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Yu X, Ren S, Zhou J, Liao Y, Huang Y, Dong H. A potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout: 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106778. [PMID: 38653341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Uric acid, the metabolic product of purines, relies on xanthine oxidase (XOD) for production. XOD is a target for the development of drugs for hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. Currently, treatment options remain limited for gout patients. 3, 4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB) is a derivative of the natural product protocatechualdehyde with good biological activity. In this work, we identify a DHNB thiosemicarbazide class of compounds that targets XOD. 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazone can effectively inhibit XOD activity (IC50 value: 0.0437 μM) and exhibits a mixed inhibitory effect. In a mouse model of acute hyperuricemia, a moderate dose (10 mg/kg.w) of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide effectively controlled the serum uric acid content and significantly inhibited serum XOD activity. In addition, 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde phenylthiosemicarbazide showed favorable safety profiles, and mice treated with the target compound did not show any symptoms of general toxicity following a single dose of 500 mg/kg. In the allopurinol group, 50 % of the mice died. These results provide a structural framework and mechanism of XOD inhibition that may facilitate the design of hyperuricemia and gout treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuaiwei Ren
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yongcui Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yousheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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2
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Rashad AY, Daabees HG, Elagawany M, Shahin M, Abdel Moneim AE, Rostom SAF. A New Avenue for Enhanced Treatment of Hyperuricemia and Oxidative Stress: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Mutual Prodrugs Involving Febuxostat Conjugated with Different Antioxidants. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106818. [PMID: 37688830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Febuxostat (FEB) is the first non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. The oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which accompany purine metabolism by XO, could contribute to cellular damage and several pathological conditions. In this view, the present work addresses the evaluation of combining the hypouricemic effect of FEB and the free radical scavenging potential of various natural antioxidants in a single chemical entity by implementing the "mutual prodrug" strategy. Accordingly, a series of five ester prodrugs containing FEB together with different naturally occurring antioxidants namely, thioctic acid (4), thymol (5), menthol (6), vanillin (7), and guaiacol (8) was synthesized. Prominently, all the chemically conjugated prodrugs (4 - 8) revealed an obvious increase in the hypouricemic and antioxidant potentials when compared with their corresponding promoieties and physical mixtures. Moreover, they showed a potential protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress, together with no cytotoxicity on normal breast cells (MCF10A). Furthermore, the in vitro chemical and enzymatic stability studies of the prodrugs (4 - 8) using a developed HPLC method, verified their stability in different pHs, and rapid hydrolysis in rabbit plasma and liver homogenate to their parent metabolites. Moreover, the prodrugs (4 - 8) showed higher lipophilicity and lower aqueous solubility when compared to the parent drugs. Finally, the obtained merits from the implementation of the mutual prodrug strategy would encourage further application in the development of promising candidates with high therapeutic efficacy and improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Y Rashad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Hoda G Daabees
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elagawany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sherif A F Rostom
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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3
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Magdy Abbass L, Atia Sadeek S, Abd El-Raouf Aziz M, Abd-allah Zordok W, Saeed El-Attar M. Synthesis of some new nanoparticles mixed metal complexes of febuxostat in presence of 2,2′-bipyridine: Characterization, DFT, antioxidant and molecular docking activities. J Mol Liq 2023; 386:122460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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4
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, Docking Studies and Molecular Dynamic of Some Novel Phenyl Thiazole Analogs as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Zhai N, Chen Y, Wang C, Wu F, Luo X, Ju X, Liu H, Liu G. A multiscale screening strategy for the identification of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors based on the pharmacological features of febuxostat analogues. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two compounds as potential XOI hits were identified by a novel screening strategy based on the pharmacophores of well-known scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
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6
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Febuxostat-based amides and some derived heterocycles targeting xanthine oxidase and COX inhibition. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation, molecular modeling and in silico ADMET studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104948. [PMID: 34052736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various febuxostat derivatives comprising carboxamide functionalities and different substituted heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. All the tested compounds exhibited variable in vitro XO inhibitory activities (IC50 values 0.009-0.077 µM), among which the analog 17 has emerged as the most potent derivative (IC50 0.009 µM), representing nearly 3-times the potency of febuxostat (IC50 0.026 µM). The same analogs were further investigated for their in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity, where fifteen analogs demonstrated recognizable COX-2 inhibitory potential (IC50 values range 0.04 - 0.1 µM), when correlated with celecoxib (IC50 0.05 µM), together with appreciable selectivity indices. Compounds 5a, 14b, 17, 19c, 19e and 21b that showed significant in vitro XO and/ or COX inhibitory potentials were further investigated for their in vivo hypouricemic as well as anti-inflammatory activities. Interestingly, the in vivo results were concordant with the collected in vitro data. Docking of compounds 5a, 14b, 17, 19c, 19e and 21b with the active sites of XO and COX-2 isozymes demonstrated superior binding profile compared with the reported ligands (febuxostat and celecoxib, respectively). Their docking scores were reasonable and cohering to a great extent with their corresponding in vitro IC50 values. Moreover, in silico computation of the predicted pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties (ADMET), together with the ligand efficiency (LE) of the same six compounds suggesting their liability to act as new orally active drug candidates with a predicted high safety profile.
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7
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Kamat V, Santosh R, Poojary B, Nayak SP, Kumar BK, Sankaranarayanan M, Faheem, Khanapure S, Barretto DA, Vootla SK. Pyridine- and Thiazole-Based Hydrazides with Promising Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities along with Their In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25228-25239. [PMID: 33043201 PMCID: PMC7542836 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A new class of compounds formed by the linkage of -C(O)-NH- with pyridine and thiazole moieties was designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectral approaches. The newly characterized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated by denaturation of the bovine serum albumin method and showed inhibition in the range of IC50 values-46.29-100.60 μg/mL. Among all the tested compounds, compound 5l has the highest IC50 value and compound 5g has the least IC50 value. On the other hand, antimicrobial results revealed that compound 5j showed the lowest MIC values and compound 5a has the highest MIC values. Furthermore, molecular docking of the active compounds demonstrated a better docking score and interacted well with the target protein. Physicochemical parameters of the titled compounds were found suitable in the reference range only. The in silico molecular docking study revealed their COX-inhibitory action. Compound 5j emerged as a significant bioactive molecule among the synthesized analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinuta Kamat
- Department
of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Rangappa Santosh
- Department
of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department
of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh P. Nayak
- Department
of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Faheem
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sheela Khanapure
- Department
of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka
University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Delicia Avilla. Barretto
- Department
of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka
University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam K. Vootla
- Department
of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka
University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
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8
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Singh JV, Bedi PMS, Singh H, Sharma S. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: patent landscape and clinical development (2015–2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:769-780. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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9
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Abdizadeh R, Heidarian E, Hadizadeh F, Abdizadeh T. Investigation of pyrimidine analogues as xanthine oxidase inhibitors to treat of hyperuricemia and gout through combined QSAR techniques, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Dong C, Montes M, Al-Sawai WM. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition – A review of computational aspect. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) exists in a variety of organisms from bacteria to humans and catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to uric acid. Excessive uric acid could lead to gout and hyperuricemia. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent computational studies on xanthine oxidase inhibition. Computational methods, such as molecular dynamics (molecular mechanics), quantum mechanics, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), have been employed to investigate the binding affinity of xanthine oxidase with synthesized and isolated nature inhibitors. The limitations of different computational methods for xanthine oxidase inhibition studies were also discussed. Implications of the computational approach could be used to help to understand the existing arguments on substrate/product orientation in xanthine oxidase inhibition, which allows designing new inhibitors with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
| | - Milka Montes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
| | - Wael M. Al-Sawai
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
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Gao J, Liu X, Zhang B, Mao Q, Zhang Z, Zou Q, Dai X, Wang S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-alkyl-5/6-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitriles as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Patent highlights, August-September 2019. Pharm Pat Anal 2020; 9:9-16. [PMID: 32008423 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of recent noteworthy developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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Novel 3-[4-alkoxy-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Thiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and molecular modeling studies. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Zhang B, Dai X, Bao Z, Mao Q, Duan Y, Yang Y, Wang S. Targeting the subpocket in xanthine oxidase: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-[4-alkoxy-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111559. [PMID: 31376568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase is an important target for the treatment of hyperuricemia, gout and other related diseases. Analysis of the high-resolution structure of xanthine oxidase with febuxostat identified the existence of a subpocket formed by the residues Leu648, Asn768, Lys771, Leu1014 and Pro1076. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 2-[4-alkoxy-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives (8a-8z) with a tetrazole group targeting this subpocket of the xanthine oxidase active site, and they were further evaluated for their inhibitory potency against xanthine oxidase in vitro. The results showed that all the tested compounds (8a-8z) exhibited an apparent xanthine oxidase inhibitory potency, with IC50 values ranging from 0.0288 μM to 0.629 μM. Among them, compound 8u emerged as the most potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.0288 μM, which was comparable to febuxostat (IC50 = 0.0236 μM). The structure-activity relationship results revealed that the hydrophobic group at the 4'-position was indispensable for the inhibitory potency in vitro against xanthine oxidase. A Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the representative compound 8u acted as a mixed-type inhibitor for xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies were performed to gain insights into the binding mode of 8u with xanthine oxidase and suggested that the tetrazole group of the phenyl unit was accommodated in the subpocket, as expected. Moreover, a potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia model in rats was chosen to further confirm the hypouricemic effect of compound 8u, and the result demonstrated that compound 8u could effectively reduce serum uric acid levels at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg. In addition, acute oral toxicity study in mice indicated that compound 8u was nontoxic and tolerated at a dose up to 2000 mg/kg. Thus, compound 8u could be a potential and efficacious agent in treatment of hyperuricemia with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yulin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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16
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Tang H, Zhao D. Studies of febuxostat analogues as xanthine oxidase inhibitors through 3D-QSAR, Topomer CoMFA and molecular modeling. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Ali MR, Kumar S, Shalmali N, Afzal O, Azim S, Chanana D, Alam O, Paudel YN, Sharma M, Bawa S. Development of Thiazole-5-carboxylate Derivatives as Selective Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase as Target in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:410-423. [PMID: 29962341 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180702103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The signalling function of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in endocannabinoid system is delineated by Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL readdresses the lipid stores in the direction of pro-tumorigenic signalling lipids in cancer cells. Selective as well as potent MAGL inhibitors are limited in number hence their continuous development may lead to a breakthrough invention in the field of MAGL inhibitors. In succession of the above, we have synthesised 2-amino-4- methylthiazole-5-carboxylate derivatives and characterised them by collective use of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analysis. METHODOLOGY Thirteen compounds (3c-g, 4c, 4e, 4f and 6b-f) inhibited MAGL with IC50 value 0.037- 9.60 µM. Two compounds (3g and 4c) were found to be most potent with IC50 values 0.037 and 0.063µM, respectively. Thirty synthesised compounds were sent to NCI for anticancer screening, out of which nine compounds were selected for one dose anticancer assay. Compounds 3g (NSC:788170) and 4c (NSC:788176)were found to be the most potent during one dose anticancer screening and fulfilled the specified threshold for growth inhibition criteria of NCI and were further selected for full panel five dose assay at 10-fold dilutions of five different concentrations. CONCLUSION Compound 3g displayed GI50 value 0.865 μM against EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line), and 1.20 µM against MDA-MB-468 (Breast Cancer cell Line), while (4c) showed GI50 value 0.34 and 0.96 µM against HOP-92 and EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line) and 1.08 µM against MDA-MB-231/ATCC(Breast Cancer cell Line). In addition, molecular docking studies of the said MAGL inhibitors have also been presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahmat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Nishtha Shalmali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sabir Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Damini Chanana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Luna G, Dolzhenko AV, Mancera RL. Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase: Scaffold Diversity and Structure-Based Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:714-743. [PMID: 30740924 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of purines and their conversion into uric acid. XO is thus the target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. For more than 50 years the only XO inhibitor drug available on the market was the purine analogue allopurinol. In the last decade there has been a resurgence in the search for new inhibitors of XO, as the activity of XO and hyperuricemia have also been associated with a variety of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. In recent years the non-purine inhibitor febuxostat was approved in Europe and the USA for the treatment of hyperuricemia. This drug was followed by another XO inhibitor called topiroxostat. This review discusses the molecular structures and activities of the multiple classes of inhibitors that have been developed since the discovery of allopurinol, with a brief review of the molecular interactions between inhibitors and XO active site residues for the most important molecules. The challenges ahead for the discovery of new inhibitors of XO with novel chemical structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Luna
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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Sun J, Mei H. Quantitative Prediction of Thiazole Derivatives as Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University of Arts and Science; Sichuan Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Hu Mei
- College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 China
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Li M, Yu Y, Liu J, Chen Z, Cao S. Investigation of the interaction between benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone compounds and xanthine oxidase. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Roslan II, Ng KH, Gondal MA, Basheer C, Dastageer MA, Jaenicke S, Chuah GK. Visible Light-Mediated Coupling of Thioureas and 1,3-Dicarbonyls: Towards a Leaving Group-Free Synthesis of Aminothiazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Iskandar Roslan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Kian-Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Gondal
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- Chemistry Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dastageer
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Gaik-Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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22
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Zhang TJ, Li SY, Yuan WY, Zhang Y, Meng FH. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of N
-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-carbonyl)amino acid derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:893-901. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Song-Ye Li
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Wei-Yan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Paudel YN, Ali MR, Bawa S, Shah S, Adil M, Siddiqui A, Basheer AS, Hassan MQ, Sharma M. Evaluation of 4-methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid against hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses and β-cell damage in the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:163-174. [PMID: 29233026 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117692133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
4-Methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (bioactive compound (BAC)), a novel thiazole derivative, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and free radical scavenging agent. Effects of BAC on hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats where NIDDM was induced in neonatal pups with single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg). The effect of BAC (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks was evaluated by the determination of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c level, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and oxidative stress were estimated in serum and pancreatic tissue, respectively. Significant alteration in the level of blood glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, in addition variation in the antioxidant status and inflammatory mediators, and alteration in histoarchitecture of pancreatic tissue confirmed the potential of BAC in STZ-induced neonatal models of NIDDM rats. Pretreatment with BAC restored the level of glucose by decreasing the IR and increasing the insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, BAC balanced the antioxidant status and preserved the inflammatory mediators. Histological studies of pancreatic tissues showed normal architecture after BAC administration to diabetic rats. Altogether, our results suggest that BAC successfully reduces the blood glucose level and possesses antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities. This leads to decreased histological damage in diabetic pancreatic tissues, suggesting the possibility of future diabetes treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Paudel
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M R Ali
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bawa
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Shah
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Adil
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A Siddiqui
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A S Basheer
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Q Hassan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M Sharma
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Paudel YN, Ali MR, Shah S, Adil M, Akhtar MS, Wadhwa R, Bawa S, Sharma M. 2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl) amino]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid exhibits antidiabetic potential and raises insulin sensitivity via amelioration of oxidative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin˗induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:651-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ali MR, Kumar S, Afzal O, Shalmali N, Ali W, Sharma M, Bawa S. 2-Benzamido-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Potential Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Free Radical Scavengers. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28133790 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The new chemical entities febuxostat and topiroxostat have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, opening new avenues for exploiting different heterocycles other than purines as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. A different series of substituted 2-benzamido-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives (5a-r) was synthesized and characterized by the collective use of IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopy, for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. In vitro studies of the synthesized derivatives revealed that the presence of a fluoro group at the para position in 5b (IC50 = 0.57 μm) and a chloro group in 5c (IC50 = 0.91 μm) signifies excellent XO inhibitory activity among the series, along with their DPPH free radial scavenging activity. In vivo serum uric acid inhibition studies established that 5b and 5c displayed 62 and 53% uric acid inhibition, respectively. Studies on enzyme kinetics indicated that 5b acts as a mixed type inhibitor. In silico prediction by various softwares also helped in the recognition of potent XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahmat Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nishtha Shalmali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Wazid Ali
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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26
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Ojha R, Singh J, Ojha A, Singh H, Sharma S, Nepali K. An updated patent review: xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout (2011-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:311-345. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1261111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ojha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Rayat-Bahara group of Institutes, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Anu Ojha
- Department of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Alam MJ, Alam O, Khan SA, Naim MJ, Islamuddin M, Deora GS. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, COX1/2-inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies of hybrid pyrazole analogues. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3529-3543. [PMID: 27826185 PMCID: PMC5096746 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological activity of a new series of hybrid pyrazole analogues: 5a–5u. Among the series 5a–5u, the compounds 5u and 5s exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity of 80.63% and 78.09% and inhibition of 80.87% and 76.56% compared with the standard drug ibuprofen, which showed 81.32% and 79.23% inhibition after 3 and 4 hours, respectively. On the basis of in vivo studies, 12 compounds were selected for assessment of their in vitro inhibitory action against COX1/2 and TNFα. The compounds 5u and 5s showed high COX2-inhibitory activity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.79 and 2.51 μM and selectivity index values of 72.73 and 65.75, respectively, comparable to celecoxib (selectivity index =78.06). These selected compounds were also tested for TNFα, cytotoxicity, and ulcerogenicity. Docking studies were also carried out to determine possible interactions of the potent compounds (5u and 5s), which also showed high docking scores of −12.907 and −12.24 compared to celecoxib, with a −9.924 docking score. These selective COX2 inhibitors were docked into the active site of COX2, and showed the same orientation and binding mode to that of celecoxib (selective COX2 inhibitor). Docking studies also showed that the SO2NH2 of 5u and 5s is inserted deep inside the selective pocket of the COX2-active site and formed a hydrogen-bond interaction with His90, Arg513, Phe518, Ser353, Gln192, and Ile517, which was further validated by superimposed docked pose with celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozair Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
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