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de Koning MA, Pimienta Ramirez PA, Haak MC, Han X, Ruiterkamp-Versteeg MH, de Leeuw N, Schatz UA, Shoukier M, Rieger-Fackeldey E, Ortiz JU, van Duinen SG, Klein WM, Witlox RSGM, Finnell RH, Santen GWE, Lei Y, Suerink M. De novo heterozygous missense variants in CELSR1 as cause of fetal pleural effusions and progressive fetal hydrops. J Med Genet 2024; 61:549-552. [PMID: 38272662 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fetal hydrops as detected by prenatal ultrasound usually carries a poor prognosis depending on the underlying aetiology. We describe the prenatal and postnatal clinical course of two unrelated female probands in whom de novo heterozygous missense variants in the planar cell polarity gene CELSR1 were detected using exome sequencing. Using several in vitro assays, we show that the CELSR1 p.(Cys1318Tyr) variant disrupted the subcellular localisation, affected cell-cell junction, impaired planar cell polarity signalling and lowered proliferation rate. These observations suggest that deleterious rare CELSR1 variants could be a possible cause of fetal hydrops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayke A de Koning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique C Haak
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich A Schatz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moneef Shoukier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Prenatal Medicine Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Javier U Ortiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Klein
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben S G M Witlox
- Department of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mitz AR, Boccuto L, Thurm A. Evidence for common mechanisms of pathology between SHANK3 and other genes of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Clin Genet 2024; 105:459-469. [PMID: 38414139 PMCID: PMC11025605 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome 22q13.3 deletion (Phelan-McDermid) syndrome (PMS, OMIM 606232) is a rare genetic condition that impacts neurodevelopment. PMS most commonly results from heterozygous contiguous gene deletions that include the SHANK3 gene or likely pathogenic variants of SHANK3 (PMS-SHANK3 related). Rarely, chromosomal rearrangements that spare SHANK3 share the same general phenotype (PMS-SHANK3 unrelated). Very recent human and model system studies of genes that likely contribute to the PMS phenotype point to overlap in gene functions associated with neurodevelopment, synaptic formation, stress/inflammation and regulation of gene expression. In this review of recent findings, we describe the functional overlaps between SHANK3 and six partner genes of 22q13.3 (PLXNB2, BRD1, CELSR1, PHF21B, SULT4A1, and TCF20), which suggest a model that explains the commonality between PMS-SHANK3 related and PMS-SHANK3 unrelated classes of PMS. These genes are likely not the only contributors to neurodevelopmental impairments in the region, but they are the best documented to date. The review provides evidence for the overlapping and likely synergistic contributions of these genes to the PMS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mitz
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program, School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bandekar SJ, Garbett K, Kordon SP, Dintzner E, Shearer T, Sando RC, Araç D. Structure of the extracellular region of the adhesion GPCR CELSR1 reveals a compact module which regulates G protein-coupling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577439. [PMID: 38328199 PMCID: PMC10849658 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin EGF Laminin G seven-pass G-type receptors (CELSRs or ADGRCs) are conserved adhesion G protein-coupled receptors which are essential for animal development. CELSRs have extracellular regions (ECRs) containing 23 adhesion domains which couple adhesion to intracellular signaling. However, molecular-level insight into CELSR function is sparsely available. We report the 4.3 Å cryo-EM reconstruction of the mCELSR1 ECR with 13 domains resolved in the structure. These domains form a compact module mediated by interdomain interactions with contact between the N- and C-terminal domains. We show the mCELSR1 ECR forms an extended species in the presence of Ca 2+ , which we propose represents the antiparallel cadherin repeat dimer. Using assays for adhesion and G protein-coupling, we assign the N-terminal CADH1-8 module as necessary for cell adhesion and we show the C-terminal CAHD9-GAIN module regulates signaling. Our work provides important molecular context to the literature on CELSR function and opens the door towards further mechanistic studies.
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