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Wang X, Zhang H, Chen L, Xu J, Qu P. A novel method for colposcopic shunting in HPV-positive women: Quantitative detection of HPV E7 oncoprotein. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25238. [PMID: 38420415 PMCID: PMC10900405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical application potential of quantitatively detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein in HPV-positive women, with the goal of detecting potential high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer improving the accuracy of colposcopic shunting in these patients.HPV-positive women (N = 611) were selected for quantitatively detecting HPV E7 protein levels by magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay before colposcopy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed (n = 400) to determine diagnostic detection thresholds for HPV E7 oncoprotein. ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) and Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA analysis were also performed (n = 211). The diagnostic performance of these three diagnostic methods in detecting HSIL and cervical cancer was compared with the gold standard of pathological diagnosis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.724. The diagnostic detection threshold of HPV E7 oncoprotein was ≥10.88 ng/mL. The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Youden index of HPV E7 oncoprotein for the identification of HSIL and cervical cancer were 78.7 %, 77.9 %, 72.2 %, 83.3 %, and 56.6 %, respectively, which were higher than those of TCT and HPV E6/E7 mRNA.The results indicate that quantitative detection of HPV E7 oncoprotein can effectively shunt HPV-positive women and reduce unnecessary colposcopy and biopsy. It can detect potential HSIL and cervical cancer in a timely manner and prevent high-risk patients from missing diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- Department of Outpatient office, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China
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Javorsky A, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M. Viral manipulation of cell polarity signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119536. [PMID: 37437846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of biomacromolecules that enable the correct orientation of a cell in a particular direction. It is thus an essential component for appropriate tissue development and function. Viral infections can lead to dysregulation of polarity. This is associated with a poor prognosis due to viral interference with core cell polarity regulatory scaffolding proteins that often feature PDZ (PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1) domains including Scrib, Dlg, Pals1, PatJ, Par3 and Par6. PDZ domains are also promiscuous, binding to several different partners through their C-terminal region which contain PDZ-binding motifs (PBM). Numerous viruses encode viral effector proteins that target cell polarity regulators for their benefit and include papillomaviruses, flaviviruses and coronaviruses. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action utilised by viral effector proteins to subvert host cell polarity sigalling will provide avenues for future therapeutic intervention, while at the same time enhance our understanding of cell polarity regulation and its role tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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3
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Wang X, Shuai G, Xu J, Liu M, Zhao J, Zhang N, Zhang W, Qu P. HPV16 E7 oncoprotein test as a triage strategy for HPV16-positive women in cervical cancer screening: long-term follow-up outcome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1221962. [PMID: 37795449 PMCID: PMC10546426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1221962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colposcopy is recommended once human papillomavirus (HPV)16/18 infection is detected. However, not all HPV16/18-positive women will necessarily develop cervical lesions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the application of quantitative HPV16 E7 oncoprotein detection as a cervical cancer screening method for more efficient screening while minimizing unnecessary colposcopy. Methods E7 oncoprotein (HPV16) was quantitatively detected in cervical exfoliated cells of HPV16-positive women. The levels of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in different degrees of cervical lesions were compared, and the optimal cut-off value for identifying HSIL+ was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. With a pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa value were calculated to verify the diagnostic value of the method. Women diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and normal women were followed up for 5 years to evaluate the predictive value of HPV16 E7 protein for disease progression/persistent infection. Results The expression level of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein was positively correlated with the degree of the cervical lesion (r = 0.589, P < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.817 (confidence interval: 0.729-0.904). The cut-off value of E7 oncoprotein for identifying HSIL+ was 8.68 ng/ml. The SEN, SPE, PPV, NPV, and Kappa values of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein for the identification of HSIL+ were 87.1%,70.0%, 87.1%, 70.0%, and 0.571, respectively, which were higher than those of ThinPrep cytology test (TCT). The SEN, SPE, PPV, and NPV of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in predicting disease progression/persistent infection were 93.75%, 91.30%, 88.24%, and 95.45%, respectively. Conclusion The quantitative detection of HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein can not only accurately screen cervical lesions but also achieve efficient colposcopy referral. Additionally, HPV16 E7 oncoprotein can accurately predict the progression of cervical lesions and persistent HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangnan Shuai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
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Tahti EF, Blount JM, Jackson SN, Gao M, Gill NP, Smith SN, Pederson NJ, Rumph SN, Struyvenberg SA, Mackley IGP, Madden DR, Amacher JF. Additive energetic contributions of multiple peptide positions determine the relative promiscuity of viral and human sequences for PDZ domain targets. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4611. [PMID: 36851847 PMCID: PMC10022582 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions that involve recognition of short peptides are critical in cellular processes. Protein-peptide interaction surface areas are relatively small and shallow, and there are often overlapping specificities in families of peptide-binding domains. Therefore, dissecting selectivity determinants can be challenging. PDZ domains are a family of peptide-binding domains located in several intracellular signaling and trafficking pathways. These domains are also directly targeted by pathogens, and a hallmark of many oncogenic viral proteins is a PDZ-binding motif. However, amidst sequences that target PDZ domains, there is a wide spectrum in relative promiscuity. For example, the viral HPV16 E6 oncoprotein recognizes over double the number of PDZ domain-containing proteins as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the cell, despite similar PDZ targeting-sequences and identical motif residues. Here, we determine binding affinities for PDZ domains known to bind either HPV16 E6 alone or both CFTR and HPV16 E6, using peptides matching WT and hybrid sequences. We also use energy minimization to model PDZ-peptide complexes and use sequence analyses to investigate this difference. We find that while the majority of single mutations had marginal effects on overall affinity, the additive effect on the free energy of binding accurately describes the selectivity observed. Taken together, our results describe how complex and differing PDZ interactomes can be programmed in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Tahti
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Jadon M. Blount
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Sophie N. Jackson
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Melody Gao
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Nicholas P. Gill
- Department of BiochemistryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Sarah N. Smith
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Nick J. Pederson
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Iain G. P. Mackley
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Dean R. Madden
- Department of BiochemistryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Jeanine F. Amacher
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
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5
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Viral subversion of the cell polarity regulator Scribble. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:415-426. [PMID: 36606695 PMCID: PMC9987997 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Scribble is a scaffolding protein that regulates key events such as cell polarity, tumorigenesis and neuronal signalling. Scribble belongs to the LAP family which comprise of 16 Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) at the N-terminus, two LAP Specific Domains (LAPSD) and four PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains at the C-terminus. The four PDZ domains have been shown to be key for a range of protein-protein interactions and have been identified to be crucial mediators for the vast majority of Scribble interactions, particularly via PDZ Binding Motifs (PBMs) often found at the C-terminus of interacting proteins. Dysregulation of Scribble is associated with poor prognosis in viral infections due to subversion of multiple cell signalling pathways by viral effector proteins. Here, we review the molecular details of the interplay between Scribble and viral effector proteins that provide insight into the potential modes of regulation of Scribble mediated polarity signalling.
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Chen R, Zhang R, Zhang M, Liu S, Xie M, Yang Z, Shi Q, Chen H, Xiong H, Wang N, Jiang Q. CIN grades possessing different HPV RNA location patterns and RNAscope is helpful tool for distinguishing squamous intraepithelial lesions in difficult cervical cases. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 36797728 PMCID: PMC9933306 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise grading and characterization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been the focus of pathologists for a long time. This study aimed to explore known strategies for the grading of CINs. METHODS After routine H&E review, 85 lesions graded CIN 1, 2, or 3 were investigated primarily by HPV RNAscope to detect HR-HPV and LR-HPV, in combination with an HPV-DNA test and P16/Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the 85 cases were divided into a control group (49 cases) and a test group (36 cases). The former consisted of cases with consistency between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We used them to evaluate HPV RNA distribution patterns in CINs of different grades. The latter were ambiguous cases in which pathologists could not confirm the diagnosis because of inconsistencies between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We reassessed them by comparison to the pattern in the control group. RESULTS The expression patterns of HPV mRNA signals were different in different CIN lesions. LSIL/CIN1 lesions were mostly expressed in superficial epithelium with diffuse clustered nuclear or cytoplasmic staining; HSIL/CIN2 were characterised by nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate or diffuse cluster nuclear staining in the mid-surface layer, and scattered nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate staining in basal and parabasal cells; whereas HSIL/CIN3 showed full-thickness nucleus/cytoplasmic scattered staining with a punctate pattern. According to the staining pattern, we corrected the diagnosis of 22 cases (22/36, 61.1%). CONCLUSION Because of its distinct location pattern, HPV RNAscope has obvious advantages over the HPV-DNA test, and combined with P16/Ki67 IHC, it can help pathologists correctly grade CIN. In addition, it can effectively discriminate true CIN from normal or CIN mimic lesions, such as immature squamous metaplasia, atrophy, and inflammatory/reactive changes. Therefore, HPV RNAscope is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic test to avoid the overtreatment and undertreatment of CIN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renchao Zhang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Pathology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital (Guang Ming), Shenzhen, China
| | - Minfen Zhang
- grid.508008.50000 0004 4910 8370Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Xie
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfeng Yang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Shi
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women And Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhen Xiong
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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An in vitro carcinogenesis model for cervical cancer harboring episomal form of HPV16. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281069. [PMID: 36763589 PMCID: PMC9916646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of viral E6 and E7 genes often caused by viral genome integration of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) into host DNA and additional host genetic alterations are thought to be required for the development of cervical cancer. However, approximately 15% of invasive cervical cancer specimens contain only episomal HPV genomes. In this study, we investigated the tumorigenic potential of human cervical keratinocytes harboring only the episomal form of HPV16 (HCK1T/16epi). We found that the HPV16 episomal form is sufficient for promoting cell proliferation and colony formation of parental HCK1T cells. Ectopic expression of host oncogenes, MYC and PIK3CAE545K, enhanced clonogenic growth of both early- and late-passage HCK1T/16epi cells, but conferred tumor-initiating ability only to late-passage HCK1T/16epi cells. Interestingly, the expression levels of E6 and E7 were rather lower in late-passage than in early-passage cells. Moreover, additional introduction of a constitutively active MEK1 (MEK1DD) and/or KRASG12V into HCK1T/16epi cells resulted in generation of highly potent tumor-initiating cells. Thus an in vitro model for progression of cervical neoplasia with episomal HPV16 was established. In the model, constitutively active mutation of PIK3CA, PIK3CAE545K, and overexpression of MYC, in the cells with episomal HPV16 genome were not sufficient, but an additional event such as activation of the RAS-MEK pathway was required for progression to tumorigenicity.
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Tahti EF, Blount JM, Jackson SN, Gao M, Gill NP, Smith SN, Pederson NJ, Rumph SN, Struyvenberg SA, Mackley IGP, Madden DR, Amacher JF. Additive energetic contributions of multiple peptide positions determine the relative promiscuity of viral and human sequences for PDZ domain targets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.12.31.522388. [PMID: 36711692 PMCID: PMC9881875 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.31.522388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions that include recognition of short sequences of amino acids, or peptides, are critical in cellular processes. Protein-peptide interaction surface areas are relatively small and shallow, and there are often overlapping specificities in families of peptide-binding domains. Therefore, dissecting selectivity determinants can be challenging. PDZ domains are an example of a peptide-binding domain located in several intracellular signaling and trafficking pathways, which form interactions critical for the regulation of receptor endocytic trafficking, tight junction formation, organization of supramolecular complexes in neurons, and other biological systems. These domains are also directly targeted by pathogens, and a hallmark of many oncogenic viral proteins is a PDZ-binding motif. However, amidst sequences that target PDZ domains, there is a wide spectrum in relative promiscuity. For example, the viral HPV16 E6 oncoprotein recognizes over double the number of PDZ domain-containing proteins as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the cell, despite similar PDZ targeting-sequences and identical motif residues. Here, we determine binding affinities for PDZ domains known to bind either HPV16 E6 alone or both CFTR and HPV16 E6, using peptides matching WT and hybrid sequences. We also use energy minimization to model PDZ-peptide complexes and use sequence analyses to investigate this difference. We find that while the majority of single mutations had a marginal effect on overall affinity, the additive effect on the free energy of binding accurately describes the selectivity observed. Taken together, our results describe how complex and differing PDZ interactomes can be programmed in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Tahti
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Jadon M. Blount
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Sophie N. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Melody Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Nick J. Pederson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Simone N. Rumph
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | | | - Iain G. P. Mackley
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Dean R. Madden
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jeanine F. Amacher
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
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Stuqui B, Provazzi PJS, Lima MLD, Cabral ÁS, Leonel ECR, Candido NM, Taboga SR, da Silva MG, Lima FDO, Melli PPDS, Quintana SM, Calmon MDF, Rahal P. Condyloma acuminata: An evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284296. [PMID: 37053156 PMCID: PMC10101375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a benign proliferative disease mainly affecting in non-keratinized epithelia. Most cases of CA are caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 6 and 11. The aim of the current study was to highlight the candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals who did not spontaneously eliminate the virus and, thus, develop genital warts. Paraffin-embedded condyloma samples (n = 56) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, FOXP3, CD3, CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ. The immunomarkers were chosen based on the evaluation of the innate and adaptive immune pathways using qPCR analysis of 92 immune-related genes, applying a TaqMan Array Immune Response assay in HPV 6 or HPV 11 positive samples (n = 27). Gene expression analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed genes in CA lesions. Gene expression validation revealed upregulation of GZMB, IFNG, IL12B, and IL8 and downregulation of NFATC4 and IL7 in CA samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased FOXP3, IFN-γ, CD1a, and CD4 expression in CA than in the control tissue samples. In contrast, CD3 and CD8 expression was decreased in CA lesion samples. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative patients seem to reflect the elevated immunogenicity of HPV-positive CA lesions. Host defense against HPV begins during the early stages of the innate immune response and is followed by activation of T lymphocytes, which are mainly represented by CD4+ and regulatory T cells. The low CD8+ T cell count in CA may contribute to this recurrent behavior. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of host defense against HPV infection in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stuqui
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Maria Candido
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirāo Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration of TP53 Tumour Suppressor Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:875208. [PMID: 35620479 PMCID: PMC9127998 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.875208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a Human Papilloma virus-related disease, which is on the rise in a number of countries, globally. Two essential oncogenes, E6 and E7, drive cell transformation and cancer development. These two oncoproteins target two of the most important tumour suppressors, p53 and pRB, for degradation through the ubiquitin ligase pathway, thus, blocking apoptosis activation and deregulation of cell cycle. This pathway can be exploited for anticancer therapeutic interventions, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (HIV-PIs) have attracted a lot of attention for this anticancer drug development. HIV-PIs have proven effective in treating HPV-positive cervical cancers and shown to restore impaired or deregulated p53 in HPV-associated cervical cancers by inhibiting the 26S proteasome. This review will evaluate the role players, such as HPV oncoproteins involved cervical cancer development and how they are targeted in HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53 restoration in cervical cancer. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of HIV protease inhibitors and molecular mechanisms behind the HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53-dependent anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Zukile Mbita,
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11
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Haręża DA, Wilczyński JR, Paradowska E. Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers―Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031818. [PMID: 35163748 PMCID: PMC8836588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the Papillomaviridae family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Haręża
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-3629; Fax: +48-42-272-3630
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12
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Araujo-Arcos LE, Montaño S, Bello-Rios C, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Illades-Aguiar B. Molecular insights into the interaction of HPV-16 E6 variants against MAGI-1 PDZ1 domain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1898. [PMID: 35115618 PMCID: PMC8814009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein E6 from Human Papilloma Virus 16 (HPV-16) mediates the degradation of Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI-1), throughout the interaction of its protein binding motif (PBM) with the Discs-large homologous regions 1 (PDZ1) domain of MAG1-1. Generic variation in the E6 gene that translates to changes in the protein’s amino acidic sequence modifies the interaction of E6 with the cellular protein MAGI-1. MAGI-1 is a scaffolding protein found at tight junctions of epithelial cells, where it interacts with a variety of proteins regulating signaling pathways. MAGI-1 is a multidomain protein containing two WW (rsp-domain-9), one guanylate kinase-like, and six PDZ domains. PDZ domains played an important role in the function of MAGI-1 and served as targets for several viral proteins including the HPV-16 E6. The aim of this work was to evaluate, with an in silico approach, employing molecular dynamics simulation and protein–protein docking, the interaction of the intragenic variants E-G350 (L83V), E-C188/G350 (E29Q/L83V), E-A176/G350 (D25N/L83V), E6-AAa (Q14H/H78Y/83V) y E6-AAc (Q14H/I27RH78Y/L83V) and E6-reference of HPV-16 with MAGI-1. We found that variants E-G350, E-C188/G350, E-A176/G350, AAa and AAc increase their affinity to our two models of MAGI-1 compared to E6-reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Esmeralda Araujo-Arcos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80030, Culiacán Sinaloa, CP, México.
| | - Ciresthel Bello-Rios
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México.,CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México.
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13
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Huang H, Li Y, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang G. Membrane proteomic analysis identifies the polarity protein PARD3 as a novel antiviral protein against PEDV infection. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104462. [PMID: 34954106 PMCID: PMC8695312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus causing lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. PEDV could remodel host membrane structures for their replication, assembly and escape from host cells. However, little is known about the host membrane proteins of PEDV infection. In this study, we analyzed differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between PEDV infection group and control group and identified the polarity protein PARD3 as one of the most significantly DAPs. PARD3 is implicated in the formation of tight junctions at epithelial cell-cell contacts. Then, we found that PEDV infection promoted the degradation of PARD3 via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Moreover, knockdown of PARD3 promoted the proliferation of PEDV. Further study showed that the downregulation of PARD3 altered the normal morphology of the tight junction proteins and promoted apical and basolateral virus proliferation. Tight junctions enable epithelial cells to form physical barriers, which act as an innate immune mechanism that can impede viral infection and PEDV affected the barrier functions by causing degradation of PARD3. Taken together, this work is the first time to investigate the membrane protein profile of PEDV-infected cells using quantitative proteomics and suggests that PARD3 could be a potential novel antiviral protein against PEDV infection. Significance Membrane proteins are involved in various physiological and biochemical functions critical for cellular function. It is also dynamic in nature, where many proteins are changed during in response to environmental stress. However, membrane proteins are difficult to study because of their hydrophobicity. Membrane proteomic methods using mass spectrometry analysis have been developed and applied for the characterization of the plasma membrane and subcellular organelles of various virus infected cells. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric pathogen of importance to the swine industry, causing high mortality in neonatal piglets. Because PEDV infected Vero cells can lead to significant changes in cell membrane morphology and form syncytial lesions. Here, we isolated the membrane proteins of PEDV infected and control cells and applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantitatively identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in PEDV-infected Vero cells and confirmed the DAPs by performing RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Among these differential proteins, we focused on a down-regulated protein PARD3 which is important for cell tight junction and cell polarity. Loss of PARD3 can destroy the tight junction of cells and promote the proliferation of PEDV in the apical and basolateral sides. These findings will provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms underlying the host defense responses to PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No. 116, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yapeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No. 116, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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14
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Zhang M, Kiyono T, Aoki K, Goshima N, Kobayashi S, Hiranuma K, Shiraishi K, Saya H, Nakahara T. Development of an in vitro carcinogenesis model of human papillomavirus-induced cervical adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:904-915. [PMID: 34932848 PMCID: PMC8898731 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the second most common pathological subtype of cervical cancer after squamous cell carcinoma. It accounts for approximately 20% of cervical cancers, and the incidence has increased in the past few decades, particularly among young patients. The persistent infection of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most cervical ADC. However, almost all available in vitro models are designed to study the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. To gain better insights into molecular background of ADC, we aimed to establish an in vitro carcinogenesis model of ADC. We previously reported the establishment of an in vitro model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma by introducing defined viral and cellular oncogenes, HPV16 E6 and E7, c‐MYC, and activated RAS to human cervical keratinocytes. In this study, the expression of potential lineage‐specifying factors and/or SMAD4 reduction was introduced in addition to the defined four oncogenes to direct carcinogenesis toward ADC. The cell properties associated with the cell lineage were analyzed in monolayer and organoid cultures and the tumors in mouse xenografts. In the cells expressing Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), apparent changes in cell properties were observed, such as elevated expression of columnar cell markers and decreased expression of squamous cell markers. Strikingly, the histopathology of tumors expressing FOXA2 resembled cervical ADC, proposing that FOXA2 plays a vital role in dictating the histopathology of cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Zhang
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Dynamic Pharmaco-Modality Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology and Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Hiranuma
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakahara
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Thomas M, Banks L. The biology of papillomavirus PDZ associations: what do they offer papillomaviruses? Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:119-126. [PMID: 34655911 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The high-risk α-type papillomaviruses have a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) on one of the two major oncoproteins E6 or E7; the vast majority on E6. The PBM is essential for the high-risk HPV life cycle, for episomal maintenance of the virus genome, and for maintaining the mitotic stability of the infected cell. The question is why only these viruses have PBMs - are there specific constraints imposed by the mucosal epithelium in which these viruses replicate? However the low-risk α-HPVs, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11 replicate extremely efficiently without a PBM, while viruses of the alpha8 group, such as HPV-40, replicate well with a very primitive PBM. So what does PDZ-binding capacity contribute to the fitness of the virus?
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Thomas
- ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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16
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Basukala O, Banks L. The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:1892. [PMID: 34696321 PMCID: PMC8541208 DOI: 10.3390/v13101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with HPV starts with the access of the viral particles to basal cells in the epidermis, potentially via microtraumas to the skin. The basal cells are able to keep away these pathogens in normal circumstances through a robust immune response from the host, as HPV infections are, in general, cleared within 2 to 3 weeks. However, the rare instances of persistent infection and/or in cases where the host immune system is compromised are major risk factors for the development of lesions potentially leading to malignancy. Evolutionarily, obligatory pathogens such as HPVs would not be expected to risk exposing the host to lethal cancer, as this would entail challenging their own life cycle, but infection with these viruses is highly correlated with cancer and malignancy-as in cancer of the cervix, which is almost always associated with these viruses. Despite this key associative cause and the availability of very effective vaccines against these viruses, therapeutic interventions against HPV-induced cancers are still a challenge, indicating the need for focused translational research. In this review, we will consider the key roles that the viral proteins play in driving the host cells to carcinogenesis, mainly focusing on events orchestrated by early proteins E5, E6 and E7-the not-so-good, the bad and the ugly-and discuss and summarize the major events that lead to these viruses mechanistically corrupting cellular homeostasis, giving rise to cancer and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
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17
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Yang Z, Liu H, Song R, Lu W, Wang H, Gu S, Cao X, Chen Y, Liang J, Qin Q, Yang X, Feng D, He J. Reduced MAGI3 level by HPV18E6 contributes to Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and cervical cancer progression. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3051-3062. [PMID: 34510826 PMCID: PMC8564337 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) has high carcinogenic power in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) development. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The carcinogenic properties of HPV18 require the PDZ‐binding motif of its E6 oncoprotein (HPV18 E6) to degrade its target PSD95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the PDZ protein membrane‐associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3 (MAGI3) inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and subsequently cervical cancer (CC) cell migration and invasion, via decreasing β‐catenin levels. By reducing MAGI3 protein levels, HPV18 E6 promoted CC cell migration and invasion through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Furthermore, HPV18 rather than HPV16 was preferentially associated with the downregulation of MAGI3 and activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in CC. These findings shed light on the mechanism that gives HPV18 its high carcinogenic potential in CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxiu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yibin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jihuan Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Duiping Feng
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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18
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E. A New Story of the Three Magi: Scaffolding Proteins and lncRNA Suppressors of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4264. [PMID: 34503076 PMCID: PMC8428372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding molecules exert a critical role in orchestrating cellular response through the spatiotemporal assembly of effector proteins as signalosomes. By increasing the efficiency and selectivity of intracellular signaling, these molecules can exert (anti/pro)oncogenic activities. As an archetype of scaffolding proteins with tumor suppressor property, the present review focuses on MAGI1, 2, and 3 (membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted), a subgroup of the MAGUK protein family, that mediate networks involving receptors, junctional complexes, signaling molecules, and the cytoskeleton. MAGI1, 2, and 3 are comprised of 6 PDZ domains, 2 WW domains, and 1 GUK domain. These 9 protein binding modules allow selective interactions with a wide range of effectors, including the PTEN tumor suppressor, the β-catenin and YAP1 proto-oncogenes, and the regulation of the PI3K/AKT, the Wnt, and the Hippo signaling pathways. The frequent downmodulation of MAGIs in various human malignancies makes these scaffolding molecules and their ligands putative therapeutic targets. Interestingly, MAGI1 and MAGI2 genetic loci generate a series of long non-coding RNAs that act as a tumor promoter or suppressor in a tissue-dependent manner, by selectively sponging some miRNAs or by regulating epigenetic processes. Here, we discuss the different paths followed by the three MAGIs to control carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kotelevets
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Eric Chastre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
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19
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Messa L, Celegato M, Bertagnin C, Mercorelli B, Alvisi G, Banks L, Palù G, Loregian A. The Dimeric Form of HPV16 E6 Is Crucial to Drive YAP/TAZ Upregulation through the Targeting of hScrib. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164083. [PMID: 34439242 PMCID: PMC8393709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding the mechanisms of action of HPV oncoproteins is pivotal for the rationale development of anti-cancer drugs to treat HPV-related malignancies. The aim of the present study was to explore more in detail the mechanism of action of the HPV16 oncoprotein E6 that directly fosters the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, a conserved cascade highly active in HPV-related cancers. We confirmed previous evidence about the importance of the PDZ-protein targeting in this process, highlighting here the importance of hScrib degradation, and discovered that the targeting of the Scribble module involves the dimeric form of HPV16 E6. The findings here presented extend our knowledge about the mechanism through which the oncoprotein E6 targets a PDZ-host factor to degradation in cancer cells. Abstract Human papillomavirus is the most common viral infectious agent responsible for cancer development in humans. High-risk strains are known to induce cancer through the expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7, yet we have only a partial understanding of the precise mechanisms of action of these viral proteins. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism through which the oncoprotein E6 alters the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway to trigger YAP/TAZ induction in cancer cells. By employing E6 overexpression systems combined with protein–protein interaction studies and loss-of-function approaches, we discovered that the E6-mediated targeting of hScrib, which supports YAP/TAZ upregulation, intimately requires E6 homodimerization. We show that the self-association of E6, previously reported only in vitro, takes place in the cytoplasm and, as a dimer, E6 targets the fraction of hScrib at the cell cortex for proteasomal degradation. Thus, E6 homodimerization emerges as an important event in the mechanism of E6-mediated hScrib targeting to sustain downstream YAP/TAZ upregulation, unraveling for the first time the key role of E6 homodimerization in the context of its transforming functions and thus paving the way for the possible development of E6 dimerization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Marta Celegato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Beatrice Mercorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (C.B.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272363
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20
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Vats A, Trejo-Cerro O, Thomas M, Banks L. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7: What remains? Tumour Virus Res 2021; 11:200213. [PMID: 33716206 PMCID: PMC7972986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research on the human papillomavirus oncogenes, E6 and E7, have given us huge amounts of data on their expression, functions and structures. We know much about the very many cellular proteins and pathways that they influence in one way or another. However, much of this information is quite discrete, referring to one activity examined under one condition. It is now time to join the dots to try to understand a larger picture: how, where and when do all these interactions occur... and why? Examining these questions will also show how many of the yet obscure cellular processes work together for cellular and tissue homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Vats
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Oscar Trejo-Cerro
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
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21
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High expression of PARD3 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11078. [PMID: 34040099 PMCID: PMC8154901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly cancers with poor prognosis and drug response. Identifying accurate therapeutic targets would facilitate precision treatment and prolong survival for HCC. In this study, we analyzed liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and identified PARD3 as one of the most significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we investigated the relationship between PARD3 and outcomes of HCC, and assessed predictive capacity. Moreover, we performed functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis to evaluate functional networks related to PARD3 in HCC and explore its role in tumor immunity. PARD3 expression levels in 371 HCC tissues were dramatically higher than those in 50 paired adjacent liver tissues (p < 0.001). High PARD3 expression was associated with poor clinicopathologic feathers, such as advanced pathologic stage (p = 0.002), vascular invasion (p = 0.012) and TP53 mutation (p = 0.009). Elevated PARD3 expression also correlated with lower overall survival (OS, HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.45-2.98, p < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (DSS, HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.27-3.16, p = 0.003). 242 up-regulated and 71 down-regulated genes showed significant association with PARD3 expression, which were involved in genomic instability, response to metal ions, and metabolisms. PARD3 is involved in diverse immune infiltration levels in HCC, especially negatively related to dendritic cells (DCs), cytotoxic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Altogether, PARD3 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of HCC.
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22
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Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Sánchez-Meza LV, Encarnación-Guevara S, Hernández-Ortíz M, Martínez-Batallar G, Torres-Rojas FI, Mendoza-Catalán MÁ, Moral-Hernández OD, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Illades-Aguiar B. Effect of HPV 16 E6 Oncoprotein Variants on the Alterations of the Proteome of C33A Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:273-283. [PMID: 33893080 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The E6 genotypic variants of HPV 16 identified in lesions of women with cervical cancer (CC) in Southern of Mexico include the E-G350, AAa, AAc, E-C188/G350, and E-A176/G350, transcriptomic analysis cells transfected with those variants showed to induce differential expression of the host genes involved in the development of CC, the aim of this work was to understand how the over-expression of the E6 oncoprotein and its variants can induce molecular mechanisms that lead to more aggressive HPV 16 phenotypes in cervical cancer and which proteins could be associated with the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total extracts from C33A, C33A mock, C33A AAa, C33A E-C188/G350, C33A E-A176/G350, and C33A E-prototype cells were analyzed using 2D electrophoresis, PDQuest software and mass spectrometry, validation of results was performed through qPCR. RESULTS Statistically significant differential expression of 122 spots was detected, 12 of the identified proteins were associated with metabolism and metabolic programming. Out of these CCT8, ENO and ALDH1A were further validated. CONCLUSION CCT8 and ALDH1A were found to be over-expressed in C33A AAa and C33A E-A176/G350, compared to the E prototype. Both proteins could be associated with a most aggressive phenotype due to their relationship with metabolism, protein folding and stemness, mechanisms associated to E6 that could be useful in the design of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México.,CONACyT- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Luz Victoria Sánchez-Meza
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Israel Torres-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México;
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23
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Zhang SW, Luo RZ, Sun XY, Yang X, Yang HX, Xiong SP, Liu LL. Co-expression of SOX2 and HR-HPV RISH predicts poor prognosis in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:332. [PMID: 33789601 PMCID: PMC8011148 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) is a rare cancer involving the human papilloma virus (HPV), and has few available treatments. The present work aimed to assess the feasibility of SOX2 and HPV statuses as predictive indicators of SCNEC prognosis. METHODS The associations of SOX2 and/or high-risk (HR)-HPV RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) levels with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes for 88 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) cases were analyzed. RESULTS Among these patients with SCNEC, SOX2, P16INK4A and HR-HPV RISH expression and SOX2/HR-HPV RISH co-expression were detected in 68(77.3%), 76(86.4%), 73(83.0%), and 48(54.5%), respectively. SOX2-positive and HR-HPV RISH-positive SCNEC cases were associated with poorer overall survival (OS, P = 0.0170, P = 0.0451) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.0334, P = 0.0309) compared with those expressing low SOX2 and negative HR-HPV RISH. Alternatively, univariate analysis revealed that SOX2 and HR-HPV RISH expression, either separately or in combination, predicted the poor prognosis of SCNEC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that the co-expression of SOX2 with HR-HPV RISH may be an independent factor of OS [hazard ratio = 3.597; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.085-11.928; P = 0.036] and DFS [hazard ratio = 2.880; 95% CI: 1.199-6.919; P = 0.018] prediction in SCNEC. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of the present study suggest that the co-expression of SOX2 with HR-HPV RISH in SCNEC may represent a specific subgroup exhibiting remarkably poorer prognostic outcomes compared with the expression of any one marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 51800, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Si-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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24
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Zhang X, Chu H, Wen L, Shuai H, Yang D, Wang Y, Hou Y, Zhu Z, Yuan S, Yin F, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Competing endogenous RNA network profiling reveals novel host dependency factors required for MERS-CoV propagation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:733-746. [PMID: 32223537 PMCID: PMC7170352 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1738277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an integral component of the host competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. These noncoding RNAs are characterized by their unique splicing reactions to form covalently closed loop structures and play important RNA regulatory roles in cells. Recent studies showed that circRNA expressions were perturbed in viral infections and circRNAs might serve as potential antiviral targets. We investigated the host ceRNA network changes and biological relevance of circRNAs in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (Calu-3) cells infected with the highly pathogenic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A total of ≥49337 putative circRNAs were predicted. Among the 7845 genes which generated putative circRNAs, 147 (1.9%) of them each generated ≥30 putative circRNAs and were involved in various biological, cellular, and metabolic processes, including viral infections. Differential expression (DE) analysis showed that the proportion of DE circRNAs significantly (P < 0.001) increased at 24 h-post infection. These DE circRNAs were clustered into 4 groups according to their time-course expression patterns and demonstrated inter-cluster and intra-cluster variations in the predicted functions of their host genes. Our comprehensive circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network identified 7 key DE circRNAs involved in various biological processes upon MERS-CoV infection. Specific siRNA knockdown of two selected DE circRNAs (circFNDC3B and circCNOT1) significantly reduced MERS-CoV load and their target mRNA expression which modulates various biological pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ubiquitination pathways. These results provided novel insights into the ceRNA network perturbations, biological relevance of circRNAs, and potential host-targeting antiviral strategies for MERS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhen S, Liu Y, Lu J, Tuo X, Yang X, Chen H, Chen W, Li X. Human Papillomavirus Oncogene Manipulation Using Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 Delivered by pH-Sensitive Cationic Liposomes. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:309-324. [PMID: 31973584 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology enables targeted gene editing, but cancer gene therapy with this approach requires improvements to enable safe and efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to tumors. We developed and evaluated a self-assembled liposome to selectively deliver CRISPR/Cas9 to cancer tissues. Our CRISPR/Cas9 system effectively inhibited proliferation of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-positive cervical cancer cells and induced apoptosis by inactivating the HR-HPV16E6/E7 oncogene. Based on this system, we prepared a long-circulating pH-sensitive cationic nano-liposome complex with a high cell targeting and gene knockout rate. Intratumoral injection of cationic liposomes targeted to splicing HPV16 E6/E7 in nude mice significantly inhibited tumor growth without significant toxicity in vivo. Liposomes that targeted HPV16 E6/E7 splicing were established as a basis for treatment of HPV16-positive cervical cancer drug candidates. Our study demonstrates that this liposome offers an efficient delivery system for nonviral gene editing, adding to the armamentarium of gene editing tools to advance safe and effective precision medicine-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China.,Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R China.,Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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26
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Chen T, Li J, Wang S, Ning Y, Zhou X, Wang Y. High-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization in endocervical glandular neoplasia: performance compared with p16 INK4a and Ki67 immunochemistry. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6498-6506. [PMID: 31737201 PMCID: PMC6834507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (HR-HPV RISH) can detect HPV-driven endocervical glandular neoplasia. Our aim was to compare its diagnostic performance with the conventional p16INK4a and Ki67 immunochemistry (IHC). METHODS HR-HPV RISH and IHC were performed in normal cervix (n = 70), reactive cervix (n = 60), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n = 92), endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) and adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 21) samples (n = 163). The sensitivities and specificities of the three markers were compared in the benign, AIS, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non HPV-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA) samples, and in 39 endocervical curettage specimens containing endometrial and HPV-associated neoplastic glands. Finally, the inter-observer agreement rate for the three markers were calculated. RESULTS The sensitivities of HR-HPV RISH, P16INK4a and Ki67 were 100% for the HPV-related glandular neoplasia and HPVAs in ECAs, while the specificity of HR-HPV RISH (100%) were higher than the other two (88.89% and 17.77% for P16INK4a and Ki67 respectively) in the HPVAs. Furthermore, HR-HPV RISH was more specific than either p16INK4a block+ or Ki67 in the endocervical curettage specimens and in HPVAs with poor differentiation. Finally, the inter-observer agreement for HR-HPV RISH was higher than that for the morphological, p16INK4a block+ and Ki67 markers (99.67% vs. 95.10%, 99.35% and 90.85% respectively). CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV RISH is highly sensitive and specific for HPV-driven endocervical glandular neoplasia compared to p16INK4a and Ki67, and should be incorporated for ECA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shunni Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
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27
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Otter S, Whitaker S, Chatterjee J, Stewart A. The Human Papillomavirus as a Common Pathogen in Oropharyngeal, Anal and Cervical Cancers. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Estêvão D, Costa NR, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Hallmarks of HPV carcinogenesis: The role of E6, E7 and E5 oncoproteins in cellular malignancy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:153-162. [PMID: 30707946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infectious agent worldwide, being also responsible for 5% of all human cancers. The integration and hypermethylation mechanisms of the HPV viral genome promote the unbalanced expression of the E6, E7 and E5 oncoproteins, which are crucial factors for the carcinogenic cascade in HPV-induced cancers. This review highlights the action of E6, E7 and E5 over key regulatory targets, promoting all known hallmarks of cancer. Both well-characterized and novel targets of these HPV oncoproteins are described, detailing their mechanisms of action. Finally, this review approaches the possibility of targeting E6, E7 and E5 for therapeutic applications in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Estêvão
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Rios Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; LPCC, Research Department Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, no. 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Madeo M, Colbert PL, Vermeer DW, Lucido CT, Cain JT, Vichaya EG, Grossberg AJ, Muirhead D, Rickel AP, Hong Z, Zhao J, Weimer JM, Spanos WC, Lee JH, Dantzer R, Vermeer PD. Cancer exosomes induce tumor innervation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4284. [PMID: 30327461 PMCID: PMC6191452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with densely innervated tumors suffer with increased metastasis and decreased survival as compared to those with less innervated tumors. We hypothesize that in some tumors, nerves are acquired by a tumor-induced process, called axonogenesis. Here, we use PC12 cells as an in vitro neuronal model, human tumor samples and murine in vivo models to test this hypothesis. When appropriately stimulated, PC12 cells extend processes, called neurites. We show that patient tumors release vesicles, called exosomes, which induce PC12 neurite outgrowth. Using a cancer mouse model, we show that tumors compromised in exosome release are less innervated than controls. Moreover, in vivo pharmacological blockade of exosome release similarly attenuates tumor innervation. We characterize these nerves as sensory in nature and demonstrate that axonogenesis is potentiated by the exosome-packaged axonal guidance molecule, EphrinB1. These findings indicate that tumor released exosomes induce tumor innervation and exosomes containing EphrinB1 potentiate this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Madeo
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Christopher T Lucido
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron J Grossberg
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave KR-CEDR, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - DesiRae Muirhead
- Sanford Health Pathology Clinic, Sanford Health, 1305 West 18th St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Population Health Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Sanford Ears, Nose and Throat, 1310 West 22nd St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - John H Lee
- NantKwest, 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
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30
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Sluimer J, Distel B. Regulating the human HECT E3 ligases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3121-3141. [PMID: 29858610 PMCID: PMC6063350 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to proteins, by E3 ligases of the HECT (homologous to E6AP C terminus) family is critical in controlling diverse physiological pathways. Stringent control of HECT E3 ligase activity and substrate specificity is essential for cellular health, whereas deregulation of HECT E3s plays a prominent role in disease. The cell employs a wide variety of regulatory mechanisms to control HECT E3 activity and substrate specificity. Here, we summarize the current understanding of these regulatory mechanisms that control HECT E3 function. Substrate specificity is generally determined by interactions of adaptor proteins with domains in the N-terminal extensions of HECT E3 ligases. These N-terminal domains have also been found to interact with the HECT domain, resulting in the formation of inhibitory conformations. In addition, catalytic activity of the HECT domain is commonly regulated at the level of E2 recruitment and through HECT E3 oligomerization. The previously mentioned regulatory mechanisms can be controlled through protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, the binding of calcium ions, and more. Functional activity is determined not only by substrate recruitment and catalytic activity, but also by the type of ubiquitin polymers catalyzed to the substrate. While this is often determined by the specific HECT member, recent studies demonstrate that HECT E3s can be modulated to alter the type of ubiquitin polymers they catalyze. Insight into these diverse regulatory mechanisms that control HECT E3 activity may open up new avenues for therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibition or enhancement of HECT E3 function in disease-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Sluimer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wijtemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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High-Risk Human Papillomaviral Oncogenes E6 and E7 Target Key Cellular Pathways to Achieve Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061706. [PMID: 29890655 PMCID: PMC6032416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to several human cancers, the most prominent of which is cervical cancer. The integration of the viral genome into the host genome is one of the manners in which the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 achieve persistent expression. The most well-studied cellular targets of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are p53 and pRb, respectively. However, recent research has demonstrated the ability of these two viral factors to target many more cellular factors, including proteins which regulate epigenetic marks and splicing changes in the cell. These have the ability to exert a global change, which eventually culminates to uncontrolled proliferation and carcinogenesis.
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Upsetting the Balance: When Viruses Manipulate Cell Polarity Control. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3481-3503. [PMID: 29680664 PMCID: PMC7094317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central importance of cell polarity control is emphasized by the frequency with which it is targeted by many diverse viruses. It is clear that in targeting key polarity control proteins, viruses affect not only host cell polarity, but also influence many cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and innate and acquired immunity. Examination of the interactions of different virus proteins with the cell and its polarity controls during the virus life cycles, and in virally‐induced cell transformation shows ever more clearly how intimately all cellular processes are linked to the control of cell polarity. Multiple viruses target cell polarity. Viral targeting of polarity frequently occurs through PDZ recognition. Biological effects include immune-avoidance, cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition.
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Zhang JJ, Cao XC, Zheng XY, Wang HY, Li YW. Feasibility study of a human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoprotein test for the diagnosis of cervical precancer and cancer. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:1033-1042. [PMID: 29322839 PMCID: PMC5972251 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517736913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoprotein (HPV E6/E7) detection in the early screening of cervical cancer. Methods This prospective study evaluated all patients with suspected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) as identified by the presence of at least one positive indicator from a ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) and/or a Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV DNA test. The levels of E6/E7 oncoproteins were determined using Western blot analysis. The diagnostic value of the HPV E6/E7 protein assay was compared with the clinical diagnosis from TCT, HC2 and the gold standard of cervical biopsy histology. Results A total of 450 patients were enrolled in the study and based on histological findings, 102 patients were diagnosed with CIN1 (22.7%), 241 with CIN2 (53.6%), 96 with CIN3 (21.3%) and 11 with squamous cell carcinoma (2.4%). For a diagnosis of CIN2+, although the sensitivity of the HPV E6/E7 assay was lower than HC2 (65.5% versus 96.6%, respectively), the specificity was higher (38.2% versus 5.9%, respectively). The sensitivity of the HPV E6/E7 assay was higher than TCT (65.5% versus 36.2%, respectively). Conclusion Measuring HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein levels is a potential new biomarker for HPV type 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Chun Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong-Wei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Tamarozzi ER, Giuliatti S. Understanding the Role of Intrinsic Disorder of Viral Proteins in the Oncogenicity of Different Types of HPV. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010198. [PMID: 29315236 PMCID: PMC5796147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic disorder is very important in the biological function of several proteins, and is directly linked to their foldability during interaction with their targets. There is a close relationship between the intrinsically disordered proteins and the process of carcinogenesis involving viral pathogens. Among these pathogens, we have highlighted the human papillomavirus (HPV) in this study. HPV is currently among the most common sexually transmitted infections, besides being the cause of several types of cancer. HPVs are divided into two groups, called high- and low-risk, based on their oncogenic potential. The high-risk HPV E6 protein has been the target of much research, in seeking treatments against HPV, due to its direct involvement in the process of cell cycle control. To understand the role of intrinsic disorder of the viral proteins in the oncogenic potential of different HPV types, the structural characteristics of intrinsically disordered regions of high and low-risk HPV E6 proteins were analyzed. In silico analyses of primary sequences, prediction of tertiary structures, and analyses of molecular dynamics allowed the observation of the behavior of such disordered regions in these proteins, thereby proving a direct relationship of structural variation with the degree of oncogenicity of HPVs. The results obtained may contribute to the development of new therapies, targeting the E6 oncoprotein, for the treatment of HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Regina Tamarozzi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
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Yoshimatsu Y, Nakahara T, Tanaka K, Inagawa Y, Narisawa-Saito M, Yugawa T, Ohno SI, Fujita M, Nakagama H, Kiyono T. Roles of the PDZ-binding motif of HPV 16 E6 protein in oncogenic transformation of human cervical keratinocytes. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1303-1309. [PMID: 28440909 PMCID: PMC5497797 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomavirus E6 proteins have been shown to interact with and lead to degradation of PDZ-domain-containing proteins through its carboxy-terminal motif. This PDZ-binding motif plays important roles in transformation of cultured cells and carcinogenesis of E6-transgenic mice. However, its biological effects on the natural host cells have not been elucidated. We have examined its roles in an in vitro carcinogenesis model for cervical cancer, in which E6 and E7 together with activated HRAS (HRASG12V ) can induce tumorigenic transformation of normal human cervical keratinocytes. In this model, E6Δ151 mutant, which is defective in binding to PDZ domains, almost lost tumorigenic ability, whereas E6SAT mutant, which is defective in p53 degradation showed activity close to wild-type E6. Interestingly, we found decreased expression of PAR3 in E6-expressing cells independently of E6AP, which has not been previously recognized. Therefore, we knocked down several PDZ-domain containing proteins including PAR3 in human cervical keratinocytes expressing E7, HRASG12V and E6Δ151 to examine whether depletion of these proteins can restore the tumorigenic ability. Single knockdown of SCRIB, MAGI1 or PAR3 significantly but partially restored the tumorigenic ability. The combinatorial knockdown of SCRIB and MAGI1 cooperatively restored the tumorigenic ability, and additional depletion of PAR3 further enhanced the tumorigenic ability surpassing that induced by wild-type E6. These data highlight the importance of the carboxy-terminal motif of the E6 protein and downregulation of PAR3 in tumorigenic transformation of human cervical keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakahara
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Inagawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Narisawa-Saito
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yugawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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