zheng W, Lu S, Cai H, Kang M, Qin W, Li C, Wu Y. Deguelin inhibits proliferation and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro targeting hedgehog pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2761-2765. [PMID: 27698853 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective therapies. Deguelin, a natural compound of the flavonoid family of products, has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on various cancers. In the present study, we investigated whether deguelin had antitumor efficacy in PC. Deguelin treatment was observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in two PC cell lines (Bxpc-3 and Panc-1). In addition, it inhibited migration and invasion in these two cell lines. The activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, was suppressed by deguelin. These results suggest that deguelin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for PC, possibly through the suppression of the Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shiliu Lu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Muxing Kang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Qin
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Turner MW, Cruz R, Mattos J, Baughman N, Elwell J, Fothergill J, Nielsen A, Brookhouse J, Bartlett A, Malek P, Pu X, King MD, McDougal OM. Cyclopamine bioactivity by extraction method from Veratrum californicum. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3752-7. [PMID: 27338657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Veratrum californicum, commonly referred to as corn lily or Californian false hellebore, grows in high mountain meadows and produces the steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine, a potent inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The Hh pathway is a crucial regulator of many fundamental processes during vertebrate embryonic development. However, constitutive activation of the Hh pathway contributes to the progression of various cancers. In the present study, a direct correlation was made between the extraction efficiency for cyclopamine from root and rhizome by eight methods, and the associated biological activity in Shh-Light II cells using the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System. Alkaloid recovery ranged from 0.39 to 8.03mg/g, with ethanol soak being determined to be the superior method for obtaining biologically active cyclopamine. Acidic ethanol and supercritical extractions yielded degraded or contaminated cyclopamine with lower antagonistic activity towards Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Roberto Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Jared Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Nic Baughman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Jordan Elwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Jenny Fothergill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Anna Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Jessica Brookhouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Ashton Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Petr Malek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Owen M McDougal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
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Subbannayya T, Leal-Rojas P, Barbhuiya MA, Raja R, Renuse S, Sathe G, Pinto SM, Syed N, Nanjappa V, Patil AH, Garcia P, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Nair B, Guerrero-Preston R, Navani S, Tiwari PK, Santosh V, Sidransky D, Prasad TSK, Gowda H, Roa JC, Pandey A, Chatterjee A. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - a therapeutic target in gallbladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:843. [PMID: 26530123 PMCID: PMC4632274 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor prognosis in gallbladder cancer is due to late presentation of the disease, lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and limited targeted therapies. Early diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets can significantly improve clinical management of gallbladder cancer. Methods Proteomic analysis of four gallbladder cancer cell lines based on the invasive property (non-invasive to highly invasive) was carried out using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling-based quantitative proteomic approach. The expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor was analysed in gallbladder adenocarcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry. In vitro cellular assays were carried out in a panel of gallbladder cancer cell lines using MIF inhibitors, ISO-1 and 4-IPP or its specific siRNA. Results The quantitative proteomic experiment led to the identification of 3,653 proteins, among which 654 were found to be overexpressed and 387 were downregulated in the invasive cell lines (OCUG-1, NOZ and GB-d1) compared to the non-invasive cell line, TGBC24TKB. Among these, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was observed to be highly overexpressed in two of the invasive cell lines. MIF is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that plays a causative role in multiple diseases, including cancer. MIF has been reported to play a central role in tumor cell proliferation and invasion in several cancers. Immunohistochemical labeling of tumor tissue microarrays for MIF expression revealed that it was overexpressed in 21 of 29 gallbladder adenocarcinoma cases. Silencing/inhibition of MIF using siRNA and/or MIF antagonists resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, colony forming ability and invasive property of the gallbladder cancer cells. Conclusions Our findings support the role of MIF in tumor aggressiveness and suggest its potential application as a therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1855-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690525, India.
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Adrienne Helis Malvin Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA.
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690525, India.
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Nazia Syed
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Vishalakshi Nanjappa
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690525, India.
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Patricia Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), CITO, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690525, India.
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | | | - Pramod K Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India. .,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690525, India. .,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India. .,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), CITO, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Departments of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, India. .,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Chang L, Zhao D, Liu HB, Wang QS, Zhang P, Li CL, Du WZ, Wang HJ, Liu X, Zhang ZR, Jiang CL. Activation of sonic hedgehog signaling enhances cell migration and invasion by induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT signaling pathway in glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6702-10. [PMID: 26299938 PMCID: PMC4626128 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hedgehog signaling contributes to the development of various malignancies, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, the potential mechanism of hedgehog signaling in GBM migration and invasion has remained to be elucidated. The present study showed that enhanced hedgehog signaling by recombinant human sonic hedgehog N-terminal peptide (rhSHH) promoted the adhesion, invasion and migration of GBM cells, accompanied by increases in mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. However, inhibition of hedgehog signaling with cyclopamine suppressed the adhesion, invasion and migration of GBM cells, accompanied by decreases in mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and -9. Furthermore, it was found that MMP-2- and MMP-9-neutralizing antibodies or GAM6001 reversed the inductive effects of rhSHH on cell migration and invasion. In addition, enhanced hedgehog signaling by rhSHH increased AKT phosphorylation, whereas blockade of hedgehog signaling decreased AKT phosphorylations. Further experiments showed that LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), decreased rhSHH-induced upregulation of MMP-2 and -9. Finally, the protein expression of glioblastoma-associated oncogene 1 was positively correlated with levels of phosphorylated AKT as well as protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9 in GBM tissue samples. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the hedgehog pathway regulates GBM-cell migration and invasion by increasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 production via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Lv W, Lu J, Mu J, Liu Y, Dong P. Long non-coding RNA Linc-ITGB1 knockdown inhibits cell migration and invasion in GBC-SD/M and GBC-SD gallbladder cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1064-71. [PMID: 25893892 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low 5-year survival rate. Despite advances in the molecular understanding of the initiation and progression in gallbladder cancer, treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in advanced cases did not yield promising outcomes. Therefore, it is of great importance to uncover new mechanism underlying gallbladder cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we identified a differentially expressed long intergenic non-coding RNA, linc-ITGB1, in a pair of higher and lower metastatic gallbladder cancer cell sublines. Then, the potential role of linc-ITGB1 in gallbladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was explored using a lentivirus-mediated RNA interference system. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of linc-ITGB1 significantly inhibited gallbladder cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were reduced by over twofold in linc-ITGB1 knockdown cells probably due to upregulation of β-catenin and downregulation of vimentin, slug, and TCF8. In conclusion, linc-ITGB1 potentially promoted gallbladder cancer invasion and metastasis by accelerating the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the application of RNA interference targeting linc-ITGB1 might be a potential form of gallbladder cancer treatment in advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenjie Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Chen S, Zhang M, Xing L, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu Y. HIF-1α contributes to proliferation and invasiveness of neuroblastoma cells via SHH signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121115. [PMID: 25811359 PMCID: PMC4374675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma (NB) cells and the mechanisms involved. We here initially used the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the expression of HIF-1α and components of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in NB cells and human specimens. Subsequently, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed using the cell counting assay, wound healing assay and Transwell system in two types of human NB cell lines, SH-SY5Y and IMR32. In addition, the role of HIF-1α in NB cells growth was determined in a xenograft nude mouse model. We found that the level of HIF-1α was significantly upregulated during NB progression and was associated with the expression of two components of SHH signaling, SHH and GLI1. We next indicated that the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of SH-SY5Y and IMR32 cells were significantly inhibited by HIF-1α knockdown, which was mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting against its mRNA. Furthermore, the growth of NB cells in vivo was also suppressed by HIF-1α inhibition. Finally, the pro-migration and proliferative effects of HIF-1α could be reversed by disrupting SHH signaling. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that upregulation of HIF-1α in NB promotes proliferation, migration and invasiveness via SHH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Bizama C, García P, Espinoza JA, Weber H, Leal P, Nervi B, Roa JC. Targeting specific molecular pathways holds promise for advanced gallbladder cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:222-34. [PMID: 25639632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. The complete surgical resection is the only potentially curative approach in early stage; however, most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages and the response to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is extremely limited, with modest impact in overall survival. The recent progress in understanding the molecular alterations of gallbladder cancer has shown great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. This has mainly resulted from the identification of molecular alterations in relevant intracellular signaling pathways-Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, ErbB, MAPK and angiogenesis-which are potential tailored targets for gallbladder cancer patients. This review discusses the recent remarkable progress in understanding the molecular alterations that represent novel prognosis molecular markers and therapeutic targets for gallbladder cancer, which will provide opportunities for research and for developing innovative strategies that may enhance the benefit of conventional chemotherapy, or eventually modify the fatal natural history of this orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 26767000, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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Rui Z, Li-Ying P, Jia-Fei Q, Ying-Ying H, Feng C, Tie-Jun L. Smoothened gene alterations in keratocystic odontogenic tumors. Head Face Med 2014; 10:36. [PMID: 25189937 PMCID: PMC4166020 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been widely demonstrated that the hedgehog pathway is strongly associated with basal cell carcinoma of the skin (NBCCS). To assess potential DNA alterations related to keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs), we sequenced smoothened (SMO) genes in 12 sporadic KCOTs. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), capillary electrophoresis and dideoxy chain-termination sequencing were used to examine potential DNA alterations in sporadic KCOTs. Results Five alterations in SMO genes were detected. Four of these mutations consisted of two synonymous and three missense mutations; two of which have not been reported to date (c.T776A, c.T1281G). Conclusions SMO genes may play an important role in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and could also be responsible for generating KCOTs and NBCCS. However, their influence on SHH signaling remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chen Feng
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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Fu X, Shi L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Peng Y, Chen X, Tang C, Li X, Zhou X. Expression of Indian hedgehog is negatively correlated with APC gene mutation in colorectal tumors. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:2150-2155. [PMID: 25232400 PMCID: PMC4161560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of Indian hedgehog (IHH) in colorectal carcinogenesis has not been elucidated. In the current study, the expression of IHH were investigated in 7 digestive tract cancer cell lines, and in 10 normal colorectal mucosas (NCs), 30 hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 35 colorectal adenomas (ADs), and 40 colorectal adenocarcinomas (CAs) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, the mutational status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin in these tumors were analyzed by direct sequencing. IHH mRNA was lost in the 4 colon cancer cell lines harboring APC mutation. IHH mRNA was significantly decreased in CAs (0.17 ± 0.22), compared with that in ADs (0.38 ± 0.35) and HPs (0.56 ± 0.38, P < 0.05). IHH protein was expressed at a very low level or absent in both ADs (7.51 ± 11.92) and CAs (5.15 ± 9.21) in comparison to that in HPs (19.47 ± 17.91) and NCs (42.40 ± 13.67, P < 0.05). Moreover, APC mutations were negatively correlated with IHH mRNA expression (Spearman's R = -0.636, P < 0.01) and IHH protein expression (Spearman's R = -0.426, P < 0.01). In conclusion, down-regulation of IHH expression might be an early event during the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. The activation of Wnt signaling by APC mutation might contribute to the down-regulation or loss of IHH expression in colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chuankang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Sichuan 646000, China
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