Adolescent Pathways to Entrepreneurship

Green Entrepreneurship among Students—Social and Behavioral Motivation

The research is proposing to analyze the relationship between education for green entrepreneurship among students and their interests in implementing business ideas in the field of green entrepreneurship. The research has had the projection of an explanation regarding specific factors of students when approaching a subject like green entrepreneurship. It has started from the paradigm in which the rise of interest for green entrepreneurship is influenced by the knowledge regarding the opportunities of creating green business and by the level of developing entrepreneurial competencies. In this framework, a set of research hypotheses has been created as follows: students’ preoccupation for ecological entrepreneurship is influenced by their age (H1); students’ preoccupation for green entrepreneurship is influenced by identifying and recognizing ideas for green business (H2); students’ satisfaction regarding the quality of entrepreneurial education directly influences the preoccupation regarding the creation of a green business (H3). The research is a quantitative type and has been created on a sample representative (N = 123 students, valid N = 120) from the Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania of which the students are part. The research variables were constructed with the module style extracted from scientifically validated research tools. The measurements of variables have been conducted with the help of a Likert-type scale and interpretation with ANOVA. The results of the research were the following—according to the Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square test, there were compared and analyzed variables such as green knowledge and education for green entrepreneurship, to be able to quantify the students’ preoccupation values with green entrepreneurship. The p-value is ˃1, which means that the researched subjects manifest increased interest in green entrepreneurship. This fact demonstrates that the average of the values which were attributed according to the Likert-type scale has offered values between 4 and 5 (5 being the maximum level), a fact that confirms the students’ increased preoccupation with green entrepreneurship. The assigned values obtained are: 18–22 age (m = 4.1532), 22–25 age (m = 4.4375), 26–28 age (m = 4.4375), 29–39 age (m = 4.2396), and the over 39 age (m = 4.2750). We also concluded that the concern for green entrepreneurship among students correlates positively with entrepreneurship education and green knowledge.

What Determines the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Highly-Skilled Women with Refugee Experience? An Empirical Analysis in the Context of Sweden

One of the main challenges faced by refugee hosting states is the labour market integration of newcomers, which can be achieved to some extent through the creation of small businesses. This paper analyses the individual level determinants of the entrepreneurial intentions of highly-skilled women with refugee experience. The study adds a new perspective to the conversation about highly-skilled migrant women analysed so far, mostly as family reunion migrants joining economic migrants. It also contributes to the relatively new research on refugee entrepreneurship by adopting an unusual perspective for looking at highly skilled women. The empirical analysis embedded in the context of Sweden is two-fold. First, it is done in SPSS on the sample (N = 98) drawn from the 2017 Swedish Invandrarindex data set with the use of binary logistic regression. Second, the findings from the quantitative analysis are nuanced with the analysis of two case studies based on SSI with Syrian women having refugee experience. The results show that the gender variable does not predict the effect on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings confirm the importance of previous self-employment and leadership experience and indicate the potential importance of entrepreneurial role models, the cultural aspect of entrepreneurial intentions and the role of an encouraging environment in the host country.

Insomnia: An Important Antecedent Impacting Entrepreneurs’ Health

Insomnia (and sleep deprivation) has an important impact on multiple outcomes such as individuals’ cognitive abilities, decision-making, and affect. In this paper, drawing from sleep research, we focus on entrepreneurs’ insomnia–health relationship and test a serial mediation model that considers entrepreneurs’ insomnia as an important predictor of their poor health. More specifically, we hypothesize that insomnia heightens entrepreneurs’ stress, which leads to increased negative affect, which ultimately undermines their health conditions. Using a sample of 152 Iranian entrepreneurs, we found support for our hypotheses as our results suggest that insomnia has a positive (and detrimental) effect on poor health (via more stress and negative affect). Contrary to research calls focused on stress reduction as one performance improvement mechanism, our results suggest sleep quality as a more effective mechanism for entrepreneurs to reduce their stress and to improve their health. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.

Studying entrepreneurial occupations in the Terman women

To achieve a better understanding of entrepreneurship development in women, longitudinal data on 672 individuals collected from 1922 to 1959 were analysed in a secondary investigation of the Terman Longitudinal Study. Women's reports on their occupations during 10 different years were assigned to one of two categories: work for pay (0/1), and work allowing for self-employment (0/1) in the respective year. Structural equation modelling supported earlier results concerning male entrepreneurial activity. Personality and aspects of the parenting context the women had experienced by the average age of 12 predicted early entrepreneurial competencies (inventions, leadership) and occupational interests by age 13, which related to an entrepreneurship-related career goal in 1936, when the participants were about 27 years of age on average. Such a career goal in turn predicted a higher number of occasions of entrepreneurship-prone work. Surprisingly, we also found a relationship to divorce. Women who had experienced the failure of a marriage were in occupations with a potential for entrepreneurship more often. Reasons are discussed against a backdrop of historical timing and current findings to identify general aspects of entrepreneurship development.

Examining the emerging entrepreneurial mindset in adolescence: A study in Nigeria

This study investigated the relationship of family environment, network, parental socio-economic status, self-efficacy and proactive personality on entrepreneurial intention of secondary school adolescents and the mediating role of self-efficacy. The participants were 250 secondary school SS2 adolescents randomly selected from six secondary schools in Ibadan Metropolis, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the data obtained from the participants. The results showed that all the contextual and individual factors had significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship. It was suggested that counselling psychologists should consider the contextual and individual variables while assisting students in building their entrepreneurial intention.