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Gillentine MA. Comment on Gustavson syndrome is caused by an in-frame deletion in RBMX associated with potentially disturbed SH3 domain interactions. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:253-256. [PMID: 38017187 PMCID: PMC10923807 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
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2
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Brownmiller T, Caplen NJ. The HNRNPF/H RNA binding proteins and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1788. [PMID: 37042074 PMCID: PMC10523889 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The members of the HNRNPF/H family of heterogeneous nuclear RNA proteins-HNRNPF, HNRNPH1, HNRNPH2, HNRNPH3, and GRSF1, are critical regulators of RNA maturation. Documented functions of these proteins include regulating splicing, particularly alternative splicing, 5' capping and 3' polyadenylation of RNAs, and RNA export. The assignment of these proteins to the HNRNPF/H protein family members relates to differences in the amino acid composition of their RNA recognition motifs, which differ from those of other RNA binding proteins (RBPs). HNRNPF/H proteins typically bind RNA sequences enriched with guanine (G) residues, including sequences that, in the presence of a cation, have the potential to form higher-order G-quadruplex structures. The need to further investigate members of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs has intensified with the recent descriptions of their involvement in several disease states, including the pediatric tumor Ewing sarcoma and the hematological malignancy mantle cell lymphoma; newly described groups of developmental syndromes; and neuronal-related disorders, including addictive behavior. Here, to foster the study of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs, we discuss features of the genes encoding these proteins, their structures and functions, and emerging contributions to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha J Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Sapir T, Reiner O. HNRNPU's multi-tasking is essential for proper cortical development. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300039. [PMID: 37439444 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) is a nuclear protein that plays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as RNA splicing and chromatin organization. HNRNPU/scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) activities are essential for regulating gene expression, DNA replication, genome integrity, and mitotic fidelity. These functions are critical to ensure the robustness of developmental processes, particularly those involved in shaping the human brain. As a result, HNRNPU is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (HNRNPU-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HNRNPU-NDD) characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability. Our research demonstrates that the loss of HNRNPU function results in the death of both neural progenitor cells and post-mitotic neurons, with a higher sensitivity observed in the former. We reported that HNRNPU truncation leads to the dysregulation of gene expression and alternative splicing of genes that converge on several signaling pathways, some of which are likely to be involved in the pathology of HNRNPU-related NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Sapir
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Rehovot, Central, Israel
| | - Orly Reiner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Rehovot, Central, Israel
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4
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Gonzalez A, Kim HJ, Freibaum BD, Fung HYJ, Brautigam CA, Taylor JP, Chook YM. A new Karyopherin-β2 binding PY-NLS epitope of HNRNPH2 linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Structure 2023; 31:924-934.e4. [PMID: 37279758 PMCID: PMC10524338 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The HNRNPH2 proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) is mutated in HNRNPH2-related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder, causing the normally nuclear HNRNPH2 to accumulate in the cytoplasm. We solved the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Karyopherin-β2/Transportin-1 bound to the HNRNPH2 PY-NLS to understand importin-NLS recognition and disruption in disease. HNRNPH2 206RPGPY210 is a typical R-X2-4-P-Y motif comprising PY-NLS epitopes 2 and 3, followed by an additional Karyopherin-β2-binding epitope, we term epitope 4, at residues 211DRP213; no density is present for PY-NLS epitope 1. Disease variant mutations at epitopes 2-4 impair Karyopherin-β2 binding and cause aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation in cells, emphasizing the role of nuclear import defect in disease. Sequence/structure analysis suggests that strong PY-NLS epitopes 4 are rare and thus far limited to close paralogs of HNRNPH2, HNRNPH1, and HNRNPF. Epitope 4-binidng hotspot Karyopherin-β2 W373 corresponds to close paralog Karyopherin-β2b/Transportin-2 W370, a pathological variant site in neurodevelopmental abnormalities, suggesting that Karyopherin-β2b/Transportin-2-HNRNPH2/H1/F interactions may be compromised in the abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brian D Freibaum
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Departments of Biophysics and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Kelvington BA, Abel T. hnRNPH2 gain-of-function mutations reveal therapeutic strategies and a role for RNA granules in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171499. [PMID: 37463443 DOI: 10.1172/jci171499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
hnRNPH2-related neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is caused by mutations in the HNRNPH2 gene and is associated with substantial challenges, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth delay, and epilepsy. There is currently no therapeutic intervention available to those with hnRNPH2-related NDD that addresses its underlying mechanisms. In this issue of the JCI, Korff et al. studied specific gain-of-function mutations associated with hnRNPH2-related NDD, with the help of mouse models that recapitulate key features of the condition in humans. Their work paves the way for therapeutic approaches that aim to reduce the expression of mutant hnRNPH2 and highlights a role for disrupted RNA granules in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Korff A, Yang X, O’Donovan K, Gonzalez A, Teubner BJ, Nakamura H, Messing J, Yang F, Carisey AF, Wang YD, Patni T, Sheppard H, Zakharenko SS, Chook YM, Taylor JP, Kim HJ. A murine model of hnRNPH2-related neurodevelopmental disorder reveals a mechanism for genetic compensation by Hnrnph1. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e160309. [PMID: 37463454 PMCID: PMC10348767 DOI: 10.1172/jci160309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HNRNPH2 cause an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with features that include developmental delay, motor function deficits, and seizures. More than 90% of patients with hnRNPH2 have a missense mutation within or adjacent to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of hnRNPH2. Here, we report that hnRNPH2 NLS mutations caused reduced interaction with the nuclear transport receptor Kapβ2 and resulted in modest cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNPH2. We generated 2 knockin mouse models with human-equivalent mutations in Hnrnph2 as well as Hnrnph2-KO mice. Knockin mice recapitulated clinical features of the human disorder, including reduced survival in male mice, impaired motor and cognitive functions, and increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. In contrast, 2 independent lines of Hnrnph2-KO mice showed no detectable phenotypes. Notably, KO mice had upregulated expression of Hnrnph1, a paralog of Hnrnph2, whereas knockin mice failed to upregulate Hnrnph1. Thus, genetic compensation by Hnrnph1 may counteract the loss of hnRNPH2. These findings suggest that HNRNPH2-related disorder may be driven by a toxic gain of function or a complex loss of HNRNPH2 function with impaired compensation by HNRNPH1. The knockin mice described here are an important resource for preclinical studies to assess the therapeutic benefit of gene replacement or knockdown of mutant hnRNPH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Korff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin O’Donovan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abner Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - James Messing
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandre F. Carisey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - J. Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Gonzalez A, Kim HJ, Freibaum BD, Joyce Fung HY, Brautigam CA, Taylor JP, Chook YM. A new Karyopherin-β2 binding PY-NLS epitope of HNRNPH2 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524964. [PMID: 36711837 PMCID: PMC9882364 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The normally nuclear HNRNPH2 is mutated in HNRNPH2 -related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder causing the protein to accumulate in the cytoplasm. Interactions of HNRNPH2 with its importin Karyopherin-β2 (Transportin-1) had not been studied. We present a structure that shows Karyopherin-β2 binding HNRNPH2 residues 204-215, a proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal or PY-NLS that contains a typical R-X 2-4 -P-Y motif, 206 RPGPY 210 , followed a new Karyopherin-β2 binding epitope at 211 DRP 213 that make many interactions with Karyopherin-β2 W373. Mutations at each of these sites decrease Karyopherin-β2 binding affinities by 70-100 fold, explaining aberrant accumulation in cells and emphasizing the role of nuclear import defects in the disease. Sequence/structure analysis suggests that the new epitope C-terminal of the PY-motif, which binds Karyopherin-β2 W373, is rare and thus far limited to close paralogs HNRNPH2, HNRNPH1 and HNRNPF. Karyopherin-β2 W373, a HNRNPH2-binding hotspot, corresponds to W370 of close paralog Transportin-2, a site of pathological variants in patients with neurodevelopmental abnormalities, suggesting that Transportin-2-HNRNPH2/H1/F interactions may be compromised in the abnormalities. Summary HNRNPH2 variants in HNRNPH2 -related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder aberrantly accumulate in the cytoplasm. A structure of Karyopherin-β2•HNRNPH2 explains nuclear import defects of the variants, reveals a new NLS epitope that suggests mechanistic changes in pathological variants of Karyopherin-β2 paralog Transportin-2.
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8
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Ouyang J, Li S, Sun W, Xiao X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Q. Variants in HNRNPH1 are associated with high myopia in humans and ocular coloboma in zebrafish. Clin Genet 2022; 102:424-433. [PMID: 35989590 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High myopia is one of the most common causes for blindness due to its associated complications. Genetic factor has been considered as the major cause for early-onset high myopia (eoHM), but exact genetic defects for most eoHM are yet to be identified. Through multi-step bioinformatics analysis of our in-house whole exome sequencing dataset from 5310 individuals, variants from 653 probands with eoHM were further compared with those from in-house controls as well as gnomAD database. The results showed that loss-of-function (LoF) variants in a novel gene HNRNPH1 were identified in two of 653 probands with eoHM but in none of 4657 probands with other eye conditions (P = 0.015). LoF variants in HNRNPH1 were extremely rare and intolerant, while two LoF variants in 653 eoHM were statistically higher than their frequency in gnomAD (P = 1.09×10-3 ). These two LoF variants, c.2dupT/p.? and c.121dup/p.(Q41Pfs*20), were absent from existing database. Variants in HNRNPH1 have not been associated with any inherited eye disease before. Expression of HNRNPH1 was enriched in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer in humans. Knockdown of hnrnph1 in zebrafish resulted in ocular coloboma. All these suggests that HNRNPH1 supports its potential contribution to eoHM when mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Vo T, Brownmiller T, Hall K, Jones TL, Choudhari S, Grammatikakis I, Ludwig KR, Caplen NJ. HNRNPH1 destabilizes the G-quadruplex structures formed by G-rich RNA sequences that regulate the alternative splicing of an oncogenic fusion transcript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6474-6496. [PMID: 35639772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of physiological monovalent cations, thousands of RNA G-rich sequences can form parallel G-quadruplexes (G4s) unless RNA-binding proteins inhibit, destabilize, or resolve the formation of such secondary RNA structures. Here, we have used a disease-relevant model system to investigate the biophysical properties of the RNA-binding protein HNRNPH1's interaction with G-rich sequences. We demonstrate the importance of two EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich regions in mediating the exclusion of this exon from the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 transcripts expressed in a subset of Ewing sarcomas, using complementary analysis of tumor data, long-read sequencing, and minigene studies. We determined that HNRNPH1 binds the EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich sequences with low nM affinities irrespective of whether in a non-G4 or G4 state but exhibits different kinetics depending on RNA structure. Specifically, HNRNPH1 associates and dissociates from G4-folded RNA faster than the identical sequences in a non-G4 state. Importantly, we demonstrate using gel shift and spectroscopic assays that HNRNPH1, particularly the qRRM1-qRRM2 domains, destabilizes the G4s formed by the EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich sequences in a non-catalytic fashion. Our results indicate that HNRNPH1's binding of G-rich sequences favors the accumulation of RNA in a non-G4 state and that this contributes to its regulation of RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Vo
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Hall
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamara L Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natasha J Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Wing CE, Fung HYJ, Chook YM. Karyopherin-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:307-328. [PMID: 35058649 PMCID: PMC10101760 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and regulated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules to the correct subcellular compartment is critical for proper functions of the eukaryotic cell. The majority of the macromolecular traffic across the nuclear pores is mediated by the Karyopherin-β (or Kap) family of nuclear transport receptors. Work over more than two decades has shed considerable light on how the different Kap family members bring their respective cargoes into the nucleus or the cytoplasm in efficient and highly regulated manners. In this Review, we overview the main features and established functions of Kap family members, describe how Kaps recognize their cargoes and discuss the different ways in which these Kap-cargo interactions can be regulated, highlighting new findings and open questions. We also describe current knowledge of the import and export of the components of three large gene expression machines - the core replisome, RNA polymerase II and the ribosome - pointing out the questions that persist about how such large macromolecular complexes are trafficked to serve their function in a designated subcellular location.
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Larizza L, Calzari L, Alari V, Russo S. Genes for RNA-binding proteins involved in neural-specific functions and diseases are downregulated in Rubinstein-Taybi iNeurons. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:5-14. [PMID: 34100419 PMCID: PMC8451555 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of the fast-growing knowledge of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) we review the signature of downregulated genes for RBPs in the transcriptome of induced pluripotent stem cell neurons (iNeurons) modelling the neurodevelopmental Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (RSTS) caused by mutations in the genes encoding CBP/p300 acetyltransferases. We discuss top and functionally connected downregulated genes sorted to “RNA processing” and “Ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis” Gene Ontology clusters. The first set of downregulated RBPs includes members of hnRNHP (A1, A2B1, D, G, H2-H1, MAGOHB, PAPBC), core subunits of U small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and Serine-Arginine splicing regulators families, acting in precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and processing. Consistent with literature findings on reduced transcript levels of serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 (SRRM4) protein, the main regulator of the neural-specific microexons splicing program upon depletion of Ep300 and Crebbp in mouse neurons, RSTS iNeurons show downregulated genes for proteins impacting this network. We link downregulated genes to neurological disorders including the new HNRNPH1-related intellectual disability syndrome with clinical overlap to RSTS. The set of downregulated genes for Ribosome biogenesis includes several components of ribosomal subunits and nucleolar proteins, such NOP58 and fibrillarin that form complexes with snoRNAs with a central role in guiding post-transcriptional modifications needed for rRNA maturation. These nucleolar proteins are “dual” players as fibrillarin is also required for epigenetic regulation of ribosomal genes and conversely NOP58-associated snoRNA levels are under the control of NOP58 interactor BMAL1, a transcriptional regulator of the circadian rhythm. Additional downregulated genes for “dual specificity” RBPs such as RUVBL1 and METTL1 highlight the links between chromatin and the RBP-ome and the contribution of perturbations in their cross-talk to RSTS. We underline the hub position of CBP/p300 in chromatin regulation, the impact of its defect on neurons’ post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and the potential use of epidrugs in therapeutics of RBP-caused neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Larizza
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Alari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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12
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Kreienkamp HJ, Wagner M, Weigand H, McConkie-Rossell A, McDonald M, Keren B, Mignot C, Gauthier J, Soucy JF, Michaud JL, Dumas M, Smith R, Löbel U, Hempel M, Kubisch C, Denecke J, Campeau PM, Bain JM, Lessel D. Variant-specific effects define the phenotypic spectrum of HNRNPH2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders in males. Hum Genet 2021; 141:257-272. [PMID: 34907471 PMCID: PMC8807443 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bain type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder, caused by pathogenic missense variants in HRNRPH2, was initially described in six female individuals affected by moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental delay. Although it was initially postulated that the condition would not be compatible with life in males, several affected male individuals harboring pathogenic variants in HNRNPH2 have since been documented. However, functional in-vitro analyses of identified variants have not been performed and, therefore, possible genotype–phenotype correlations remain elusive. Here, we present eight male individuals, including a pair of monozygotic twins, harboring pathogenic or likely pathogenic HNRNPH2 variants. Notably, we present the first individuals harboring nonsense or frameshift variants who, similarly to an individual harboring a de novo p.(Arg29Cys) variant within the first quasi-RNA-recognition motif (qRRM), displayed mild developmental delay, and developed mostly autistic features and/or psychiatric co-morbidities. Additionally, we present two individuals harboring a recurrent de novo p.(Arg114Trp), within the second qRRM, who had a severe neurodevelopmental delay with seizures. Functional characterization of the three most common HNRNPH2 missense variants revealed dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins harboring the p.(Arg206Gln) and p.(Pro209Leu) variants, located within the nuclear localization signal, whereas proteins with p.(Arg114Trp) showed reduced interaction with members of the large assembly of splicing regulators (LASR). Moreover, RNA-sequencing of primary fibroblasts of the individual harboring the p.(Arg114Trp) revealed substantial alterations in the regulation of alternative splicing along with global transcriptome changes. Thus, we further expand the clinical and variant spectrum in HNRNPH2-associated disease in males and provide novel molecular insights suggesting the disorder to be a spliceopathy on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Weigand
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner's Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Gauthier
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Soucy
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meghan Dumas
- Division of Genetic, Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetic, Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Ulrike Löbel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Bain
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Salazar R, Beenders S, LaMarca NM, Thornburg O, Rubin-Thompson L, Snow A, Goldman S, Chung WK, Bain JM. Cross-sectional, quantitative analysis of motor function in females with HNRNPH2-related disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 119:104110. [PMID: 34794115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the gross motor function of individuals with HNRNPH2-related disorder (OMIM 300986, Mental Retardation, X-linked, Syndrome, Bain Type; MRXSB) and determine the associations between clinician-measured motor function and caregiver-reported mobility scores. METHODS Developmental histories of 17 female participants with HNRNPH2-related disorder (mean age 11.2 years, range 2.7-37.1 years) with various genotypes within and adjacent to the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) were analyzed. Participants performed the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and caregivers completed developmental histories and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). RESULTS All participants had measurable and quantifiable motor impairments. A strong positive correlation between the clinician-measured GMFM-88 total score and the caregiver-reported PEDI-CAT mobility domain score was established. Motor deficits were noted more often in individuals who were nonverbal. The 2 participants with genotypes adjacent to the NLS appear to have milder motor phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The GMFM-88 and PEDI-CAT are useful and feasible measures of mobility in individuals with HNRNPH2-related disorders. Convergent validity was established between the clinician-measured GMFM-88 raw scores and caregiver-reported PEDI-CAT mobility domain scores. Factors including verbal status and genotype may impact motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Salazar
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Beenders
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole M LaMarca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Thornburg
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Arielle Snow
- Queens College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Sylvie Goldman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Larizza L, Alari V, Calzari L, Russo S. Interconnected Gene Networks Underpin the Clinical Overlap of HNRNPH1-Related and Rubinstein-Taybi Intellectual Disability Syndromes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745684. [PMID: 34759793 PMCID: PMC8573106 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Human Molecular Genetics, Biomedical & Technologies Research Center, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Alari
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Human Molecular Genetics, Biomedical & Technologies Research Center, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Human Molecular Genetics, Biomedical & Technologies Research Center, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Human Molecular Genetics, Biomedical & Technologies Research Center, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Kessel L, Bach-Holm D, Al-Bakri M, Roos L, Lund A, Grønskov K. Genetic disease is a common cause of bilateral childhood cataract in Denmark. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:650-658. [PMID: 34169787 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1941128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Bilateral childhood cataracts can be caused by a metabolic disease, constitute a part of a syndrome, run in families, be sporadic or iatrogenic. The amount of work-up needed to establish a cause is discussed and the aim of the present study was to evaluate causes of bilateral childhood cataract.Methods: Chart review of 211 Danish children with bilateral cataracts. Information on work-up was retrieved with special focus on general health, metabolic screening, evaluation for congenital infections and genetic testing.Results: Cataract was seen in combination with systemic disease in 40.8%, 29.4% had hereditary cataracts, 27.0% had isolated cataract, in 1.4% it was associated with ocular malformations and 1.4% had been born prematurely without any other sequelae than the cataract. A genetic cause could be demonstrated in 74 children.Conclusion: Systemic comorbidities are very common in children with cataract and are not always known prior to the diagnosis of cataract. Genetic evaluation, especially targeted analyses, provided a molecular genetic diagnosis in a large proportion of those tested but it also failed to provide a molecular genetic diagnosis in some patients with a family history suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. Most importantly, in some patients, genetic work-up provided a diagnosis in patients where it had therapeutic consequences and where the systemic disease would have caused irreversible damage, had it not been treated timely. Given the high prevalence of systemic disease, it seems advisable to co-manage children with bilateral cataracts with a pediatrician and to include genetic evaluation as part of the work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniella Bach-Holm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moug Al-Bakri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Gillentine MA, Wang T, Hoekzema K, Rosenfeld J, Liu P, Guo H, Kim CN, De Vries BBA, Vissers LELM, Nordenskjold M, Kvarnung M, Lindstrand A, Nordgren A, Gecz J, Iascone M, Cereda A, Scatigno A, Maitz S, Zanni G, Bertini E, Zweier C, Schuhmann S, Wiesener A, Pepper M, Panjwani H, Torti E, Abid F, Anselm I, Srivastava S, Atwal P, Bacino CA, Bhat G, Cobian K, Bird LM, Friedman J, Wright MS, Callewaert B, Petit F, Mathieu S, Afenjar A, Christensen CK, White KM, Elpeleg O, Berger I, Espineli EJ, Fagerberg C, Brasch-Andersen C, Hansen LK, Feyma T, Hughes S, Thiffault I, Sullivan B, Yan S, Keller K, Keren B, Mignot C, Kooy F, Meuwissen M, Basinger A, Kukolich M, Philips M, Ortega L, Drummond-Borg M, Lauridsen M, Sorensen K, Lehman A, Lopez-Rangel E, Levy P, Lessel D, Lotze T, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sebastian J, Vento J, Vats D, Benman LM, Mckee S, Mirzaa GM, Muss C, Pappas J, Peeters H, Romano C, Elia M, Galesi O, Simon MEH, van Gassen KLI, Simpson K, Stratton R, Syed S, Thevenon J, Palafoll IV, Vitobello A, Bournez M, Faivre L, Xia K, Earl RK, Nowakowski T, Bernier RA, Eichler EE. Rare deleterious mutations of HNRNP genes result in shared neurodevelopmental disorders. Genome Med 2021; 13:63. [PMID: 33874999 PMCID: PMC8056596 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing number of genomic sequencing studies, hundreds of genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The rate of gene discovery far outpaces our understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations, with clinical characterization remaining a bottleneck for understanding NDDs. Most disease-associated Mendelian genes are members of gene families, and we hypothesize that those with related molecular function share clinical presentations. METHODS We tested our hypothesis by considering gene families that have multiple members with an enrichment of de novo variants among NDDs, as determined by previous meta-analyses. One of these gene families is the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which has 33 members, five of which have been recently identified as NDD genes (HNRNPK, HNRNPU, HNRNPH1, HNRNPH2, and HNRNPR) and two of which have significant enrichment in our previous meta-analysis of probands with NDDs (HNRNPU and SYNCRIP). Utilizing protein homology, mutation analyses, gene expression analyses, and phenotypic characterization, we provide evidence for variation in 12 HNRNP genes as candidates for NDDs. Seven are potentially novel while the remaining genes in the family likely do not significantly contribute to NDD risk. RESULTS We report 119 new NDD cases (64 de novo variants) through sequencing and international collaborations and combined with published clinical case reports. We consider 235 cases with gene-disruptive single-nucleotide variants or indels and 15 cases with small copy number variants. Three hnRNP-encoding genes reach nominal or exome-wide significance for de novo variant enrichment, while nine are candidates for pathogenic mutations. Comparison of HNRNP gene expression shows a pattern consistent with a role in cerebral cortical development with enriched expression among radial glial progenitors. Clinical assessment of probands (n = 188-221) expands the phenotypes associated with HNRNP rare variants, and phenotypes associated with variation in the HNRNP genes distinguishes them as a subgroup of NDDs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our novel approach of exploiting gene families in NDDs identifies new HNRNP-related disorders, expands the phenotypes of known HNRNP-related disorders, strongly implicates disruption of the hnRNPs as a whole in NDDs, and supports that NDD subtypes likely have shared molecular pathogenesis. To date, this is the first study to identify novel genetic disorders based on the presence of disorders in related genes. We also perform the first phenotypic analyses focusing on related genes. Finally, we show that radial glial expression of these genes is likely critical during neurodevelopment. This is important for diagnostics, as well as developing strategies to best study these genes for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn A Gillentine
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 3720 15th Ave NE S413A, Box 355065, Seattle, WA, 981095-5065, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 3720 15th Ave NE S413A, Box 355065, Seattle, WA, 981095-5065, USA
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 3720 15th Ave NE S413A, Box 355065, Seattle, WA, 981095-5065, USA
| | - Jill Rosenfeld
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 3720 15th Ave NE S413A, Box 355065, Seattle, WA, 981095-5065, USA.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang N Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bert B A De Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Nordenskjold
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica - ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Agnese Scatigno
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Genetic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione MBBM S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schuhmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Micah Pepper
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Autism Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heena Panjwani
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Autism Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Farida Abid
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina Anselm
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paldeep Atwal
- The Atwal Clinic: Genomic & Personalized Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gifty Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Cobian
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Meredith S Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Bâtiment Modulaire, CHU, 59037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Mathieu
- Sorbonne Universités, Centre de Référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, département de génétique et embryologie médicale, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Sorbonne Universités, Centre de Référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, département de génétique et embryologie médicale, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Celenie K Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kerry M White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, IU Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itai Berger
- Pediatric Neurology, Assuta-Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.,Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Edward J Espineli
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Fagerberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Timothy Feyma
- Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Susan Hughes
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,The University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- The University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bonnie Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shuang Yan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kory Keller
- Oregon Health & Science University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Hópital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, Hópital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alice Basinger
- Genetics Department, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mary Kukolich
- Genetics Department, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Meredith Philips
- Genetics Department, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lucia Ortega
- Genetics Department, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Mathilde Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristina Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital and BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Elena Lopez-Rangel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Lotze
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Sebastian
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jodie Vento
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Divya Vats
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shane Mckee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candace Muss
- Al Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - John Pappas
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetic Services, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kara Simpson
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert Stratton
- Department of Genetics, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Sabeen Syed
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Àrea de Genètica Clínica i Molecular, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Vitobello
- UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne and INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.,INSERM UMR 1231 Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Bournez
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « déficience intellectuelle », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM UMR 1231 Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Rachel K Earl
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Autism Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomasz Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Autism Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 3720 15th Ave NE S413A, Box 355065, Seattle, WA, 981095-5065, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Fultz EK, Coelho MA, Lieberman D, Jimenez-Chavez CL, Bryant CD, Szumlinski KK. Hnrnph1 is a novel regulator of alcohol reward. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 220:108518. [PMID: 33454624 PMCID: PMC7899125 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hnrnph1 is a validated quantitative trait gene for methamphetamine behavioral sensitivity that encodes for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1). This RNA-binding protein is involved in all stages of RNA metabolism that impacts mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission to influence addiction-related behavior. METHODS We characterized the alcohol behavioral phenotypes of mice heterozygous for a deletion in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (Hnrnph1+/-). We examined alcohol intake under both continuous- and limited-access procedures, as well as alcohol-induced place-conditioning. Follow-up studies examined genotypic differences in the psychomotor-activating and sedative-hypnotic effects of acute and repeated alcohol, and a behavioral test battery was employed to determine the effects of Hnrnph1 deletion on the manifestation of negative affect during alcohol withdrawal. RESULTS Relative to wild-type (WT) controls, Hnrnph1+/- males exhibited blunted intake of high alcohol concentrations under both drinking procedures. Hnrnph1 deletion did not impact the conditioned rewarding properties of low-dose alcohol, but reversed the conditioned place-aversion elicited by higher alcohol doses (2 and 4 g/kg), with more robust effects in male versus female mice. No genotypic differences were observed for alcohol-induced locomotor activity. Hnrnph1+/- mice exhibited a modest increase in sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-hypnotic effects, but did not differ from WT mice with regard to tolerance to alcohol's sedative-hypnotic effects or alcohol metabolism, Inconsistent effects of Hnrnph1 deletion were observed in models for withdrawal-induced negative affect. CONCLUSIONS These data identify Hnrnph1 as a novel, male-selective, driver of alcohol consumption and high-dose alcohol aversion that is potentially relevant to the neurobiology of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Dylan Lieberman
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | | | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States; Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cellular Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
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Bain JM, Thornburg O, Pan C, Rome-Martin D, Boyle L, Fan X, Devinsky O, Frye R, Hamp S, Keator CG, LaMarca NM, Maddocks ABR, Madruga-Garrido M, Niederhoffer KY, Novara F, Peron A, Poole-Di Salvo E, Salazar R, Skinner SA, Soares G, Goldman S, Chung WK. Detailed Clinical and Psychological Phenotype of the X-linked HNRNPH2-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e551. [PMID: 33728377 PMCID: PMC7954461 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To expand the clinical phenotype of the X-linked HNRNPH2-related neurodevelopmental disorder in 33 individuals. Methods Participants were diagnosed with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in HNRNPH2 using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association of Molecular Pathology criteria, largely identified via clinical exome sequencing. Genetic reports were reviewed. Clinical data were collected by retrospective chart review and caregiver report including standardized parent report measures. Results We expand our clinical characterization of HNRNPH2-related disorders to include 33 individuals, aged 2-38 years, both females and males, with 11 different de novo missense variants, most within the nuclear localization signal. The major features of the phenotype include developmental delay/intellectual disability, severe language impairment, motor problems, growth, and musculoskeletal disturbances. Minor features include dysmorphic features, epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorder, and cortical visual impairment. Although rare, we report early stroke and premature death with this condition. Conclusions The spectrum of X-linked HNRNPH2-related disorders continues to expand as the allelic spectrum and identification of affected males increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bain
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Olivia Thornburg
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Cheryl Pan
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Donnielle Rome-Martin
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lia Boyle
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiao Fan
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard Frye
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Silke Hamp
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Cynthia G Keator
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nicole M LaMarca
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexis B R Maddocks
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen Y Niederhoffer
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Francesca Novara
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Angela Peron
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Poole-Di Salvo
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Salazar
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Steven A Skinner
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sylvie Goldman
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Division of Child Neurology (J.M.B., O.T., D.R.-M., N.M.L., R.S., S.G.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University (C.P.), New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics (X.F., W.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (O.D.), Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.F.), AZ, and Department of Child Health (R.F.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; Kinderarztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.H.), Germany; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Radiology (A.B.R.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.M.-G.), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Genetics (K.Y.N.), University of Alberta, Canada; Microgenomics srl (F.N.), NextClinics, Pavia, Italy; Human Pathology and Medical Genetics (A.P.), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (A.P.), Epilepsy Center, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Division of Medical Genetics (A.P.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (E.P.-D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Greenwood Genetic Center (S.A.S.), Greenwood, SC; Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães (G.S.), Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal; and G.H. Sergievsky Center (S.G.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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19
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Peeters S, Declerck K, Thomas M, Boudin E, Beckers D, Chivu O, Heinrichs C, Devriendt K, de Zegher F, Van Hul W, Vanden Berghe W, De Schepper J, Rooman R, Mortier G. DNA Methylation Profiling and Genomic Analysis in 20 Children with Short Stature Who Were Born Small for Gestational Age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5873625. [PMID: 32685970 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a significant proportion of children born small for gestational age (SGA) with failure of catch-up growth, the etiology of short stature remains unclear after routine diagnostic workup. We wanted to investigate if extensive analysis of the (epi)genome can unravel the cause of growth failure in a significant portion of these children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty SGA children treated with GH because of short stature were selected from the BELGROW database of the Belgian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology for exome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and genome-wide methylation analysis to identify the (epi)genetic cause. First-year response to GH was compared with the response of SGA patients in the KIGS database. RESULTS We identified (likely) pathogenic variants in 4 children (from 3 families) using exome sequencing and found pathogenic copy number variants in 2 probands using SNP array. In a child harboring a NSD1-containing microduplication, we identified a DNA methylation signature that is opposite to the genome-wide DNA methylation signature of Sotos syndrome. Moreover, we observed multilocus imprinting disturbances in 2 children in whom no other genomic alteration could be identified. Five of 6 children with a genetic diagnosis had an "above average" response to GH. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that a more advanced approach with deep genotyping can unravel unexpected (epi)genomic alterations in SGA children with persistent growth failure. Most SGA children with a genetic diagnosis had a good response to GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Peeters
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Belgian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominique Beckers
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olimpia Chivu
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinique de l'Espérance, Saint-Nicolas, Belgium
| | - Claudine Heinrichs
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven and the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium and Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Bryant CD, Healy AF, Ruan QT, Coehlo MA, Lustig E, Yazdani N, Luttik KP, Tran T, Swancy I, Brewin LW, Chen MM, Szumlinski KK. Sex‐dependent effects of an
Hnrnph1
mutation on fentanyl addiction‐relevant behaviors but not antinociception in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12711. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Aidan F. Healy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Qiu T. Ruan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology Ph.D. Program Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michal A. Coehlo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Elijah Lustig
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Neema Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology Ph.D. Program Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kimberly P. Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP) Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tori Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Isaiah Swancy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Lindsey W. Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Melanie M. Chen
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cellular Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara California USA
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21
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Imagawa E, Konuma T, Cork EE, Diaz GA, Oishi K. A novel missense variant in RBM10 can cause a mild form of TARP syndrome with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. Clin Genet 2020; 98:606-612. [PMID: 32812661 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RBM10, is an RNA binding protein that is important for development by regulating the expression of multiple genes. RBM10 is on the X chromosome, and nonsense and frameshift RBM10 variants cause TARP syndrome in males. In a 4-year-old male, we identified a novel maternally inherited missense RBM10 variant in the RRM2 RNA binding domain, c.965C>T, p.Pro322Leu. His clinical features included intellectual disability, developmental delay, growth restriction, hypotonia, and craniofacial malformations. These features were much milder than those described in previously reported cases of TARP syndrome. By in vitro assays, we found that the mutant p.Pro322Leu RBM10 protein retained its specific RNA binding capacity, while gaining a low-affinity nonspecific RNA binding. It was normally localized to the nucleus, but its expression level was significantly reduced with a significantly short half-life. These results indicated that the p.Pro322Leu missense variant causes a developmental disorder in humans through a unique loss-of-function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Imagawa
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emalyn E Cork
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George A Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimihiko Oishi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Reichert SC, Li R, A Turner S, van Jaarsveld RH, Massink MPG, van den Boogaard MJH, Del Toro M, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Fourcade S, Schlüter A, Planas-Serra L, Pujol A, Iascone M, Maitz S, Loong L, Stewart H, De Franco E, Ellard S, Frank J, Lewandowski R. HNRNPH1-related syndromic intellectual disability: Seven additional cases suggestive of a distinct syndromic neurodevelopmental syndrome. Clin Genet 2020; 98:91-98. [PMID: 32335897 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in HNRNPH1 were first reported in 2018. The reported individual, a 13 year old boy with a c.616C>T (p.R206W) variant in the HNRNPH1 gene, was noted to have overlapping symptoms with those observed in HNRNPH2-related X-linked intellectual disability, Bain type (MRXSB), specifically intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. While HNRNPH1 variants were initially proposed to represent an autosomal cause of MRXSB, we report an additional seven cases which identify phenotypic differences from MRXSB. Patients with HNRNPH1 pathogenic variants diagnosed via WES were identified using clinical networks and GeneMatcher. Features unique to individuals with HNRNPH1 variants include distinctive dysmorphic facial features; an increased incidence of congenital anomalies including cranial and brain abnormalities, genitourinary malformations, and palate abnormalities; increased incidence of ophthalmologic abnormalities; and a decreased incidence of epilepsy and cardiac defects compared to those with MRXSB. This suggests that pathogenic variants in HNRNPH1 result in a related, but distinct syndromic cause of intellectual disability from MRXSB, which we refer to as HNRNPH1-related syndromic intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Reichert
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Services, VCU Health, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Services, VCU Health, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott A Turner
- Department of Pathology, VCU Health, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Maarten P G Massink
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mireia Del Toro
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucy Loong
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisa De Franco
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Julie Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond Lewandowski
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Services, VCU Health, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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23
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Peron A, Novara F, La Briola F, Merati E, Giannusa E, Segalini E, Anniballi G, Vignoli A, Ciccone R, Canevini MP. Missense variants in the Arg206 residue of HNRNPH2: Further evidence of causality and expansion of the phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:823-828. [PMID: 31943778 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Missense variants in HNRNPH2 cause Bain type syndromic X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). To date, only six affected females and three affected males have been reported in the literature, and the phenotype has yet to be delineated in detail. Here, we report on a 35-year-old female with a novel de novo variant in HNRNPH2, providing further evidence that missense changes in the nuclear localization sequence cause Bain type XLID and that aminoacid 206 likely represents a mutational hotspot. We expand the phenotype of Bain type XLID to include breathing, sleep and movement disorders, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, stereotypies, and hypersensitivity to noise. Our data indicate that the phenotype may be broader and more variable than initially reported, and suggest Rett syndrome as a possible differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peron
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Francesca La Briola
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Merati
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccone
- Microgenomics srl, Pavia, Italy.,Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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A Mutation in Hnrnph1 That Decreases Methamphetamine-Induced Reinforcement, Reward, and Dopamine Release and Increases Synaptosomal hnRNP H and Mitochondrial Proteins. J Neurosci 2019; 40:107-130. [PMID: 31704785 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1808-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variation in the addiction liability of amphetamines has a heritable genetic component. We previously identified Hnrnph1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying decreased methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Here, we showed that mice (both females and males) with a heterozygous mutation in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (H1+/-) showed reduced methamphetamine reinforcement and intake and dose-dependent changes in methamphetamine reward as measured via conditioned place preference. Furthermore, H1+/- mice showed a robust decrease in methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc with no change in baseline extracellular dopamine, striatal whole-tissue dopamine, dopamine transporter protein, dopamine uptake, or striatal methamphetamine and amphetamine metabolite levels. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot staining of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their forebrain projections for TH did not reveal any major changes in staining intensity, cell number, or forebrain puncta counts. Surprisingly, there was a twofold increase in hnRNP H protein in the striatal synaptosome of H1+/- mice with no change in whole-tissue levels. To gain insight into the mechanisms linking increased synaptic hnRNP H with decreased methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and behaviors, synaptosomal proteomic analysis identified an increased baseline abundance of several mitochondrial complex I and V proteins that rapidly decreased at 30 min after methamphetamine administration in H1+/- mice. In contrast, the much lower level of basal synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins in WT mice showed a rapid increase. We conclude that H1+/- decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release, reward, and reinforcement and induces dynamic changes in basal and methamphetamine-induced synaptic mitochondrial function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Methamphetamine dependence is a significant public health concern with no FDA-approved treatment. We discovered a role for the RNA binding protein hnRNP H in methamphetamine reward and reinforcement. Hnrnph1 mutation also blunted methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc, a key neurochemical event contributing to methamphetamine addiction liability. Finally, Hnrnph1 mutants showed a marked increase in basal level of synaptosomal hnRNP H and mitochondrial proteins that decreased in response to methamphetamine, whereas WT mice showed a methamphetamine-induced increase in synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins. Thus, we identified a potential role for hnRNP H in basal and dynamic mitochondrial function that informs methamphetamine-induced cellular adaptations associated with reduced addiction liability.
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25
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Somashekar PH, Narayanan DL, Jagadeesh S, Suresh B, Vaishnavi RD, Bielas S, Girisha KM, Shukla A. Bain type of X-linked syndromic mental retardation in a male with a pathogenic variant in HNRNPH2. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:183-188. [PMID: 31670473 PMCID: PMC10052778 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA binding proteins, which aid in maturation, stabilization, and transport of mRNA. They have a significant role in cellular nucleic acid metabolism. The hnRNPs alter gene expression and are linked to various neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Previously, six unrelated girls with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and hypotonia were found to have de novo heterozygous pathogenic missense variants in HNRNPH2, located on the X chromosome. A gain-of-function effect was proposed for the variant and it was thought to be lethal in males as no surviving males were identified. We describe a family with two affected siblings, one male and one female, with a known pathogenic variant in HNRNPH2, possibly due to maternal germline mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeth H Somashekar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanya L Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Beena Suresh
- Department of Genetics, Mediscan Systems, Chennai, India
| | | | - Stephanie Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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26
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Harmsen S, Buchert R, Mayatepek E, Haack TB, Distelmaier F. Bain type of X-linked syndromic mental retardation in boys. Clin Genet 2019; 95:734-735. [PMID: 30887513 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A hemizygous variant in the HNRNPH2 gene causes MRXSB in a male individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Harmsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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