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Özer Y, Cansever MŞ, Turan H, Bayramoğlu E, Bingöl Aydın D, İşat E, Ceyhun E, Zubarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ, Kıykım E, Evliyaoğlu O. Pteridine and tryptophan pathways in children with type 1 diabetes: Isoxanthopterin as an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116072. [PMID: 38437786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its complications are known to be associated with oxidative stress. Pteridine derivatives and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity can be used as biomarkers in the evaluation of oxidative stress. In this study, our aim is to compare the concentrations of serum and urinary pteridine derivatives, as well as serum IDO activity, in children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D and those in a healthy control group. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed and included 93 patients with T1D and 71 healthy children. Serum and urine biopterin, neopterin, monapterin, pterin, isoxanthopterin, and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (6PTC) and serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels were analyzed and compared with healthy controls. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of pteridine derivatives, tryptophan, and kynurenine. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a marker of oxidative stress, was defined by measurement of serum and urine isoxanthopterin. As an indicator of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, the ratio of serum kynurenine/tryptophan was used. RESULTS Serum isoxanthopterin and tryptophan concentrations were increased, and serum 6PTC concentration was decreased in children with T1D (p=0.01, p=0.021, p<0.001, respectively). In children with T1D, IDO activity was not different from healthy controls (p>0.05). Serum neopterin level and duration of diabetes were weakly correlated (p=0.045, r=0.209); urine neopterin/creatinine and isoxanthopterin/creatinine levels were weakly correlated with HbA1c levels (p=0.005, r=0.305; p=0.021, r=0.249, respectively). Urine pterin/creatinine level negatively correlated with body mass index-SDS. (p=0.015, r=-0.208). CONCLUSION We found for the first time that isoxanthopterin levels increased and 6PTC levels decreased in children and adolescents with T1D. Elevated isoxanthopterin levels suggest that the XO activity is increased in TID. Increased XO activity may be an indicator of vascular complications reflecting T1D-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Özer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Şerif Cansever
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bingöl Aydın
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra İşat
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Ceyhun
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tanyel Zubarioğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zheng F, Mai S, Cen X, Zhao P, Ye W, Ke J, Lin S, Hu H, Guo Z, Zhang S, Liao H, Wu T, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Pang J, Zhao Z. Discovery of digallic acid as XOD/URAT1 dual target inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107381. [PMID: 38669781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of XOD/URAT1 dual target inhibitors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of hyperuricemia. Here, through virtual screening, we have identified digallic acid as a novel dual target inhibitor of XOD/URAT1 and subsequently evaluated its pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities. Digallic acid inhibited URAT1 with an IC50 of 5.34 ± 0.65 μM, which is less potent than benzbromarone (2.01 ± 0.36 μM) but more potent than lesinurad (10.36 ± 1.23 μM). Docking and mutation analysis indicated that residues S35, F241 and R477 of URAT1 confer a high affinity for digallic acid. Digallic acid inhibited XOD with an IC50 of 1.04 ± 0.23 μM. Its metabolic product, gallic acid, inhibited XOD with an IC50 of 0.91 ± 0.14 μM. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that both digallic acid and gallic acid act as mixed-type XOD inhibitors. It shares the same binding mode as digallic acid, and residues E802, R880, F914, T1010, N768 and F1009 contribute to their high affinity. The anion group (carboxyl) of digallic acid contribute significantly to its inhibition activity on both XOD and URAT1 as indicated by docking analysis. Remarkably, at a dosage of 10 mg/kg in vivo, digallic acid exhibited a stronger urate-lowering and uricosuric effect compared to the positive drug benzbromarone and lesinurad. Pharmacokinetic study indicated that digallic acid can be hydrolyzed into gallic acid in vivo and has a t1/2 of 0.77 ± 0.10 h. Further toxicity evaluation indicated that digallic acid exhibited no obvious renal toxicity, as reflected by CCK-8, biochemical analysis (CR and BUN) and HE examination. The findings of our study can provide valuable insights for the development of XOD/URAT1 dual target inhibitors, and digallic acid deserves further investigation as a potential anti-hyperuricemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suiqing Mai
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cen
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiale Ke
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiqin Lin
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Hu
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zean Zhao
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chaudhary A, He Z, Atwood DJ, Miyazaki M, Oto OA, Davidoff A, Edelstein CL. Raising serum uric acid with a uricase inhibitor worsens PKD in rat and mouse models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38634129 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00372.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are predisposed to gout because they lack uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin. Rodents have uricase, resulting in low basal serum uric acid. A uricase inhibitor raises serum uric acid in rodents. There were 2 aims of the study in polycystic kidney disease (PKD): 1) to determine whether increasing serum uric acid with the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid, resulted in faster cyst growth and 2) to determine whether treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol, reduced the cyst growth caused by oxonic acid. Orthologous models of human PKD were used: PCK rats, a polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (Pkhd1) gene model of autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) and Pkd1RC/RC mice, a hypomorphic Pkd1 gene model. In PCK rats and Pkd1RC/RC mice, oxonic acid resulted in a significant increase in serum uric acid, kidney weight and cyst index. Mechanisms of increased cyst growth that were investigated were pro-inflammatory cytokines, the inflammasome and crystal deposition in the kidney. Oxonic acid resulted in an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney in Pkd1RC/RC mice. Oxonic acid did not cause activation of the inflammasome or uric acid crystal deposition in the kidney. In Pkd1RC/RC male and female mice analyzed together, oxypurinol decreased the oxonic acid-induced increase in cyst index. In summary, increasing serum uric acid by inhibiting uricase with oxonic acid results in an increase in kidney weight and cyst index in PCK rats and Pkd1RC/RC mice. The effect is independent of inflammasome activation or crystal deposition in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Chaudhary
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Zhibin He
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel J Atwood
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Auroa, CO, United States
| | - Ozgur A Oto
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Allen Davidoff
- XORTX Therapeutics Inc, XORTX Therapeutics Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Wang K, Cui H, Liu K, He Q, Fu X, Li W, Han W. Exploring the anti-gout potential of sunflower receptacles alkaloids: A computational and pharmacological analysis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108252. [PMID: 38493604 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Gout, a painful condition marked by elevated uric acid levels often linked to the diet's high purine and alcohol content, finds a potential treatment target in xanthine oxidase (XO), a crucial enzyme for uric acid production. This study explores the therapeutic properties of alkaloids extracted from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) receptacles against gout. By leveraging computational chemistry and introducing a novel R-based clustering algorithm, "TriDimensional Hierarchical Fingerprint Clustering with Tanimoto Representative Selection (3DHFC-TRS)," we assessed 231 alkaloid molecules from sunflower receptacles. Our clustering analysis pinpointed six alkaloids with significant gout-targeting potential, particularly emphasizing the fifth cluster's XO inhibition capabilities. Through molecular docking and the BatchDTA prediction model, we identified three top compounds-2-naphthylalanine, medroxalol, and fenspiride-with the highest XO affinity. Further molecular dynamics simulations assessed their enzyme active site interactions and binding free energies, employing MM-PBSA calculations. This investigation not only highlights the discovery of promising compounds within sunflower receptacle alkaloids via LC-MS but also introduces medroxalol as a novel gout treatment candidate, showcasing the synergy of computational techniques and LC-MS in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China
| | - Huizi Cui
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China
| | - Qizheng He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China
| | - Wannan Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China.
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Qianjin road 2699, China.
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Chen X, Zeng Q, Tao L, Yuan J, Hang J, Lu G, Shao J, Li Y, Yu H. Machine Learning-Based Clinical Prediction Models for Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Serum Xanthine Oxidase Levels. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:e695-e707. [PMID: 38340801 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early prediction of the onset, progression and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is helpful for treatment decision-making and proactive management. Although several biomarkers have been found to predict the progression and prognosis of AIS, these biomarkers have not been widely used in routine clinical practice. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widespread in various organs of the human body and plays an important role in redox reactions and ischemia‒reperfusion injury. Our previous studies have shown that serum XO levels on admission have certain clinical predictive value for AIS. The purpose of this study was to utilize serum XO levels and clinical data to establish machine learning models for predicting the onset, progression, and prognosis of AIS. METHODS We enrolled 328 consecutive patients with AIS and 107 healthy controls from October 2020 to September 2021. Serum XO levels and stroke-related clinical data were collected. We established 5 machine learning models-the logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) models-to predict the onset, progression, and prognosis of AIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were used to evaluate the predictive performance of each model. RESULTS Among the 5 machine learning models predicting AIS onset, the AUROC values of 4 prediction models were over 0.7, while that of the KNN model was lower (AUROC = 0.6708, 95% CI 0.576-0.765). The LR model showed the best AUROC value (AUROC = 0.9586, 95% CI 0.927-0.991). Although the 5 machine learning models showed relatively poor predictive value for the progression of AIS (all AUROCs <0.7), the LR model still showed the highest AUROC value (AUROC = 0.6543, 95% CI 0.453-0.856). We compared the value of 5 machine learning models in predicting the prognosis of AIS, and the LR model showed the best predictive value (AUROC = 0.8124, 95% CI 0.715-0.910). CONCLUSIONS The tested machine learning models based on serum levels of XO could predict the onset and prognosis of AIS. Among the 5 machine learning models, we found that the LR model showed the best predictive performance. Machine learning algorithms improve accuracy in the early diagnosis of AIS and can be used to make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zeng
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luhang Tao
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Echocardiography, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Lu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
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Javed C, Noreen R, Niazi SG, Kiyani MM, Ul Ain Q. Anti-gouty arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin nanoparticles in monosodium urate crystals induced Balb/C mice. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01450-x. [PMID: 38556563 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by the accumulation of urate crystals in the synovial joints. These crystal depositions result in joint swelling and increased concentration of serum uric acid in blood. The commercially available drugs lower serum uric acid levels and reduce inflammation, but these standard therapies have many side effects. This study aimed to investigate anti-gout and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs). For this purpose, CNPs were prepared by dissolving curcumin into dichloromethane. Then, gout was induced by injecting monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the ankle joint and in the intra-peritoneal cavity which caused ankle swelling and increased blood uric acid levels. CNPs in different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm) and allopurinol were orally administered. The MSU crystals increased the xanthine oxidase levels both in serum and the liver. Moreover, MSU crystals increased the serum levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, liver function tests markers, renal function tests markers, and lipid profiles. However, the administration of CNPs decreased the levels of all these variables. CNPs increased the serum high-density lipoprotein and interleukin-10 levels. Moreover, CNPs also reduced ankle swelling significantly. Hence, the levels of xanthine oxidase, uric acid and ankle swelling were reduced significantly by oral administration of CNPs. Our findings indicate that CNPs through their anti-inflammatory properties significantly alleviate gouty arthritis. Thus, the study concluded that CNPs can be developed as an efficient anti-gout agent with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Razia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Samia Gul Niazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubin Mustafa Kiyani
- Shifa College of Medical Technology, Shifa Tameer e Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Liu WW, Dong HJ, Zhang Z, Ma XH, Liu S, Huang W, Wang X. Analyzing chemical composition of Sargentodoxae caulis water extract and their hypouricemia effect in hyperuricemic mice. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105926. [PMID: 38537887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease characterized by the increase of serum uric acid (UA) level. Sargentodoxae Caulis (SC) is a commonly used herbal medicine for the treatment of gouty arthritis, traumatic swelling, and rheumatic arthritis in clinic. In this study, a total of fifteen compounds were identified in SC water extract using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, including three phenolic acids, seven phenolic glycosides, four organic acids, and one lignan. Then, to study the hypouricemia effect of SC, a HUA mouse model was induced using a combination of PO, HX, and 20% yeast feed. After 14 days of treatment with the SC water extract, the levels of serum UA, creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were reduced significantly, and the organ indexes were restored, the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were inhibited as well. Meanwhile, SC water extract could ameliorate the pathological status of kidneys and intestine of HUA mice. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting results showed that SC water extract could increase the expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), whereas decrease the expression of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9). This study provided a data support for the clinical application of SC in the treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Hong-Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xin-Hui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China.
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Ahlawat J, Sharma M, Pundir CS. Advances in xanthine biosensors and sensors: A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110377. [PMID: 38147782 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine is derived from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase (XOD), a flavoprotein containing molybdenum and non-haem iron, sulfur and from guanine by guanine deaminase enzyme. Xanthine is oxidized into uric acid by XOD. Xanthine is used as an indicator of fish freshness, based on the reactions in which ATP is degraded into xanthine and its quantity increases with time of fish death. Fresh fish meat is required in food industry for making high quality items. The determination of xanthine in biological fluids is also used in diagnosing and curing many diseases like renal failure, gout, xanthinuria, hyperuricemia. Various methods are available for detection of xanthine but most of them are complicated, time consuming less sensitive & specific and require expensive instrumental setup and trained person to operate. Enzyme based biosensors and non enzymic sensors overcome these disadvantages, as these are simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and easy to operate. Present review describes xanthine biosensors, which work optimally between pH 3.5-9.0, temperature 25 °C-65 °C, xanthine concentration ranging from 0.001-50 × 104 µM. These biosensors have also been used to measure xanthine concentration in beverages, urine and serum samples. Various modified electrodes have been discussed for the detection of xanthine using both enzymatic and non-enzymatic approaches in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana, India
| | - Minakshi Sharma
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana, India.
| | - Chandra S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana, India.
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9
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Kumar N, Kaur K, Kaur N, Singh E, Bedi PMS. Pathology, target discovery, and the evolution of XO inhibitors from the first discovery to recent advances (2020-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107042. [PMID: 38118298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disease characterized by elevation of serum uric acid level beyond 6 mg/dL. This elevation led to appearance of symptoms from joint pain to gout and from gout to difficulty in mobility of the patient. So, in this review, we have summarized the pathology of hyperuricemia, discovery of target and discovery of first XO inhibitor. At last, this review provides in-sights about the recently discovered as natural XO inhibitors, followed by design, structure activity relationship and biological activity of synthetic compounds as XO inhibitors discovered between 2020 and 2023 years. At last, the pharmacophores generated in this study will guide new researchers to design and modify the structure of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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10
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Du J, Wang N, Yu D, He P, Gao Y, Tu Y, Li Y. Data mining-guided alleviation of hyperuricemia by Paeonia veitchii Lynch through inhibition of xanthine oxidase and regulation of renal urate transporters. Phytomedicine 2024; 124:155305. [PMID: 38176275 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease characterized by a high level of uric acid (UA). The extensive historical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a range of herbs and prescriptions used for the treatment of HUA-related disorders. However, the core herbs in the prescriptions and their mechanisms have not been sufficiently explained. PURPOSE Our current investigation aimed to estimate the anti-HUA effect and mechanisms of Paeonia veitchii Lynch, an herb with high use frequency identified from data mining of TCM prescriptions. METHODS Prescriptions for HUA/gout treatment were statistically analyzed through a data mining approach to determine the common nature and use frequency of their composition herbs. The chemical constituents of Paeonia veitchii extract (PVE) were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, while its UA-lowering effect was further evaluated in adenosine-induced liver cells and potassium oxonate (PO) and hypoxanthine (HX)-induced HUA mice. RESULTS A total of 225 prescriptions involving 246 herbs were sorted out. The properties, flavors and meridians of the appearing herbs were mainly cold, bitter and liver, respectively, while their efficacy was primarily concentrated on clearing heat and dispelling wind. Further usage frequency analysis yielded the top 20 most commonly used herbs, in which PVE presented significant inhibitory activity (IC50 = 131.33 µg/ml) against xanthine oxidase (XOD), and its constituents showed strong binding with XOD in a molecular docking study and further were experimentally validated through XOD enzymatic inhibition and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). PVE (50 to 200 μg/ml) dose-dependently decreased UA levels by inhibiting XOD expression and activity in BRL 3A liver cells. In HUA mice, oral administration of PVE exhibited a significant UA-lowering effect, which was attributed to the reduction of UA production by inhibiting XOD activity and expression, as well as the enhancement of UA excretion by regulating renal urate transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2). Noticeably, all doses of PVE treatment did not cause any liver injury, and displayed a renal protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results first comprehensively clarified the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of PVE against HUA through suppressing UA production and promoting UA excretion with hepatic and renal protection, suggesting that PVE could be a promising UA-lowering candidate with a desirable safety profile for the treatment of HUA and prevention of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Pei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yanbei Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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11
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Li L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shan S, Wu T, Niu Y, Xu Y. Single substrate-functionalized molybdenum oxide nanozyme for specific colorimetric monitoring of xanthine oxidase activity. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:99. [PMID: 38228947 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Xanthine-functionalized molybdenum oxide nanodots (X-MoO3-x NDs) with peroxidase (POD)-like activity were developed for selective, sensitive, and facile colorimetric quantification of xanthine oxidase (XO). Xanthine functionalization can not only be favorable for the successful nanozyme preparation, but also for the specific recognition of XO as well as the simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide, which was subsequently transformed into hydroxyl radical to oxidize the chromogenic reagent based on the POD-like catalysis. Under the optimized conditions, the colorimetric biosensing platform was established for XO assay without addition of further substrates, showing good linearity relationship between absorbance difference (ΔA) and XO concentrations in the range 0.05-0.5 U/mL (R2 = 0.998) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.019 U/mL. The quantification of XO occurs in 25 min, which is superior to the previously reported and commercial XO assays. The proposed method has been successfully used in the assay of human serum samples, showing its high potential in the field of clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, School of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, School of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shuo Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Tianming Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, School of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yusheng Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, School of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, School of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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12
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Cao Y, Song Y, Wei T, Feng T, Li M, Xue C, Xu J. MnO 2 in-situ coated upconversion nanosystem for turn-on fluorescence detection of hypoxanthine in aquatic products. Food Chem 2024; 431:137131. [PMID: 37579612 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxanthine concentration is a potential indicator to evaluate the freshness in the early post-mortem of several aquatic products. Based on MnO2 in-situ coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and xanthine oxidase (XOD), a novel sensor was conducted for the efficient, sensitive determination of hypoxanthine. In this strategy, upconversion fluorescence quenched by MnO2 would be restored by H2O2 and uric acid (UA), two products from the XOD-catalyzed reactions of hypoxanthine. Through pretreatment with short-time heating and alkylation by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to avoid potential interference from reducing substances in the food matrix, this method exhibited satisfactory selectivity. The fluorescence intensity of green emission Igreen was positively proportional to hypoxanthine concentration at a wide range of 0.5-50 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.14 mg/L. Moreover, this convenient method was employed to quantify the hypoxanthine in fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples, showing excellent potential for the application in quality control of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Tingting Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Tingyu Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Meihuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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13
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Jiang X, Liu W, Li Y, Zhu W, Liu H, Wen Y, Bai R, Luo X, Zhang G, Zhao Y. WO 3 nanosheets with peroxidase-like activity and carbon dots based ratiometric fluorescent strategy for xanthine oxidase activity sensing and inhibitor screening. Talanta 2024; 267:125129. [PMID: 37666084 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal level of xanthine oxidase (XOD) often causes pathological changes, which are related to a series of diseases. Herein, a novel and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform based on WO3 nanosheets and carbon dots (CDs) was constructed to detect XOD activity for the first time. Under the catalytic oxidation of xanthine by XOD, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was generated. In the presence of H2O2, WO3 nanosheets were able to catalyze the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine to generate 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) with a yellow fluorescence signal at 570 nm due to its great peroxidase-like activity. The oxidation product DAP was capable of quenching the fluorescence of CDs at 430 nm through the inner filter effect. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity ratio F570/F430 can be used for quantitative analysis of XOD activity. This assay displayed good linear relationships in the range of 0.005-0.05 U/L and 0.5-40 U/L with a detection limit of 0.002 U/L. In addition, this ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform was successfully applied to the determination of XOD in human serum samples and XOD inhibitor screening, demonstrating significant potential in disease diagnosis and drug-screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wanglisha Zhu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yulu Wen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Ruyu Bai
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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14
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Sanchez C, Campeau A, Liu-Bryan R, Mikuls T, O'Dell J, Gonzalez D, Terkeltaub R. Sustained xanthine oxidase inhibitor treat to target urate lowering therapy rewires a tight inflammation serum protein interactome. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3770277. [PMID: 38260556 PMCID: PMC10802734 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3770277/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Effective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition (XOI) urate-lowering treatment (ULT) to target significantly reduces gout flare burden and synovitis between 1-2 years therapy, without clearing all monosodium urate crystal deposits. Paradoxically, treat to target ULT is associated with increased flare activity for at least 1 year in duration on average, before gout flare burden decreases. Since XOI has anti-inflammatory effects, we tested for biomarkers of sustained, effective ULT that alters gouty inflammation. Methods We characterized the proteome of febuxostat-treated murine bone marrow macrophages. Blood samples (baseline and 48 weeks ULT) were analyzed by unbiased proteomics in febuxostat and allopurinol ULT responders from two, independent, racially and ethnically distinct comparative effectiveness trial cohorts (n=19, n=30). STRING-db and multivariate analyses supplemented determinations of significantly altered proteins via Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank testing. Results The proteome of cultured IL-1b-stimulated macrophages revealed febuxostat-induced anti-inflammatory changes, including for classical and alternative pathway complement activation pathways. At 48 weeks ULT, with altered purine metabolism confirmed by serum metabolomics, serum urate dropped >30%, to normal (<6.8 mg/dL) in all the studied patients. Overall, flares declined from baseline. Treated gout patient sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed significantly altered proteins (p<0.05) in clustering and proteome networks. CRP was not a useful therapy response biomarker. By comparison, significant serum proteome changes included decreased complement C8 heterotrimer C8A and C8G chains essential for C5b-9 membrane attack complex assembly and function; increase in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation promoter vimentin; increased urate crystal phagocytosis inhibitor sCD44; increased gouty inflammation pro-resolving mediator TGFB1; decreased phagocyte-recruiting chemokine PPBP/CXCL7, and increased monocyte/macrophage-expressed keratin-related proteins (KRT9,14,16) further validated by PBMC proteomics. STRING-db analyses of significantly altered serum proteins from both cohorts revealed a tight interactome network including central mediators of gouty inflammation (eg, IL-1B, CXCL8, IL6, C5). Conclusions Rewiring of inflammation mediators in a tight serum protein interactome was a biomarker of sustained XOI-based ULT that effectively reduced serum urate and gout flares. Monitoring of the serum and PBMC proteome, including for changes in the complement pathway could help determine onset and targets of anti-inflammatory changes in response to effective, sustained XOI-based ULT.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02579096.
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15
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Chen J, Yu S, He Z, Zhu D, Cai X, Ruan Z, Jin N. Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by 4-nitrocinnamic Acid: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations and Docking Simulations. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:477-487. [PMID: 37345239 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230621141014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have gained significant attention in recent medicinal research due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. However, the effects of these compounds on xanthine oxidase (XO) have not been systematically investigated, and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study was to screen 18 compounds and identify the XO inhibitor with the strongest inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we aimed to study the inhibitory mechanism of the identified compound. Methods: The effects of the inhibitors on XO were evaluated using kinetic analysis, docking simulations, and in vivo study. Among the compounds tested, 4-NA was discovered as the first XO inhibitor and exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects, with an IC50 value of 23.02 ± 0.12 μmol/L. The presence of the nitro group in 4-NA was found to be essential for enhancing XO inhibition. The kinetic study revealed that 4-NA inhibited XO in a reversible and noncompetitive manner. Moreover, fluorescence spectra analysis demonstrated that 4-NA could spontaneously form complexes with XO, referred to as 4-NA-XO complexes, with the negative values of △H and ΔS. Results: This suggests that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play crucial roles in the binding process. Molecular docking studies further supported the kinetic analysis and provided insight into the optimal binding conformation, indicating that 4-NA is located at the bottom outside the catalytic center through the formation of three hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, animal studies confirmed that the inhibitory effects of 4-NA on XO resulted in a significant reduction of serum uric acid level in hyperuricemia mice. Conclusion: This work elucidates the mechanism of 4-NA inhibiting XO, paving the way for the development of new XO inhibitors. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Fujian, China
| | - Sijin Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Zemin He
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Danhong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaozhen Cai
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Fujian, China
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16
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Arıkök AT, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Altun SA, Ünlüler C, Börekci A, Kertmen H, Çelikoğlu E, Gürer B. Cinnamaldehyde has ameliorative effects on rabbit spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury. World Neurosurg X 2024; 21:100254. [PMID: 38148767 PMCID: PMC10750183 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arıkök
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Lokman Hekim University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Akyıldız Altun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Ünlüler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Börekci
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tanemoto M, Kasai T, Iida Y. Linagliptin possibly enhances the efficacy of allosteric xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:355-356. [PMID: 37155141 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanemoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 13-1 Higashi-Kaigan-Cho, Atami, Shizuoka, 413-8790, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kasai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 13-1 Higashi-Kaigan-Cho, Atami, Shizuoka, 413-8790, Japan
| | - Yoshito Iida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 13-1 Higashi-Kaigan-Cho, Atami, Shizuoka, 413-8790, Japan
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Xu G, Wu L, Yang H, Liu T, Tong Y, Wan J, Han B, Zhou L, Hu X. Eupatilin inhibits xanthine oxidase in vitro and attenuates hyperuricemia and renal injury in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114307. [PMID: 38052408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is the final metabolite of purines in the liver that can cause hyperuricemia at high levels. The kidneys are the main excretory organs for UA. The excessive accumulation of UA in the kidneys causes the development of hyperuricemia that often leads to renal injury. Eupatilin (Eup) is a flavonoid natural product that possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. We were interested in exploring the potential role of Eup in lowering UA and nephroprotective. We initially investigated the effects of Eup on xanthin oxidase (XOD) activity in vitro, followed by investigating its ability to lower UA levels, anti-inflammatory effects, nephroprotective effects, and the underlying mechanisms using hyperuricemia rats sustained at high UA level. The results showed that Eup had an inhibitory effect on XOD activity in vitro and significantly reduced serum UA, creatinine, BUN, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in hyperuricemic rats, ameliorating inflammation, renal oxidative stress and pathological injury. Furthermore, Eup inhibited ADA and XOD enzyme activities in the liver and serum and modulated GLUT9, URAT1 and ABCG2 protein expression in the kidneys and ileum. Our findings provide a scientific basis for suggesting Eup as an option for a potential treatment for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxuan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiliang Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Liu Y, Liu N, Bian W, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Peng Y, Ru Z, Fu Z, Wang Y, Li C, Yang X, Wang Y. Peptide NCTX15 derived from spider toxin gland effectively relieves hyperuricemia in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 689:149222. [PMID: 37979330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a clinical disease characterized by a continuous increase in uric acid (UA) due to purine metabolism disorder. As current drug treatments are limited, it is imperative to explore new drugs that offer better safety and efficacy. In this study, Nephila clavata toxin gland homogenates were isolated and purified by exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in the identification and isolation of a short peptide (NCTX15) with the sequence 'QSGHTFK'. Analysis showed that NCTX15 exhibited no cytotoxicity in mouse macrophages or toxic and hemolytic activity in mice. Notably, NCTX15 inhibited UA production by down-regulating urate transporter 1 and glucose transporter 9 and up-regulating organic anion transporter 1, thus promoting UA excretion. In addition, NCTX15 alleviated the inflammatory response and renal injury by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3, and pyroptosis-related factor gasdermin D. These results indicate that NCTX15 displayed urate-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. As the first urate-reducing short peptide isolated from a spider toxin gland homogenate, NCTX15 exhibits considerable potential as a novel drug molecule for anti-gout and hyperuricemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicine Resource, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Naixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenxin Bian
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeqiong Ru
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhe Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicine Resource, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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20
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Lou Y, Gao Q, Fan M, Waleed AA, Wang L, Li Y, Qian H. Ferulic acid ameliorates hyperuricemia by regulating xanthine oxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126542. [PMID: 37634782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is characterized by elevated uric acid (UA) level in the body. The xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory ability is an important way to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect of natural products. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid compound, and it is a free radical scavenger with many physiological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure-activity relationship, potential mechanism and interaction of FA as XO's inhibitor. In the cell experiment, using 1.25 mM adenosine to incubate for 24 h under the optimal conditions (37 °C, pH = 7.2) can increase the UA production by 1.34 folds. PCR analysis showed that FA could reduce the mRNA expression level of XO. FA inhibited XO in a mixed mode (IC50 = 13.25 μM). The fluorescence quenching of XO by FA occurs through a static mechanism, with an inhibition constant of Ki = 9.527 × 10-5 mol L-1 and an apparent coefficient of α = 1.768. The enthalpy and entropy changes were found as -267.79 KJ mol-1 and - 860.85 KJ mol-1, indicating that both hydrogen binding and hydrophobic are involved in the interaction of this polyphenolic natural compound with XO. Thus, FA supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve hyperuricemia by reducing UA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Al-Ansi Waleed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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21
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Mao Z, Jiang H, Sun J, Mao X. Virtual screening and structure optimization of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from whole protein sequences of Pacific white shrimp via molecular docking. Food Chem 2023; 429:136837. [PMID: 37473632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory peptides are safer than conventional pharmacological therapy in relieving hyperuricemia. However, traditional enzymatic hydrolysis, separation, and purification techniques for bio-active peptide preparation are time-consuming, inefficient, and labor-intensive. In this study, molecular docking and BLAST were used to virtually screen XO inhibitory peptides from whole protein sequences of Pacific white shrimp according to the bio-active peptides database, and the structure of peptides was optimized based on the structure-effective relationship. Seven new XO inhibitory peptides were virtual screened rapidly from Pacific white shrimp, and YNITGW (IC50 = 9.78 ± 0.13 mM) showed the strongest activity. The results of YNITGW optimization showed that the insertion of Trp residue in the middle position of peptides could effectively enhance the activity. This study revealed that screening and optimizing peptides by molecular docking were a novel and feasible method to obtain bio-active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China.
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22
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Bellaver EH, Kempka AP. Potential of milk-derived bioactive peptides as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and updated review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1829-1855. [PMID: 37938416 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides consist of small protein fragments, which are inactive in their original conformation, and they become active when released from these through enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation processes. The bioactivity of such peptides has been extensively reported in the literature as contributors to organic homeostasis processes, as well as in immunomodulation, organism defense against oxidative processes, among others. In this study, reports of the activity of BPs isolated from milk with the potential glycemic control, antihypertensive activity, and inhibitors of uric acid formation were compiled. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis were conducted, using the PICO strategy for the research. The temporal analysis of publications revealed a growing interest in the investigation of bioactive peptides with potential antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, using dairy sources as products for their extraction. The literature analysis also revealed an increase in research involving non-bovine dairy products for bioactive peptide extraction. The collaboration network among authors exhibited weaknesses in scientific cooperation. Regarding the analysis of keywords, the usage of terms such as "bioactive peptides", "antioxidant", "antihypertensive", and "diabetes" was evident, constituting the main research clusters. Peptides with low molecular weight, typically < 10 kDa, of hydrophobic nature with aliphatic and aromatic chains, have significant implications in molecular interactions for the required activities. Although there is a growing interest in the industry regarding the utilization of bioactive peptides as potential drugs, there is a need to address gaps related to elucidating their interactions with cellular targets and their use in human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Hiago Bellaver
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Aniela Pinto Kempka
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Fernando de Noronha Street, BR 282, Km 573.5, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil.
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23
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Yan T, Shan H, Wang Z, Zou S, Chen Z, Yu W, Du Q, Dong X. Temporal change of serum xanthine oxidase levels and its relation to clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:320. [PMID: 38038775 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) may be involved in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. We measured serum XO levels at multiple days to determine whether it is associated with the severity and prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). In this prospective cohort study, we quantified serum XO levels in 112 sTBI patients and 112 controls. Serum XO levels of patients were measured at admission and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after sTBI. Extended Glasgow outcome scale scores of 1-4 at post-trauma 180 days were defined as a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis was employed to determine the relationship between poor prognosis and serum XO levels at multiple days. Serum XO levels were significantly increased at admission among patients, afterwards elevated gradually, peaked at day 3, and then diminished gradually until day 10, and were substantially higher during 10 days in patients than in controls. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all correlated with admission Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) scores and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all substantially higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis. Serum XO levels at days 7 and 10, but not at days 1, 3, and 5, had significantly lower area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) than those at admission. Serum XO levels at admission and at days 1 and 3, but not at day 5, were independently associated with 180-day poor prognosis. Prognostic prediction model containing GCS scores, Rotterdam CT scores, and serum XO levels at admission (or at days 1 and 3) showed substantially higher AUC than GCS scores and Rotterdam CT scores alone. The models were visually described using nomograms, which were comparatively stable under calibration curve and were relatively of clinical benefit under decision curve. Elevated serum XO levels during early period of sTBI are more closely associated with trauma severity and clinical adverse outcomes, assuming that serum XO may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Shan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shengdong Zou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ziyin Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Fais A, Pintus F, Era B, Floris S, Kumar A, Sarmadhikari D, Sogos V, Uriarte E, Asthana S, Matos MJ. Design of 3-Phenylcoumarins and 3-Thienylcoumarins as Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Studies. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300400. [PMID: 37801332 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin scaffold has proven to be promising in the development of bioactive agents, such as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. Novel hydroxylated 3-arylcoumarins were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their XO inhibition and antioxidant properties. 3-(3'-Bromophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (compound 11) proved to be the most potent XO inhibitor, with an IC50 of 91 nM, being 162 times better than allopurinol, one of the reference controls. Kinetic analysis of compound 11 and compound 5 [3-(4'-bromothien-2'-yl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin], the second-best compound within the series (IC50 of 280 nM), has been performed, and both compounds showed a mixed-type inhibition. Both compounds present good antioxidant activity (ability to scavenge ABTS radical) and are able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2 O2 -treated cells. In addition, they proved to be non-cytotoxic in a Caco-2 cells viability assay. Molecular docking studies have been carried out to correlate the compounds' theoretical and experimental binding affinity to the XO binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Floris
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Debapriyo Sarmadhikari
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Maria João Matos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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25
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Balázs O, Dombi Á, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Valentová K, Vida RG, Poór M. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase-catalyzed xanthine and 6-mercaptopurine oxidation by luteolin, naringenin, myricetin, ampelopsin and their conjugated metabolites. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115548. [PMID: 37734263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, naringenin, myricetin, and ampelopsin are abundant flavonoids in nature, and several dietary supplements also contain them at very high doses. After the peroral intake, flavonoids go through extensive presystemic biotransformation; therefore, typically their sulfate/glucuronic acid conjugates reach high concentrations in the circulation. Xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme is involved in uric acid production, and it also takes part in the elimination of certain drugs (e.g., 6-mercaptopurine). The inhibitory effects of flavonoid aglycones on XO have been widely studied; however, only limited data are available regarding their sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugates. In this study, we examined the impacts of luteolin, naringenin, myricetin, ampelopsin, and their sulfate/glucuronide derivatives on XO-catalyzed xanthine and 6-mercaptopurine oxidations employing in vitro enzyme incubation assays and molecular modeling studies. Our major results/conclusions are the following: (1) Sulfate metabolites were stronger while glucuronic acid derivatives were weaker inhibitors of XO compared to the parent flavonoids. (2) Naringenin, ampelopsin, and their metabolites were weak inhibitors of the enzyme. (3) Luteolin, myricetin, and their sulfates were highly potent inhibitors of XO, and the glucuronides of luteolin showed moderate inhibitory impacts. (4) Conjugated metabolites of luteolin and myricetin can be involved in the inhibitory effects of these flavonoids on XO enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Balázs
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dombi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Z Zsidó
- Unit of Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Unit of Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert G Vida
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Rashad AY, Daabees HG, Elagawany M, Shahin M, Abdel Moneim AE, Rostom SAF. A New Avenue for Enhanced Treatment of Hyperuricemia and Oxidative Stress: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Mutual Prodrugs Involving Febuxostat Conjugated with Different Antioxidants. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106818. [PMID: 37688830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Febuxostat (FEB) is the first non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. The oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which accompany purine metabolism by XO, could contribute to cellular damage and several pathological conditions. In this view, the present work addresses the evaluation of combining the hypouricemic effect of FEB and the free radical scavenging potential of various natural antioxidants in a single chemical entity by implementing the "mutual prodrug" strategy. Accordingly, a series of five ester prodrugs containing FEB together with different naturally occurring antioxidants namely, thioctic acid (4), thymol (5), menthol (6), vanillin (7), and guaiacol (8) was synthesized. Prominently, all the chemically conjugated prodrugs (4 - 8) revealed an obvious increase in the hypouricemic and antioxidant potentials when compared with their corresponding promoieties and physical mixtures. Moreover, they showed a potential protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress, together with no cytotoxicity on normal breast cells (MCF10A). Furthermore, the in vitro chemical and enzymatic stability studies of the prodrugs (4 - 8) using a developed HPLC method, verified their stability in different pHs, and rapid hydrolysis in rabbit plasma and liver homogenate to their parent metabolites. Moreover, the prodrugs (4 - 8) showed higher lipophilicity and lower aqueous solubility when compared to the parent drugs. Finally, the obtained merits from the implementation of the mutual prodrug strategy would encourage further application in the development of promising candidates with high therapeutic efficacy and improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Y Rashad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Hoda G Daabees
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elagawany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sherif A F Rostom
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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27
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Medjahed Z, Chaher-Bazizi N, Atmani-Kilani D, Ahmane N, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Sanz JIR, Charid I, Amant F, Fonayet JV, Saidene N, Atmani D, Richard T. A novel flavonol glycoside and six derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol from Clematis flammula with antioxidant and anticancer potentials. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105642. [PMID: 37567483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Clematis flammula leaves are traditionally used in Algeria to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Our aim was to identify the main compounds in this plant in order to characterize its antioxidant and anticancer activities. A new flavonol compound, kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O- caffeoyl)- glucosyl(1 → 2)]-(6-Ocaffeoyl) glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (6) along with six known flavonol molecules were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Clematis flammula leaves. The chemical structures of these flavonols were elucidated using NMR and high resolution-MS spectroscopies. Antioxidant activities of the extract were revealed through its elimination of superoxide radical (O2.-) produced enzymatically (49.7 ± 1.52% at 50 μg/ml) and non-enzymatically (34 ± 1.2% at 100 μg/ml), probably related to its inhibition of the xanthine oxidase form of the xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) enzyme (25.05 ± 2.33 μg/mL at 100 μg/mL), but mostly to that of the NADH oxidase form of the enzyme (69.16 ± 4.0%). Cytotoxicity tests of the extract on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were promising especially regarding A2780 cell line (IC50: 77.0 μg/mL), which was comparable to taxol (IC50:76.9 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Medjahed
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Jijel, 18000 Jijel, Algérie
| | - Nassima Chaher-Bazizi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Dina Atmani-Kilani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie.
| | - Nadjia Ahmane
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Marie Begoña Ruiz-Larrea
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Nursery School, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Ruiz Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Nursery School, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Imane Charid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josep Valls Fonayet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Naima Saidene
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Tristan Richard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Abdul-Rahman AM, Elwekeel A, Alruhaimi RS, Kamel EM, Bin-Ammar A, Mahmoud AM, Moawad AS, Zaki MA. Multi-target action of Garcinia livingstonei extract and secondary metabolites against fatty acid synthase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101762. [PMID: 37701752 PMCID: PMC10494472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia livingstonei is a traditional herbal medicine that showed beneficial health effects and bioactivities. Four compounds have been isolated from the plant leaves and were elucidated as lupeol, betulin, podocarpusflavone A, and amentoflavone. The inhibitory activities of G. livingstonei extract and isolated metabolites against fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase (XO) were investigated in vitro. The affinity of the compounds toward the studied enzymes was investigated in silico. The plant extract inhibited FAS, α-glucosidase, and XO with IC50 values of 26.34, 67.88, and 33.05 µg/mL, respectively. Among the isolated metabolites, betulin exhibited the most inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and XO with IC50 values of 38.96 and 30.94 µg/mL, respectively. Podocarpusflavone A and betulin were the most potent inhibitors of FAS with IC50 values of 24.08 and 27.96 µg/mL, respectively. Computational studies corroborated these results highlighting the interactions between metabolites and the enzymes. In conclusion, G. livingstonei and its constituents possess the potential to modulate enzymes involved in metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elwekeel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Wani SK, Bhat MDA, Malik R. Efficacy of Aristolochia rotunda Linn in hyperuricemia: A randomised standard controlled study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:764-769. [PMID: 37739735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperuricemia (HU) is a health risk that may go undiagnosed and is on the rise in both developed and developing countries. Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis characterized by painful, disabling acute attack, is widely known to be caused by hyperuricemia. Its prevalence ranges from 2.6% to 36% in different populations. The commonly used drugs for alleviating uric acid and gout have obvious side effects, so herbal therapeutic drugs are in high demand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aristolochia rotunda Linn in Hyperuricemia. METHODS Present study was designed as a single-blind randomized standard controlled trial with 20 patients in each group. Participants in the test group were administered A. rotunda Linn 4 gms in two divided doses in capsule form and the control group was given Febuxostat 40 mg once daily after meals for 28 days. Participants were asked to follow up weekly for the assessment of subjective parameters. The objective parameter was assessed pre- and post-trial. The results were analysed statistically. RESULTS After the intervention, the test and control groups showed a statistically significant reduction in serum uric acid p = 0.021 and p < 0.01 respectively, while the reduction in the control group was found to be more statistically significant than the test group (p = 0.009). Subjective parameters also showed statistical significance at the end of the trial. CONCLUSION This study shows that the A. rotunda Linn in a dose of 4 gm for 28 days effectively lowers serum uric acid. The trial was registered in the clinical trial registry of India under CTRI No. CTRI//2020/02/031587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Khursheed Wani
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India
| | - Muzafar Din Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India.
| | - Rabia Malik
- Intermediary Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India
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Sun ZG, Wu KX, Ullah I, Zhu HL. Recent Advances in Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:MRMC-EPUB-134472. [PMID: 37711003 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230913091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid is a product of purine nucleotide metabolism, and high concentrations of uric acid can lead to hyperuricemia, gout and other related diseases. Xanthine oxidase, the only enzyme that catalyzes xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid, has become a target for drug development against hyperuricemia and gout. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase can reduce the production of uric acid, so xanthine oxidase inhibitors are used to treat hyperuricemia and related diseases, including gout. In recent years, researchers have obtained new xanthine oxidase inhibitors through drug design, synthesis, or separation of natural products. This paper summarizes the research on xanthine oxidase inhibitors since 2015, mainly including natural products, pyrimidine derivatives, triazole derivatives, isonicotinamide derivatives, chalcone derivatives, furan derivatives, coumarin derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, and imidazole derivatives, hoping to provide valuable information for the research and development of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Kai-Xiang Wu
- Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Jining 272067, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
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Nguyen TK, Thuy Thi Tran L, Ho Viet D, Thai PH, Ha TP, Ty PV, Duc LP, Ton That Huu D, Cuong LCV. Xanthine oxidase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the essential oil from Piper lolot: In vitro and in silico studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19148. [PMID: 37636421 PMCID: PMC10458695 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Piper lolot is a species of herb used as a popular food in Vietnam. Furthermore, the species has been used as a Vietnamese traditional medicine to treat many diseases. Methods Chemical constituents in the essential oil from leaves of Piper lolot were determined using GC/MS analysis. The anti-gout and anti-diabetic activities of the essential oil were determined through the inhibitory assays against xanthine oxidase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. In addition, molecular docking simulations were used to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism between the main compounds and the enzymes. Results The dominant constituents of the Piper lolot essential oils were determined as β-caryophyllene (20.6%), β-bisabolene (11.6%), β-selinene (8.4%), β-elemene (7.7%), trans-muurola-4(14),5-diene (7.4%), and (E)-β-ocimene (6.7%). The essential oil displayed xanthine oxidase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 28.4, 130.6, and 59.1 μg/mL, respectively. The anti-gout and anti-diabetic activities of the essential oil from the P. lolot species are reported for the first time. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation was consistent to in vitro experiments. Conclusion The present study provides initial evidence that the essential oil of P. lolot may be a potential natural source to develop new diabetes preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Khanh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Dong A University, 33 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Hai Chau District, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Linh Thuy Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Duc Ho Viet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hong Thai
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Phuong Ha
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Viet Ty
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Le Phu Duc
- Hue Medical College, People's Committee of Thua Thien Hue Province, 01 Nguyen Truong to, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Dat Ton That Huu
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Le Canh Viet Cuong
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
- Centre for Conservation of Vietnam Natural Resources and Rescue of Animals and Plants, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Phong My, Phong Dien, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Xu L, Ma S, Lin F, Xie Y, An J, Wang S. Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews leaf extract and its main component apigenin 7-O-glucoside ameliorate hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity and regulating renal urate transporters. Phytomedicine 2023; 118:154957. [PMID: 37478683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is an important pathological basis of gout and a distinct hazard factor for metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular and chronic renal disease, but lacks safe and effective treatments currently. Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews leaf effectively reduced serum uric acid in gout patients; however, the material foundation and the mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE To determine the primary active components and mechanism of P. suffruticosa leaf in hyperuricemic mice. METHODS The chemical constituents of P. suffruticosa leaf was identified using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The anti-hyperuricemic activity of P. suffruticosa leaf extract (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and its components was evaluated in hyperuricemic mice induced by a high purine diet for 14 days. Then, the urate-lowering effects of apigenin 7-O-glucoside (0.09, 0.18, and 0.36 mg/kg) were assessed in another hyperuricemic mice model built by administrating potassium oxonate and adenine for 4 weeks. The inhibitory effect of apigenin 7-O-glucoside on uric acid production was elucidated by investigating xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in serum and the liver and through molecular docking. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses of the expression of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1), and ATP-binding cassette G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins elucidated how apigenin 7-O-glucoside promoted uric acid excretion. RESULTS Six compounds were identified in P. suffruticosa leaf: gallic acid, methyl gallate, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, and apigenin 7-O-glucoside. P. suffruticosa leaf extract significantly attenuated increased serum uric acid, creatinine, and xanthine oxidase activity in hyperuricemic mice. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside from P. suffruticosa leaf reduced uric acid, creatinine, and malondialdehyde serum levels, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and partially restored the spleen coefficient in hyperuricemic mice. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and decreased serum and liver xanthine oxidase activity and liver xanthine oxidase protein expression in hyperuricemic mice. Molecular docking revealed that apigenin 7-O-glucoside bound to xanthine oxidase. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside facilitated uric acid excretion by modulating the renal urate transporters URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, and ABCG2. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside protected against renal damage and oxidative stress caused by hyperuricemia by reducing serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, and renal reactive oxygen species levels; increasing serum and renal superoxide dismutase activity; restoring the renal coefficient; and reducing renal pathological injury. CONCLUSION Apigenin 7-O-glucoside is the main urate-lowering active component of P. suffruticosa leaf extract in the hyperuricemic mice. It suppressed liver xanthine oxidase activity to decrease uric acid synthesis and modulated renal urate transporters to stimulate uric acid excretion, alleviating kidney damage caused by hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Chang Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Lu Xu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shanbo Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Fen Lin
- Research and Development Department, Shaanxi Fengdan Zhengyuan Biotechnology Limited Company, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710076, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junming An
- Department of Acupuncture, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Abdulhafiz F, Mohammed A, Reduan MFH, Hamzah Z, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G. Evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of Alocasia longiloba Miq. (Keladi Candik) extracts in potassium oxonate induced rat model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18069. [PMID: 37483701 PMCID: PMC10362144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has become a significant public-health concern in recent years, and the available treatments have been reported to have an adverse side effect on patients. Alocasia longiloba has been used traditionally in Malaysia for treating gout, inflammation, and wounds. However, the plant has not been investigated for its effects on hyperuricemia. This study investigated the anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of A. longiloba extracts in hyperuricemic rats induced by potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg body weight). Rats were given A. longiloba extracts or a standard drug for two-week, and blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results show that A. longiloba extracts significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats and inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the liver and kidney, which could be the mechanism underlying the urate-lowering effects. The extracts also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) in serum samples and had hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects in hyperuricemic rats. The study supports the use of A. longiloba as a complementary therapy for treating hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Abdulhafiz
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zulhazman Hamzah
- Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Spennati, Delta 6 Medicina, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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Yang Y, Yu J, Huo J, Yang L, Yan Y. Protective effects of peanut skin extract on high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced kidney injury in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1091-1099. [PMID: 37215259 PMCID: PMC10195960 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to explore whether peanut skin extract (PSE) has protective effects against high-fat and high-fructose (HF) diet-induced kidney injury. Rats were fed HF diet in the whole experiment, while rats in PSE-treated groups were supplemented with PSE. Finally, PSE reduced kidney tissue weight, perinephric fat weight, and levels of serum ammonia, creatinine, and urea nitrogen, along with decreases of renal IL-1β and TNF-α level. Histological examination indicated that PSE alleviated renal tubular dilatation, and degeneration and partial exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells. In addition, PSE decreased serum and urinary uric acid level, together with reductions of XOD production and XOD activity both in serum and liver, and down-regulated expressions of renal NLRP3 and ERS proteins. Thus, PSE may be a potential functional food for protecting against renal injury in high energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Jiaoyao Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Luting Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
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Chiang CH, Chen C, Fang SY, Lin SC, Chen JW, Chang TT. Xanthine oxidase/NADPH oxidase inhibition by hydralazine attenuates acute kidney injury and prevents the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023:121863. [PMID: 37331504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The enhancement of inflammation and reactive oxygen species leads to the damage of renal tubular cells in acute kidney injury (AKI), and the upregulation of inflammation increases the risk of AKI being converted into chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hydralazine has shown renoprotective effects in multiple kidney diseases and was shown to be a potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of hydralazine in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-stimulated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in AKI animals in vivo. MAIN METHODS The effects of hydralazine in AKI-to-CKD transition were also evaluated. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were stimulated by I/R conditions in vitro. To generate a mouse model of AKI, a right nephrectomy was performed, followed by left renal pedicle I/R using a small atraumatic clamp. KEY FINDINGS In the in vitro part, hydralazine could protect renal proximal tubular epithelial cells against insults from the I/R injury through XO/NADPH oxidase inhibition. In the in vivo part, hydralazine preserved renal function in AKI mice and improved the AKI-to-CKD transition by decreasing renal glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis independently of blood pressure lowering. Furthermore, hydralazine exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects both in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Hydralazine, as a XO/NADPH oxidase inhibitor, could protect renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from the insults of I/R and prevent kidney damage in AKI and AKI-to-CKD. The above experimental studies strengthen the possibility of repurposing hydralazine as a potential renoprotective agent through its antioxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chiang
- Department of Urology/Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Fang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chu Lin
- Department of Urology/Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin F, Sun M, Gao J, Zhang B, Mao Q, Bao Z, Shen C, Li Q, Wang H, Wang S. Identification of 5-[5-cyano-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido] thiazole-4-carboxylic acid as a promising dual inhibitor of urate transporter 1 and xanthine oxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115532. [PMID: 37295161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In combination with allopurinol, tranilast is used as an urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia, but its structure-activity relationship concerning URAT1 inhibitory activity is rarely studied. In this paper, analogs 1-30 were designed and synthesized using scaffold hopping strategy on the basis of tranilast and the privileged scaffold indole. Then, URAT1 activity was evaluated using 14C-uric acid uptake assay with HEK293-URAT1 overexpressing cells. Compared with tranilast (inhibitory rate = 44.9% at 10 μM), most compounds displayed apparent inhibitory effects, ranging from 40.0% to 81.0% at 10 μM on URAT1. Surprisingly, along with the bringing in of a cyano group at the 5-position of indole ring, compounds 26 and 28-30 exerted xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. In particular, compound 29 presented potency on URAT1 (48.0% at 10 μM) and XO (IC50 = 1.01 μM). Molecular simulation analysis revealed that the basic structure of compound 29 had an affinity with URAT1, and XO. Furthermore, compound 29 demonstrated a significant hypouricemic effect in a potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat model at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg during in vivo tests. In summary, tranilast analog 29 was identified as a potent dual-target inhibitor of URAT1 and XO, and a promising lead compound for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Schmidt HM, DeVallance ER, Lewis SE, Wood KC, Annarapu GK, Carreño M, Hahn SA, Seman M, Maxwell BA, Hileman EA, Xu JZ, Velayutham M, Geldenhuys WJ, Vitturi DA, Shiva S, Kelley EE, Straub AC. Release of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) to the circulation is protective in intravascular hemolytic crisis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102636. [PMID: 36906950 PMCID: PMC10025133 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the catabolism of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, generating oxidants as a byproduct. Importantly, XO activity is elevated in numerous hemolytic conditions including sickle cell disease (SCD); however, the role of XO in this context has not been elucidated. Whereas long-standing dogma suggests elevated levels of XO in the vascular compartment contribute to vascular pathology via increased oxidant production, herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that XO has an unexpected protective role during hemolysis. Using an established hemolysis model, we found that intravascular hemin challenge (40 μmol/kg) resulted in a significant increase in hemolysis and an immense (20-fold) elevation in plasma XO activity in Townes sickle cell phenotype (SS) sickle mice compared to controls. Repeating the hemin challenge model in hepatocyte-specific XO knockout mice transplanted with SS bone marrow confirmed the liver as the source of enhanced circulating XO as these mice demonstrated 100% lethality compared to 40% survival in controls. In addition, studies in murine hepatocytes (AML12) revealed hemin mediates upregulation and release of XO to the medium in a toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that XO degrades oxyhemoglobin and releases free hemin and iron in a hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner. Additional biochemical studies revealed purified XO binds free hemin to diminish the potential for deleterious hemin-related redox reactions as well as prevents platelet aggregation. In the aggregate, data herein reveals that intravascular hemin challenge induces XO release by hepatocytes through hemin-TLR4 signaling, resulting in an immense elevation of circulating XO. This increased XO activity in the vascular compartment mediates protection from intravascular hemin crisis by binding and potentially degrading hemin at the apical surface of the endothelium where XO is known to be bound and sequestered by endothelial glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan R DeVallance
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sara E Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara Carreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madison Seman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brooke A Maxwell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily A Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Julia Z Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Hematology /Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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39
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Soliman E, Elshazly SM, Shewaikh SM, El-Shaarawy F. Reno- and hepato-protective effect of allopurinol after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113868. [PMID: 37269893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and remote liver damage is an ultimate negative outcome. Current treatments for I/R typically involve the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. Xanthine oxidase (XO) and PPAR-γ contribute to renal I/R-induced oxidative stress; however, the crosstalk between the two pathways remains unexplored. In the present study, we report that XO inhibitor, allopurinol (ALP), protects kidney and liver after renal I/R by PPAR-γ activation. Rats with renal I/R showed reduced kidney and liver functions, increased XO, and decreased PPAR-γ. ALP increased PPAR-γ expression and improved liver and kidney functions. ALP also reduced inflammation and nitrosative stress indicated by reduction in TNF-α, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite formation. Interestingly, rats co-treated with PPAR-γ inhibitor, BADGE, and ALP showed diminished beneficial effect on renal and kidney functions, inflammation, and nitrosative stress. This data suggests that downregulation of PPAR-γ contributes to nitrosative stress and inflammation in renal I/R and the use of ALP reverses this effect by increasing PPAR-γ expression. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential therapeutic value of ALP and suggests targeting XO-PPAR-γ pathway as a promising strategy for preventing I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Mustafa Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Shewaikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Fatma El-Shaarawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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40
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Wang X, Cui Z, Luo Y, Huang Y, Yang X. In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic properties of sodium kaempferol-3'-sulfonate. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113854. [PMID: 37230458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme in purine catabolism, catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid in the body, but overproduction of uric acid may lead to hyperuricemia. This study aims to investigate in vitro XO inhibitory and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic properties of sodium kaempferol-3'-sulfonate (KS). The kinetic analysis indicates that KS is a reversible competitive inhibitor and has significant inhibitory effects on XO activity with an IC50 value of 0.338 μM. Fluorescence spectra suggested that KS could cause fluorescence quenching and conformational changes of XO due to the formation of a KS-XO complex. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that KS interacted with several amino acid residues of XO by the π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The inhibitory mechanism of KS on XO activity might be the insertion of KS into the active site of XO to prevent the entrance of the substrate xanthine and induce conformational changes of XO. The results carried out in hyperuricemic mice showed that KS reduced serum XO activity, serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as well as alleviating renal histopathological injury. These findings suggest that KS may be a new potent XO inhibitor against hyperuricemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xinbin Yang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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41
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Liang S, Liu L, He B, Zhao W, Zhang W, Xiao L, Deng M, Zhong X, Zeng S, Qi X, Lü M. Activation of xanthine oxidase by 1,4-naphthoquinones: A novel potential research topic for diet management and risk assessment. Food Chem 2023; 424:136264. [PMID: 37207599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral intake of 1,4-naphthoquinones could be a potential risk factor for hyperuricemia and gout via activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). Herein, 1,4-naphthoquinones derived from food and food-borne pollutants were selected to investigate the structure and activity relationship (SAR) and the relative mechanism for activating XO in liver S9 fractions from humans (HLS9) and rats (RLS9). The SAR analysis showed that introduction of electron-donating substituents on the benzene ring or electron-withdrawing substituents on the quinone ring improved the XO-activating effect of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Different activation potential and kinetics behaviors were observed for activating XO by 1,4-naphthoquinones in HLS9/RLS9. Molecular docking simulation and density functional theory calculations showed a good correlation between -LogEC50 and docking free energy or HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The risk of exposure to the 1,4-naphthoquinones was evaluated and discussed. Our findings are helpful to guide diet management in clinic and avoid adverse events attributable to exposure to food-derived 1,4-naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bing He
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lijun Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China.
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42
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Song J, Wang Z, Chi Y, Zhang Y, Fang C, Shu Y, Cui J, Bai H, Wang J. Anti-gout activity and the interaction mechanisms between Sanghuangporus vaninii active components and xanthine oxidase. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106394. [PMID: 36801789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays a critical role in the progression of gout. We showed in a previous study that Sanghuangporus vaninii (S. vaninii), a perennial, medicinal, and edible fungus traditionally used to treat various symptoms, contains XO inhibitors. In the current study, we isolated an active component of S. vaninii using high performance countercurrent chromatography and identified it as davallialactone using mass spectrometry with 97.726 % purity. A microplate reader showed that davallialactone had mixed inhibition of XO activity with a half-inhibitory concentration value of 90.07 ± 2.12 μM. In addition, the collision between davallialactone and XO led to fluorescence quenching and conformational changes in XO, which were mainly driven by hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding. Molecular simulations further showed that davallialactone was located at the center of the molybdopterin (Mo-Pt) of XO and interacted with amino acid residues Phe798, Arg912, Met1038, Ala1078, Ala1079, Gln1194, and Gly1260, suggesting that entering the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was unfavorable for the substrate. We also observed face-to-face π-π interactions between the aryl ring of davallialactone and Phe914. Cell biology experiments indicated that davallialactone reduced the expression of the inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta (P < 0.05), can effectively alleviate cellular oxidative stress. This study showed that davallialactone significantly inhibits XO and has the potential to be developed into a novel medicine to prevent hyperuricemia and treat gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Song
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yu Chi
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Nanguan Middle School, Honghua Gang District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chenyi Fang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yuting Shu
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Jing Cui
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Helong Bai
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
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43
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Wei H, Yang C, Weng C, Zhu X. A xanthine oxidase inhibit activity component from biotransformation of cholesterol by Streptomyces cellulosae WHX1301. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14160. [PMID: 36915485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids are one of the most widely used groups of medicines presently. There are some steroid drugs that have acquired with the transformation of microorganism. It's indispensability to screen the strain that is able to utilize steroids to generate new products. This study has screened a transformation strain WHX1301 that have ability to convert cholesterol. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, the isolate WHX1301 has been demonstrated to most similar as Streptomyces cellulosae. Separation and purification of transformation product were identifying by NMR and ESI-MS. The major of product was 2,7-dihydroxycholesterol, and the by-product were 7-Hydroxycholestane-3,5-diene, Cholesterane-3,5-diene. Fortunately, 2,7-dihydroxycholesterol has inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase with a 34.8% inhibition rate at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. Using the resting cells of Streptomyces cellulosae WHX1301 to transform cholesterol, the product yield can reach 76%. Present paper is the first report regarding the microbial transformation of steroids by Streptomyces cellulosae.
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Li X, Yang W, Chen H, Pan F, Liu W, Qi D, Yu S, Liu H, Chai X, Liu Y, Pan Y, Wang G. Rapid screening and in vivo target occupancy quantitative evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors based on drug-target binding kinetics research strategy: A case study of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114379. [PMID: 36827711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. is a kind of food and drug dual-use traditional Chinese medicine possessing multiple pharmacological and biochemical benefits. In our study, a rapid and high-throughput method based on Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technology was developed and verified for screening potential xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors exemplarily in the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), 14 XOD-binders were identified. In the SPR-based biosensor and molecular docking analysis, most compounds exhibited a strong affinity and binding kinetic property (association rate constant, Kon and dissociation rate constant, Koff) for XOD and could be regarded as potential inhibitors. More importantly, to further accurately assess target occupancy of candidate compounds in vivo, a mathematical model was established and verified involving three crucial intrinsic kinetic processes (Pharmacokinetics, Binding kinetic and Target kinetic). Overall, the proposed screening and assessment strategy could be proved an effective theoretical basis for further pharmacodynamic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongjiao Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fulu Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongying Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huining Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yanli Pan
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 101500, China.
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45
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Wen Y, Xu J, Pan D, Wang C. Removal of substrate inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii xanthine oxidase by point mutation at Gln-201 enables efficient reduction of purine content in fish sauce. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100593. [PMID: 36845495 PMCID: PMC9944496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase is an oxidase that has a molybdopterin structure with substrate inhibition. Here, we show that a single point mutation (Q201) in the Acinetobacter baumannii xanthine oxidase (AbXOD) obtained mutant Q201E (k cat =799.44 s-1, no inhibition) with high enzyme activity and decrease of substrate inhibition in 5 mmol/L high substrate model, and which cause two loops structure change at active center, characterized by complete loss of substrate inhibition without reduction of enzymatic activity. Molecular docking results showed that the change of flexible loop increased the affinity between substrate and enzyme, and the formation of a π-π bond and two hydrogen bonds made the substrate more stable in the active center. Ultimately, Q201E can still maintain better enzyme activity under high purine content (an approximately 7-fold improvement over the wild-type), indicating a broader application prospect in the manufacture of low-purine food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chenghua Wang
- Corresponding author at: College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China.
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46
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Yu H, Chen X, Guo X, Chen D, Jiang L, Qi Y, Shao J, Tao L, Hang J, Lu G, Chen Y, Li Y. The clinical value of serum xanthine oxidase levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102623. [PMID: 36739755 PMCID: PMC9932569 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO), a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, is widely distributed in various human tissues. As a major source for the generation of superoxide radicals, XO is involved in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation during ischemic and hypoxic tissue injury. Therefore, we designed this study to identify the role of serum XO levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathogenesis. In this single-center prospective study, 328 consecutive patients with AIS for the first time were included, and 107 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from a community-based stroke screening population were also included. The serum levels of XO and several conventional stroke risk factors were assessed. Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of XO and clinical outcomes, and nomogram models were developed to predict the onset, progression and prognosis of AIS. Compared with the healthy control group, the serum level of XO was significantly higher in the AIS group (P < 0.05) and was an independent risk factor for AIS (OR 8.68, 95% CI 4.62-14.33, P < 0.05). Patients with progressive stroke or a poor prognosis had a much higher serum level of XO than patients with stable stroke or a good prognosis (all P < 0.05). In addition, the serum level of XO was an independent risk factor for stroke progression (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.12-3.50, P = 0.018) and a poor prognosis (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.47-3.31, P = 0.001). The nomogram models including XO to predict the onset, progression and prognosis of AIS had good prediction and differentiation abilities. The findings of this study show that the serum level of XO on admission was an independent risk factor for AIS and had certain clinical predictive value for stroke progression and prognosis in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 441100, Xiangyang, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Geriatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yajie Qi
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Luhang Tao
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Guangyu Lu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Department of Geriatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Yuping Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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Fujioka H, Koike T, Imamura T, Kakeshita K, Yamazaki H, Kinugawa K. Implication of changes in xanthine oxidase activity following hemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:13. [PMID: 36647052 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidase activity has a key role in the development of oxidative stress and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the change of xanthine oxidase activity following hemodialysis and its prognostic impact remain uncertain. METHODS We prospectively included hemodialysis patients who did not take any anti-hyperuricemic agents and measured their xanthine oxidase activity before and after the index hemodialysis. The impact of change in xanthine oxidase activity during hemodialysis on cardiovascular death were investigated. RESULTS A total of 46 patients (median 72 years old, 29 men) were included. During hemodialysis, a common logarithm of xanthine oxidase activity decreased significantly from 1.16 (0.94, 1.27) to 1.03 (0.80, 1.20) (p < 0.01). Of them, xanthine oxidase activity remained unchanged or increased in 16 patients, who had a greater decrease in blood pressure and more hemoconcentration compared with others. Two-year survival from cardiovascular death was not significantly stratified by the changes in xanthine oxidase activity (p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS During hemodialysis, xanthine oxidase activity decreased among the overall cohort, whereas some patients experienced its increases, which might be associated with hypotension and hemoconcentration during hemodialysis. Further larger-scale studies are required to validate our findings and find clinical implication of change in xanthine oxidase activity during hemodialysis.
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Guo R, Gong X, Li K, Qiu Z, Yang L, Wan Y, Yao X, Long C, Xu J, Li K, Liu J, Liu J. Xanthine oxidase, a therapeutic target of realgar for non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12666. [PMID: 36685422 PMCID: PMC9849977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of realgar against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been massively studied, but the direct therapeutic targets of realgar remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the molecular targets of realgar against NSCLC and explore their therapeutic mechanisms based on a network pharmacology approach and experimental validations. Methods The BATMAN-TCM and Digsee databases were used to predict realgar targets and NSCLC-related genes, respectively. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed for each gene set, and the overlapping genes were identified as potential targets of realgar against NSCLC. The correlation between potential targets and NSCLC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, and the key target was validated by in-silico and in-vitro experiments. Results Twenty-three overlapping genes, including xanthine oxidase (XO), were identified as potential targets of realgar against NSCLC. XO was selected as the key target for validation, as it was found to be upregulated in NSCLC tumor tissue, which correlated with poor overall survival. A possible interaction between realgar and XO was revealed by molecular docking which was further validated experimentally. Realgar treatment suppressed the activity of XO in NSCLC cells, as demonstrated by the unchanged XO protein levels. Finally, the mechanism of action of XO as a target against NSCLC through the cell-cell junction organization pathway was investigated. Conclusions Overall, this study proposes a potential molecular mechanism illustrating that XO is a target of realgar against NSCLC and highlights the usefulness of XO as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Kongzhao Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Zhengqi Qiu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Yanbin Wan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Xinhuang Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Kang Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China,Corresponding author. Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China,Corresponding author. Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
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Spiegel M, Sroka Z. Quantum-mechanical characteristics of apigenin: Antiradical, metal chelation and inhibitory properties in physiologically relevant media. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105352. [PMID: 36400153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to examine the antioxidant activity of apigenin. All protonated species that are present in a non-negligible population at physiological pH were considered in the study. The ability to scavenge the hydroperoxide radical was evaluated in lipid and aqueous environments. The capacity to halt the Fenton reaction by chelating Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions was also investigated, as was the ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase. The results indicate that these activities may be particularly important in describing the beneficial effects of apigenin, especially because of its lower anti-•OOH potential than Trolox or vitamin C. The findings underscore the significant role of dianion in the antiradical and chelating properties, despite its presence in much lower molar fractions than other ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Tayama Y, Sugihara K, Sanoh S, Miyake K, Kitamura S, Ohta S. Xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase contribute to allopurinol metabolism in rats. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 36476607 PMCID: PMC9730672 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-022-00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopurinol is used to treat hyperuricemia and gout. It is metabolized to oxypurinol by xanthine oxidase (XO), and aldehyde oxidase (AO). Allopurinol and oxypurinol are potent XO inhibitors that reduce the plasma uric acid levels. Although oxypurinol levels show large inter-individual variations, high concentrations of oxypurinol can cause various adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to understand allopurinol metabolism by XO and AO. In this study we aimed to estimate the role of AO and XO in allopurinol metabolism by pre-administering Crl:CD and Jcl:SD rats, which have known strain differences in AO activity, with XO inhibitor febuxostat. METHODS Allopurinol (30 or 100 mg/kg) was administered to Crl:CD and Jcl:SD rats with low and high AO activity, respectively, after pretreatment with or without febuxostat. The serum concentrations of allopurinol and oxypurinol were measured, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated from the 48 h serum concentration-time profile. In vivo metabolic activity was measured as the ratio AUCoxypurinol /AUCallopurinol. RESULTS Although no strain-specific differences were observed in the AUCoxypurinol/AUCallopurinol ratio in the allopurinol (30 mg/kg)-treated group, the ratio in Jcl:SD rats was higher than that in Crl:CD rats after febuxostat pretreatment. Contrastingly, the AUC ratio of allopurinol (100 mg/kg) was approximately 2-fold higher in Jcl:SD rats than that in Crl:CD rats. These findings showed that Jcl:SD rats had higher intrinsic AO activity than Crl:CD rats did. However, febuxostat pretreatment substantially decreased the activity, as measured by the AUC ratio using allopurinol (100 mg/kg), to 46 and 63% in Crl:CD rats and Jcl:SD rats, respectively, compared to the control group without febuxostat pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated the role of XO and AO in allopurinol metabolism in Crl:CD and Jcl:SD rats. Notably, AO can exert a proportionately greater impact on allopurinol metabolism at high allopurinol concentrations. AO's impact on allopurinol metabolism is meaningful enough that individual differences in AO may explain allopurinol toxicity events. Considering the inter-individual differences in AO activity, these findings can aid to dose adjustment of allopurinol to avoid potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tayama
- grid.412153.00000 0004 1762 0863Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, 737-0112 Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- grid.412153.00000 0004 1762 0863Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, 737-0112 Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087School of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156 Japan
| | - Katsushi Miyake
- grid.412153.00000 0004 1762 0863Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, 737-0112 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- grid.444657.00000 0004 0606 9754Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Inamachi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087School of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156 Japan
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