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Kałużewski T, Kubiak I, Bednarek M, Sałamunia J, Kucharska D, Kępczyński Ł, Stempień M, Kubicki T, Trzciński R, Gordon-Sönmez Z, Bartosińska-Dyc A, Gach A, Kałużewski B. Report on the Effect of the Implementation of an Early Detection and Prevention of Cancer Program on Families at High Hereditary Risk-Concentrating on Patients Undergoing Genetic Diagnostics and Counseling in Central Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13178. [PMID: 37685988 PMCID: PMC10488022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a 46-month period, the objectives of the National Cancer Control Program (NCCP, pol. Narodowy Program Zwalczania Chorób Nowotworowych), coordinated by the Ministry of Health, were pursued by conducting genetic diagnostics on individuals at high risk of developing cancer. A total of 1097 individuals were enrolled in the study, leading to the identification of 128 cases of germline mutations. The implementation of the NCCP led to the identification of genetic mutations in 4.43% of the patients qualified for BRCA1 and BRCA2 screening tests, in 18.18% of those qualified for a comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel in cases of breast and ovarian cancer, and in 17.36% of cases of colorectal and endometrial cancer. The research conducted allowed us to establish individualized preventive and therapeutic approaches for mutation carriers. However, the results prove that liberalizing the inclusion criteria for high-throughput diagnostics and the use of broad gene panels could significantly increase the percentage of detected carriers. This publication serves as a summary and discussion of the results obtained from the implementation of the NCCP as well as of the role of genetic consulting in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Kałużewski
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Izabela Kubiak
- R&D Department, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, GENOS Sp. z o.o., 91-033 Lodz, Poland (B.K.)
- Regional Center for Cancer Prevention, Zduńska Wola District Hospital Sp. z o.o., 98-220 Zdunska Wola, Poland
| | - Michał Bednarek
- R&D Department, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, GENOS Sp. z o.o., 91-033 Lodz, Poland (B.K.)
| | - Jordan Sałamunia
- R&D Department, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, GENOS Sp. z o.o., 91-033 Lodz, Poland (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Kucharska
- R&D Department, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, GENOS Sp. z o.o., 91-033 Lodz, Poland (B.K.)
- Regional Center for Cancer Prevention, Zduńska Wola District Hospital Sp. z o.o., 98-220 Zdunska Wola, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kępczyński
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Marek Stempień
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery with the Subdepartment of Oncological Surgery, Provincial Hospital John Paul II in Bełchatów, 97-400 Belchatow, Poland (R.T.)
| | | | - Radzisław Trzciński
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery with the Subdepartment of Oncological Surgery, Provincial Hospital John Paul II in Bełchatów, 97-400 Belchatow, Poland (R.T.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medium of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Zofia Gordon-Sönmez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zduńska Wola District Hospital Sp. z o.o., 98-220 Zdunska Wola, Poland
| | - Anna Bartosińska-Dyc
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zduńska Wola District Hospital Sp. z o.o., 98-220 Zdunska Wola, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gach
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Bogdan Kałużewski
- R&D Department, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, GENOS Sp. z o.o., 91-033 Lodz, Poland (B.K.)
- Regional Center for Cancer Prevention, Zduńska Wola District Hospital Sp. z o.o., 98-220 Zdunska Wola, Poland
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Ferreyra Y, Rosas G, Cock-Rada AM, Araujo J, Bravo L, Doimi F, Casas J, Clavo MDLÁ, Pinto JA, Belmar-López C. Landscape of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 variants in breast and ovarian cancer in Peru. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227864. [PMID: 37664050 PMCID: PMC10470619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing amount of data from Latin America on the characterization of BRCA variants; however, there is limited information from Peru. We conducted a retrospective study to describe germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP) variants and variants of uncertain/unknown significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Peru, in patients with breast and ovarian cancer, candidates for treatment with poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Methods The patients were evaluated during the period 2019-2021. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and targeted sequencing was performed using the Ampliseq BRCA panel. Genetic variant interpretation was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and ClinVar. During this period, 525 patients (143 with breast cancer and 382 with ovarian cancer) were studied. Results We found that 14.7% (21/143) of breast cancer patients and 20.7% (79/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of P/LP variants in BRCA1/2. The most frequent pathogenic variants detected in BRCA1 were c.2105dupT (BIC: 2224insT, n=12, 18.75%), c.68_69delAG (BIC: 185delAG, n=6, 9.38%), c.140G>T and c.815_824dupAGCCATGTGG (n=5, 7.81%), while in BRCA2 were c.8023A>G (n=6, 16.67%), c.6024dupG (BIC: 6252insG, n=4, 11.11%), and c.9235delG (BIC: 9463delG, n=3, 8.33%). Regarding VUS, we found that 6.99% (10/143) of breast cancer patients and 7.33% (28/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of a VUS in BRCA1/2. For BRCA1, the most frequent VUS was c.93C>G (n=2), and for BRCA2, c.5465A>T (n=4), c.3101T>C (n=3), c.205C>A and c.437T>C (n=2). Conclusion We found a frequency of 14.7% germline mutations in breast cancer patients and 20.7% in ovarian cancer patients. The most recurrent mutations were BRCA1 c.2105dupT and BRCA2 c.8023A>G. We found that BRCA2 c.8023A>G, c.6024dupG, and c.9235delG were not previously reported in Peruvian patients. BRCA1 c.2344dupA is a novel mutation that has not been previously reported in any database. The frequency of VUS in our cohort was 7.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomali Ferreyra
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnología, Lima, Peru
| | - Gina Rosas
- Departamento de Patología, Insituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Alicia M. Cock-Rada
- Departmento de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Cancerología Las Américas - Auna, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jhajaira Araujo
- Centro de Investigación Básicas y traslacional, Auna Ideas, Lima, Peru
| | - Leny Bravo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Básicas y traslacional, Auna Ideas, Lima, Peru
| | - Carolina Belmar-López
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
- Oncogenomics, Auna, Lima, Peru
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Gliniewicz K, Kluźniak W, Wokołorczyk D, Huzarski T, Stempa K, Rudnicka H, Jakubowska A, Szwiec M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Naczk M, Kluz T, Dębniak T, Gronwald J, Lubiński J, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Cybulski C. The APOBEC3B c.783delG Truncating Mutation Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in the Polish Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1329. [PMID: 37510234 PMCID: PMC10379723 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The APOBEC3B gene belongs to a cluster of DNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22 and encodes an activation-induced cytidine deaminase. A large deletion of APOBEC3B was associated with increased breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive. To investigate whether or not APOBEC3B is a breast cancer susceptibility gene, we sequenced this gene in 617 Polish patients with hereditary breast cancer. We detected a single recurrent truncating mutation (c.783delG, p.Val262Phefs) in four of the 617 (0.65%) hereditary cases by sequencing. We then genotyped an additional 12,484 women with unselected breast cancer and 3740 cancer-free women for the c.783delG mutation. The APOBEC3B c.783delG allele was detected in 60 (0.48%) unselected cases and 19 (0.51%) controls (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.56-1.59, p = 0.94). The allele was present in 8 of 1968 (0.41%) familial breast cancer patients from unselected cases (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.35-1.83, p = 0.74). Clinical characteristics of breast tumors in carriers of the APOBEC3B mutation and non-carriers were similar. No cancer type was more frequent in the relatives of mutation carriers than in those of non-carriers. We conclude the APOBEC3B deleterious mutation p.Val262Phefs does not confer breast cancer risk. These data do not support the hypothesis that APOBEC3B is a breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gliniewicz
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | | | - Mariusz Naczk
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical, Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada; (S.A.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Akbari
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada; (S.A.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
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Gronwald J, Cybulski C, Huzarski T, Jakubowska A, Debniak T, Lener M, Narod SA, Lubinski J. Genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer in Poland: 1998-2022. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 37312208 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-023-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations contribute to both breast cancer and ovarian cancer worldwide. In Poland approximately 4% of patients with breast cancers and 10% of patients with ovarian cancer carry a mutation in BRCA1. The majority of mutations consist of three founder mutations. A rapid inexpensive test for these three mutations can be used to screen all Polish adults at a reasonable cost. In the region of Pomerania of North-western Poland nearly half a million tests have been performed, in large part through engaging family doctors and providing ready access to testing through the Pomeranian Medical University. The following commentary provides a history of genetic testing for cancer in Pomerania and the current approach to facilitating access to genetic testing at the Cancer Family Clinic for all adults living in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Debniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Womens College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Cybulski C, Zamani N, Kluźniak W, Milano L, Wokołorczyk D, Stempa K, Rudnicka H, Zhang S, Zadeh M, Huzarski T, Jakubowska A, Dębniak T, Lener M, Szwiec M, Domagała P, Samani AA, Narod S, Gronwald J, Masson JY, Lubiński J, Akbari MR. Variants in ATRIP are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in the Polish population and UK Biobank. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:648-662. [PMID: 36977412 PMCID: PMC10119148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several breast cancer susceptibility genes have been discovered, but more are likely to exist. To identify additional breast cancer susceptibility genes, we used the founder population of Poland and performed whole-exome sequencing on 510 women with familial breast cancer and 308 control subjects. We identified a rare mutation in ATRIP (GenBank: NM_130384.3: c.1152_1155del [p.Gly385Ter]) in two women with breast cancer. At the validation phase, we found this variant in 42/16,085 unselected Polish breast cancer-affected individuals and in 11/9,285 control subjects (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.13-4.28, p = 0.02). By analyzing the sequence data of the UK Biobank study participants (450,000 individuals), we identified ATRIP loss-of-function variants among 13/15,643 breast cancer-affected individuals versus 40/157,943 control subjects (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.76-6.14, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry and functional studies showed the ATRIP c.1152_1155del variant allele is weakly expressed compared to the wild-type allele, and truncated ATRIP fails to perform its normal function to prevent replicative stress. We showed that tumors of women with breast cancer who have a germline ATRIP mutation have loss of heterozygosity at the site of ATRIP mutation and genomic homologous recombination deficiency. ATRIP is a critical partner of ATR that binds to RPA coating single-stranded DNA at sites of stalled DNA replication forks. Proper activation of ATR-ATRIP elicits a DNA damage checkpoint crucial in regulating cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Based on our observations, we conclude ATRIP is a breast cancer susceptibility gene candidate linking DNA replication stress to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Neda Zamani
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Larissa Milano
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Zadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amir Abbas Samani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Humber River Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Mroczek M, Liu J, Sypniewski M, Pieńkowski T, Itrych B, Stojak J, Pronobis-Szczylik B, Stępień M, Kaja E, Dąbrowski M, Suchocki T, Wojtaszewska M, Zawadzki P, Mach A, Sztromwasser P, Król ZJ, Szyda J, Dobosz P. The cancer-risk variant frequency among Polish population reported by the first national whole-genome sequencing study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1045817. [PMID: 36845707 PMCID: PMC9950741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1045817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Population-based cancer screening has raised many controversies in recent years, not only regarding the costs but also regarding the ethical nature and issues related to variant interpretation. Nowadays, genetic cancer screening standards are different in every country and usually encompass only individuals with a personal or family history of relevant cancer. Methods Here we performed a broad genetic screening for cancer-related rare germline variants on population data from the Thousand Polish Genomes database based on 1076 Polish unrelated individuals that underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results We identified 19 551 rare variants in 806 genes related to oncological diseases, among them 89% have been located in non-coding regions. The combined BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic according to ClinVar allele frequency in the unselected population of 1076 Poles was 0.42%, corresponding to nine carriers. Discussion Altogether, on the population level, we found especially problematic the assessment of the pathogenicity of variants and the relation of ACMG guidelines to the population frequency. Some of the variants may be overinterpreted as disease-causing due to their rarity or lack of annotation in the databases. On the other hand, some relevant variants may have been overseen given that there is little pooled population whole genome data on oncology. Before population WGS screening will become a standard, further studies are needed to assess the frequency of the variants suspected to be pathogenic on the population level and with reporting of likely benign variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mroczek
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Magdalena Mroczek,
| | - Jakub Liu
- Biostatistics Group, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sypniewski
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pieńkowski
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Postgraduate Medical Education Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Itrych
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stojak
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | | | - Maria Stępień
- Department of Sports Medicine, Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kaja
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Suchocki
- Biostatistics Group, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland,National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Marzena Wojtaszewska
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland,Department of Haematology, Frederic Chopin Provincial Specialist Hospital, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Anna Mach
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew J. Król
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szyda
- Biostatistics Group, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland,National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Jankowski M, Daca-Roszak P, Obracht-Prondzyński C, Płoski R, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Ziętkiewicz E. Genetic diversity in Kashubs: the regional increase in the frequency of several disease-causing variants. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:691-701. [PMID: 35971028 PMCID: PMC9637066 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Differential distribution of genetic variants’ frequency among human populations is caused by the genetic drift in isolated populations, historical migrations, and demography. Some of these variants are identical by descent and represent founder mutations, which — if pathogenic in nature — lead to the increased frequency of otherwise rare diseases. The detection of the increased regional prevalence of pathogenic variants may shed light on the historical processes that affected studied populations and can help to develop effective screening and diagnostic strategies as a part of personalized medicine. Here, we discuss the specific genetic diversity in Kashubs, the minority group living in northern Poland, reflected in the biased distribution of some of the repetitively found disease-causing variants. These include the following: (1) c.662A > G (p.Asp221Gly) in LDLR, causing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; (2) c.3700_3704del in BRCA1, associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome; (3) c.1528G > C (p.Glu510Gln) in HADHA, seen in long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, and (4) c.1032delT in NPHS2, associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata S Lipska-Ziętkiewicz
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Centre for Rare Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ziętkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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8
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Association of recurrent mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, PALB2, and CHEK2 with the risk of borderline ovarian tumor. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:11. [PMID: 35313928 PMCID: PMC8935754 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are several genes associated with ovarian cancer risk. Molecular changes in borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) indicate linkage of this disease to type I ovarian tumors (low-grade ovarian carcinomas). This study determined the prevalence and association of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, and CHEK2 with the risk of BOTs. Methods The study group consisted of 102 patients with histologically confirmed BOT and 1743 healthy controls. In addition, 167 cases with ovarian cancer G1 were analyzed. The analyses included genotyping of 21 founder and recurrent mutations localized in 5 genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, and CHEK2). The risk for developing BOT and low-grade ovarian cancer, as well as the association of tested mutations with survival, was estimated. Results The CHEK2 missense mutation (c.470T>C) was associated with 2-times increased risk of BOT (OR=2.05, p=0.03), at an earlier age at diagnosis and about 10% worse rate of a 10-year survival. Mutations in BRCA1 and PALB2 were associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer G1 (OR=8.53, p=0.005 and OR=7.03, p=0.03, respectively) and were related to worse all-cause survival for BRCA1 carriers (HR=4.73, 95%CI 1.45–15.43, p=0.01). Conclusions Results suggest that CHEK2 (c.470T>C) may possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of BOT, but due to the low number of BOT patients, obtained results should be considered as preliminary. Larger more in-depth studies are required.
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9
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Endo S, Yoshino Y, Shirota M, Watanabe G, Chiba N. BRCA1/ATF1-Mediated Transactivation is Involved in Resistance to PARP Inhibitors and Cisplatin. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:90-105. [PMID: 36860287 PMCID: PMC9973406 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors through a synthetic lethal effect. We previously developed an HR activity assay named Assay of Site-Specific HR Activity (ASHRA). Here, we evaluated the HR activity of 30 missense variants of BRCA1 by ASHRA and found that several BRCA1 variants showed intermediate HR activity, which was not clearly discerned by our previous analyses using a conventional method. HR activity measured by ASHRA was significantly correlated with sensitivity to olaparib. However, cells expressing the severely HR-deficient BRCA1-C61G variant were resistant to olaparib, and resistance was dependent on high expression of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), which binds to BRCA1 and activates the transcription of target genes to regulate cell proliferation. The BRCA1-C61G variant bound to ATF1 and stimulated ATF1-mediated transactivation similar to wild-type BRCA1. High expression of ATF1 conferred resistance to olaparib and cisplatin activating BRCA1/ATF1-mediated transcription without affecting HR activity in BRCA2-knockdown or RAD51-knockdown cells, but not in BRCA1-knockdown cells. These results suggest that ASHRA is a useful method to evaluate HR activity in cells and to predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The expression level of ATF1 might be an important biomarker of the effect of PARP inhibitors and platinum agents on HR-deficient tumors with the BRCA1-C61G variant or alteration of non-BRCA1 HR factors such as BRCA2 and RAD51. Significance ASHRA could evaluate HR activity in cells and predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. High expression level of ATF1 may predict the resistance of BRCAness tumors with alterations of non-BRCA1 HR factors to PARP inhibitors and platinum agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Endo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gou Watanabe
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Szwiec M, Tomiczek-Szwiec J, Kluźniak W, Wokołorczyk D, Osowiecka K, Sibilski R, Wachowiak M, Gronwald J, Gronwald H, Lubiński J, Cybulski C, Narod SA, Huzarski T. Genetic predisposition to male breast cancer in Poland. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:975. [PMID: 34461861 PMCID: PMC8406897 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in men accounts for fewer than 1 % of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in men and women. Genes which predispose to male breast cancer include BRCA1 and BRCA2. The role of other genes is less clear. In Poland, 20 founder mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN, RECQL are responsible for the majority of hereditary breast cancer cases in women, but the utility this genes panel has not been tested in men. METHODS We estimated the prevalence of 20 alleles in six genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN, RECQL) in 165 Polish male breast cancer patients. We compared the frequency of selected variants in male breast cancer cases and controls. RESULTS One of the 20 mutations was seen in 22 of 165 cases (13.3%). Only one BRCA1 mutation and two BRCA2 mutations were found. We observed statistically significant associations for PALB2 and CHEK2 truncating mutations. A PALB2 mutation was detected in four cases (OR = 11.66; p < 0.001). A CHEK2 truncating mutation was detected in five cases (OR = 2.93;p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we recommend that a molecular test for BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and CHEK2 recurrent mutations should be offered to male breast cancer patients in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046, Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Osowiecka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Al. Warszawska 30, 11-041, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Sibilski
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wachowiak
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Zyty 26, 65-046, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Gronwald
- Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046, Zielona Góra, Poland
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11
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Recurrent Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, PALB2 and CHEK2 in Polish Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040849. [PMID: 33670479 PMCID: PMC7921976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency and magnitude of association of 21 recurrent founder germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, and CHEK2 genes with ovarian cancer risk among unselected patients in Poland. We genotyped 21 recurrent germline mutations in BRCA1 (9 mutations), BRCA2 (4 mutations), RAD51C (3 mutations), PALB2 (2 mutations), and CHEK2 (3 mutations) among 2270 Polish ovarian cancer patients and 1743 healthy controls, and assessed the odds ratios (OR) for developing ovarian cancer for each gene. Mutations were detected in 369 out of 2095 (17.6%) unselected ovarian cancer cases and 117 out of 1743 (6.7%) unaffected controls. The ovarian cancer risk was associated with mutations in BRCA1 (OR = 40.79, 95% CI: 18.67-114.78; p = 0.29 × 10-15), in BRCA2 (OR = 25.98; 95% CI: 1.55-434.8; p = 0.001), in RAD51C (OR = 6.28; 95% CI 1.77-39.9; p = 0.02), and in PALB2 (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 1.06-14.68; p = 0.06). There was no association found for CHEK2. We found that pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C or PALB2 are responsible for 12.5% of unselected cases of ovarian cancer. We recommend that all women with ovarian cancer in Poland and first-degree female relatives should be tested for this panel of 18 mutations.
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12
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Behl S, Hamel N, de Ladurantaye M, Lepage S, Lapointe R, Mes-Masson AM, Foulkes WD. Founder BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2 pathogenic variants in French-Canadian breast cancer cases and controls. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6491. [PMID: 32300229 PMCID: PMC7162921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited germline pathogenic variants are responsible for ~5% of breast cancer globally. Through rapid expansion and isolation since immigration in the early 17th century, French Canadians are a relatively genetically homogenous founder population and therefore represent a unique demographic for genetic contributions to disease. To date, twenty variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 that predispose families to breast and ovarian cancer have been identified as recurring in the French-Canadian founder population. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and validity of targeted genetic testing for these variants in Montreal French Canadians. A total of 555 breast cancer cases unselected for family history or age of diagnosis were genotyped, along with 1940 controls without a personal or family history of cancer. A Sequenom genotyping assay identified a pathogenic variant in 0.2% (5 of 1940) of cancer-free controls, and 3.8% (21/555) of breast cancer cases. Almost 10% (12/113) of early onset cases were heterozygous for founder BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant. Of twenty variants tested, only seven were identified in this study. The option of providing this test as population-based screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Behl
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Hamel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon de Ladurantaye
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lepage
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Solmaz AE, Onay H, Yeniay L, Gökmen E, Özdemir N, Alanyalı S, Oktay A, Özsaran Z, Kapkaç M, Özkınay F. BRCA1-BRCA2 mutation analysis results in 910 individuals: Mutation distribution and 8 novel mutations. Cancer Genet 2020; 241:20-24. [PMID: 31954625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Ece Solmaz
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Yeniay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Gökmen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Özdemir
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Senem Alanyalı
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Oktay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özsaran
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Kapkaç
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Özkınay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Tamhankar A, Tamhankar T. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (BRCA) Gene: Concept, Pathways, Therapeutics, and Future. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_172_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHereditary breast and ovarian cancers are most commonly caused by mutations in BRCA1 and 2 genes. These are autosomal dominant mutations with high penetrance into subsequent generations. Affected individuals have deficiency in DNA repair mechanisms such as double strand DNA breaks (DSB) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). These tumors are peculiar due to early age of onset, typical histology such as triple negative breast cancers and high grade serous ovarian cancers and exquisite sensitivity to platinum analogues. These patients usually have better survival as compared to their wild type counterparts. Incidence of these mutations is rising due to better awareness about them amongst oncologists and patient population. Various genomic assays are available to detect germline and somatic BRCA mutations. Newer therapeutic frontiers like PARP inhibition have opened up due to better understanding of various mutations and their impact on subsequent pathways. Further studies are required to explore possibility of direct BRCA inhibition which may be useful in treatment of other solid organ cancers as well. This review focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of BRCA mutations, various pathways associated with the same, chemosensitivity patterns amongst affected cancer cells, targeted therapeutic opportunities and potential future developments in this field. We collected data from various published electronic records on google and have no conflicts of interest to be declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Tamhankar
- Deartment of Surgical Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Prajzendanc K, Domagała P, Hybiak J, Ryś J, Huzarski T, Szwiec M, Tomiczek-Szwiec J, Redelbach W, Sejda A, Gronwald J, Kluz T, Wiśniowski R, Cybulski C, Łukomska A, Białkowska K, Sukiennicki G, Kulczycka K, Narod SA, Wojdacz TK, Lubiński J, Jakubowska A. BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood is associated with the risk of triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1293-1298. [PMID: 31469414 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 gene in DNA derived from peripheral blood cells is a possible risk factor for breast cancer. It is not clear if this association is restricted to certain types of breast cancer or is a general phenomenon. We evaluated BRCA1 methylation status in peripheral blood cells from 942 breast cancer patients and from 500 controls. We also assessed methylation status in 262 paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. Methylation status was assessed using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting and was categorized as positive or negative. BRCA1 methylation in peripheral blood cells was strongly associated with the risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (odds ratio [OR] 4.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.13-7.07; p < 0.001), but not of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer (OR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.46-1.42; p = 0.46). Methylation was also overrepresented among patients with high-grade cancers (OR 4.53; 95% CI: 2.91-7.05; p < 0.001) and medullary cancers (OR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.38-6.88; p = 0.006). Moreover, we detected a significant concordance of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood and paired tumor tissue (p < 0.001). We found that BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells is associated with approximately five times greater risk of TNBC. We propose that BRCA1 methylation in blood-derived DNA could be a novel biomarker of increased breast cancer susceptibility, in particular for triple-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Hybiak
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Tomiczek-Szwiec
- Department of Histology, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.,Regional Oncology Centre, Opole, Poland
| | - Wojciech Redelbach
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.,Patomorphology Department, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Institute of Obstetric and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiśniowski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Regional Oncology Centre, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Łukomska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulczycka
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomasz K Wojdacz
- Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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16
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Kluźniak W, Wokołorczyk D, Rusak B, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Stempa K, Rudnicka H, Kashyap A, Dębniak T, Jakubowska A, Lener M, Szwiec M, Tomiczek-Szwiec J, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Cechowska M, Domagała P, Szymiczek A, Bagherzadeh M, Lubiński J, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Cybulski C. Inherited variants in XRCC2 and the risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:657-663. [PMID: 31463769 PMCID: PMC6817746 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background XRCC2 participates in homologous recombination and in DNA repair. XRCC2 has been reported to be a breast cancer susceptibility gene and is now included in several breast cancer susceptibility gene panels. Methods We sequenced XRCC2 in 617 Polish women with familial breast cancer and found a founder mutation. We then genotyped 12,617 women with breast cancer and 4599 controls for the XRCC2 founder mutation. Results We identified a recurrent truncating mutation of XRCC2 (c.96delT, p.Phe32fs) in 3 of 617 patients with familial breast cancer who were sequenced. The c.96delT mutation was then detected in 29 of 12,617 unselected breast cancer cases (0.23%) compared to 11 of 4599 cancer-free women (0.24%) (OR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.48–1.93). The mutation frequency in 1988 women with familial breast cancer was 0.2% (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.27–2.65). Breast cancers in XRCC2 mutation carriers and non-carriers were similar with respect to age of diagnosis and clinical characteristics. Loss of the wild-type XRCC2 allele was observed only in one of the eight breast cancers from patients who carried the XRCC2 mutation. No cancer type was more common in first- or second-degree relatives of XRCC2 mutation carriers than in relatives of the non-carriers. Conclusion XRCC2 c.96delT is a protein-truncating founder variant in Poland. There is no evidence that this mutation predisposes to breast cancer (and other cancers). It is premature to consider XRCC2 as a breast cancer-predisposing gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kluźniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogna Rusak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Tomiczek-Szwiec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.,Department of Oncological Gynecology, Oncology Center in Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Cechowska
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Outpatients Clinic in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Szymiczek
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.
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17
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Cybulski C, Kluźniak W, Huzarski T, Wokołorczyk D, Kashyap A, Rusak B, Stempa K, Gronwald J, Szymiczek A, Bagherzadeh M, Jakubowska A, Dębniak T, Lener M, Rudnicka H, Szwiec M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Stawicka M, Domagała P, Narod SA, Lubiński J, Akbari MR. The spectrum of mutations predisposing to familial breast cancer in Poland. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3311-3320. [PMID: 31173646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To optimize genetic testing, it is necessary to establish the spectrum of breast cancer-predisposing mutations in particular ethnic groups. We studied 1,018 women with a strong family history for breast cancer (families with hereditary breast cancer; HBC) from genetically homogenous population of Poland, which is populated by ethnic Slavs, for mutations in 14 cancer susceptibility genes. Additionally, we compared the frequency of candidate pathogenic variants in breast cancer cases and controls. Germline mutations were detected in 512 of 1,018 probands with breast cancer (50.3%), including BRCA1/2 mutations detected in 420 families and non-BRCA mutations seen in 92 families. Thirteen BRCA1/2 founder mutations represented 84% of all BRCA1/2-positive cases. Seven founder mutations of CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL represented 73% of all non-BRCA-positive cases. Odds ratios for hereditary breast cancer were 87.6 for BRCA1, 15.4 for PALB2, 7.2 for CHEK2, 2.8 for NBN and 15.8 for RECQL. Odds ratios for XRCC2, BLM and BARD1 were below 1.3. In summary, we found that 20 founder mutations in six genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL) are responsible for 82% of Polish hereditary breast cancer families. A simple test for these 20 mutations will facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in Poland. It may also facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in other Slavic populations and women of Slavic descent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogna Rusak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Szymiczek
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Stawicka
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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18
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Briggs S, Slade I. Evaluating the Integration of Genomics into Cancer Screening Programmes: Challenges and Opportunities. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:63-74. [PMID: 32117599 PMCID: PMC7019642 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As the costs of genomic testing have fallen, and our understanding of genetic susceptibility to cancers has grown, there has been increasing interest in incorporating testing for cancer susceptibility genes, and polygenic risk estimates, into population cancer screening. A growing body of evidence suggests that this would be both clinically and cost-effective. In this article, we aim to explore the frameworks used to evaluate screening programmes, evaluate whether population screening for cancer susceptibility can be assessed using these standards, and consider additional issues and outcomes of importance in this context. RECENT FINDINGS There are tensions between traditional approaches of genetic testing (utilising tests with high sensitivity and specificity) and the principles of population screening (in which the screening test typically has low specificity), as well as the frameworks used to evaluate the two. Despite the existence of many screening guidelines, including consensus papers, these often do not align fully with broader considerations of genetic test evaluation. Population screening for genetic risk in cancer shifts the focus from diagnostics to prognostication and has wider implications for personal and familial health than existing screening programmes. In addition, understanding of the prevalence and penetrance of cancer susceptibility genes, required by many screening guidelines, may only be obtainable through population-level testing; prospective multi-disciplinary research alongside implementation will be essential. SUMMARY Appropriate evaluation of genetic screening for cancer risk will require modification of existing screening frameworks to incorporate additional complexity of outcomes and population values. As evidence supporting population screening for cancer susceptibility mounts, development of an appropriate evaluative framework, and expansion of public dialogue will be key to informing policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Briggs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Ingrid Slade
- Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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19
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Kowalik A, Siołek M, Kopczyński J, Krawiec K, Kalisz J, Zięba S, Kozak-Klonowska B, Wypiórkiewicz E, Furmańczyk J, Nowak-Ozimek E, Chłopek M, Macek P, Smok-Kalwat J, Góźdź S. BRCA1 founder mutations and beyond in the Polish population: A single-institution BRCA1/2 next-generation sequencing study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201086. [PMID: 30040829 PMCID: PMC6057642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary mutations in BRCA1/2 genes increase the risk of breast cancer by 60–80% and ovarian cancer by about 20–40% in female carriers. Detection of inherited mutations in asymptomatic carriers allows for the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. BRCA1/2 genotyping is also important for poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor administration. This work addresses the need for next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations in Poland where until recently mostly founder mutations have been tested, and whether BRCA diagnostics should be extended beyond the panel of founder mutations in this population. The study comprises 2931 patients who were referred for genetic counseling and tested for founder and recurrent mutations in BRCA1 (5382insC (c.5266dupC; p.Gln1756Profs), c.5370C>T (c.5251C>T; p.R1751*), 300T>G (c.181T>G; p.Cys61Gly), 185delAG (c.68_69delAG; p.Glu23Valfs), and 4153delA (c.4035delA; p.Glu1346Lysfs)) by high-resolution melting/Sanger sequencing. A total of 103 (3.5%) mutations were detected, including 53 (51%) in healthy subjects and 50 (49%) in cancer patients. Then, based on more stringent clinical and pedigree criteria, sequencing of all BRCA1/2 exons was performed in 454 (16%) patients without founder mutations by NGS, which detected 58 mutations (12.8%), 40 (8.8%) of which were pathogenic. In 14 (3.1%) subjects, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were detected, and in four (0.9%) subjects, the detected mutations were benign. In total, 161 mutations were detected using our two-step algorithm (founder test and NGS), of which 64% were founder mutations, 25% were NGS-detected pathogenic mutations, 9% were VUS, and 2% were benign. In addition, 38 mutations not yet reported in the Polish population were detected. In total, founder mutations accounted for only 64% of all detected mutations, and the remaining mutations (36%) were dispersed across the BRCA1/2 gene sequences. Thus, in Poland, testing for constitutional mutations in BRCA1/2 should be carried out in two stages, where NGS is performed in qualifying subjects if founder mutations are not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Monika Siołek
- Genetic Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Krawiec
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalisz
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sebastian Zięba
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | | | - Jowita Furmańczyk
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Chłopek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Paweł Macek
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Oncology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland
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20
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Jóźwik M, Posmyk R, Jóźwik M, Semczuk A, Gogiel-Shields M, Kuś-Słowińska M, Garbowicz M, Klukowski M, Wojciechowicz J. Breast cancer in an 18-year-old female: A fatal case report and literature review. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:543-548. [PMID: 29723101 PMCID: PMC5989804 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1416931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in both pre- and postmenopausal women. However, it is exceedingly rare in very young patients, and especially in adolescents. Herein, we report a case of an 18-year-old female diagnosed with invasive BC. The proband had been found to be negative for BC in close family members. A common BC genetic screening test for the Polish population did not detect any known founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Further evaluation identified a p.Ile157Thr (I157T) mutation in the CHEK2 gene, a p.Ala1991Val (A1991V) variant of unknown significance in the BRCA2 gene, p.Lys751Gln (K751Q) variant in the XPD (ERCC2) gene, and a homozygous p.Glu1008Ter (E1008*) mutation in the NOD2 gene. No other mutation had been found by next generation sequencing in major BC high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1, BRCA2, as well as 92 other genes. To date, all these found alterations have been considered as low to moderate risk factors in the general population and moderate risk factors in younger women (<35 years of age). There are no previous articles relating low and moderate risk gene mutations to very young onset (below 20 years) BC with a fatal outcome. In our patient, a possible cumulative or synergistic risk effect for these 4 alterations, and a mutation in the NOD2 gene in particular, of which both presumably healthy parents were found to be carriers, is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Semczuk
- II Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gogiel-Shields
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marta Kuś-Słowińska
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Garbowicz
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mark Klukowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Wojciechowicz
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland
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21
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Mylavarapu S, Das A, Roy M. Role of BRCA Mutations in the Modulation of Response to Platinum Therapy. Front Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29459887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00016] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen cancer emerge as one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide with breast cancer being the second most common cause of death among women. Individuals harboring BRCA mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. This risk is much greater in the presence of germline mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play crucial role in the DNA damage response and repair pathway, a function that is critical in preserving the integrity of the genome. Mutations that interfere with normal cellular function of BRCA not only lead to onset and progression of cancer but also modulate therapy outcome of treatment with platinum drugs. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional impact of some of the prevalent BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancers and their role in platinum therapy response. Understanding the response of platinum drugs in the context of BRCA mutations may contribute toward developing better therapeutics that can improve survival and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mylavarapu
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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22
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Mylavarapu S, Das A, Roy M. Role of BRCA Mutations in the Modulation of Response to Platinum Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:16. [PMID: 29459887 PMCID: PMC5807680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen cancer emerge as one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide with breast cancer being the second most common cause of death among women. Individuals harboring BRCA mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. This risk is much greater in the presence of germline mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play crucial role in the DNA damage response and repair pathway, a function that is critical in preserving the integrity of the genome. Mutations that interfere with normal cellular function of BRCA not only lead to onset and progression of cancer but also modulate therapy outcome of treatment with platinum drugs. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional impact of some of the prevalent BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancers and their role in platinum therapy response. Understanding the response of platinum drugs in the context of BRCA mutations may contribute toward developing better therapeutics that can improve survival and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mylavarapu
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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23
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Abou-El-Naga A, Shaban A, Ghazy H, Elsaid A, Elshazli R, Settin A. Frequency of BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and BRCA2 (6174delT) mutations in Egyptian women with breast cancer compared to healthy controls. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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24
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Klonowska K, Kluzniak W, Rusak B, Jakubowska A, Ratajska M, Krawczynska N, Vasilevska D, Czubak K, Wojciechowska M, Cybulski C, Lubinski J, Kozlowski P. The 30 kb deletion in the APOBEC3 cluster decreases APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B expression and creates a transcriptionally active hybrid gene but does not associate with breast cancer in the European population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76357-76374. [PMID: 29100317 PMCID: PMC5652711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3B, in addition to other members of the APOBEC3 gene family, has recently been intensively studied due to its identification as a gene whose activation in cancer is responsible for a specific pattern of massively occurring somatic mutations. It was recently shown that a common large deletion in the APOBEC3 cluster (the APOBEC3B deletion) may increase the risk of breast cancer. However, conflicting evidence regarding this association was also reported. In the first step of our study, using different approaches, including an in-house designed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay, we analyzed the structure of the deletion and showed that although the breakpoints are located in highly homologous regions, which may generate recurrent occurrence of similar but not identical deletions, there is no sign of deletion heterogeneity. This knowledge allowed us to distinguish transcripts of all affected genes, including the highly homologous canonical APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, and the hybrid APOBEC3A/APOBEC3B gene. We unambiguously confirmed the presence of the hybrid transcript and showed that the APOBEC3B deletion negatively correlates with APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B expression and positively correlates with APOBEC3A/APOBEC3B expression, whose mRNA level is >10-fold and >1500-fold lower than the level of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, respectively. In the next step, we performed a large-scale association study in three different cohorts (2972 cases and 3682 controls) and showed no association of the deletion with breast cancer, familial breast cancer or ovarian cancer. Further, we conducted a meta-analysis that confirmed the lack of the association of the deletion with breast cancer in non-Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klonowska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogna Rusak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ratajska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Krawczynska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Vasilevska
- Department of Gynecology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karol Czubak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Wojciechowska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Rotating night work, lifestyle factors, obesity and promoter methylation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among nurses and midwives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178792. [PMID: 28594926 PMCID: PMC5464581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some recent evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors may modify DNA methylation. We hypothesized that rotating night work and several modifiable factors may be associated with the methylation of the promoter regions within two tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. The methylation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was determined via qMSP reactions using DNA samples derived from blood leucocytes of 347 nurses and midwives working rotating nights and 363 working during the days. The subjects were classified into unmethylated vs methylated BRCA1 and BRCA2 when the methylation index was 0% or >0%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for night work status, smoking, obesity, physical activity and alcohol drinking. Current night shift work or night work history was not associated with methylation status of the promoter sites within BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We observed weak associations between smoking and the methylation status of BRCA1 with OR = 1.50 (95%CI: 0.98–2.29) for current smoking, OR = 1.83, 95CI: 1.08–3.13 for smoking longer than 31 years, and 0.1>p>0.05 for trends for the number of cigarettes per day, smoking duration and packyears. In conclusion, no links between night shift work and methylation of the promoter region within the BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes were observed in this exploratory analysis. The findings of our study weakly support the hypothesis that smoking may contribute to epigenetic events.
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26
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Menkiszak J, Sopik V, Chudecka-Głaz A, Domagała W, Urasińska E, Symonowicz H, Majdanik E, Waloszczyk P, Sycz K, Świniarska M, Huzarski T, Cybulski C, Debniak T, Oszurek O, Lubinski J, Narod S, Gronwald J. The impact of an expanded genetic testing program and selective oophorectomy on the incidence of ovarian cancer in West Pomerania. Clin Genet 2016; 91:322-327. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - V. Sopik
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - A. Chudecka-Głaz
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - W. Domagała
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - E. Urasińska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - H. Symonowicz
- Department of Oncology and Chemotherapy; District Hospital; Koszalin Poland
| | - E. Majdanik
- Department of Oncology and Chemotherapy; District Hospital; Koszalin Poland
| | | | - K. Sycz
- Histopathological Laboratory; Independent Public District Hospital; Szczecin Poland
| | - M. Świniarska
- Department of Clinical Oncology; West Pomeranian Center of Oncology; Szczecin Poland
| | - T. Huzarski
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - C. Cybulski
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - T. Debniak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - O. Oszurek
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - J. Lubinski
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - S.A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - J. Gronwald
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
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Abstract
Increased demand for BRCA testing is placing pressures on diagnostic laboratories to raise their mutation screening capacity and handle the challenges associated with classifying BRCA sequence variants for clinical significance, for example interpretation of pathogenic mutations or variants of unknown significance, accurate determination of large genomic rearrangements and detection of somatic mutations in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour samples. Many diagnostic laboratories are adopting next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to increase their screening capacity and reduce processing time and unit costs. However, migration to NGS introduces complexities arising from choice of components of the BRCA testing workflow, such as NGS platform, enrichment method and bioinformatics analysis process. An efficient, cost-effective accurate mutation detection strategy and a standardised, systematic approach to the reporting of BRCA test results is imperative for diagnostic laboratories. This review covers the challenges of BRCA testing from the perspective of a diagnostics laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wallace
- Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Recurrent mutations of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 in the population of breast and ovarian cancer patients in Southern Poland. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:5. [PMID: 26843898 PMCID: PMC4739084 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 genes are well-established risk factors for the development of breast and/or ovarian cancer. The frequency and spectrum of mutations in these genes has not yet been examined in the population of Southern Poland. METHODS We examined the entire coding sequences of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and genotyped a recurrent mutation of the PALB2 gene (c.509_510delGA) in 121 women with familial and/or early-onset breast or ovarian cancer from Southern Poland. RESULTS A BRCA1 mutation was identified in 11 of 121 patients (9.1 %) and a BRCA2 mutation was identified in 10 of 121 patients (8.3 %). Two founder mutations of BRCA1 accounted for 91 % of all BRCA1 mutation carriers (c.5266dupC was identified in six patients and c.181 T > G was identified in four patients). Three of the seven different BRCA2 mutations were detected in two patients each (c.9371A > T, c.9403delC and c.1310_1313delAAGA). Three mutations have not been previously reported in the Polish population (BRCA1 c.3531delT, BRCA2 c.1310_1313delAAGA and BRCA2 c.9027delT). The recurrent PALB2 mutation c.509_510delGA was identified in two patients (1.7 %). CONCLUSIONS The standard panel of BRCA1 founder mutations is sufficiently sensitive for the identification of BRCA1 mutation carriers in Southern Poland. The BRCA2 mutations c.9371A > T and c.9403delC as well as the PALB2 mutation c.509_510delGA should be included in the testing panel for this population.
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29
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BRCA1/BRCA2 founder mutations and cancer risks: impact in the western Danish population. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:507-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Ławniczak M, Jakubowska A, Białek A, Lubiński J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Kaczmarek K, Starzyńska T. BRCA1 founder mutations do not contribute to increased risk of gastric cancer in the Polish population. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:3. [PMID: 26779294 PMCID: PMC4714446 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-015-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is part of the spectrum of diseases linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations that increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Data suggesting an increased risk of developing GC among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are based almost exclusively on indirect studies. The objective was to assess in a direct study whether there is a relationship between GC and selected recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the Polish population. Methods Three hundred seventeen GC patients (193 males and 124 females; mean age 59.5 ± 12.8 y) diagnosed at the Department of Gastroenterology at the Pomeranian Medical University were included in this retrospective study. All patients were genotyped for 3 BRCA1 Polish founder mutations (5382insC, C61G and 4153delA) as well as for 9 known recurrent mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASA-PCR) for 4153delA and 5382insC, restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for C61G and TaqMan real-time PCR for 185delAG, 3819del5, 3875del4, 5370C > T, 886delGT, 4075delGT, 5467insT, 6174delT and 8138del5. Results Among tested mutations one founder BRCA1 mutation 5382insC was detected in two of 317 (0.63 %) GC cases. A comparison of frequency of detected BRCA1 founder mutations in GC patients to previously described 4570 Polish controls (0.63 % vs. 0.48 %) failed to indicate an increased risk of GC in the mutation carriers (OR = 1.3; 95 % CI 0.3-5.6, p = 0.71). A comparison of frequency of GC male cases and male controls (1.0 % vs. 0.43 %,OR = 1.5; 95 % CI 0.3-6.4, p = 0.61) allowed to formulate the same conclusion that there is no increased risk for GC for males. None of the 9 recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations has been detected in tested GC patients. Conclusion The current study indicates that founder BRCA1 mutations reported in Polish breast/ovarian cancer patients do not contribute to increased GC risk. The nine tested recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were not detected in GC patients which may suggests that they are rare in GC patients in the Polish population. Further analyses, including sequencing of entire sequences of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are necessary to ultimately determine the role of these two genes in GC in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ławniczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin, 71-252 Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Połabska 4, Szczecin, 70-115 Poland
| | - Andrzej Białek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin, 71-252 Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Połabska 4, Szczecin, 70-115 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Połabska 4, Szczecin, 70-115 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Połabska 4, Szczecin, 70-115 Poland
| | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin, 71-252 Poland
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Domagala P, Jakubowska A, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Kaczmarek K, Durda K, Kurlapska A, Cybulski C, Lubinski J. Prevalence of Germline Mutations in Genes Engaged in DNA Damage Repair by Homologous Recombination in Patients with Triple-Negative and Hereditary Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130393. [PMID: 26083025 PMCID: PMC4471155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to assess the prevalence of common germline mutations in several genes engaged in the repair of DNA double-strand break by homologous recombination in patients with triple-negative breast cancers and hereditary non-triple-negative breast cancers. Tumors deficient in this type of DNA damage repair are known to be especially sensitive to DNA cross-linking agents (e.g., platinum drugs) and to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Methods Genetic testing was performed for 36 common germline mutations in genes engaged in the repair of DNA by homologous recombination, i.e., BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, NBN, ATM, PALB2, BARD1, and RAD51D, in 202 consecutive patients with triple-negative breast cancers and hereditary non-triple-negative breast cancers. Results Thirty five (22.2%) of 158 patients in the triple-negative group carried mutations in genes involved in DNA repair by homologous recombination, while 10 (22.7%) of the 44 patients in the hereditary non-triple-negative group carried such mutations. Mutations in BRCA1 were most frequent in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (18.4%), and mutations in CHEK2 were most frequent in patients with hereditary non-triple-negative breast cancers (15.9%). In addition, in the triple-negative group, mutations in CHEK2, NBN, and ATM (3.8% combined) were found, while mutations in BRCA1, NBN, and PALB2 (6.8% combined) were identified in the hereditary non-triple-negative group. Conclusions Identifying mutations in genes engaged in DNA damage repair by homologous recombination other than BRCA1/2 can substantially increase the proportion of patients with triple-negative breast cancer and hereditary non-triple-negative breast cancer who may be eligible for therapy using PARP inhibitors and platinum drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Damage/genetics
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Testing
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Homologous Recombination
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Poland/epidemiology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Domagala
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kurlapska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Analysis of large mutations in BARD1 in patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer: the Polish population as an example. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10424. [PMID: 25994375 PMCID: PMC4439969 DOI: 10.1038/srep10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only approximately 50% of all familial breast cancers can be explained by known genetic factors, including mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. One of the most extensively studied candidates for breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility is BARD1. Although it was suggested that large mutations may contribute substantially to the deleterious variants of BARD1, no systematic study of the large mutations in BARD1 has been performed. To further elucidate the role of large mutations in BARD1, we designed a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay and performed an analysis of 504 women with a familial breast and/or ovarian cancer and 313 patients with ovarian cancer. The investigation did not reveal any large mutations in the BARD1 gene. Although the analysis was not focused on identification of small mutations, we detected seven deleterious or potentially deleterious point mutations, which contribute substantially to the total number of BARD1 mutations detected so far. In conclusion, although we cannot exclude the presence of large mutations in BARD1, our study indicates that such mutations do not contribute substantially to the risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer. However, it has to be noted that our results may be specific to the Polish population.
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Mutational analysis of BRCA1/2 in a group of 134 consecutive ovarian cancer patients. Novel and recurrent BRCA1/2 alterations detected by next generation sequencing. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:193-8. [PMID: 25366421 PMCID: PMC4412280 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of proper mutational analysis of BRCA1/2 in individuals at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome is widely accepted. Standard genetic screening includes targeted analysis of recurrent, population-specific mutations. The purpose of the study was to establish the frequency of germline BRCA1/2 mutations in a group of 134 unrelated patients with primary ovarian cancer. Next generation sequencing analysis revealed a presence of 20 (14.9 %) mutations, where 65 % (n = 13) were recurrent BRCA1 alterations included in the standard diagnostic panel in northern Poland. However, the remaining seven BRCA1/2 mutations (35 %) would be missed by the standard approach and were detected in unique patients. A substantial proportion (n = 5/12; 41 %) of mutation-positive individuals with complete family history reported no incidence of breast or ovarian cancer in their relatives. This observation, together with the raising perspectives for personalized therapy targeting BRCA1/2 signaling pathways indicates the necessity of comprehensive genetic screening in all ovarian cancer patients. However, due to the limited sensitivity of the standard genetic screening presented in this study (65 %) an application of next generation sequencing in molecular diagnostics of BRCA1/2 genes should be considered.
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