1
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Shu VA, Eni DB, Ntie-Kang F. A survey of isatin hybrids and their biological properties. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z. [PMID: 38833124 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of diverse infections worldwide, which is a serious global threat to human existence, necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic candidates that can combat these diseases with efficacy. Molecular hybridization has been established as an efficient technique in designing bioactive molecules capable of fighting infections. Isatin, a core nucleus of an array of compounds with diverse biological properties can be modified at different positions leading to the creation of novel drug targets, is an active area of medicinal chemistry. This review containing published articles from 2005 to 2022 highlights isatin hybrids which have been synthesized and reported in the literature alongside a discussion on their biological properties. The enriched structure-activity relationship studies discussed provides insights for the rational design of novel isatin hybrids with tailored biological properties as effective therapeutic candidates inspired by nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Asoh Shu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Donatus Bekindaka Eni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Ghannay S, Aldhafeeri BS, Ahmad I, E.A.E. Albadri A, Patel H, Kadri A, Aouadi K. Identification of dual-target isoxazolidine-isatin hybrids with antidiabetic potential: Design, synthesis, in vitro and multiscale molecular modeling approaches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25911. [PMID: 38380049 PMCID: PMC10877290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the development of novel antidiabetic agents, a novel series of isoxazolidine-isatin hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as dual α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. The precise structures of the synthesized scaffolds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The obtained results were compared to those of the reference drug, acarbose (IC50 = 296.6 ± 0.825 μM for α-amylase & IC50 = 780.4 ± 0.346 μM for α-glucosidase). Among the title compounds, 5d exhibited impressive α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 30.39 ± 1.52 μM and 65.1 ± 3.11 μM, respectively, followed by 5h (IC50 = 46.65 ± 2.3 μM; IC50 = 85.16 ± 4.25 μM) and 5f (IC50 = 55.71 ± 2.78 μM; IC50 = 106.77 ± 5.31 μM). Mechanistic studies revealed that the most potent derivative 5d bearing the chloro substituent attached to the oxoindolin-3-ylidene core, and acarbose, are a competitive inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Structure activity relationship (SAR) was examined to guide further structural optimization of the most appropriate substituent(s). Moreover, drug-likeness qualities and ADMET prediction of the most active analogue, 5d was also performed. Subsequently, 5d was subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation during the progression of 120 ns analysis to check the essential ligand-receptor patterns, and to estimate its stability. In silico studies were found in good agreement with the in vitro enzymatic inhibitions results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that most potent compound 5d could be exploited as dual potential inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase for possible management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budur Saleh Aldhafeeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box (1988), Al-Baha, 65527, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaiss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
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Zhao YQ, Li X, Guo HY, Shen QK, Quan ZS, Luan T. Application of Quinoline Ring in Structural Modification of Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:6478. [PMID: 37764254 PMCID: PMC10534720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are rich in pharmacological properties that are a hot topic in pharmaceutical research. The quinoline ring plays important roles in many biological processes in heterocycles. Many pharmacological compounds, including saquinavir and chloroquine, have been marketed as quinoline molecules with good anti-viral and anti-parasitic properties. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the medicinal chemistry of quinoline-modified natural product quinoline derivatives that were developed by several research teams in the past 10 years and find that these compounds have inhibitory effects on bacteria, viruses, parasites, inflammation, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (X.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Tian Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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4
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Elmongy EI, Ahmed AAS, El Sayed IET, Fathy G, Awad HM, Salman AU, Hamed MA. Synthesis, Biocidal and Antibiofilm Activities of New Isatin-Quinoline Conjugates against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens along with Their In Silico Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1507. [PMID: 36358162 PMCID: PMC9686684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatin-quinoline conjugates 10a-f and 11a-f were assembled by the reaction of N-(bromobutyl) isatin derivatives 3a, b with aminoquinolines 6a-c and their corresponding hydrazinyl 9a-c in good yields. The structures of the resulting conjugates were established by spectroscopic tools and showed data consistent with the proposed structures. In vitro antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated. All tested conjugates showed significant biocidal activity with lower MIC than the first line drugs chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Conjugates 10a, 10b and 10f displayed the most potent activity against all clinical isolates. The antibiofilm activity for all tested conjugates was screened against the reference drug vancomycin using the MRSA strain. The results revealed that all conjugates had an inhibitory activity against biofilm formation and conjugate. Conjugate 11a showed 83.60% inhibition at 10 mg/mL. In addition, TEM studies were used to prove the mechanism of antibacterial action of conjugates 10a and 11a against (MRSA). Modeling procedures were performed on 10a-f and 11a-f and interestingly the results were nearly consistent with the biological activities. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed and revealed that the synthesized compounds 10a-f and 11a-f were considered drug-like molecules with promising bioavailability and high GI absorption. The results confirmed that the title compounds caused the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and could be used as potential leads for the further development and optimization of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. S. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | | | - Ghady Fathy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Ayah Usama Salman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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5
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A Mini Review on Isatin, an Anticancer Scaffold with Potential Activities against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050536. [PMID: 35631362 PMCID: PMC9146800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin, chemically an indole-1H-2,3-dione, is recognised as one of the most attractive therapeutic fragments in drug design and development. The template has turned out to be exceptionally useful for developing new anticancer scaffolds, as evidenced by the increasing number of isatin-based molecules which are either in clinical use or in trials. Apart from its promising antiproliferative properties, isatin has shown potential in treating Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) not only as a parent core, but also by attenuating the activities of various pharmacophores. The objective of this mini-review is to keep readers up to date on the latest developments in the biological potential of isatin-based scaffolds, targeting cancer and NTDs such as tuberculosis, malaria, and microbial infections.
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Cheke RS, Patil VM, Firke SD, Ambhore JP, Ansari IA, Patel HM, Shinde SD, Pasupuleti VR, Hassan MI, Adnan M, Kadri A, Snoussi M. Therapeutic Outcomes of Isatin and Its Derivatives against Multiple Diseases: Recent Developments in Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030272. [PMID: 35337070 PMCID: PMC8950263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin (1H indole 2, 3-dione) is a heterocyclic, endogenous lead molecule recognized in humans and different plants. The isatin nucleus and its derivatives are owed the attention of researchers due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-TB, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, and so on. Many research chemists take advantage of the gentle structure of isatins, such as NH at position 1 and carbonyl functions at positions 2 and 3, for designing biologically active analogues via different approaches. Literature surveys based on reported preclinical, clinical, and patented details confirm the multitarget profile of isatin analogues and thus their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. This review represents the recent development of isatin analogues possessing potential pharmacological action in the years 2016–2020. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed to provide a pharmacophoric pattern that may contribute in the future to the design and synthesis of potent and less toxic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar S. Cheke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur 443101, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (V.R.P.)
| | - Vaishali M. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sandip D. Firke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Jaya P. Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur 443101, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Iqrar A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Harun M. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Sachin D. Shinde
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri. R. D. Bhakt College of Pharmacy, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 44800, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru 28291, Riau, Indonesia
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (V.R.P.)
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Ha′il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Ha′il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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7
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Varpe BD, Kulkarni AA, Jadhav SB, Mali AS, Jadhav SY. Isatin Hybrids and Their Pharmacological Investigations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1182-1225. [PMID: 33302835 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201209213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is an important strategy to design molecules that can be effectively used to treat fatal diseases known to mankind. Molecular hybrids and their pharmacological investigations aided in discovering several potent isatin (Indole 2, 3 dione) derivatives with anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Indole-2,3-dione and their derivatives have diverse pharmacological properties and have a prominent role in the discovery of new drugs. To understand the various approaches for designing new molecules based on isatin nucleus analysis of various pharmacophore hybrids, spacers/linkers between pharmacophores and isatin for hybridization and their biological activities are important. This review discusses the progress in developing isatin hybrids as biologically effective agents and their crucial aspects of design and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja B Jadhav
- PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil S Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravan Y Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, DBF Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 413002, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao Q, Xin L, Liu Y, Liang C, Li J, Jian Y, Li H, Shi Z, Liu H, Cao W. Current Landscape and Future Perspective of Oxazolidinone Scaffolds Containing Antibacterial Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10557-10580. [PMID: 34260235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has made the problem of bacterial resistance increasingly serious, and the study of new drug-resistant bacteria has become the main direction of antibacterial drug research. Among antibiotics, the fully synthetic oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs linezolid and tedizolid have been successfully marketed and have achieved good clinical treatment effects. Oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs have good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and unique antibacterial mechanisms, and resistant bacteria are sensitive to them. This Perspective focuses on reviewing oxazolidinones based on the structural modification of linezolid and new potential oxazolidinone drugs in the past 10 years, mainly describing their structure, antibacterial activity, safety, druggability, and so on, and discusses their structure-activity relationships, providing insight into the reasonable design of safer and more potent oxazolidinone antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Xi'an Xuri Shengchang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., High-tech Zone, Xi'an 710075, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery Center, Xinjiang Uyghur People's Hospital, Urumqi 830002, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, P. R. China
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Chauhan M, Saxena A, Saha B. An insight in anti-malarial potential of indole scaffold: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113400. [PMID: 33823394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major parasitic disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Pertaining to the sustaining resistance in malarial parasite against the available drugs, novel treatment options are the need of the hour. In this resolve recently, focus has shifted to finding the natural alternatives that possess anti-plasmodial activity for combatting malaria. Drawing on the text written in ancient scriptures and Ayurveda, natural compounds are now being screened for their therapeutic properties. Indole is one such natural compound, present in all living organisms, it displays a range of therapeutic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial etc. In this review, we have discussed various indole scaffold as well as the semi-synthetic drugs containing indole moiety that have been synthesized for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Kumar R, Takkar P. Repositioning of Isatin hybrids as novel anti-tubercular agents overcoming pre-existing antibiotics resistance. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Horvath D, Orlov A, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Marcou G, Varnek A. A Chemographic Audit of anti-Coronavirus Structure-activity Information from Public Databases (ChEMBL). Mol Inform 2020; 39:e2000080. [PMID: 32363750 PMCID: PMC7267182 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of drugs against newly emerged pathogenic agents like the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (CoV) must be based on previous research against related species. Scientists need to get acquainted with and develop a global oversight over so-far tested molecules. Chemography (herein used Generative Topographic Mapping, in particular) places structures on a human-readable 2D map (obtained by dimensionality reduction of the chemical space of molecular descriptors) and is thus well suited for such an audit. The goal is to map medicinal chemistry efforts so far targeted against CoVs. This includes comparing libraries tested against various virus species/genera, predicting their polypharmacological profiles and highlighting often encountered chemotypes. Maps are challenged to provide predictive activity landscapes against viral proteins. Definition of "anti-CoV" map zones led to selection of therein residing 380 potential anti-CoV agents, out of a vast pool of 800 M organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Horvath
- Chemoinformatics LaboratoryUMR 7140 CNRS/University of Strasbourg4, rue Blaise Pascal67000Strasbourg
| | - Alexey Orlov
- Chemoinformatics LaboratoryUMR 7140 CNRS/University of Strasbourg4, rue Blaise Pascal67000Strasbourg
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd. 1Poselenie MoskovskyMoscow108819Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Osolodkin
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd. 1Poselenie MoskovskyMoscow108819Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and BiotechnologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityTrubetskaya ul. 8Moscow119991Russia
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd. 1Poselenie MoskovskyMoscow108819Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and BiotechnologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityTrubetskaya ul. 8Moscow119991Russia
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Chemoinformatics LaboratoryUMR 7140 CNRS/University of Strasbourg4, rue Blaise Pascal67000Strasbourg
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Chemoinformatics LaboratoryUMR 7140 CNRS/University of Strasbourg4, rue Blaise Pascal67000Strasbourg
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12
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Surur AS, Huluka SA, Mitku ML, Asres K. Indole: The After Next Scaffold of Antiplasmodial Agents? Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4855-4867. [PMID: 33204071 PMCID: PMC7666986 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s278588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global public health problem due to the uphill fight against the causative Plasmodium parasites that are relentless in developing resistance. Indole-based antiplasmodial compounds are endowed with multiple modes of action, of which inhibition of hemozoin formation is the major mechanism of action reported for compounds such as cryptolepine, flinderoles, and isosungucine. Indole-based compounds exert their potent activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains by inhibiting hemozoin formation in a mode of action different from that of chloroquine or through a novel mechanism of action. For example, dysregulating the sodium and osmotic homeostasis of Plasmodium through inhibition of PfATP4 is the novel mechanism of cipargamin. The potential of developing multi-targeted compounds through molecular hybridization ensures the existence of indole-based compounds in the antimalarial pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon Assefa Huluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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13
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Rani A, Johansen MD, Roquet-Banères F, Kremer L, Awolade P, Ebenezer O, Singh P, Sumanjit, Kumar V. Design and synthesis of 4-Aminoquinoline-isoindoline-dione-isoniazid triads as potential anti-mycobacterials. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127576. [PMID: 32980514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-aminoquinoline-isoindoline-dione-isoniazid triads were synthesized and assessed for their anti-mycobacterial activities and cytotoxicity. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising activities against the mc26230 strain of M. tuberculosis with MIC in the range of 5.1-11.9 µM and were non-cytotoxic against Vero cells. The conjugates lacking either isoniazid or quinoline core in their structural framework failed to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis; thus, further strengthening the proposed design of triads in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Roquet-Banères
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sumanjit
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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14
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Swain SS, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN, Hussain T. Isoniazid-phytochemical conjugation: A new approach for potent and less toxic anti-TB drug development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:714-730. [PMID: 32237023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes one of the most grievous pandemic infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB), with long-term morbidity and high mortality. The emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains, and the co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus, challenges the current WHO-TB stewardship programs. The first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), have become extensively obsolete in TB control from chromosomal mutations during the last decades. However, based on clinical trial statistics, the production of well-tolerated anti-TB drug(s) is miserably low. Alternately, semi-synthesis or structural modifications of first-line obsolete antitubercular drugs remain as the versatile approach for getting some potential medicines. The use of any suitable phytochemicals with INH in a hybrid formulation could be an ideal approach for the development of potent anti-TB drug(s). The primary objective of this review was to highlight and analyze available INH-phytochemical hybrid research works. The utilization of phytochemicals through chemical conjugation is a new trend toward the development of safer/non-toxic anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India.,Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir K Paidesetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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15
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El-Azzouny AMAES, Aboul-Enein MN, Hamissa MF. Structural and biological survey of 7-chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline and its derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:786-802. [PMID: 32385857 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 7-chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline structure is an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. It exhibited either alone or as hybrid with other active pharmacophores diverse pharmacological profiles such as: antimalarial, antiparasitic, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticancer, sirtuin Inhibitors, dopamine-3 ligands, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and serotonin antagonists. In the presented review, a comprehensive discussion of compounds having this structural core is surveyed and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M Abd El-Sattar El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Giza, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Design synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of some new coumarin substituted hydrazide–hydrazone derivatives. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Varma RR, Pursuwani BH, Suresh E, Bhatt BS, Patel MN. Single crystal, DNA interaction and cytotoxicity studies of rhenium(I) organometallic compounds. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Schilling W, Zhang Y, Riemer D, Das S. Visible-Light-Mediated Dearomatisation of Indoles and Pyrroles to Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides. Chemistry 2019; 26:390-395. [PMID: 31596010 PMCID: PMC6973285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatisation of indole derivatives to the corresponding isatin derivatives has been achieved with the aid of visible light and oxygen. It should be noted that isatin derivatives are highly important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Notably, this chemistry works excellently with N-protected and protection-free indoles. Additionally, this methodology can also be applied to dearomatise pyrrole derivatives to generate cyclic imides in a single step. Later this methodology was applied for the synthesis of four pharmaceuticals and a pesticide called dianthalexin B. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed the actual role of oxygen and photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Schilling
- Institut für Biomolekulare und Organische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institut für Biomolekulare und Organische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Riemer
- Institut für Biomolekulare und Organische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Institut für Biomolekulare und Organische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Feng LS, Xu Z, Chang L, Li C, Yan XF, Gao C, Ding C, Zhao F, Shi F, Wu X. Hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:931-971. [PMID: 31692025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, leading to around half a million deaths annually. Antimalarials such as quinolines are crucial to fight against malaria, but malaria control is extremely challenged by the limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum which are resistant toward almost all currently accessible antimalarials. To tackle the growing resistance, new antimalarial drugs are needed urgently. Hybrid molecules which contain two or more pharmacophores have the potential to overcome the drug resistance, and hybridization of quinoline privileged antimalarial building block with other antimalarial pharmacophores may provide novel molecules with enhanced in vitro and in vivo activity against drug-resistant (including multidrug-resistant) P falciparum. In recent years, numerous of quinoline hybrids were developed, and their activities against a panel of drug-resistant P falciparum strains were screened. Some of quinoline hybrids were found to possess promising in vitro and in vivo potency. This review emphasized quinoline hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant P falciparum, covering articles published between 2010 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Shi
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
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20
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Leite ACL, Espíndola JWP, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Oliveira Filho GB. Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4323-4354. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023163752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically
active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent
a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field.
The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness,
affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant
strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been
investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND).
Methods:
Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged
motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone
are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases.
Results:
It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria,
tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human
African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among
the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched.
Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored
scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also
explored in the ND field.
Conclusion:
Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while
others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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21
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Gao T, Hu W, Zeng Z, Sun S, Wang R. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Tetraethylene Glycol Tethered Ciprofloxacin–Isatin Hybrids as Novel Antitubercular Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofa Sun
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Rang Wang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 People's Republic of China
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22
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Sayyad N, Cele Z, Aleti RR, Bera M, Cherukupalli S, Chandrasekaran B, Kushwaha ND, Karpoormath R. Copper-Catalyzed Self-Condensation of Benzamide: Domino Reactions towards Quinazolinones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Zamani Cele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Milan Bera
- Department of Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai; 400 076 Mumbai India
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus); Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
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23
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Antimycobacterial, Enzyme Inhibition, and Molecular Interaction Studies of Psoromic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Efficacy and Safety Investigations. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080226. [PMID: 30127304 PMCID: PMC6111308 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the antimycobacterial efficacy of lichen-derived psoromic acid (PA) against clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Additionally, the inhibitory efficacy of PA against two critical enzymes associated with M.tb, namely, UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) and arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (TBNAT), as drug targets for antituberculosis therapy were determined. PA showed a profound inhibitory effect towards all the M.tb strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 3.2 and 4.1 µM, and selectivity indices (SIs) ranging between 18.3 and 23.4. On the other hand, the standard drug isoniazid (INH) displayed comparably high MIC values (varying from 5.4 to 5.8 µM) as well as low SI values (13.0–13.9). Interestingly, PA did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on a human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line even at the highest concentration tested (75 µM). PA demonstrated remarkable suppressing propensity against UGM compared to standard uridine-5'-diphosphate (UDP), with 85.8 and 99.3% of inhibition, respectively. In addition, PA also exerted phenomenal inhibitory efficacy (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value = 8.7 µM, and 77.4% inhibition) against TBNAT compared with standard INH (IC50 value = 6.2 µM and 96.3% inhibition). Furthermore, in silico analysis validated the outcomes of in vitro assays, as the molecular interactions of PA with the active sites of UGM and TBNAT were unveiled using molecular docking and structure–activity relationship studies. Concomitantly, our findings present PA as an effective and safe natural drug plausible for use in controlling tuberculosis infections.
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24
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Liu B, Li F, Zhou T, Tang XQ, Hu GW. Quinoline Derivatives with Potential Activity Against Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Liu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qin Tang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wen Hu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
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25
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Jiang D, Wang GQ, Liu X, Zhang Z, Feng LS, Liu ML. Isatin Derivatives with Potential Antitubercular Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Qiang Wang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Zhejiang Xianju Junye Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Xianju, Zhejiang 317300 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei 430081 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- Zhejiang Xianju Junye Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Xianju, Zhejiang 317300 People's Republic of China
| | | | - Ming-Liang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
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26
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Bogdanov AV, Zaripova IF, Voloshina AD, Strobykina AS, Kulik NV, Bukharov SV, Mironov VF. Isatin Derivatives Containing Sterically Hindered Phenolic Fragment and Water-Soluble Acyl Hydrazones on Their Basis: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, Wu X, Zhao F. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Singh A, Nisha, Bains T, Hahn HJ, Liu N, Tam C, Cheng LW, Kim J, Debnath A, Land KM, Kumar V. Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Alkyl Chain Tethered C-5 Functionalized Bis-Isatins. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1982-1992. [PMID: 29449910 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-alkyl tethered C-5 functionalized bis-isatins were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The preliminary evaluation studies revealed the compound 4t, with an optimal combination of bromo-substituent at the C-5 position of isatin ring along with propyl chain linker being most active among the synthesized series exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.72 μM against Trichomonas vaginalis while 4j exhibited an IC50 value of 14.8 μM against Naegleria fowleri, more effective than the standard drug Miltefosine. The compound 3f with an octyl spacer length was the most potent among the series against Giardia lamblia with an IC50 of 18.4 μM while 3d exhibited an IC50 of 23 μM against Entamoeba histolytica. This library was also screened against the fungal pathogen Aspergillus parasiticus. A number of the compounds demonstrated potency against this fungus, illustrating a possible broad-spectrum activity. Furthermore, an evaluation of these synthesized compounds against a panel of normal flora bacteria revealed them to be non-cytotoxic, demonstrating the selectivity of these compounds. This observation, in combination with previous studies that isatin is non-toxic to humans, presents a new possible scaffold for drug discovery against these important protozoal pathogens of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Nisha
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Trpta Bains
- Centre for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hye Jee Hahn
- Centre for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Christina Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jong Kim
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Anjan Debnath
- Centre for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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29
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4-Aminoquinoline-chalcone/- N -acetylpyrazoline conjugates: Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Xu Z, Gao C, Ren QC, Song XF, Feng LS, Lv ZS. Recent advances of pyrazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:429-440. [PMID: 28818767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One-third of the world's population infected tuberculosis (TB), and more than 1 million deaths annually. The co-infection between the mainly pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV, and the incidence of drug-resistant TB, multi-drug resistant TB, extensively drug-resistant TB as well as totally drug-resistant TB have further aggravated the mortality and spread of this disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-TB agents against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. The wide spectrum of biological activities and successful utilization of pyrazole-containing drugs in clinic have inspired more and more attention towards this kind of heterocycles. Numerous of pyrazole-containing derivatives have been synthesized for searching new anti-TB agents, and some of them showed promising potency and may have novel mechanism of action. This review aims to outline the recent achievements in pyrazole-containing derivatives as anti-TB agents and their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chuan Gao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Xu-Feng Song
- Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Zao-Sheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, PR China.
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Triazole derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:501-513. [PMID: 28692915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most widespread and leading deadliest diseases, threats one-third of the world's population. Although numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop new anti-TB agents, only a handful of compounds have entered human trials in the past 5 decades. Triazoles including 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole are one of the most important classes of nitrogen containing heterocycles that exhibited various biological activities. Triazole derivatives are regarded as a new class of effective anti-TB candidates owing to their potential anti-TB potency. Thus, molecules containing triazole moiety may show promising in vitro and in vivo anti-TB activities and might be able to prevent the drug resistant to certain extent. This review outlines the advances in the application of triazole-containing hybrids as anti-TB agents, and discusses the structure-activity relationship of these derivatives.
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Isolation of anti-mycobacterial compounds from Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm (Curtisiaceae). Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:306. [PMID: 28606081 PMCID: PMC5469045 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is counted amongst the most infectious and lethal illnesses worldwide and remains one of the major threats to human health. The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize anti-mycobacterial compounds present in Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm , a medicinal plant reportedly used in the treatment of tuberculosis, stomach ailments and sexually transmitted infections. METHODS The bioassay guided principle was followed to isolate the anti-mycobacterial compounds. The crude ethanol extracts of the leaves was partitioned with various solvents four compounds such as β-sitosterol, betulinic acid, ursolic acid and lupeol were successfully isolated. The compounds and their derivatives were evaluated for anti-mycobacterial activity using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV (ATCC 27294). Furthermore, the derivatives were investigated for their toxicity against HepG2 and HEK293 using the MTT assay. RESULTS The methanol fraction had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 22.2 μg/ml against the selected Mycobacterium strain when compared to other fractions. Ursolic acid acetate (UAA) was the most active compound with MIC value of 3.4 μg/ml. The derivatives had varying degrees of toxicity, but were generally non-toxic to the selected cell lines. Derivatives also exhibited highest selectivity index and offers a higher safety margin. CONCLUSIONS The derivatives had better antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxic effects compared to isolated compounds. These increased their selectivity. It appears that acetylation of both betulinic acid and ursolic acid increased their activity against the selected Mycobacterium species. The results obtained in this study gives a clear indication that Curtisia dentata may serve as major source of new alternative medicines that may be used to treat TB. Furthermore, there is a need to explore the activity of these tested plant against other pathogenic Mycobacterium species.
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Singh A, Rani A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Piperazine-linked 4-aminoquinoline-chalcone/ferrocenyl-chalcone conjugates: Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:590-595. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
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Are Antimalarial Hybrid Molecules a Close Reality or a Distant Dream? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00249-17. [PMID: 28289029 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00249-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains has led to a situation of haste in the scientific and pharmaceutical communities. Hence, all their efforts are redirected toward finding alternative chemotherapeutic agents that are capable of combating multidrug-resistant parasite strains. In light of this situation, scientists have come up with the concept of hybridization of two or more active pharmacophores into a single chemical entity, resulting in "antimalarial hybrids." The approach has been applied widely for generation of lead compounds against deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS, with a proven potential for use as novel drugs, but is comparatively new in the sphere of antimalarial drug discovery. A sudden surge has been evidenced in the number of studies on the design and synthesis of hybrids for treating malaria and may be regarded as proof of their potential advantages over artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, it is evident from recent studies that most of the potential advantages of antimalarial hybrids, such as lower toxicity, better pharmacokinetics, and easier formulation, have yet to be realized. A number of questions left unaddressed at present need to be answered before this approach can progress to the late stages of clinical development and prove their worth in the clinic. To the best of our knowledge, this compilation is the first attempt to shed light on the shortcomings that are surfacing as more and more studies on molecular hybridization of the active pharmacophores of known antimalarials are being published.
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Gao C, Fan J, Zhao F, Lv ZS, Feng LS. Isatin hybrids and their anti-tuberculosis activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shrestha R, Lee GJ, Lee YR. Synthesis of diverse isatins via ring contraction of 3-diazoquinoline-2,4-diones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the construction of diverse isatin derivatives was developed starting from 3-diazoquinoline-2,4-diones via ring contraction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Joon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
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Devender N, Gunjan S, Chhabra S, Singh K, Pasam VR, Shukla SK, Sharma A, Jaiswal S, Singh SK, Kumar Y, Lal J, Trivedi AK, Tripathi R, Tripathi RP. Identification of β-Amino alcohol grafted 1,4,5 trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as potent antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:187-98. [PMID: 26774925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a quest to discover new drugs, we have synthesized a series of novel β-amino alcohol grafted 1,2,3-triazoles and screened them for their in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity. Among them, compounds 16 and 25 showed potent activity against chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) strain with IC50 of 0.87 and 0.3 μM respectively, while compounds 7 and 13 exhibited better activity in vitro than the reference drug against chloroquine-resistance strain (PfK1) with IC50 of 0.5 μM each. Compound 25 showed 86.8% in vivo antimalarial efficacy with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Mechanistic studies divulged that potent compounds significantly boosted p53 protein levels to exhibit the antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalmala Devender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarika Gunjan
- Parasitology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Stuti Chhabra
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kartikey Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Venkata Reddy Pasam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Parasitology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Parasitology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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Srivastava V, Lee H. Chloroquine-based hybrid molecules as promising novel chemotherapeutic agents. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:472-86. [PMID: 25959387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory, in addition to its well-known antimalarial activity. This very useful property of CQ may be rendered through a variety of different molecular and cellular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, necrosis and lysosomal dysfunction. CQ alone may not be as effective as many well-known anticancer drugs; however, it often shows synergisticts when combined with other anticancer agents, without causing substantial ill-effects. To increase its pharmacological activity, scientists synthesized many different chloroquine derivatives by a repositioning approach, some of which show higher activities than the parental CQ. To further improve anticancer activity, medicinal chemists have recently been focusing on generating CQ hybrid molecules by joining, directly or through a linker, 4-aminoquinoline and other pharmacologically active phamarcophore(s). Indeed, some CQ hybrid molecules substantially improved anticancer activity while maintaining desirable CQ property, providing an excellent opportunity of developing effective and safe novel anticancer agents. Since the approach of developing CQ hybrid molecules has advanced much more in the antimalarial drug research, it can provide an excellent template for anticancer drug development. This review provides an overview of CQ-based hybrid molecules by focusing on: (1) the potential advantage of the hybrid approach in developing effective and safe anticancer agents; (2) what we can learn from the CQ hybrid approach used in the development of effective antimalarial agents; and (3) CQ hybrid molecules as potential anticancer agents in different categories classified based on their chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Srivastava
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Health Sciences North, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1; Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
| | - Hoyun Lee
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Health Sciences North, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1; Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
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Raj R, Saini A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of 7-chloroquinoline–chalcone and 7-chloroquinoline–ferrocenylchalcone conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:230-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jones RA, Panda SS, Hall CD. Quinine conjugates and quinine analogues as potential antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:335-55. [PMID: 25683799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, prevalent in Southeast Asia and Africa, resulting in over half a million deaths annually; efforts to develop new antimalarial agents are therefore particularly important. Quinine continues to play a role in the fight against malaria, but quinoline derivatives are more widely used. Drugs based on the quinoline scaffold include chloroquine and primaquine, which are able to act against the blood and liver stages of the parasite's life cycle. The purpose of this review is to discuss reported biologically active compounds based on either the quinine or quinoline scaffold that may have enhanced antimalarial activity. The review emphasises hybrid molecules, and covers advances made in the last five years. The review is divided into three sections: modifications to the quinine scaffold, modifications to aminoquinolines and finally metal-containing antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Jones
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Siva S Panda
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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Raj R, Land KM, Kumar V. 4-Aminoquinoline-hybridization en route towards the development of rationally designed antimalarial agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in 4-aminoquinoline-hybridization, as an attractive strategy for averting and delaying the drug resistance along with improvement in efficacy of new antimalarials, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of the Pacific
- Stockton
- USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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Kumar K, Pradines B, Madamet M, Amalvict R, Benoit N, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates: Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:801-4. [PMID: 25440881 PMCID: PMC7126053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activities against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The conjugates 5f and 5h with an optimum combination of electron-withdrawing halogen substituent at C-5 position of isatin ring and a propyl chain, introduced as linker, proved to be most potent and non-cytotoxic among the series with IC50 values of 3.76 and 4.58 μM against 3D7 and W2 strains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Marilyn Madamet
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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β-amino-alcohol tethered 4-aminoquinoline-isatin conjugates: synthesis and antimalarial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:566-73. [PMID: 25062007 PMCID: PMC7115587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-amino alcohol tethered 4-aminoquinoline-isatin conjugates were synthesized with the aim of probing their antimalarial structure activity relationship. Two of the most active conjugates (11b and 11f) exhibited antimalarial efficacy comparable to that of chloroquine, with IC50 values of 11.8 and 13.5 nM, respectively against chloroquine resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and are devoid of any cytotoxicity. Synthesis of β-amino alcohol tethered isatin 4-aminoquinoline conjugates. Antimalarial evaluation against W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Most active and non-cytotoxic conjugate exhibited an IC50 11.7 nM.
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Nisha, Tran R, Yang D, Hall D, Hopper MJ, Wrischnik LA, Land KM, Kumar V. Cu(I)Cl-promoted synthesis of novel N-alkylated isatin analogs with an extension toward isatin-4-aminoquinoline conjugates: in vitro analysis against Trichomonas vaginalis. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Activity ofcis/transAmide Rotomers of (Z)-N′-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)formohydrazide. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/760434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(Z)-N′-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)formohydrazide (2) was synthesized by the reaction of (Z)-3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one (1) with formic acid under reflux. The structure of2was characterized by IR, Mass,1H NMR, and X-ray crystal structure determination. Interestingly, compound2appeared in DMSO-d6ascisandtransamide rotomers in 25% and 75%, respectively. The X-ray analysis showed theZgeometrical isomer of2around –C=N– forcisandtransamide rotomers. The crystal of2belongs to monoclinic, space groupP21/c, witha=4.5206(1) Å,b=22.4747(7) Å,c=17.3637(5) Å,β=103.752(1)°,Z=8,V=1713.57(8) Å3,Dc=1.467 Mg m−3,μ=0.11 mm−1,F(000)=784,R=0.047, andwR=0.123for 3798 observed reflections withI>2σ(I). Compound2exhibited a moderate activity in its antimicrobial evaluation againstE. coliandP. aeruginosaand a good activity againstS. aureusclose to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Thein vitroanticancer activity of2was evaluated against two human tumor cell lines, namely, HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF-7 breast cancer. HepG2 cancer cell line was more susceptible to compound2than MCF-7.
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