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Doxtater K, Tripathi MK, Sekhri R, Hafeez BB, Khan S, Zafar N, Behrman SW, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. MUC13 drives cancer aggressiveness and metastasis through the YAP1-dependent pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301975. [PMID: 37793774 PMCID: PMC10551643 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchorage-independent survival after intravasation of cancer cells from the primary tumor site represents a critical step in metastasis. Here, we reveal new insights into how MUC13-mediated anoikis resistance, coupled with survival of colorectal tumor cells, leads to distant metastasis. We found that MUC13 targets a potent transcriptional coactivator, YAP1, and drives its nuclear translocation via forming a novel survival complex, which in turn augments the levels of pro-survival and metastasis-associated genes. High expression of MUC13 is correlated well with extensive macrometastasis of colon cancer cells with elevated nuclear YAP1 in physiologically relevant whole animal model systems. Interestingly, a positive correlation of MUC13 and YAP1 expression was observed in human colorectal cancer tissues. In brief, the results presented here broaden the significance of MCU13 in cancer metastasis via targeting YAP1 for the first time and provide new avenues for developing novel strategies for targeting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Doxtater
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Manish K Tripathi
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center College of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bilal B Hafeez
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Murali M Yallapu
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02p5xjf12 South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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Ruiz-Saavedra S, Zapico A, González S, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Role of the intestinal microbiota and diet in the onset and progression of colorectal and breast cancers and the interconnection between both types of tumours. Microbiome Res Rep 2023; 3:6. [PMID: 38455079 PMCID: PMC10917624 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of mortality in adults of both sexes worldwide, while breast cancer (BC) is among the leading causes of death in women. In addition to age, gender, and genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors exert a strong influence. Global diet, including alcohol consumption, is one of the most important modifiable factors affecting the risk of CRC and BC. Western dietary patterns promoting high intakes of xenobiotics from food processing and ethanol have been associated with increased cancer risk, whereas the Mediterranean diet, generally leading to a higher intake of polyphenols and fibre, has been associated with a protective effect. Gut dysbiosis is a common feature in CRC, where the usual microbiota is progressively replaced by opportunistic pathogens and the gut metabolome is altered. The relationship between microbiota and BC has been less studied. The estrobolome is the collection of genes from intestinal bacteria that can metabolize oestrogens. In a dysbiosis condition, microbial deconjugating enzymes can reactivate conjugated-deactivated oestrogens, increasing the risk of BC. In contrast, intestinal microorganisms can increase the biological activity and bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through diverse microbial metabolic transformations, potentiating their anticancer activity. Members of the intestinal microbiota can increase the toxicity of xenobiotics through metabolic transformations. However, most of the microorganisms involved in diet-microbiota interactions remain poorly characterized. Here, we provide an overview of the associations between microbiota and diet in BC and CRC, considering the diverse types and heterogeneity of these cancers and their relationship between them and with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Aida Zapico
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
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3
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Khattab RH, Abo-Hammam RH, Salah M, Hanora AM, Shabayek S, Zakeer S. Multi-omics analysis of fecal samples in colorectal cancer Egyptians patients: a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37644393 PMCID: PMC10464353 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health concern and the second most common disease worldwide. This is due to genetic coding and is influenced by environmental aspects, in which the gut microbiota plays a significant role. The purpose of this study was to compare the microbiota makeup of CRC patients with that of healthy control and to identify upregulated and downregulated proteins and metabolites in CRC patients. Using a next-generation sequencing approach, fecal samples of five females (4 CRC patients and one healthy control) were analyzed by BGI DNBSEQ-T7, Hong Kong, China. Furthermore, proteomics and metabolomics analysis were performed using LC-MS/MS technique. RESULTS Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been observed in patients with CRC, with an increase in microbiota diversity at all taxonomic levels relative to healthy control. Where, at the functional level the bacterial species participate in many different pathways among them de novo nucleotide synthesis and amino acids pathways were aberrantly upregulated in CRC patients. Proteomics and metabolomics profiles of CRC patients showed different proteins and metabolites, a total of 360 and 158 proteins and metabolites, respectively were highly expressed compared to healthy control with fold change ≥ 1.2. Among the highly expressed proteins were transketolase, sushi domain-containing protein, sulfide quinone oxidoreductase protein, AAA family ATPase protein, carbonic anhydrase, IgG Fc-binding protein, nucleoside diphosphate kinase protein, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, protein kinase domain-containing protein, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase, Acyl-CoA synthetase and EF-hand domain-containing protein. Some of the differential metabolites, Taurine, Taurocholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, Glycocholic acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic acid that belong to bile acids metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Some bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Our study paves an insight into using multi-omics technology to address the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa H Khattab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Al-Salam University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rana H Abo-Hammam
- Forensic toxicologist and narcotics expert, Ministry of Justice, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Amro M Hanora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Sarah Shabayek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samira Zakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Park J, Bushita H, Nakano A, Hara A, Ueno HM, Ozato N, Hosomi K, Kawashima H, Chen YA, Mohsen A, Ohno H, Konishi K, Tanisawa K, Nanri H, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Kunisawa J, Mizuguchi K, Araki M. Ramen Consumption and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Japanese Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the NEXIS Cohort Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1892. [PMID: 37630452 PMCID: PMC10458504 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study involving 224 healthy Japanese adult females explored the relationship between ramen intake, gut microbiota diversity, and blood biochemistry. Using a stepwise regression model, ramen intake was inversely associated with gut microbiome alpha diversity after adjusting for related factors, including diets, Age, BMI, and stool habits (β = -0.018; r = -0.15 for Shannon index). The intake group of ramen was inversely associated with dietary nutrients and dietary fiber compared with the no-intake group of ramen. Sugar intake, Dorea as a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota, and γ-glutamyl transferase as a liver function marker were directly associated with ramen intake after adjustment for related factors including diets, gut microbiota, and blood chemistry using a stepwise logistic regression model, whereas Dorea is inconsistently less abundant in the ramen group. In conclusion, the increased ramen was associated with decreased gut bacterial diversity accompanying a perturbation of Dorea through the dietary nutrients, gut microbiota, and blood chemistry, while the methodological limitations existed in a cross-sectional study. People with frequent ramen eating habits need to take measures to consume various nutrients to maintain and improve their health, and dietary management can be applied to the dietary feature in ramen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Bushita
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Ayatake Nakano
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe 350-1165, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ai Hara
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
- Future Design Division, The KAITEKI Institute, Inc., Palace Building 1-1, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda 100-8251, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe 350-1165, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ozato
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan, Gobel Building 3-13-5, Morishita, Koto 135-0004, Tokyo, Japan
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawashima
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Attayeb Mohsen
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Kiryu University, 606-7 Azami, Kasakake-machi, Midori 379-2392, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura 374-0193, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda-Tsurumaki, Shinjuku 162-0041, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Araki
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka-shinmachi, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita 564-8565, Osaka, Japan
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Ma J, Wei Q, Cheng X, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Su J. Potential role of gut microbes in the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoints inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170591. [PMID: 37416062 PMCID: PMC10320001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, the response rates ranging from 13% to 69% depending on the tumor type and the emergence of immune-related adverse events have posed significant challenges for clinical treatment. As a key environmental factor, gut microbes have a variety of important physiological functions such as regulating intestinal nutrient metabolism, promoting intestinal mucosal renewal, and maintaining intestinal mucosal immune activity. A growing number of studies have revealed that gut microbes further influence the anticancer effects of tumor patients through modulation of the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been developed relatively mature and suggested as an important regulator in order to enhance the efficacy of treatment. This review is dedicated to exploring the impact of differences in flora composition on the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as to summarizing the current progress of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li W, Zhou X, Yuan S, Wang L, Yu L, Sun J, Chen J, Xiao Q, Wan Z, Zheng JS, Zhang CX, Larsson SC, Farrington SM, Law P, Houlston RS, Tomlinson I, Ding KF, Dunlop MG, Theodoratou E, Li X. Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:809-817. [PMID: 37012201 PMCID: PMC10233354 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human gut microbiome has complex relationships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis. METHODS Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabolites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human metabolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively. RESULTS Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (β = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gammaproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06×10-8), Enterobacteriaceae (β = 0.023, P = 1.29×10-5). CONCLUSIONS We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT This study highlights the need of future complementary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Heng D, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Qiu X. Alteration of Colonic Bacterial and Fungal Composition and Their Inter- and Intra-Kingdom Interaction in Patients with Adenomas with Low-Grade Dysplasia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1327. [PMID: 37317301 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from pre-cancerous cellular lesions in the gut epithelium and mainly originates from specific types of colonic adenomas with dysplasia. However, gut microbiota signatures among sampling sites in patients with colorectal adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (ALGD) and normal control (NC) remain uncharacterized. To characterize gut microbial and fungal profiles in ALGD and normal colorectal mucosa tissues. We used 16S and ITS1-2 rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on the microbiota of ALGD and normal colorectal mucosa from 40 subjects. Bacterial sequences in the ALGD group showed an increase in Rhodobacterales, Thermales, Thermaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and several genera, including Thermus, Paracoccus, Sphingobium, and Pseudomonas, compared to the NC group. Fungal sequences in the ALGD group showed an increase in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes, and Basidiomycota, while several orders, families, and genera, including Verrucariales, Russulales, and Trichosporonales, were decreased. The study found various interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi. The bacterial functional analysis showed increased glycogen and vanillin degradation pathways in the ALGD group. Meanwhile, the fungal functional analysis showed a decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of gondoate and stearate, as well as degradation of glucose, starch, glycogen, sucrose, L-tryptophan, and pantothenate, and an increase in the octane oxidation pathway in the ALGD group. The mucosal microbiota in ALGD exhibits altered fungal and microbial composition compared to the NC mucosa, potentially contributing to the development of intestinal cancer by regulating specific metabolic pathways. Therefore, these changes in microbiota and metabolic pathways may be potential markers for diagnosing and treating colorectal adenoma and carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Heng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Department of Endoscopic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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8
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Russo E, Gloria LD, Nannini G, Meoni G, Niccolai E, Ringressi MN, Baldi S, Fani R, Tenori L, Taddei A, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. From adenoma to CRC stages: the oral-gut microbiome axis as a source of potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers of malignancy. Neoplasia 2023; 40:100901. [PMID: 37058886 PMCID: PMC10130693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 95% of Colorectal cancers (CRC) consist of adenocarcinomas originating from colonic Adenomatous polyps (AP). Increasing importance in CRC occurrence and progression has been attributed to the gut microbiota; however, a huge proportion of microorganisms inhabit the human digestive system. So, to comprehensively study the microbial spatial variations and their role in CRC progression, from AP to the different CRC phases, a holistic vision is imperative, including the simultaneous evaluation of multiple niches from the gastrointestinal system. Through an integrated approach, we identified potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers, able to discriminate human CRC from AP and/or also the different Tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, as the microbiota contributes to the production of essential metabolic products detectable in fecal samples, we analysed and compared metabolites obtained from CRC and AP patients by using a Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach. METHODS In this observational study, saliva, tissue and stool samples from 61 patients, have been collected, including 46 CRC and 15 AP patients, age and sex-matched, undergoing surgery in 2018 at the Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). First, the microbiota in the three-district between CRC and AP patients has been characterized, as well as in different CRC TNM stages. Subsequently, proton NMR spectroscopy has been used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches, to define the fecal metabolic profile of a restricted group of CRC and AP patients. RESULTS CRC patients display a different profile of tissue and fecal microbiota with respect to AP patients. Significant differences have been observed in CRC tissue microbial clades, with a rise of the Fusobacterium genus. In addition, significant taxa increase at the genus level has been observed in stool samples of CRC patients. Furthermore, Fusobacterium found in intestinal tissue has been positively correlated with fecal Parvimonas, for the first time. Moreover, as predicted by metagenomics pathway analysis, a significant increase of lactate (p=0.037) has been observed in the CRC fecal metabolic profiles, and positively correlated with Bifidobacterium (p=0.036). Finally, minor bacterial differences in CRC patients at stage T2 (TNM classification) have been detected, with a raise of the Spirochaetota phylum in CRC samples, with a slight increase of the Alphaproteobacteria class in fecal samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the importance of microbiota communities and oncometabolites in CRC development. Further studies on CRC/AP management with a focus on CRC assessment are needed to investigate novel microbial-related diagnostic tools aimed to improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy..
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9
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Ma T, Wu Z, Lin J, Shan C, Abasijiang A, Zhao J. Characterization of the oral and gut microbiome in children with obesity aged 3 to 5 years. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1102650. [PMID: 37065198 PMCID: PMC10090557 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing global prevalence of obesity has trended towards a younger age. The ecological characteristics and changes of the oral and gut microbial community during childhood are poorly understood.In this study, we analyzed the salivary and fecal microbiota of 30 children with obesity and 30 normal weight children aged 3-5 years via third-generation long-range DNA sequencing,with the aim of understanding the structure of childhood microbiota and identifying specific oral and gut microbial lineages and genera in children that may be associated with obesity.The results revealed significant variation in alpha diversity indices among the four groups (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; Shannon < 0.001). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in oral and gut microbial community structure between obesity and controls. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) abundance ratios of oral and intestinal flora among children with obesity were higher than those of controls. The most abundant phyla and genera found in oral and intestinal flora were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Neisseria, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, Prevotella and so on. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed higher proportions of Filifactor (LDA= 3.98; P < 0.05) and Butyrivibrio (LDA = 2.54; P < 0.001) in the oral microbiota of children with obesity, while the fecal microbiota of children with obesity were more enriched with Faecalibacterium (LDA = 5.02; P < 0.001), Tyzzerella (LDA=3.25; P < 0.01), Klebsiella (LDA = 4.31; P < 0.05),which could be considered as dominant bacterial biomarkers for obesity groups.A total of 148 functional bacterial pathways were found to significantly differ in the oral and gut microbiota among controls and obesity using PICRUSt 2. Most predicted functional pathways were clustered in biosynthesis. In conclusion, This work suggests there were significant differences in oral and gut microbiota in controls and obesity groups, microbiota dysbiosis in childhood might have significant effect on the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aisaiti Abasijiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Zhao,
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10
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Liang A, Leonard W, Beasley JT, Fang Z, Zhang P, Ranadheera CS. Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36927343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids responsible for color in some fruits and vegetables with potent antioxidative capacity. During digestion, a larger proportion of dietary anthocyanins remains unabsorbed and reach the large intestine where they interact with the gut microbiota. Anthocyanins can modulate gut microbial populations to improve diversity and the proportion of beneficial populations, leading to alterations in short chain fatty acid and bile acid production. Some anthocyanins can be degraded into colonic metabolites, such as phenolic acids, which accumulate in the body and regulate a range of biological activities. Here we provide an overview of the effects of dietary anthocyanin consumption on gut microbial interactions, metabolism, and composition. Progression of chronic diseases has been strongly associated with imbalances in gut microbial populations. We therefore focus on the role of the gut microbiota as the 'mediator' that facilitates the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various chronic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Cai P, Xiong J, Sha H, Dai X, Lu J. Tumor bacterial markers diagnose the initiation and four stages of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1123544. [PMID: 36992683 PMCID: PMC10040638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has supported dysbiosis in the faecal microbiome along control-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In contrast, the data is lacking for in situ tumor bacterial community over colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, resulting in the uncertainties of identifying CRC-associated taxa and diagnosing the sequential CRC stages. Through comprehensive collection of benign polyps (BP, N = 45) and the tumors (N = 50) over the four CRC stages, we explored the dynamics of bacterial communities over CRC progression using amplicons sequencing. Canceration was the primarily factor governing the bacterial community, followed by the CRC stages. Besides confirming known CRC-associated taxa using differential abundance, we identified new CRC driver species based on their keystone features in NetShift, including Porphyromonas endodontalis, Ruminococcus torques and Odoribacter splanchnicus. Tumor environments were less selective for stable core community, resulting in heterogeneity in bacterial communities over CRC progression, as supported by higher average variation degree, lower occupancy and specificity compared with BP. Intriguingly, tumors could recruit beneficial taxa antagonizing CRC-associated pathogens at CRC initiation, a pattern known as “cry-for-help”. By distinguishing age- from CRC stage-associated taxa, the top 15 CRC stage-discriminatory taxa contributed an overall 87.4% accuracy in diagnosing BP and each CRC stage, in which no CRC patients were falsely diagnosed as BP. The accuracy of diagnosis model was unbiased by human age and gender. Collectively, our findings provide new CRC-associated taxa and updated interpretations for CRC carcinogenesis from an ecological perspective. Moving beyond stratifying case-control, the CRC-stage discriminatory taxa could add the diagnosis of BP and the four CRC stages, especially the patients with poor pathological feature and un-reproducibility between two observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haonan Sha
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Dai, ; Jiaqi Lu,
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang KinGene Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Dai, ; Jiaqi Lu,
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12
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DuPont HL, Suescun J, Jiang ZD, Brown EL, Essigmann HT, Alexander AS, DuPont AW, Iqbal T, Utay NS, Newmark M, Schiess MC. Fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease-A randomized repeat-dose, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1104759. [PMID: 36937520 PMCID: PMC10019775 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The intestinal microbiome plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and may provide an opportunity for disease modification. We performed a pilot clinical study looking at the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), its effect on the microbiome, and improvement of symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study, wherein orally administered lyophilized FMT product or matching placebo was given to 12 subjects with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease with constipation twice weekly for 12 weeks. Subjects were followed for safety and clinical improvement for 9 additional months (total study duration 12 months). Results Fecal microbiota transplantation caused non-severe transient upper gastrointestinal symptoms. One subject receiving FMT was diagnosed with unrelated metastatic cancer and was removed from the trial. Beta diversity (taxa) of the microbiome, was similar comparing placebo and FMT groups at baseline, however, for subjects randomized to FMT, it increased significantly at 6 weeks (p = 0.008) and 13 weeks (p = 0.0008). After treatment with FMT, proportions of selective families within the phylum Firmicutes increased significantly, while proportion of microbiota belonging to Proteobacteria were significantly reduced. Objective motor findings showed only temporary improvement while subjective symptom improvements were reported compared to baseline in the group receiving FMT. Constipation, gut transient times (NS), and gut motility index (p = 0.0374) were improved in the FMT group. Conclusions Subjects with Parkinson's disease tolerated multi-dose-FMT, and experienced increased diversity of the intestinal microbiome that was associated with reduction in constipation and improved gut transit and intestinal motility. Fecal microbiota transplantation administration improved subjective motor and non-motor symptoms. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT03671785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Services and Specialties, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessika Suescun
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heather T. Essigmann
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashley S. Alexander
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew W. DuPont
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tehseen Iqbal
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Netanya S. Utay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Newmark
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Services and Specialties, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mya C. Schiess
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Fujita K, Matsushita M, De Velasco MA, Hatano K, Minami T, Nonomura N, Uemura H. The Gut-Prostate Axis: A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Biology through the Gut Microbiome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36900168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and a high-fat diet are risk factors associated with prostate cancer, and lifestyle, especially diet, impacts the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays important roles in the development of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer. The analysis of feces from patients with prostate cancer by 16S rRNA sequencing has uncovered various associations between altered gut microbiomes and prostate cancer. Gut dysbiosis caused by the leakage of gut bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide results in prostate cancer growth. Gut microbiota also play a role in the metabolism of androgen which could affect castration-resistant prostate cancer. Moreover, men with high-risk prostate cancer share a specific gut microbiome and treatments such as androgen-deprivation therapy alter the gut microbiome in a manner that favors prostate cancer growth. Thus, implementing interventions aiming to modify lifestyle or altering the gut microbiome with prebiotics or probiotics may curtail the development of prostate cancer. From this perspective, the "Gut-Prostate Axis" plays a fundamental bidirectional role in prostate cancer biology and should be considered when screening and treating prostate cancer patients.
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14
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Sun L, Zhu Z, Jia X, Ying X, Wang B, Wang P, Zhang S, Yu J. The difference of human gut microbiome in colorectal cancer with and without metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982744. [PMID: 36387258 PMCID: PMC9665410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of colorectal cancer is deemed to be closely related to the changes in the human gut microbiome. The purpose of our study is to distinguish the differences in gut microbiota between colorectal cancer with and without metastases. Firstly, this study recruited colorectal cancer patients who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Oncology Department of Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2019 to June 2019. Fresh stool samples from healthy volunteers, non-metastatic patients, and metastatic patients were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to analyze the diversity and abundance of intestinal microorganisms in each group. The results showed that the microbial composition of the control group was more aplenty than the experimental group, while the difference also happened in the Tumor and the metastases group. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly declined in the Tumor and the metastases group, compared with the control group. At the class level, Bacilli increased in experimental groups, while its abundance in the Tumor group was significantly higher than that in the metastases group. At the order level, the Tumor group had the highest abundance of Lactobacillales, followed by the metastases group and the control group had the lowest abundance. Overall, our study showed that the composition of the flora changed with the occurrence of metastasis in colorectal cancer. Therefore, the analysis of gut microbiota can serve as a supplement biological basis for the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer which may offer the potential to develop non-invasive diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzheng Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangchang Ying
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jieru Yu, ; Shuo Zhang, ; Peipei Wang,
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jieru Yu, ; Shuo Zhang, ; Peipei Wang,
| | - Jieru Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jieru Yu, ; Shuo Zhang, ; Peipei Wang,
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15
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Tajima Y, Okuda S, Hanai T, Hiro J, Masumori K, Koide Y, Kamiya T, Cheong Y, Inaguma G, Shimada Y, Wakai T, Takihara H, Akimoto S, Matsuoka H, Uyama I, Suda K. Differential analysis of microbiomes in mucus and tissues obtained from colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18193. [PMID: 36307456 PMCID: PMC9616824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer mucus layer of the colorectal epithelium is easily removable and colonized by commensal microbiota, while the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium and devoid of bacteria. Although the specific bacteria penetrating the inner mucus layer can contact epithelial cells and trigger cancer development, most studies ignore the degree of mucus adhesion at sampling. Therefore, we evaluated whether bacteria adhering to tissues could be identified by removing the outer mucus layer. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of 18 surgical specimens of human colorectal cancer revealed that Sutterella (P = 0.045) and Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.045) were significantly enriched in the mucus covering the mucosa relative to the mucosa. Rikenellaceae (P = 0.026) was significantly enriched in the mucus covering cancer tissues compared with those same cancer tissues. Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.015), Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.030), and Erysipelotrichaceae (P = 0.028) were significantly enriched in the mucus covering the mucosa compared with the mucus covering cancers. Fusobacterium (P = 0.038) was significantly enriched in the mucus covering cancers compared with the mucus covering the mucosa. Comparing the microbiomes of mucus and tissues with mucus removed may facilitate identifying bacteria that genuinely invade tissues and affect tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tajima
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan ,grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514 Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hanai
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Koji Masumori
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Koide
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kamiya
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yeongcheol Cheong
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Gaku Inaguma
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Takihara
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514 Japan
| | - Shingo Akimoto
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Ichiro Uyama
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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16
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Goedert JJ, Wu Z, Yonehara CH, Frankland TB, Sinha R, Jones GS, Wan Y, Ravel J, Zhao N, Honda SA. Reusing a prepaid health plan's fecal immunochemical tests for microbiome associations with colorectal adenoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14801. [PMID: 36045142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered colonic microbiota probably increases colorectal adenoma (CRA) and cancer (CRC) risk, but large, unbiased fecal collections are needed to examine the relationship of gut microbiota diversity and composition to colorectal carcinogenesis. This study assessed whether fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) from CRA/CRC screening may fulfill this requirement. Using FIT, self-collected by members of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii (KPH), as well as interspersed quality control (QC) specimens, DNA was extracted and amplified to generate 16S rRNA microbiome profiles rarified at 10,000 reads. CRA/CRC were diagnosed by colonoscopy and histopathology. Covariates were from electronic KPH records. Of 921 participants’ FIT devices, 538 (58%) yielded at least 10,000 rRNA reads and 1016 species-level variants mapped to 46 genera. Of the 538 evaluable participants, 63 (11.7%) were FIT-negative per protocol, and they were considered negative for CRA/CRC. Of the 475 FIT + participants, colonoscopy and pathologic review revealed that 8 (1.7%) had CRC, 71 (14.9%) had high-risk CRA, 107 (22.5%) had low-risk CRA, and 289 (60.8%) did not have CRA/CRC. Men were 2.27-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–3.91] more likely than women to be FIT+ . Men also had 1.96-fold (CI 1.24–3.07) higher odds of low-risk CRA, with similar trends for high-risk CRA and CRC. CRA/CRC were not associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes, or antibiotic prescriptions in this study. QC analysis across 24 batches of FIT devices revealed QC outliers in four batches. With or without exclusion of the four QC-outlier batches, as well as lenient (1000-read) rarefaction, CRA/CRC had no consistent, statistically significant associations with fecal microbiome alpha diversity, beta diversity or genera relative abundance. CRA/CRC had expected associations with male sex but not with microbiome metrics. Fecal microbiome profiling using DNA extracted from at-home collected, re-used FIT devices is feasible, albeit with substantial challenges. Using FITs for prospective microbiome studies of CRA/CRC risk should consider the impact of the current findings on statistical power and requisite sample sizes.
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17
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Ying HZ, Xie W, Wang MC, He JQ, Zhang HH, Yu CH. Gut microbiota: An emerging therapeutic approach of herbal medicine for prevention of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:969526. [PMID: 36051242 PMCID: PMC9426771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.969526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut dysbiosis has emerged as a prominent player in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn intensifies dysregulated gut microbiota composition and inflammation. Since most drugs are given orally, this dysbiosis directly and indirectly impinges the absorption and metabolism of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently affects the clinical outcome of patients with CRC. Herbal medicine, including the natural bioactive products, have been used traditionally for centuries and can be considered as novel medicinal sources for anticancer drug discovery. Due to their various structures and pharmacological effects, natural products have been found to improve microbiota composition, repair intestinal barrier and reduce inflammation in human and animal models of CRC. This review summarizes the chemo-preventive effects of extracts and/or compounds derived from natural herbs as the promising antineoplastic agents against CRC, and will provide innovative strategies to counteract dysregulated microbiota and improve the lives of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Huan Yu,
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18
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Liu Y, Lau HCH, Cheng WY, Yu J. Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2022:S1672-0229(22)00086-9. [PMID: 35914737 PMCID: PMC10372906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Epidemiological studies have shown that both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the development of CRC. Several metagenomic studies of CRC have identified gut dysbiosis as a fundamental risk factor in the evolution of colorectal malignancy. Although enormous efforts and substantial progresses have been made in understanding the relationship between the human gut microbiome and CRC, the precise mechanisms involved remain elusive. Recent data have shown a direct causative role of the gut microbiome in DNA damage, inflammation, and drug resistance in CRC, suggesting that modulation of the gut microbiome can act as a powerful tool in CRC prevention and therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the relationship between the gut microbiome and CRC, and explore relevant mechanisms of colorectal tumorigenesis. We next highlight the potential of bacterial species as clinical biomarkers, as well as their roles in therapeutic response. Factors limiting the clinical translation of the gut microbiome and strategies for resolving the current challenges are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Wing Yin Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China.
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19
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Lin C, Li B, Tu C, Chen X, Guo M. Correlations between Intestinal Microbiota and Clinical Characteristics in Colorectal Adenoma/Carcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:3140070. [PMID: 35937408 PMCID: PMC9352470 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3140070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Most of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic and develop along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is involved in the development of colorectal cancer. However, there are still no absolute markers predicting the progression from adenoma to carcinoma. Aims To investigate the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients and the correlations with clinical characteristics. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 154 colorectal carcinoma patients (CRC group), 20 colorectal adenoma patients (AD group), and 199 healthy controls (control group). The intestinal microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the healthy controls, microbial diversity was dramatically decreased in AD/CRC. At the genus level, Acidaminococcus significantly decreased with the order of control-AD-CRC (P < 0.05). Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Butyricimonas, Alistipes, and Odoribacter were the key genera in the network of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma-associated bacteria. Combination of the top 10 most important species, including Butyricimonas synergistica, Agrobacterium larrymoorei, Bacteroides plebeius, Lachnospiraceae bacterium feline oral taxon 001, Clostridium scindens, Prevotella heparinolytica, bacterium LD2013, Streptococcus mutans, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 19gly4, and Eubacterium hallii, showed the best performance in distinguishing AD patients from CRC (AUC = 85.54%, 95% CI: 78.83%-92.25%). The clinicopathologic features, including age, sex, tumor location, differentiation degree, and TNM stage, were identified to be closely linked to the intestinal microbiome in CRC. Conclusion Several intestinal bacteria changed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and might be the potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota characteristics in CRC should account for the host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhao Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Baolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyi Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512026, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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20
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Inamura K, Hamada T, Bullman S, Ugai T, Yachida S, Ogino S. Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327209. [PMID: 35820782 PMCID: PMC9834441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome (ie, the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, etc, likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, etc) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes. The systemic metabolic/inflammatory status, which is likely influenced by exposures and intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment of colorectum and any other organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypes via gene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it is crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that can analyse the effects of exposures, microorganisms and microenvironmental components on tumour evolution but also interdisciplinary human population research that can dissect the complex pathogenic roles of the exposome, microbiome and immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic analyses should be integrated into well-designed population research combined with advanced methodologies of artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, a prospective cohort study design that enables biospecimen (such as stool) collection before disease detection should be considered to address reverse causation and recall biases. Robust experimental and observational research together can provide insights into dynamic interactions between environmental exposures, microbiota, tumour and immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention and therapeutic strategies to ultimately reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Park J, Hosomi K, Kawashima H, Chen YA, Mohsen A, Ohno H, Konishi K, Tanisawa K, Kifushi M, Kogawa M, Takeyama H, Murakami H, Kubota T, Miyachi M, Kunisawa J, Mizuguchi K. Dietary Vitamin B1 Intake Influences Gut Microbial Community and the Consequent Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102078. [PMID: 35631219 PMCID: PMC9147846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely related to good health; thus, there have been extensive efforts dedicated to improving health by controlling the gut microbial environment. Probiotics and prebiotics are being developed to support a healthier intestinal environment. However, much work remains to be performed to provide effective solutions to overcome individual differences in the gut microbial community. This study examined the importance of nutrients, other than dietary fiber, on the survival of gut bacteria in high-health-conscious populations. We found that vitamin B1, which is an essential nutrient for humans, had a significant effect on the survival and competition of bacteria in the symbiotic gut microbiota. In particular, sufficient dietary vitamin B1 intake affects the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae, and these bacteria have proven to require dietary vitamin B1 because they lack the de novo vitamin B1 synthetic pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that vitamin B1 is involved in the production of butyrate, along with the amount of acetate in the intestinal environment. We established the causality of possible associations and obtained mechanical insight, through in vivo murine experiments and in silico pathway analyses. These findings serve as a reference to support the development of methods to establish optimal intestinal environment conditions for healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Kawashima
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Attayeb Mohsen
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan or (H.O.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (H.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Kiryu University, 606-7 Azami, Kasakake-machi, Midori 379-2392, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan or (H.O.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (H.M.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura 374-0193, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan or (H.O.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (H.M.); (M.M.)
- School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masako Kifushi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan; (M.K.); (H.T.)
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kogawa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki, Shinjuku 162-0041, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan; (M.K.); (H.T.)
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki, Shinjuku 162-0041, Tokyo, Japan;
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan or (H.O.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (H.M.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-0085, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan;
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Nihonbashibakuro, Chuo 103-0002, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan or (H.O.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (H.M.); (M.M.)
- School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki, Shinjuku 162-0041, Tokyo, Japan;
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Osaka 567-0085, Ibaraki, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.M.)
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
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22
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Fujita K, Matsushita M, Banno E, De Velasco MA, Hatano K, Nonomura N, Uemura H. Gut microbiome and prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2022; 29:793-798. [PMID: 35388531 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is linked to several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer. The gut microbiome is also associated with the modulation of immune function, resulting in a different response to immune checkpoint therapy. The gut microbiome differs according to lifestyle, diet, sex, race, genetic background, and country. Lifestyle, especially diet, plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Recent studies have revealed a connection between the gut microbiome and prostate cancer. A high-fat diet causes gut dysbiosis and gut bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and phospholipids that enter systemic circulation result in promoting prostate cancer growth. Additionally, the gut microbiota can serve as a source of testosterone, which affects prostate cancer progression. Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer have an increased abundance of gut bacteria with androgenic functions. Men with high-risk prostate cancer share a specific gut microbial profile and profiling gut microbiota could be a potentially effective tool to screen men with high-risk prostate cancer. Lifestyle modifications can improve the gut microbiome. Furthermore, altering the gut microbiome using prebiotic or probiotic interventions may prevent or delay prostate cancer development. Further study into the "Gut-Prostate Axis" would help in the discovery of new strategies for the prevention, screening, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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23
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Kono Y, Inoue R, Teratani T, Tojo M, Kumagai Y, Morishima S, Koinuma K, Lefor AK, Kitayama J, Sata N, Horie H. The Regional Specificity of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Patients with Distal Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 2022; 103:141-149. [PMID: 34619680 DOI: 10.1159/000519487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated that the populations of several microbes are significantly increased in fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting their involvement in the development of CRC. The aim of this study was to identify microbes which are increased in distal CRCs and to identify the specific location of microbes increased in mucosal tissue around the tumor. METHODS Tissue specimens were collected from surgical resections of 28 distal CRCs. Five samples were collected from each specimen (location A: tumor, B: adjacent normal mucosa, C: normal mucosa 1 cm proximal to the tumor, D: normal mucosa 3 cm proximally, and E: normal mucosa 6 cm proximally). The microbiota in the sample were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and the relative abundance (RA) of microbiota compared among the 5 locations. RESULTS At the genus level, the RA of Fusobacterium and Streptococcus at location A was the highest among the 5 locations, significantly different from that in location E. The dominant species of each genus was Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus anginosus. The RAs of these species gradually decreased from locations B to E with a statistically significant difference in F. nucleatum. The genus Peptostreptococcus also showed a similar trend, and the RA of Peptostreptococcus stomatis in location A was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion and tumor size. CONCLUSION Although the clinical relevance is not clear yet, these results suggest that F. nucleatum, S. anginosus, and P. stomatis can spread to the adjacent normal tissues and may change the surrounding microenvironment to support the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kono
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Teratani
- Center for Development of Advanced Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Tojo
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Koinuma
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Department of Operating Room Management, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
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24
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Li J, Zhang AH, Wu FF, Wang XJ. Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841552. [PMID: 35223525 PMCID: PMC8875205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of CRC remain unclear. A growing body of evidence suggests dysbiosis of gut bacteria can contribute to the occurrence and development of CRC by generating harmful metabolites and changing host physiological processes. Metabolomics, a systems biology method, will systematically study the changes in metabolites in the physiological processes of the body, eventually playing a significant role in the detection of metabolic biomarkers and improving disease diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomics, in particular, has been highly beneficial in tracking microbially derived metabolites, which has substantially advanced our comprehension of host-microbiota metabolic interactions in CRC. This paper has briefly compiled recent research progress of the alterations of intestinal flora and its metabolites associated with CRC and the application of association analysis of metabolomics and gut microbiome in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC; furthermore, we discuss the prospects for the problems and development direction of this association analysis in the study of CRC. Gut microbiota and their metabolites influence the progression and causation of CRC, and the association analysis of metabolomics and gut microbiome will provide novel strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, China.,National Chinmedomics Research Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, China.,National Chinmedomics Research Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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25
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Hiraishi K, Zhao F, Kurahara LH, Li X, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Matsuda Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Hirano K. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030649. [PMID: 35277009 PMCID: PMC8840163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactulose, a galactose-fructose disaccharide, is made from the milk sugar lactose by heating or isomerization processes. Lactulose is proposed to modulate gut microbiota and thus expected to be beneficial in treating inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of lactulose on gastrointestinal inflammation and inflammation-related tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer as well as its effect on gut microbiota composition. Azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model was used in this study. Lactulose treatment was performed by feeding 2% lactulose for 14 weeks. Stool samples collected at 4 time points were used for metagenomic analysis of the microbiota. Pathological analysis was performed 21 weeks after AOM injection. AOM/DSS increased the macrophage counts, inflammatory cytokine expression, colorectal tumorigenesis, and imbalance in gut microbiota composition, as evidenced by increased pathogen abundance (e.g., Escherichia and Clostridium). Lactulose significantly inhibited the inflammatory events, and ameliorated inflammation and tumorigenesis. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was also restored upon lactulose treatment, and lactulose reduced pathogen abundance and increased the abundance of Muribaculum and Lachnospiraceae. Meanwhile, the pathways related to Crohn’s disease were downregulated after lactulose treatment. Our findings suggest that lactulose restores the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, mitigates inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (F.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-891-2100
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Tetsuo Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (F.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (F.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.H.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (T.H.); (K.H.)
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26
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Kim JC, Bodmer WF. Genomic landscape of colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:533-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Fang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, Zhao B, Liao Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Tang D. The Association Between Gut Microbiota, Toll-Like Receptors, and Colorectal Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221130549. [PMCID: PMC9634190 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221130549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The large number of microbes found in the gut are involved in various critical biological processes in the human body and have dynamic and complex interactions with the immune system. Disruptions in the host’s gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during fermentation promote the development of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific microbial-associated molecular patterns specific to microorganisms whose signaling is involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis or, under certain conditions, mediating dysbiosis-associated intestinal inflammation. The signaling pathways of TLRs are described first, followed by a discussion of the interrelationship between gut microbes and TLRs, including the activation of TLRs by gut microbes and the effect of TLRs on the distribution of gut microbiota, particularly the role of microbes in colorectal carcinogenesis via TLRs. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of various TLRs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- The People’s Hospital Of QianNan, Duyun, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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28
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Ye Z, Zhang Y, Du M, Lu S, Zhao Q, Yang S. The Correlation Between Probiotics and Anxiety and Depression Levels in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:830081. [PMID: 35432048 PMCID: PMC9010612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown a correlation between gut microbiota and anxiety and depression levels. However, these studies are mainly animal studies or clinical studies of non-cancer patients, there is still a lack of relevant studies in cancer patients. The main objective of this trial was to analyze the correlation between probiotics and anxiety and depression levels in cancer patients. METHODS We screened all cancer patients consecutively admitted to the inpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in May 2020. A total of 292 cancer patients met our inclusion criteria. Then, we followed up all patients for 24 weeks. Patients who had incomplete data or loss of follow-up were excluded. In addition, in patients who took probiotics, those did not take probiotics consistently or did not take specific probiotics were excluded. Ultimately, the number of patients enrolled was 82 in probiotics cohort and 100 in non-probiotics cohort. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) questionnaire was used to measure the depression levels of the patients, and we also used Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) questionnaire to assess the patients' anxiety levels. A logistic regression model was used to analyze whether the difference in baseline data of two cohorts would affect the final result. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics of all cancer patients enrolled in probiotics cohort and non-probiotics cohort were similar except the cancer therapy (P = 0.004). According to the HAMA score, we divided cancer patients into non-anxiety group (HAMA score < 14) and anxiety group (HAMA score ≥ 14). Similarly, cancer patients were also divided into non-depression group (HAMD-17 score ≤ 7) and depression group (HAMD-17 score > 7). The results demonstrated that there was no statistical difference in the proportion of patients with anxiety (6.1 and 13.0%, respectively, P = 0.121) and depression (30.5 and 23.0%, respectively, P = 0.254) between probiotics and non-probiotics cohorts. The results of logistic regression model analysis further proved that the baseline difference in cancer therapy did not affect the conclusions. CONCLUSION Our results still suggest that there is no significant correlation between probiotics and anxiety and depression levels in cancer patients. Therefore, we do not recommend supplementing probiotics for cancer patients to prevent anxiety and depression. Moreover, high-quality RCTs are also needed to further confirm the conclusions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most common types of cancer in the world, and the gut microbiome plays an important role in its development. The microbiome is involved in the carcinogenesis, formation and progression of CRC as well as its response to different systemic therapies. The composition of bacterial strains and the influence of geography, race, sex, and diet on the composition of the microbiome serve as important information for screening, early detection and prediction of the treatment outcome of CRC. Microbiome modulation is one of the most prospective new strategies in medicine to improve the health of individuals. Therefore, future research and clinical trials on the gut microbiome in oncology as well as in the treatment of CRC patients are warranted to determine the efficacy of systemic treatments for CRC, minimize adverse effects and increase survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rebersek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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30
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Doudakmanis C, Bouliaris K, Kolla C, Efthimiou M, Koukoulis GD. Bacterial translocation in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery and its role in postoperative sepsis. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2021; 12:106-114. [PMID: 34877025 PMCID: PMC8611185 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i6.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the human intestinal microflora have a dual role. They promote digestion and are part of a defense mechanism against pathogens. These bacteria could become potential pathogens under certain circumstances. The term “bacterial translocation” describes the passage of bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract through the intestinal mucosa barrier to mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs. In some cases, the passage of bacteria and endotoxins could result in blood stream infections and in multiple organ failure. Open elective abdominal surgery more frequently results in malfunction of the intestinal barrier and subsequent bacterial translocation and blood stream infections than laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative sepsis is a common finding in patients who have undergone non-elective abdominal surgeries, including trauma patients treated with laparotomy. Postoperative sepsis is an emerging issue, as it changes the treatment plan in surgical patients and prolongs hospital stay. The association between bacterial translocation and postoperative sepsis could provide novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Doudakmanis
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41221, Greece
| | | | - Christina Kolla
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41221, Greece
| | - Matthaios Efthimiou
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41221, Greece
| | - Georgios D Koukoulis
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41221, Greece
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31
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Iwasaki M, Kanehara R, Yamaji T, Katagiri R, Mutoh M, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Watanabe K, Hosomi K, Kakugawa Y, Ikematsu H, Hotta K, Kunisawa J, Wakabayashi K, Matsuda T. Association of Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota with colorectal neoplasia in Japan. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:277-286. [PMID: 34779109 PMCID: PMC8748232 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota (pks+ E coli) produce a polyketide-peptide genotoxin, colibactin, and are suspected to play a role in the development of colorectal neoplasia. To clarify the role of pks+ E coli in the early stage of tumorigenesis, we investigated whether the pks status of E coli was associated with the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia. This cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort in Izu Oshima, Japan included asymptomatic residents aged 40-79 years who underwent screening colonoscopy and provided a stool sample. We identified 543 participants with colorectal neoplasia (22 colorectal cancer and 521 adenoma) as cases and 425 participants with normal colon as controls. The pks status of E coli was assayed using stool DNA and specific primers that detected pks+ E coli. The proportion of pks+ E coli was 32.6% among cases and 30.8% among controls. Compared with those with pks- E coli, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for participants with pks+ E coli was 1.04 (0.77-1.41) after adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed regardless of tumor site or number of colorectal adenoma lesions. However, stratified analyses revealed increased ORs among participants who consumed cereals over the median intake or vegetables under the median intake. Overall, we found no statistically significant association between pks+ E coli and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma lesions among this Japanese cohort. However, positive associations were suggested under certain intake levels of cereals or vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Kanehara
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kakugawa
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kinichi Hotta
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Zou J, Xiao Z, Wu Y, Yang J, Cui N. Noninvasive fecal testing for colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 524:123-131. [PMID: 34756863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide, with the second highest mortality rate among all malignancies. In this review, we describe the current utility of stool diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. METHODS We reviewed stool-related tests and biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of CRC. The guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and multitarget stool DNA test (MT-sDNA) have been used as clinical CRC screening tools. Although microRNAs, protein biomarkers, and microbiota have not yet been used in clinical CRC screening, there is growing evidence that they have the potential to function as CRC screening tools. RESULTS According to the literature, the sensitivity of MT-sDNA for detecting CRC was 87.0-100%, 32.7-82.0% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 86.1-95.2%. The sensitivity of individual biomarkers of fecal microRNAs for detecting CRC was 34.2-88.2%, 73.0% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 68-100%. The sensitivity of fecal protein markers for detecting CRC was 63.6-93.0%, 47.7-69.4% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 38.3-97.5%. The sensitivity of fecal microbiota for detecting CRC was 54.0-100.0%, 32.0-48.3% for advanced adenomas, and the specificity was 61.3-90.0%. CONCLUSION MT-sDNA is the most sensitive CRC screening test, and its sensitivity is the highest for advanced adenomas; however, its detection cost is high. MT-sDNA was more sensitive to CRC and advanced precancerous lesions than FIT, but compared to three years of MT-sDNA, annual FIT as the first non-invasive screening test for CRC seemed to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanshuo Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guanganmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cui
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Wan XH. Artificial intelligence reveals roles of gut microbiota in driving human colorectal cancer evolution. Artif Intell Cancer 2021; 2:69-78. [DOI: 10.35713/aic.v2.i5.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, gut mucosal microbiota begins to be recognized as critical drivers of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Various AI approaches have been designed to obtain effective information from enormous numbers of microbial cells residing in gut mucosal as well as cancer cells. These mainly include detection of microbial markers for early clinical diagnosis of stage-specific CRC, characterization of pathogenic bacterial activities via genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and prediction of interplay between bacterial drivers and host immune systems. Here I review the current progresses of AI applications in profiling gut microbiomes linked to CRC initiation and development. I further look forward to future AI research for improving our understanding of the roles of gut microbiota in CRC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Wan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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34
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C de S L Oliveira AL, Schomann T, de Geus-Oei LF, Kapiteijn E, Cruz LJ, de Araújo Junior RF. Nanocarriers as a Tool for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1321. [PMID: 34452282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising tool for the treatment of cancer. In the past decades, major steps have been made to bring nanotechnology into the clinic in the form of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The great hope of drug delivery systems is to reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutics while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of the therapy. An increased treatment efficiency would greatly benefit the quality of life as well as the life expectancy of cancer patients. However, besides its many advantages, nanomedicines have to face several challenges and hurdles before they can be used for the effective treatment of tumors. Here, we give an overview of the hallmarks of cancer, especially colorectal cancer, and discuss biological barriers as well as how drug delivery systems can be utilized for the effective treatment of tumors and metastases.
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35
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Fang CY, Chen JS, Hsu BM, Hussain B, Rathod J, Lee KH. Colorectal Cancer Stage-Specific Fecal Bacterial Community Fingerprinting of the Taiwanese Population and Underpinning of Potential Taxonomic Biomarkers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081548. [PMID: 34442626 PMCID: PMC8401100 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still faces a poor prognosis. There is growing evidence that gut microbiota and their metabolites potentially contribute to the development of CRC. Thus, microbial dysbiosis and their metabolites associated with CRC, based on stool samples, may be used to advantage to provide an excellent opportunity to find possible biomarkers for the screening, early detection, prevention, and treatment of CRC. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing coupled with statistical analysis, this study analyzed the cause–effect shift of the microbial taxa and their metabolites that was associated with the fecal gut microbiota of 17 healthy controls, 21 polyps patients, and 21 cancer patients. The microbial taxonomic shift analysis revealed striking differences among the healthy control, polyps and cancer groups. At the phylum level, Synergistetes was reduced significantly in the polyps group compared to the healthy control and cancer group. Additionally, at the genus level and in association with the cancer group, a total of 12 genera were highly enriched in abundance. In contrast, only Oscillosprira was significantly higher in abundance in the healthy control group. Comparisons of the polyps and cancer groups showed a total of 18 significantly enriched genera. Among them, 78% of the genera associated with the cancer group were in higher abundance, whereas the remaining genera showed a higher abundance in the polyps group. Additionally, the comparison of healthy control and polyp groups showed six significantly abundant genera. More than 66% of these genera showed a reduced abundance in the polyps group than in healthy controls, whereas the remaining genera were highly abundant in the polyps group. Based on tumor presence and absence, the abundance of Olsenella and Lactobacillus at the genus level was significantly reduced in the patient group compared to healthy controls. The significant microbial function prediction revealed an increase in the abundance of metabolites in the polyps and cancer groups compared to healthy controls. A correlation analysis revealed a higher contribution of Dorea in the predicted functions. This study showed dysbiosis of gut microbiota at the taxonomic level and their metabolic functions among healthy subjects and in two stages of colorectal cancer, including adenoma and adenocarcinoma, which might serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yin Fang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
- Center for Innovative on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-52720411 (ext. 66218)
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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36
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Park J, Kato K, Murakami H, Hosomi K, Tanisawa K, Nakagata T, Ohno H, Konishi K, Kawashima H, Chen YA, Mohsen A, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T, Kunisawa J, Mizuguchi K, Miyachi M. Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota of a healthy population and covariates affecting microbial variation in two large Japanese cohorts. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 34016052 PMCID: PMC8139087 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inter-individual variations in gut microbiota composition are observed even among healthy populations. The gut microbiota may exhibit a unique composition depending on the country of origin and race of individuals. To comprehensively understand the link between healthy gut microbiota and host state, it is beneficial to conduct large-scale cohort studies. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota composition within the Japanese population by 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and questionnaire-based covariate analysis. Results A total of 1596 healthy Japanese individuals participated in this study via two independent cohorts, NIBIOHN cohort (n=954) and MORINAGA cohort (n=642). Gut microbiota composition was described and the interaction of these microorganisms with metadata parameters such as anthropometric measurements, bowel habits, medical history, and lifestyle were obtained. Thirteen genera, including Alistipes, Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Eubacterium halli group, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Prevotella_9, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum were predominant among the two cohorts. On the basis of univariate analysis for overall microbiome variation, 18 matching variables exhibited significant association in both cohorts. A stepwise redundancy analysis revealed that there were four common covariates, Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, gender, age, and defecation frequency, displaying non-redundant association with gut microbial variance. Conclusions We conducted a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota in healthy Japanese individuals, based on two independent cohorts, and obtained reliable evidence that questionnaire-based covariates such as frequency of bowel movement and specific dietary habit affects the microbial composition of the gut. To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota among Japanese populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02215-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Park
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Next Generation Science Institute, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Faculty of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, 102-8341, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Attayeb Mohsen
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Next Generation Science Institute, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Next Generation Science Institute, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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Chang H, Mishra R, Cen C, Tang Y, Ma C, Wasti S, Wang Y, Ou Q, Chen K, Zhang J. Metagenomic Analyses Expand Bacterial and Functional Profiling Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer in a Hainan Cohort, China. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:705-12. [PMID: 33410957 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted for the metagenomic analysis of stool samples from CRC affected individuals to identify biomarkers for CRC in Hainan, the only tropical island province of China. The gut microbiota of CRC patients differed significantly from that of healthy and reference database cohorts based on Aitchison distance and Bray-Cutis distance but there was no significant difference in alpha diversity. Furthermore, at the species level, 68 species were significantly altered including 37 CRC-enriched, such as, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Gemella morbillorum, Citrobacter portucalensis, Alloprevotella sp., Shigella sonnei, Coriobacteriaceae bacterium, etc. Sixty-seven different metabolic pathways were acquired, and pathways involved in the synthesis of many amino acids were significantly declined. Besides, 2 identified antibiotic resistance genes performed well (area under the receive-operation curve AUC = 0.833, 95% CI 58.51-100%) compared with virulence factor genes. The results of the present study provide region-specific bacterial and functional biomarkers of gut microbiota for CRC patients in Hainan. Microbiota is considered as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC. Gut microbiota of different geographic regions should be further studied to expand the understanding of markers, especially for the China cohort due to diverse nationalities and lifestyles.
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38
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Wirth U, Garzetti D, Jochum LM, Spriewald S, Kühn F, Ilmer M, Lee SML, Niess H, Bazhin AV, Andrassy J, Werner J, Stecher B, Schiergens TS. Microbiome Analysis from Paired Mucosal and Fecal Samples of a Colorectal Cancer Biobank. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3702. [PMID: 33317136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer is subject to extensive research. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of DNA extraction and microbiome profiling of samples from different sample sites, tissue sites and storage duration of a colorectal cancer biobank. Mucosa samples, mucosal scrapings and feces as well as different tissue sites (tumor, normal mucosa) were analyzed. Microbiome analysis could be successfully performed in most of the samples (overall 93.3%) with sufficient numbers of high-quality reads. There were no differences between sample sites, while in some measures, significant differences were found between tumor and normal mucosa. Samples stored for up to eight years were used and storage conditions had no significant influence on the results. Microbiome analysis can be carried out successfully in fecal, normal mucosal and tumor samples stored long term in a colorectal cancer biobank, hence large retrospective microbiome association studies are feasible. Abstract The role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer is subject to extensive research. Before usage of biorepositories for microbiome studies, it is crucial to evaluate technical feasibility of microbiome profiling from various biospecimens. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of DNA-extraction and microbiome profiling of samples from different sample sites, tissue sites and storage duration of a colorectal cancer biobank. Mucosa samples, mucosal scrapings and feces as well as different tissue sites (tumor, normal mucosa) were analyzed. 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling with taxonomic assignment was performed on the Illumina MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, USA) platform from stored snap frozen samples. For statistical analysis, α- and β-diversity measures, PCoA, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and graphical representation were performed. Microbiome analysis could be successfully performed in most of the samples (overall 93.3%) with sufficient numbers of high-quality reads. There were no differences between sample sites, while in some measures significant differences were found between tumor and normal mucosa (α-diversity, Shannon/Simpson Indices p = 0.028/0.027, respectively). Samples stored for up to eight years were used and storage conditions had no significant influence on the results. Tumor and tissue samples of a biobank stored long term can be successfully used for microbiome analysis. As large sample sizes are needed for association studies to evaluate microbial impact on tumorigenesis or progression of colorectal cancer, an already established biorepository may be a useful alternative to prospective clinical studies.
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39
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Albaugh VL. Comment on: Fecal metagenomics and metabolomics reveal gut microbial changes after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1782-1783. [PMID: 32962897 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Bariatric & Metabolic Institute - Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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40
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Öztel Z, Gazan S, Balcan E. Tunicamycin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the small intestine. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:507-519. [PMID: 32962446 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1823481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the small intestine is exposed to variety of foreign substances, it participates in host immune response. We investigated whether the expression levels of intestinal MAdCAM-1, PECAM-1 (CD31) and CAV-1 are affected by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following brief treatment with tunicamycin (TN). We administered a single dose of TN intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours later, MAdCAM-1, PECAM-1 and CAV-1 expression levels in Peyer's patches and villi were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting. Immunostaining of MAdCAM-1 and CAV-1 in control and TN treated Peyer's patches and villi exhibited similar staining patterns. The immunoreactivity of PECAM-1 was similar for the control and TN treated Payer's patches, whereas staining was decreased significantly in TN treated villi. Our findings suggest that short term TN treatment did not affect leukocyte movement to lymphoid compartments of the small intestine, but it altered villus architecture due to decreased PECAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyde Öztel
- Department of Biology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sibel Gazan
- Department of Biology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Balcan
- Department of Biology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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41
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Jia W, Rajani C, Xu H, Zheng X. Gut microbiota alterations are distinct for primary colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Protein Cell 2020; 12:374-393. [PMID: 32797354 PMCID: PMC8106555 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the second and third most common causes of death by cancer, respectively. The etiologies of the two cancers are either infectious insult or due to chronic use of alcohol, smoking, diet, obesity and diabetes. Pathological changes in the composition of the gut microbiota that lead to intestinal inflammation are a common factor for both HCC and CRC. However, the gut microbiota of the cancer patient evolves with disease pathogenesis in unique ways that are affected by etiologies and environmental factors. In this review, we examine the changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota across the stages of the HCC and CRC. Based on the idea that the gut microbiota are an additional "lifeline" and contribute to the tumor microenvironment, we can observe from previously published literature how the microbiota can cause a shift in the balance from normal → inflammation → diminished inflammation from early to later disease stages. This pattern leads to the hypothesis that tumor survival depends on a less pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The differences observed in the gut microbiota composition between different disease etiologies as well as between HCC and CRC suggest that the tumor microenvironment is unique for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Hong Kong Tranditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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42
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Gasmi Benahmed A, Gasmi A, Doşa A, Chirumbolo S, Mujawdiya PK, Aaseth J, Dadar M, Bjørklund G. Association between the gut and oral microbiome with obesity. Anaerobe 2020; 70:102248. [PMID: 32805390 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, obesity has become one of the most common lifestyle-associated disorders. Obesity is a major contributing factor for several other lifestyles associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Although genetics and lifestyle have been directly implicated in the onset and progression of obesity, recent studies have established that gut microbiome plays a crucial role in obesity progression. A higher proportion of Firmicutes and a skewed Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio may contribute to gut dysbiosis and subsequent disturbances in the overall body metabolisms. Like gut microbiome, the oral cavity of humans also harbors a characteristic microbial population called "oral microbiome". The oral microbiome has also been implicated in the development of obesity due to its modulating effects on the gut microbiome. Due to its critical role in obesity, alteration in the gut microbiome has been suggested as one of the therapeutic strategies to manage obesity itself. For example, fecal microbiome transfer, or the use of probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested. These therapies not only restore the gut microbiome to the "pre-obese stage" but also ameliorate many functional aspects of the metabolic syndrome such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and fat accumulation. However, the efficacy and safety of some of the methods have not been tested for their long-term implications, and further research in this area is warranted to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this process completely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandru Doşa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
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43
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Xu J, Yang M, Wang D, Zhang S, Yan S, Zhu Y, Chen W. Alteration of the abundance of Parvimonas micra in the gut along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:106. [PMID: 32831925 PMCID: PMC7439112 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvimonas micra (P. micra) is reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its association with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and its role in the initiation of colorectal tumors remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between P. micra and CRA and CRC by exploring the changes of P. micra abundance in an adenoma-carcinoma sequence in a new cohort and 4 public sequencing datasets. To investigate the alterations of P. micra abundance in the gut along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to measure the relative abundance of P. micra in fecal samples from 277 subjects (128 patients with CRA, 66 patients with CRC and 83 healthy individuals, as controls) who underwent colonoscopy as outpatients. Then, the relative abundance of P. micra was analyzed in fecal samples from 596 subjects (185 healthy controls, 158 CRC, 253 CRA) in four public 16S rRNA sequencing datasets. The qPCR results demonstrated that the CRA group had an abundance of P. micra (P=0.2) similar to that of the healthy control group, while the CRC group had a significantly increased abundance (P=8.2×10−11). The level of P. micra effectively discriminated patients with CRC from healthy controls, while it poorly discriminated patients with CRA from healthy controls; with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.867 for patients with CRC and 0.554 for patients with CRA. The same pattern of the alteration of P. micra abundance, which was low in healthy controls and patients with CRA but elevated in patients with CRC, was found in all four public sequencing datasets. These results suggested that P. micra was closely associated with, and may serve as a diagnostic marker for, CRC but not CRA. Moreover, it was indicated that P. micra may be an opportunistic pathogen of CRC, which may promote CRC development but serve a limited role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Suzhou Precision Gene Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Suzhou Precision Gene Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Shuilong Zhang
- Suzhou Precision Gene Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | | | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Si H, Yang Q, Hu H, Ding C, Wang H, Lin X. Colorectal cancer occurrence and treatment based on changes in intestinal flora. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:3-10. [PMID: 32404293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in the world, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. The occurrence of CRC is believed to be related to a variety of factors. Epidemiological data indicate that CRC is mainly affected by environmental factors, eating habits, physical activity and genetic factors. As a newly recognized functional component, the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in preventing CRC formation and maintaining intestinal immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota causes CRC through alterations to immune function, focusing on the mechanisms by which intestinal microbial dysfunction promotes CRC. Furthermore, we describe the changes in the intestinal flora observed in CRC and their potential for CRC treatment with the goal of facilitating future research on the roles of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Chunsheng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China.
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Mizutani S, Yamada T, Yachida S. Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:766-773. [PMID: 31910311 PMCID: PMC7060472 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. In 2018, there were over 1.8 million new cases. Most sporadic CRC develop from polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Early detection and endoscopic removal are crucial for CRC management. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with CRC development in humans. Comprehensive characterization of this microbiota is of great importance to assess its potential as a diagnostic marker in the very early stages of CRC. In this review, we summarized recent studies on CRC-associated bacteria and their carcinogenic mechanisms in animal models, human cell lines and human cohorts. High-throughput technologies have facilitated the identification of CRC-associated bacteria in human samples. We have presented our metagenome and metabolome studies on fecal samples collected from a large Japanese cohort that revealed stage-specific phenotypes of the microbiota in CRC. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential carcinogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiota, from which we can infer whether changes in the gut microbiota are a cause or effect in the multi-step process of CRC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Mizutani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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