1
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Zocca C, Barreto-Lima AF, Daleprane DB, Ghilardi-Lopes NP. Citizen science expanding knowledge: a new record of the lizard Heterodactylusimbricatus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) in south-eastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e107929. [PMID: 38046929 PMCID: PMC10690793 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Through citizen science projects, like Projeto Bromélias, community members contribute valuable data on species diversity, notably those with low detectability like the Heterodactylusimbricatus lizard. A recent observation in the State of Espírito Santo (south-eastern Brazil), amidst coffee and eucalyptus crops, highlights the utility of widespread technology use in tracking and documenting wildlife. Such initiatives are especially beneficial for mapping the distribution of rare, endemic or endangered reptiles. Therefore, we advocate for more citizen science initiatives near protected areas, involving local communities. New information We provide a new record for the species Heterodactylusimbricatus, a microteiid lizard of low detectability from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil. Heterodactylusimbricatus (Rio de Janeiro Teiid) was recorded near the protected area "Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi" by a citizen volunteer who contributes herpetofauna records to the Bromelias Project (https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/projeto-bromelias). Heterodactylusimbricatus is a very poorly-known species in the localities where it occurs, probably due to its fossorial habit, genera's restricted occurrence range, habitat specificity and the absence of proper survey methods fitted to fossorial species, such as the utilisation of pitfall traps. By publishing the records of volunteer citizens, we hope that more people will contribute to increase the knowledge of biodiversity in the mountainous region of Espírito Santo State and expand our collective knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Zocca
- Projeto Bromélias, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, BrazilProjeto Bromélias, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Espírito SantoVitóriaBrazil
- National Institute of the Atlantic Forest, Santa Teresa, BrazilNational Institute of the Atlantic ForestSanta TeresaBrazil
| | - André Felipe Barreto-Lima
- National Institute of the Atlantic Forest, Santa Teresa, BrazilNational Institute of the Atlantic ForestSanta TeresaBrazil
| | - Dulce Barbosa Daleprane
- Projeto Bromélias, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, BrazilProjeto Bromélias, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Espírito SantoVitóriaBrazil
| | - Natalia P. Ghilardi-Lopes
- National Institute of the Atlantic Forest, Santa Teresa, BrazilNational Institute of the Atlantic ForestSanta TeresaBrazil
- Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, BrazilFederal University of ABCSão Bernardo do CampoBrazil
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2
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Gomides SC, Pires-Oliveira JC, Machado TM. Threats from climate change for lizard species of a Neotropical mountain range. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20210519. [PMID: 37341270 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320210519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, especially for species of high altitudes. However, biodiversity conservation policies that consider mitigation strategies for long-term climate impacts are still scarce. To analyze the effects of climate change on lizards in tropical mountainous areas, we selected two species from Serra do Espinhaço (Brazil) with different thermoregulation strategies and distributions (Tropidurus montanus and Rhachisaurus brachylepis). Serra do Espinhaço mountain range is recognized as an important center of endemism and can act as a refuge for species that manage to survive climate change. We produce models of environmental suitability from bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic variables, and create projections for the present and for the year 2070 under an optimistic (RCP 4.5) and a pessimistic (RCP 8.5) climatic scenario. The results indicate that both future climate scenarios foresee a reduction of areas of environmental suitability for the studied species, but especially for the restricted distribution one (R. brachylepis). Although our results indicate that the studied species are recorded in areas of integral protection that possess climatic stability, the future will see a reduction of areas with environmental suitability, especially under the pessimistic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Gomides
- , Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rodovia PA-439, nº 257, Santíssimo, 68270-000 Oriximiná, PA, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Pires-Oliveira
- Programa de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Av. Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, s/n, Olaria, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Talita M Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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3
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Marques-Souza S, Pellegrino KCM, Brunes TO, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, Rodrigues MT. A molecular perspective on the systematics and distribution of Loxopholis lizards in South and Central America, with advances on the biogeography of the tribe Ecpleopodini (Gymnophthalmidae: Squamata). SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Marques-Souza
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Katia Cristina M. Pellegrino
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Genética Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuliana O. Brunes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Programa de Capacitação Institucional, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
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4
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Yánez-Muñoz MH, Torres-Carvajal O, Reyes-Puig JP, Urgiles-Merchán MA, Koch C. A new and very spiny lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Echinosaura) from the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12523. [PMID: 34966579 PMCID: PMC8667736 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of Neotropical spiny-lizard of the genus Echinosaura from the Imbabura and Carchi Provinces on the western slopes of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. The new species mostly resembles E. horrida. However, it can be distinguished from all congeners by having keeled enlarged dorsal scales forming a paired vertebral row, two paravertebral series of short oblique rows of projecting scales, and a pair of spine-like scales on temporal and nuchal regions. We also provide a detailed description of the osteology of the skull and pectoral girdle of the new species and present a phylogenetic hypothesis for Echinosaura based on three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND4) and one nuclear gene (c-mos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Yánez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador.,Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, Departamento de Ambiente, Baños, Ecuador
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan P Reyes-Puig
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador.,Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, Departamento de Ambiente, Baños, Ecuador
| | | | - Claudia Koch
- Herpetology, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany
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5
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Shea GM. Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata). Zootaxa 2021; 5067:301-351. [PMID: 34810739 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5067.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Shea
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science B01, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia .
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6
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Poma-Soto F, Narváez AE, Romero-Carvajal A. Visual Signaling in the Semi-Fossorial Lizard Pholidobolus montium (Gymnophthalmidae). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113022. [PMID: 34827756 PMCID: PMC8614464 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lizards display multiple communication modalities, through chemical, visual, vocal, or tactile signals which mediate sociality, reproduction, territoriality, competition, and other complex interactions among individuals. In some species that dwell on the surface, it has been shown that multimodal communication is possible, for example, visual and chemical communication. It is less known if lizards that dwell in caves or burrows (fossorial) also use visual signals. By studying behavior in a semi-fossorial lizard from the northern Ecuadorian Andes, we have discovered that they can use visual signals like leg movements and body arching to communicate. In this manuscript, we describe these observations and discuss the potential roles of these signals. This is the first description of such behaviors in semi-fossorial lizards. Abstract It has been suggested that gymnophthalmids, like most semi-fossorial lacertoids, rely more in chemical cues to communicate, in comparison to other groups, like Iguanids, on which communication is mostly based on visual signaling. We present the first description of visual signaling in the Andean lizard Pholidobolusmontium (Gymnophthalmidae) and a complete ethogram based on ex situ observations (34 different types of behaviors including positions and simple movements). Through the design of conspecific stimulus experiments, we were able to recognize leg-waving as a visual signal, as it is only displayed in presence of conspecifics or in presence of a mirror and was one of first and most frequent displays in this context. We also detected other visual displays like neck-arching and tail-undulation which may also be relevant as visual signals. Based on our results, we propose that visual signaling is also possible in semi-fossorial lizards; however, further studies regarding chemical signal recognition and color detection are required to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Poma-Soto
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | - Andrea E. Narváez
- Fundacion Great Leaf, De las Azucenas N47-60 y Av. Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170503, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Romero-Carvajal
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-22-991700 (ext. 1280)
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7
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A New Species of Microtegu Lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) from Amazonian Ecuador. J HERPETOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1670/20-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Echevarría LY, De la Riva I, Venegas PJ, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, R Dias I, Castroviejo-Fisher S. Total evidence and sensitivity phylogenetic analyses of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae). Cladistics 2021; 37:375-401. [PMID: 34478194 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the phylogenetic relationships of egg-brooding frogs, a group of 118 neotropical species, unique among anurans by having embryos with large bell-shaped gills and females carrying their eggs on the dorsum, exposed or inside a pouch. We assembled a total evidence dataset of published and newly generated data containing 51 phenotypic characters and DNA sequences of 20 loci for 143 hemiphractids and 127 outgroup terminals. We performed six analytical strategies combining different optimality criteria (parsimony and maximum likelihood), alignment methods (tree- and similarity-alignment), and three different indel coding schemes (fifth character state, unknown nucleotide, and presence/absence characters matrix). Furthermore, we analyzed a subset of the total evidence dataset to evaluate the impact of phenotypic characters on hemiphractid phylogenetic relationships. Our main results include: (i) monophyly of Hemiphractidae and its six genera for all our analyses, novel relationships among hemiphractid genera, and non-monophyly of Hemiphractinae according to our preferred phylogenetic hypothesis; (ii) non-monophyly of current supraspecific taxonomies of Gastrotheca, an updated taxonomy is provided; (iii) previous differences among studies were mainly caused by differences in analytical factors, not by differences in character/taxon sampling; (iv) optimality criteria, alignment method, and indel coding caused differences among optimal topologies, in that order of degree; (v) in most cases, parsimony analyses are more sensitive to the addition of phenotypic data than maximum likelihood analyses; (vi) adding phenotypic data resulted in an increase of shared clades for most analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Y Echevarría
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Santa Rita No. 105 Of. 202, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Pablo J Venegas
- División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Santa Rita No. 105 Of. 202, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Iuri R Dias
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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9
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Echevarría LY, Venegas PJ, García-Ayachi LA, Nunes PMS. An elusive new species of gymnophthalmid lizard (Cercosaurinae, Selvasaura) from the Andes of northern Peru. EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.68520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of Selvasaura from the montane forests of the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru, based on external and hemipenial morphological characters and previous phylogenetic analyses. The new species can be differentiated from the other two Selvasaura species in having keeled dorsal scales usually flanked by longitudinal striations, in adults and juveniles; adult males with a yellow vertebral stripe bordered by broad dark brown stripes on each side and a unilobed hemipenis surrounded by the branches of the sulcus spermaticus. The description of the new species contributes information about new states of diagnostic characters of Selvasaura and natural history.
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10
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Brunes TO, Lyra ML, Maldonado JA, Pellegrino KCM, Rodrigues MT, Fujita MK. The first mitochondrial genome of a South America parthenogenetic lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:2393-2395. [PMID: 34345705 PMCID: PMC8284125 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1951132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mitogenome of the South American parthenogenetic lizard Loxopholis percarinatum Müller, 1923 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), a uni-bisexual species complex, was recovered for three individuals from Rio Negro region, Amazonas, Brazil. The content and order of genes are typical for vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, and we recovered 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA (12S and 16S), in addition to partial fragments of the Control Region. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with mitogenomes of selected lizard families recovered L. percarinatum with Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851, the only other Gymnophthalmidae species available in GenBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuliana O Brunes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Lyra
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Maldonado
- Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Katia C M Pellegrino
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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11
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Perez-Martinez CA, Leal M. Lizards as models to explore the ecological and neuroanatomical correlates of miniaturization. BEHAVIOUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extreme body size reductions bring about unorthodox anatomical arrangements and novel ways in which animals interact with the environment. Drawing from studies of vertebrates and invertebrates, we provide a theoretical framework for miniaturization to inform hypotheses using lizards as a study system. Through this approach, we demonstrate the repeated evolution of miniaturization across 11 families and a tendency for miniaturized species to occupy terrestrial microhabitats, possibly driven by physiological constraints. Differences in gross brain morphology between two gecko species demonstrate a proportionally larger telencephalon and smaller olfactory bulbs in the miniaturized species, though more data are needed to generalize this trend. Our study brings into light the potential contributions of miniaturized lizards to explain patterns of body size evolution and its impact on ecology and neuroanatomy. In addition, our findings reveal the need to study the natural history of miniaturized species, particularly in relation to their sensory and physiological ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Leal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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12
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A New Species of Alopoglossus Boulenger (1885) (Squamata, Alopoglossidae) from the Lowlands of the Eastern Guiana Shield, with Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of A. copii surinamensis. J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1670/20-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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de Barros FC, Grizante MB, Zampieri FAM, Kohlsdorf T. Peculiar relationships among morphology, burrowing performance and sand type in two fossorial microteiid lizards. ZOOLOGY 2020; 144:125880. [PMID: 33310388 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Associations among ecology, morphology and locomotor performance have been intensively investigated in several vertebrate lineages. Knowledge on how phenotypes evolve in natural environments likely benefits from identification of circumstances that might expand current ecomorphological equations. In this study, we used two species of Calyptommatus lizards from Brazilian Caatingas to evaluate if specific soil properties favor burrowing performance. As a derived prediction, we expected that functional associations would be easily detectable at the sand condition that favors low-resistance burrowing. We collected two endemic lizards and soil samples in their respective localities, obtained morphological data and recorded performance of both species in different sand types. As a result, the two species burrowed faster at the fine and homogeneous sand, the only condition where we detected functional associations between morphology and locomotion. In this sand type, lizards from both Calyptommatus species that have higher trunks and more concave heads were the ones that burrowed faster, and these phenotypic traits did not morphologically discriminate the two Calyptommatus populations studied. We discuss that integrative approaches comprising manipulation of environmental conditions clearly contribute to elucidate processes underlying phenotypic evolution in fossorial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C de Barros
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, ICAQF, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Mariana B Grizante
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil
| | - Felipe A M Zampieri
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
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14
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Donihue CM, Daltry JC, Challenger S, Herrel A. Population increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the Critically Endangered Redonda ground lizard (Pholidoscelis atratus) following the successful removal of alien rats and goats. Integr Zool 2020; 16:379-389. [PMID: 33166046 PMCID: PMC9290887 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redonda is a small volcanic Caribbean island that is home to at least 4 endemic lizard species, including the Critically Endangered ground lizard (Pholidoscelis atratus). Black rats (Rattus rattus) and domestic goats (Capra hircus) were introduced to the island at some time after its discovery by Europeans in the late 1500s. They had a devastating effect on the island, resulting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the ground vegetation. Point count surveys of P. atratus in 2012 indicated low densities, and the invasive rats were observed hunting and preying on the lizards. Both populations of rats and goats were successfully removed in 2017 as part of an ecological restoration program, and native vegetation and invertebrate populations have increased rapidly since. Population surveys in 2017, 2018, and 2019 show the lizard population has increased by more than sixfold. In 2017, as rats and goats were being removed, we evaluated the morphology and escape behavior of this species and repeated these measurements 1 year later. We observed that P. atratus had become bolder, with a reduced flight distance. We also detected changes in limb morphology related to locomotion and suggest possible explanations that will need to be further investigated in the future. These results show how the removal of invasive species can rapidly affect lizard population recovery and behavior, potentially restoring island ecosystems to their pre‐human interference dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Donihue
- UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer C Daltry
- Fauna & Flora International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shanna Challenger
- Fauna & Flora International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Environment, St. John's, Antigua.,Environmental Awareness Group, St. John's, Antigua
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, Paris, France
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15
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Flynn CN, Menezes VA, Rocha CFD. Do restinga cnemidophorine lizards run on empty along the Brazilian coast? BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:1050-1053. [PMID: 33084738 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals with empty stomachs in a population (i.e. the proportion of individuals "running on empty") can be used as a simple index of instantaneous energy balance of some organisms such as lizards and fishes. In this study, we aimed to analyze the proportion of empty stomachs in 16 populations of five cnemidophorine species (Glaucomastix abaetensis, Ameivula ocellifera, Glaucomastix littoralis, Contomastix lacertoides and Ameivula nativo) along approximately 5,000 km the Brazilian coast. A total of 550 individuals had their stomach contents removed and identified in the laboratory. Our results showed that the proportion of individuals "running on empty" varied from 0 to 11.1% among the different populations and species. These proportions are suggestive that the five studied species would be in an overall positive energy balance at the time of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Flynn
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - V A Menezes
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Unidade de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - C F D Rocha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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16
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Damasceno RP, Carnaval AC, Sass C, Sousa Recoder R, Moritz C, Trefaut Rodrigues M. Geographic restriction, genetic divergence, and morphological disparity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests: Insights from Leposoma lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Squamata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106993. [PMID: 33148523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lineage differentiation, long-term persistence, and range limitation promote high levels of phylogenetic and phylogeographic endemisms and likely underlie the abundant morphologically cryptic diversity observed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests (AF). We explore lineage differentiation and range restriction in the AF and ask if genetic divergence and morphological disparity are correlated by integrating coalescent-based species delimitation, molecular phylogenetic, and morphological analyses in the lizard genus Leposoma. We present the first species tree for Leposoma and of their tribe, the Ecpleopodini. The analyses are based on the largest dataset ever assembled for Leposoma in terms of number of species (all represented), genetic markers (12 loci), and geographic coverage (~2,500 km). The exercise allows us to robustly delimit species within the genus and phylogeographic lineages within all species. We find support for the monophyly of the genus and for the recognition of a yet undescribed species around the Baía de Todos-os-Santos, in the state of Bahia; this form is distinct from all other congeners, both genetically and morphologically. We find that L. baturitensis, from the northeastern state of Ceará, is basal to the genus - and sister to a clade of six species restricted to the AF across the eastern coast of Brazil. Relationships within this coastal clade are ((((L. annectans, Leposoma sp.), L. scincoides), L. puk) (L. nanodactylus, L. sinepollex)). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, together with precise distribution data, allowed us to update the ranges of species and phylogeographic lineages. We reveal pervasive geographic restriction of divergent lineages in Leposoma at and below species level and discuss how forest refuges and rivers might have contributed to it. We find that morphological disparity lags behind genetic divergence in the genus because although they are correlated, the first accumulates at a much slower rate than the latter. We hope to encourage new studies in the area of AF north of the Doce river; phylogeographic sampling in that region has been much less common relative to southern sites, yet it may hold the key to several important processes defining biodiversity patterns in eastern Brazil. This appears to specially apply to processes underlying geographic restriction of morphologically cryptic, yet genetic divergent lineages, as the case of Leposoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta P Damasceno
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York and the Biology Program at the Graduate Center of CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, Marshak Life Science Building J-526, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Chodon Sass
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Craig Moritz
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
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17
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Pereira AAA, Guerra V, Barbosa MS, Corrêa F. Distribution extension of Alopoglossus buckleyi (O'Shaughnessy, 1881) (Squamata: Alopoglossidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:842-844. [PMID: 32876176 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A A Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
| | - V Guerra
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
| | - M S Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
| | - F Corrêa
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
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18
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Recoder R, Prates I, Marques-Souza S, Camacho A, Nunes PMS, Dal Vechio F, Ghellere JM, McDiarmid RW, Rodrigues MT. Lizards from the Lost World: two new species and evolutionary relationships of the Pantepui highland Riolama (Gymnophthalmidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Pantepui region of northern South America harbours an endemic fauna that differs dramatically from those of the surrounding lowland rainforests and savannas. A component of this unique fauna is Riolama, a poorly known genus of microteiid lizards with four described and two undescribed species restricted to tepui mountains. We here implement an integrative approach to formally describe the two unnamed species and investigate the phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in Riolama using a fossil-calibrated molecular approach. Our results suggest that diversification initiated in Riolama during the Oligocene (c. 28 Mya), thereby characterizing the genus as an ancient lineage. This supports the Plateau biogeographic hypothesis to explain the diversification of the Pantepui fauna. Our divergence time estimation analysis also provides an updated temporal framework for the diversification of the highly diverse Gymnophthalmidae clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Recoder
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergio Marques-Souza
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Sales Nunes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Dal Vechio
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mario Ghellere
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roy W McDiarmid
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Scarpetta SG. Unusual lizard fossil from the Miocene of Nebraska and a minimum age for cnemidophorine teiids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200317. [PMID: 32968509 PMCID: PMC7481707 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Teiid lizards are well represented in the fossil record and are common components of modern ecosystems in North and South America. Many fossils were referred to the cnemidophorine teiid group (whiptails, racerunners and relatives), particularly from North America. However, systematic interpretations of morphological features in cnemidophorines were hampered by the historically problematic taxonomy of the clade, and the biogeography and chronology of cnemidophorine evolution in North America is poorly understood from the fossil record. Few fossil cnemidophorines were identified with an apomorphy-based diagnosis, and there are almost no fossil cnemidophorines that could be used to anchor node calibrations. Here, I describe a cnemidophorine from the Miocene Ogallala Group of Nebraska and diagnose the fossil using apomorphies. In that process, I clarify the systematic utility of several morphological features of cnemidophorine lizards. I refer the fossil to the least inclusive clade containing Aspidoscelis, Holcosus and Pholidoscelis. The most conservative minimum age of the locality of the fossil is a fission-track date of 6.3 Ma, but mammal biochronology provides a more refined age of 9.4 Ma, which can be used as a minimum age for the crown cnemidophorine clade in divergence time analyses. The fossil indicates that a cnemidophorine lineage that does not live in Nebraska today inhabited the area during the Miocene. I refrain from naming a new taxon pending discovery of additional fossil material of the lineage to which the fossil belonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G. Scarpetta
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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20
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Granados-González G, Pérez-Almazán C, Gómez-Benitez A, Walker JM, Hernández-Gallegos O. Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Squamata, Teiidae): high elevation clutch production for a population of whiptail lizards. HERPETOZOA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e54901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clutch size and number of clutches per reproductive cycle are important life history traits that can be influenced by anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and ecological factors. This report on the clutch size and number of clutches of an endemic Mexican whiptail lizard, Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Cope, 1878), is based on a study of population at an unusually high elevation for a member of this genus. The study site is located in Ixtapan de la Sal, southeastern Estado de México, Central Mexico, at 2090 m a.s.l. Lizards were sampled in June 2006, and from May to July 2007, where females of Aspidoscelis costatus costatus were collected by hand along a drift fence. Female reproductive condition was evaluated based on abdominal palpation for presence of developing eggs; clutch size was determined by actual counts of either vitellogenic follicles or oviductal eggs. The smallest reproductive female was 77 mm snout-vent length; females produced a minimum of two clutches during the breeding season, the mean clutch size of 6.5 eggs (n = 33) was one of the largest reported for the genus. However, both length and width of its eggs, and the relative clutch mass have not been diminished by development of a large clutch. Additionally, comparisons of clutch size were undertaken within the polytypic A. costatus complex, within the genus Aspidoscelis, and between certain genera of whiptail lizards. This apparently represents the first study of whiptail lizards (genus Aspidoscelis), assessing the aforementioned reproductive characteristics, in a population above 2000 m.
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21
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Vacher JP, Manzi S, Rodrigues MT, Fouquet A. The complete mitochondrial genome of Iphisa elegans (Reptilia: Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:3088-3090. [PMID: 33458069 PMCID: PMC7782234 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1797549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitogenome of the lizard Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851 was sequenced using a shotgun approach on an Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform, providing the first mitogenome for Gymnophthalmidae. The genome was 18,622 bp long, with 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA (12S and 16S), and 22 tRNA, as well as the control region. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis including I. elegans and all other available mitogenomes of Squamata provided a tree in accordance with previous phylogenetic relationships inferred for Squamata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Vacher
- Laboratoire Évolution et diversité biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS-UPS-IRD, Bât. 4R1, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Évolution et diversité biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS-UPS-IRD, Bât. 4R1, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Évolution et diversité biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS-UPS-IRD, Bât. 4R1, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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22
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Fang JM, Vásquez-Restrepo JD, Daza JM. Filling the gaps in a highly diverse Neotropical lizard lineage: a new and endemic genus of Cercosaurinae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of two new species from the Northern Andes of Colombia. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1783714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Fang
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 67 # 53-108, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Vásquez-Restrepo
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 67 # 53-108, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan M. Daza
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 67 # 53-108, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
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23
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Hernández Morales C, Sturaro MJ, Nunes PMS, Lotzkat S, Peloso PLV. A species-level total evidence phylogeny of the microteiid lizard family Alopoglossidae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmoidea). Cladistics 2020; 36:301-321. [PMID: 34618959 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopoglossidae is a family of Neotropical lizards composed of 23 species allocated in two genera (Alopoglossus and Ptychoglossus). There is a lack of knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships and systematics of this family. Published phylogenies that include alopoglossid species have very low taxon coverage within the family, and are usually based on limited character sampling. Considering these shortcomings, we infer the phylogenetic relationships of Alopoglossidae-including all but one species in the family-based on the combined analyses of DNA sequences and morphological characters. We use four loci (the mitochondrial 12S, 16S and ND4; the nuclear C-mos) and a matrix of 143 phenotypic characters from scutellation, tongue morphology, hemipenis morphology, and osteology. The dataset is analyzed with Maximum Parsimony, with four alternative weighting schemes: three under Extended Implied Weighting, and one with equal weighting. The respective resulting topologies are compared in a sensitivity analysis framework. Our analyses support the paraphyly of Ptychoglossus, with Alopoglossus nested within it. We provide an updated classification for the family, where Ptychoglossus Boulenger, 1890 is considered a junior synonym of Alopoglossus Boulenger, 1885.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Hernández Morales
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra-Firme, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J Sturaro
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra-Firme, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Sales Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Lotzkat
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pedro L V Peloso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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24
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Gomides SC, Junior MT, Leal F, Thomassen H, Cassimiro J, Recoder RS, Pinto HBDA, Rodrigues MT, Leite FSF. Redescription and Geographical Distribution of a Rare Microteiid Lizard: Rhachisaurus brachylepis (Dixon, 1974) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00078.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Gomides
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270‑901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Teixeira Junior
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, CEP 05508‑090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Leal
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270‑901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hans Thomassen
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270‑901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Cassimiro
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, CEP 05508‑090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, CEP 05508‑090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Bonfim de Arruda Pinto
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rua 229, 95, Leste Universitário, CEP 74605‑090, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, CEP 05508‑090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sá Fortes Leite
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal, CEP 35690‑000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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da Silva MJ, de Araújo Vieira AP, Galvão Cipriano FM, Dos Santos Cândido MR, de Oliveira EHC, Gimenez Pinheiro T, da Silva EL. The Karyotype of Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae): Analyses by Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:94-99. [PMID: 32062647 DOI: 10.1159/000506140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the karyotype of Salvator merianae (Teiidae) from the Brazilian semiarid region using different cytogenetic markers. Chromosomes were examined by classical (Giemsa and AgNOR staining) and molecular (FISH with ribosomal, telomeric, and microsatellite probes) cytogenetic approaches. S. merianae showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38 (10 biarmed macrochromosomes + 28 microchromosomes). No sex-linked chromosome heteromorphisms were observed. Clusters of 18S/28S rDNA were localized in the terminal region of the long arm of pair 2. In addition to the typical telomeric signals, (TTAGGG)n repeats were detected in the pericentromeric region of some macrochromosome pairs, which might indicate the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements via chromosome fusions. Hybridization signals of the microsatellite probes (GA)n, (GAA)n, and (GAG)n were uniformly distributed across all chromosomes, while (CA)n, (CAA)n, and (CAC)n produced brighter signals in the telomeric and pericentromeric regions of specific chromosome pairs. The comparison with previous studies demonstrates that, despite the wide distribution of S. merianae, the macrostructure organization of the karyotype remained unchanged, showing stability in diploid number and chromosome morphology.
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26
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Cruz DD, Nava-García E, Arellano E. An improved and low-cost protocol for high-quality DNA isolation for the Chagas disease vectors. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104201. [PMID: 31972328 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved protocol for DNA extraction for the Chagas disease vectors is proposed based on modification to a low cost method described twenty years ago. Quality DNA and high molecular weight were obtained from all samples. NADH-4 gene was successfully amplified by PCR using the isolated DNA. The extraction protocol presented in this technical note is a fast, low-cost, and non-aggressive method to human health for obtaining genetic data from this group of epidemiological importance and potentially other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl David Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Nava-García
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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27
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Vásquez-Restrepo JD, Ibáñez R, Sánchez-Pacheco SJ, Daza JM. Phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of the Neotropical lizard genus Echinosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with the recognition of two new genera in Cercosaurinae. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The family Gymnophthalmidae is a highly diverse Neotropical lizard clade. Although multiple phylogenetic and taxonomic studies have reshaped our understanding of gymnophthalmid systematics and diversity, many groups remain understudied. This is the case for the cercosaurine genus Echinosaura, which includes eight species of small riparian lizards distributed across lower Central America and northern South America. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Echinosaura, including DNA data for all species of the genus for the first time. To rigorously test the relationships of all Echinosaura, we have assembled the largest molecular dataset of cercosaurine lizards to date. Our analysis refutes the monophyly of Echinosaura, with E. apodema and E. sulcarostrum not closely related to the remaining species. To remedy the polyphyly of Echinosaura, we describe two new genera for E. apodema and E. sulcarostrum. Morphological distinctiveness and biogeography further support these taxonomic changes. In light of our phylogenetic results, we review the species-level taxonomy of the redefined Echinosaura based on morphological and genetic variation. We resurrect E. centralis and designate a neotype given the absence of type and topotypic material. In addition, we provide taxonomic accounts for each species and analyse their patterns of geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Vásquez-Restrepo
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia (GHA), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle, laboratorio, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Apartado, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - Santiago J Sánchez-Pacheco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan M Daza
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia (GHA), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle, laboratorio, Medellín, Colombia
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28
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Cabra-García J, Hormiga G. Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana and discuss the phylogenetic impacts of methodological choices. We analysed 167 phenotypic characters and nine loci scored for 115 Wagneriana and outgroups, including 46 newly sequenced species. We compared total evidence analyses and molecular-only analyses to evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence, and we performed analyses using the programs POY, TNT, RAxML, GARLI, IQ-TREE and MrBayes to evaluate the effects of multiple sequence alignment and optimality criteria. In all analyses, Wagneriana carimagua and Wagneriana uropygialis were nested in the genera Parawixia and Alpaida, respectively, and the remaining species of Wagneriana fell into three main clades, none of which formed a pair of sister taxa. However, sister-group relationships among the main clades and their internal relationships were strongly influenced by methodological choices. Alignment methods had comparable topological effects to those of optimality criteria in terms of ‘subtree pruning and regrafting’ moves. The inclusion of phenotypic evidence, 2.80–3.05% of the total evidence matrices, increased support irrespective of the optimality criterion used. The monophyly of some groups was recovered only after the addition of morphological characters. A new araneid genus, Popperaneus gen. nov., is erected, and Paraverrucosa is resurrected. Four new synonymies and seven new combinations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Cabra-García
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, AA, Colombia
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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29
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Holovacs NT, Daza JD, Guerra C, Stanley EL, Montero R. You Can't Run, but You Can Hide: The Skeleton of the Sand-Swimmer Lizard Calyptommatus leiolepis (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1305-1326. [PMID: 31469501 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Squamates exhibit a vast diversity of body plans, which directly determines habitat use and preference. Here the skeleton of the sand-swimmer burrower gymnophthalmid, Calyptommatus leiolepis, is analyzed to investigate how its peculiar fossorial locomotion affects its osteology. Calyptommatus leiolepis is a limb-reduced, short-intermediate tailed lizard. Although there are other studies on its general anatomy, we performed a detailed description of its skeleton. Using high-resolution computer tomography, each bone element within the skeleton was digitally segmented and a detailed description rendered. Anatomical features related to burrowing include the head having a shovel-like snout with a well-developed horizontal soft tissue ridge, nasal cartilages that exclude sand from the nostrils, reduced eyes covered by a brille, lack of forelimbs, extreme reduction of hind limbs, and imbricated scales among others. The genus Calyptommatus has unique features such as a triradiate jugal (with digit-like posterior projections), a reduced pectoral girdle and forelimbs, parasternal processes that interconnect the ribs, and a single digit in the hind limbs. When comparing this species with other gymnophthalmid lizards including, fossorial species, it is clear that Calyptommatus exhibits the highest number of structural modifications within the family. Despite its specialized morphology, it still retains characters that link this genus to other members of Gymnophthalmidae when included in a phylogeny based solely on phenotypic data. Anat Rec, 303:1305-1326, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Holovacs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas
| | - Juan D Daza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas
| | - Cecilia Guerra
- Cátedra Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ricardo Montero
- Cátedra Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
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30
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The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-019-00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Borczyk B, Skawiński T. Tracking down the lizards from Gravenhorst's collection at the University of Wrocław: type specimens of Callopistes maculatus Gravenhorst, 1838 and three Liolaemus species rediscovered. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6525. [PMID: 30809465 PMCID: PMC6388667 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst's herpetological collection at the Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław included numerous important specimens of amphibians and reptiles. The majority, if not the entirety, of this collection has long been thought to be lost. However, we were able to rediscover some type specimens of lizards. The rediscovered specimens include the holotypes of Liolaemus conspersus and L. hieroglyphicus, one syntype of Callopistes maculatus (here designated as the lectotype) and two syntypes of L. lineatus (one of which is herein designated as the lectotype). Reexamination of these specimens indicates that previous synonymies proposed for L. conspersus and two syntypes of L. hieroglyphicus are problematic; furthermore, more complex taxonomic work is needed to resolve this issue. Two rediscovered syntypes of L. lineatus differ in several scalation traits and are possibly not conspecific. The type specimens of several other species of lizards from Gravenhorst's collection (Liolaemus marmoratus, L. unicolor and two other syntypes of L. lineatus, Leiocephalus schreibersii and Chalcides viridanus) were not found and are probably lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Borczyk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skawiński
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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32
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Hernández Morales C, Peloso PLV, Bolívar García W, Daza JD. Skull Morphology of the Lizard Ptychoglossus vallensis (Squamata: Alopoglossidae) With Comments on the Variation Within Gymnophthalmoidea. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1074-1092. [PMID: 30471212 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, major changes have been proposed for the phylogenetic relationships within the Gymnophthalmoidea, including the description of Alopoglossidae. Recent studies relied primarily on molecular data and have not accounted for evidence from alternative sources, such as morphology. In this study, we provide a detailed bone-by-bone description of the skull of Ptychoglossus vallensis and compare this species with other gymnophthalmoideans. The description was based on 10 cleared-and-stained specimens, four disarticulated skulls, and computed microtomography data of P. vallensis. Most recent phylogenetic hypothesis for the Gymnophthalmoidea was used as a framework to compare the skull of P. vallensis with other species of the Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae, and Teiidae. Marked similarities between alopoglossids and gymnophthalmids were observed in contrast to teiids, probably due to convergence generated by miniaturization. We also qualitatively analyzed the kinesis of the skull of P. vallensis concluding that is highly akinetic, a trait commonly evolved in fossorial, primarily burrowing squamates. We also describe one unique osteological feature for Alopoglossidae that is not known in any other squamate group. Anat Rec, 302:1074-1092, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Hernández Morales
- Departamento de Biología, and Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Intituto de Ciências Biologicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil 66040-170.,Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro L V Peloso
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024
| | - Wilmar Bolívar García
- Departamento de Biología, and Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan D Daza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341
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Moravec J, Šmíd J, Štundl J, Lehr E. Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. Zookeys 2018; 774:105-139. [PMID: 30057466 PMCID: PMC6056569 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.774.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cercosaurine lizards (subfamily Cercosaurinae of the family Gymnophthalmidae) represent a substantial component of the reptile fauna in the Neotropics. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within this group, but most studies focused on particular genera or regions and did not cover the subfamily as a whole. In this study, material from the montane forests of Peru was newly sequenced. In combination with all cercosaurine sequences available on GenBank, an updated phylogeny of Cercosaurinae is provided. Monophyly was not supported for three of the currently recognised genera (Echinosaura, Oreosaurus, and Proctoporus). The genus Proctoporus is formed by five monophyletic groups, which should be used in future taxonomic revisions as feasible entities. Recognition of two previously identified undescribed clades (Unnamed clades 2 and 3) was supported and yet another undescribed clade (termed here Unnamed clade 4), which deserves recognition as an independent genus, was identified herein. Selvasaura brava, a new genus and new species of arboreal gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the montane forests of the Pui Pui Protected Forest, Provincia de Chanchamayo, Región Junín, Peru. The new species is characterised by its small size (SVL 42.1-45.9 mm), slender body, smooth head shields, presence of paired prefrontal shields, fused anteriormost supraocular and anteriormost superciliary shields, transparent not divided lower palpebral disc, slightly rugose subimbricate rectangular dorsal scales in adults (slightly keeled in juveniles), distinctly smaller but non-granular lateral scales, smooth squared to rectangular ventral scales, and hemipenial lobes large, distinct from the hemipenial body. Phylogenetic affinities of the new genus to the other cercosaurine genera, as well as basal phylogenetic relationships between the other cercosaurine genera remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Prague 9, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Prague 9, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štundl
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Prague 9, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar Lehr
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, P.O. Box 2900, IL 61701, USA
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Sánchez-Pacheco SJ, Torres-Carvajal O, Aguirre-Peñafiel V, Nunes PMS, Verrastro L, Rivas GA, Rodrigues MT, Grant T, Murphy RW. Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna. Cladistics 2018; 34:260-291. [PMID: 34645080 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Riama is the most speciose genus of the Neotropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae. Its more than 30 montane species occur throughout the northern Andes, the Cordillera de la Costa (CC) in Venezuela, and Trinidad. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Riama to date based on a total evidence (TE) approach and direct optimization of molecular and morphological evidence. Analyses use DNA sequences from four loci and 35 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 55 ingroup terminals representing 25 of the 30 currently recognized species of Riama plus five undescribed taxa, including an endemic species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in Colombia, and 66 outgroup terminals of 47 species. Analysis results in a well-supported hypothesis in which Riama is polyphyletic, with its species falling into three clades. The Tepuian Anadia mcdiarmidi nests within one clade of Riama, and the recently resurrected Pantodactylus nests within Cercosaura. Accordingly, we propose a monophyletic taxonomy that reflects historical relationships. Analysis of character evolution indicates that the presence/absence of prefrontals-a cornerstone of the early genus-level taxonomy of cercosaurines-is optimally explained as having been plesiomorphically present in the most recent common ancestor of Cercosaurinae and lost in that of the immediately less inclusive clade. Multiple independent reversals to present and subsequent returns to absent occur within this clade. To evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence on our results, we compare our TE results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although phenotypic evidence comprises only 1.2% of the TE matrix, its inclusion alters both the topology and support values of the clades that do not differ. Finally, current phylogenetic evidence reveals a SNSM-CC-Trinidad-tepuis biogeographical link. We hypothesize that an ancient connection facilitated the exchange of species between the SNSM and the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago J Sánchez-Pacheco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada.,Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Aguirre-Peñafiel
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro M Sales Nunes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego S/n, Cidade Universitaria 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laura Verrastro
- Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Gilson A Rivas
- Museo de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo, 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taran Grant
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert W Murphy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
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35
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Marques-Souza S, Prates I, Fouquet A, Camacho A, Kok PJR, Nunes PMS, Dal Vechio F, Recoder RS, Mejia N, Teixeira Junior M, Barrio-Amorós C, Cassimiro J, Dias Lima J, Aurélio de Sena M, Rodrigues MT. Reconquering the water: Evolution and systematics of South and Central American aquatic lizards (Gymnophthalmidae). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Marques-Souza
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC USA
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Écologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA); Université de Guyane, CNRS Guyane; Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Philippe J. R. Kok
- Biology Department; Amphibian Evolution Lab; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Pedro M. S. Nunes
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
| | - Francisco Dal Vechio
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nathalia Mejia
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mauro Teixeira Junior
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - José Cassimiro
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jucivaldo Dias Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá; Núcleo de Biodiversidade; Macapá Amapá Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio de Sena
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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36
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Manley GA, Wartini A, Schwabedissen G, Siegl E. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in teiid lizards. Hear Res 2018; 363:98-108. [PMID: 29551307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SOAE from the last major lizard family not yet systematically investigated, the teiids, were collected from the genera Callopistes, Tupinambis and Cnemidophorus. Although their papillae show characteristics of the family Teiidae, the papillae differ both in their size and in the arrangement of uni- and bi-directional hair-cell areas. Among these three genera, Callopistes showed few (2 or 3) SOAE peaks, whereas the other two genera showed more (up to 6 per ear). In the absence of knowledge of the tonotopic maps, however, it was not possible to clearly relate the spectral patterns to the differences in papillar anatomy, suggesting that the determinants of these patterns may be more subtle than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Manley
- Cochlear and Auditory Brainstem Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Andrea Wartini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Elke Siegl
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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37
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Kok PJR, Bittenbinder MA, van den Berg JK, Marques-Souza S, Sales Nunes PM, Laking AE, Teixeira M, Fouquet A, Means DB, MacCulloch RD, Rodrigues MT. Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America. J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1439541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J. R. Kok
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sergio Marques-Souza
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Sales Nunes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandra E. Laking
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mauro Teixeira
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Écologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), USR 3456 (CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Guyane), Centre de Recherche de Montabo, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - D. Bruce Means
- Coastal Plains Institute and Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ross D. MacCulloch
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Arias FJ, Recoder R, Álvarez BB, Ethcepare E, Quipildor M, Lobo F, Rodrigues MT. Diversity of teiid lizards from Gran Chaco and Western Cerrado (Squamata: Teiidae). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico José Arias
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Salta; Salta Argentina
- IBIGEO; Rosario de lerma, Salta Argentina
| | - Renato Recoder
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Blanca Beatriz Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Herpetología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Corrientes Argentina
| | - Eduardo Ethcepare
- Laboratorio de Herpetología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Corrientes Argentina
| | - Matias Quipildor
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Salta; Salta Argentina
- IBIGEO; Rosario de lerma, Salta Argentina
| | - Fernando Lobo
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Salta; Salta Argentina
- IBIGEO; Rosario de lerma, Salta Argentina
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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39
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Brizuela S, Kosma R. Comments on the Dentition of the TeiidDicrodonDuméril and Bibron, 1839. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Brizuela
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Funes 3250, B7602AYJ Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ralf Kosma
- Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Niedersächsische Landesmuseen Braunschweig, Abteilung für Paläontologie, Gaußstraße 22, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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40
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Redescription of the Extinct SpeciesCallopistes bicuspidatusChani, 1976 (Squamata, Teiidae). J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/16-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Tucker DB, Hedges SB, Colli GR, Pyron RA, Sites JW. Genomic timetree and historical biogeography of Caribbean island ameiva lizards ( Pholidoscelis: Teiidae). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7080-7090. [PMID: 28904785 PMCID: PMC5587475 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas (Pholidoscelis) are not well-known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus Pholidoscelis. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well-supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a (P. auberi + P. lineolatus) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a (P. exsul + P. plei) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between Pholidoscelis and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well-supported phylogeny of Pholidoscelis with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that Pholidoscelis colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Tucker
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of West FloridaPensacolaFLUSA
- Department of Biology LSB 4102Brigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
| | | | - Guarino R. Colli
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | | | - Jack W. Sites
- Department of Biology LSB 4102Brigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
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Peloso PL, Morales CH. Description of a New Species ofAlopoglossusBoulenger, 1885 from Western Colombia (Gymnophthalmoidea). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L.V. Peloso
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia. Avenida Perimetral, 1.901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), Central Park West at 79th Street, 10024, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristian Hernández Morales
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia. Avenida Perimetral, 1.901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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43
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De la Riva I, Chaparro JC, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Padial JM. Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio De la Riva
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Chaparro
- Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco, Peru
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher
- Lab. de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brasil
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, USA
| | - José M Padial
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, USA
- Section of Amphibians and Reptiles, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, USA
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44
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Cacciali P, Martínez N, Köhler G. Revision of the phylogeny and chorology of the tribe Iphisini with the revalidation of Colobosaura kraepelini Werner, 1910 (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae). Zookeys 2017; 669:89-105. [PMID: 28769654 PMCID: PMC5523374 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.669.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Gymnophthalmidae contains nearly 235 species with a distribution range from southern Mexico to central Argentina as well as in the Antilles. Among gymnophthalmids, the genus Colobosaura is a member of the tribe Iphisini, and currently is considered monotypic (C. modesta). The diversity of the tribe was studied recently, with the erection of several new genera. In this work genetic and morphological data of specimens of Colobosaura recently collected in Paraguay were analyzed. Genetic (16S barcode) data indicate that these samples are not conspecific with C. modesta and they are allocated to the nominal species C. kraepelini. Because the original primary type of the latter taxon is considered to be lost, a neotype (SMF 101370) is designated for this species and a redescription provided based on our material. Colobosaura kraepelini is distributed in the Humid Chaco, being the only member of the whole tribe in this ecoregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Cacciali
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Biologicum, Building C, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo 1607, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nicolás Martínez
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. 2169 CDP, Sucursal 1, Ciudad Universitaria, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Gunther Köhler
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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Ramiro CN, Junior MT, Rodrigues MT. Reproductive Biology of Three Sympatric Species of Gymnophthalmid Lizards from the Sand Dunes of the Middle São Francisco River, Bahia, Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00044.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nisa Ramiro
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Teixeira Junior
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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46
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Sturaro MJ, Avila-Pires TCS, Rodrigues MT. Molecular phylogenetic diversity in the widespread lizard Cercosaura ocellata (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae) in South America. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1284913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo José Sturaro
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, CZO. C.P. 399, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
| | - Teresa C. S. Avila-Pires
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, CZO. C.P. 399, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 11.461, 05422-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Tucker DB, Colli GR, Giugliano LG, Hedges SB, Hendry CR, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sites JW, Pyron RA. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:75-84. [PMID: 27395779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A well-known issue in phylogenetics is discordance among gene trees, species trees, morphology, and other data types. Gene-tree discordance is often caused by incomplete lineage sorting, lateral gene transfer, and gene duplication. Multispecies-coalescent methods can account for incomplete lineage sorting and are believed by many to be more accurate than concatenation. However, simulation studies and empirical data have demonstrated that concatenation and species tree methods often recover similar topologies. We use three popular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (one concatenation, two species tree) to evaluate relationships within Teiidae. These lizards are distributed across the United States to Argentina and the West Indies, and their classification has been controversial due to incomplete sampling and the discordance among various character types (chromosomes, DNA, musculature, osteology, etc.) used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Recent morphological and molecular analyses of the group resurrected three genera and created five new genera to resolve non-monophyly in three historically ill-defined genera: Ameiva, Cnemidophorus, and Tupinambis. Here, we assess the phylogenetic relationships of the Teiidae using "next-generation" anchored-phylogenomics sequencing. Our final alignment includes 316 loci (488,656bp DNA) for 244 individuals (56 species of teiids, representing all currently recognized genera) and all three methods (ExaML, MP-EST, and ASTRAL-II) recovered essentially identical topologies. Our results are basically in agreement with recent results from morphology and smaller molecular datasets, showing support for monophyly of the eight new genera. Interestingly, even with hundreds of loci, the relationships among some genera in Tupinambinae remain ambiguous (i.e. low nodal support for the position of Salvator and Dracaena).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Tucker
- Brigham Young University, Department of Biology LSB 4102, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Lilian G Giugliano
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 1925 N. 12th Street, Suite 502, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Catriona R Hendry
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, 400 Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA
| | - Jack W Sites
- Brigham Young University, Department of Biology LSB 4102, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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